Fish habitat assessment output from Bay of Quinte suitability modelling S. Doka, E. Gertzen, J. MacEachern, and J. Dosen Fisheries and Oceans Canada Great Lakes Laboratory for Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 867 Lakeshore Rd., P.O. Box 5050 Burlington, ON L7S 1A1 CANADA 2018
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Fish habitat assessment output from Bay of Quinte suitability modelling
S. Doka, E. Gertzen, J. MacEachern, and J. Dosen
Fisheries and Oceans Canada
Great Lakes Laboratory for Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
867 Lakeshore Rd., P.O. Box 5050
Burlington, ON L7S 1A1 CANADA
2018
Fish habitat assessment output from Bay of Quinte suitability modelling
By
S. Doka, E. Gertzen, J. MacEachern, and J. Dosen
Fisheries and Oceans Canada
Great Lakes Laboratory for Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
867 Lakeshore Rd.
Burlington, ON CANADA
Fish habitat assessment output from Bay of Quinte suitability modelling
Background
Fisheries and Oceans Canada (Dr. Susan Doka’s lab) conducted a modelling exercise using the Habitat Ecosystem and Assessment Tool (HEAT), temperature algorithms, vegetation models,
and water level input to assign habitat suitabilities to the Bay of Quinte Area of Concern. Base
maps included:
1) a digital elevation model that was assembled using elevation data from various sources,
including Canadian Hydrographic Services (CHS) and Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry (OMNRF);
2) a substrate layer based on Wentworth scale classifications (combinations of clay, silt,
5) modelled surface temperature given depths and temperature zones in the Bay of Quinte.
The final suitability maps were based on documented habitat and temperature associations of the fish in the area* during different life stages (spawning requirements, nursery habitat, adult
habitat) from the years of 1972-2011. Suitability values are scaled from 0 (very low suitability)
to 1 (highly suitable). The final maps for each guild – life stage combination (e.g., coldwater –
adult fish) are the maximum values from the 39-year period modelled. High suitability is mapped in red and reflects a range of 0.67 to 1.00, moderate suitability is 0.34 to 0.66 and low suitability is 0.01 to 0.33. True zeros represent areas that are unlikely to be suitable, however more research is needed to confirm this assumption, and so we have referred to such areas as having very low suitability. Suitability maps are an aggregation across groups and species within the lists
provided. Suitability levels are presented using both the average (75.0 m) and highest (75.4 m)
water level recorded during the 39-year period modelled. This allows us to present the maximum suitable habitat in the Bay of Quinte under high water levels, as well as the amount of habitat lost under average water levels (the areas denoted as ‘Dry Land’). Highly suitable areas should be interpreted as those used by the bulk of the species on each list for the life function specified. Spawning habitat was only calculated during appropriate thermal windows. Nursery habitat was calculated after predicted hatch to first overwintering. Adult habitat should be interpreted as average feeding and/or refuge habitat based on generalized habitat associations and annual average water temperatures (i.e., these maps are not specific to early spring distributions).
*A fish species list was generated for the Bay of Quinte Area of Concern based on known distribution information and expert opinion from those involved with the fish populations and habitat assessments, including Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Ontario Minestry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Environment Canada and Climate Change, Ontario Minestry of Environment, Conservation, and Parks, Quinte Conservation, and Lower Trent Conservation.
Figure 1: Lake high-vegetation-affinity species’ habitat-use in the Bay of Quinte. Each thermal-spawning-window group was modelled separately as a suite of species however, final maps were so similar they were merged by using the maximum suitability value across all thermal groups. Vegetation, substrate type, depth, and temperature are used in suitability assignments. High water level based on the 39-year period modelled (1972–2011). Low suitability means habitats are still used. Blue areas were not modelled.
Grass PickerelMuskellunge
Ninespine Stickleback
Northern Pike
White Perch
Yellow Perch
Bigmouth Buffalo
Black Crappie
Brook Stickleback
Central Mudminnow
Common Carp
Fathead Minnow
Spottail Shiner
Blackchin Shiner
Bluegill
Bluntnose Minnow
Bowfin
Bridle Shiner
Brook Silverside
Gizzard Shad
Goldfish
Largemouth Bass
Longnose Gar
Rudd
Banded Killifish
Brown Bullhead
Golden Shiner
Pumpkinseed
Tadpole Madtom
18 Early Summer
24 Mid-summer
Spawning Timing
14 Late Spring
SPAWNING GROUPS
Fish Species
Average Spawning
Temperature
Window (°C)
10 Early Spring
Very Low
High Water Level (75.4m ASL) - Spawning Habitat - High Vegetation Association Species (All Temperature Windows)
Figure 2: Lake low-vegetation-affinity species’ habitat-use in the Bay of Quinte. Each thermal-spawning-window group was modelled separately as a suite of species however, final maps were so similar they were merged by using the maximum suitability value across all thermal groups. Vegetation, substrate type, depth, and temperature are used in suitability assignments. High water level based on the 39-year period modelled
(1972–2011). Low suitability means habitats are still used. Blue areas were not modelled.
Burbot
Cisco
Lake Trout
Lake Whitefish
Round Whitefish
Mottled Sculpin
Quillback
Rainbow Smelt
Rainbow Trout
Round Goby
Sauger
Shorthead Redhorse
Silver Redhorse
Slimy Sculpin
Walleye
White Sucker
Longnose Dace
Alewife
Fallfish
Fantail Darter
Johnny Darter
Lake Sturgeon
Logperch
Smallmouth Bass
Threespine Stickleback
Trout-Perch
White Bass
Channel Darter
Common Shiner
Freshwater Drum
Greater Redhorse
Rock Bass
Striped Shiner
Channel Catfish
Emerald Shiner
Sand Shiner
Spotfin Shiner
Stonecat
18
24
Spawning Timing
Fall / Winter
Late Spring
Early Summer
Mid-Summer
14
Fish Species
Average Spawning
Temperature
Window (°C)
SPAWNING GROUPS
<10
10
Northern Hog Sucker
Very Low
High Water Level (75.4m ASL) - Spawning Habitat - Low Vegetation Association Species (All Temperature Windows)
Figure 3: Lake high-vegetation-affinity species’ habitat-use in the Bay of Quinte. Each nursery group was modelled separately as a suite of species however, final maps were so similar they were merged by using the maximum suitability value across all thermal groups. Vegetation, substrate type, depth and temperature are used in suitability assignments. High water level based on the 39-year period modelled (1972–
2011). Low suitability still means habitats are used. Blue areas were not modelled.
Very Low
High Water Level (75.4m ASL) - Nursery Habitat - High Vegetation Association Species (All Temperature Windows)
Grass Pickerel
Muskellunge
Ninespine Stickleback
Northern Pike
Quillback
Round Goby
Silver Redhorse
White Perch
White Sucker
Yellow Perch
Bigmouth BuffaloBlack Crappie
Brook Stickleback
Central Mudminnow
Common Carp
Fantail Darter
Fathead Minnow
Johnny Darter
Logperch
Spottail Shiner
White Bass
Blackchin Shiner
Bluegill
Bluntnose Minnow
Bowfin
Common Shiner
Freshwater Drum
Gizzard Shad
Goldfish
Largemouth Bass
Longnose Gar
Rock Bass
Striped Shiner
Banded Killifish
Brown Bullhead
Emerald Shiner
Golden Shiner
Pumpkinseed
Sand Shiner
Tadpole Madtom
14
18
24
Late Spring / Early
Summer
Summer
Mid-Summer
Fish Species Nursery Timing
NURSERY GROUPS
10 Mid-Spring
Average Spawning
Temperature
Window (°C)
Northern Hog Sucker
Figure 4: Model output for lake low-vegetation-affinity species’ habitat-use in the Bay of Quinte. Each nursery group was modelled separately as a suite of species however, final maps were so similar they were merged by using the maximum suitability value across all thermal groups. Vegetation, substrate type, depth and temperature are used in suitability assignments. High water level based on the 39-year period modelled (1972–2011). Low suitability still means habitats are used. Blue areas were not modelled.
Very Low
High Water Level (75.4m ASL) - Nursery Habitat - Low Vegetation Association Species (All Temperature Windows)
Figure 5: Model output for lake high-vegetation-affinity species’ habitat-use in the Bay of Quinte. Each adult group was modelled separately as a suite of species however, final maps were so similar they were merged by using the maximum suitability value across all thermal groups. Vegetation, substrate type, depth, and temperature are used in suitability assignments. High water level based on the 39-year period modelled (1972–2011). Low suitability still means habitats are used. Blue areas were not modelled.
Fish Species Trophic Level Thermal Guild
Mottled Sculpin nonpisc Cold
American Eel piscivore
Banded Killifish nonpisc
Black Crappie nonpisc
Bridle Shiner nonpisc
Brook Silverside nonpisc
Common Carp nonpisc
Golden Shiner nonpisc
Johnny Darter nonpisc
Log Perch nonpisc
Longnose Gar piscivore
Ninespine Stickleback nonpisc
Northern Pike piscivore
Quillback nonpisc
Round Goby nonpisc
Rudd nonpisc
Spottail Shiner nonpisc
Striped Shiner nonpisc
Threespine Stickleback nonpisc
White Sucker nonpisc
Yellow Perch nonpisc
Bigmouth Buffalo nonpisc
Blackchin Shiner nonpisc
Bluegill nonpisc
Bluntnose Minnow nonpisc
Bowfin piscivore
Brook Stickleback nonpisc
Brown Bullhead nonpisc
Central Mud Minnow nonpisc
Common Shiner nonpisc
Fathead Minnow nonpisc
Goldfish nonpisc
Grass Pickerel piscivore
Largemouth Bass piscivore
Muskellunge piscivore
Pumpkinseed nonpisc
Rock Bass nonpisc
Tadpole Madtom nonpisc
ADULT GROUPS
Cool
Warm
Very Low
High Water Level (75.4m ASL) - Juvenile/Adult Habitat - High Vegetation Association Species (All Thermal Guilds)
Figure 6: Lake low-vegetation-affinity species’ habitat-use in the Bay of Quinte. Final map presents maximum suitability for warm thermal guild adult groups. Vegetation, substrate type, depth, and temperature are used in suitability assignments. High water level based on the 39-year period modelled (1972–2011). Low suitability means habitats are still used. Blue areas were not modelled.
Fish Species Trophic Level
Channel Catfish nonpisc
Channel Darter nonpisc
Freshwater Drum nonpisc
Gizzard Shad nonpisc
Northern Hog Sucker nonpisc
Sand Shiner nonpisc
Spotfin Shiner nonpisc
Stonecat nonpisc
White Perch nonpisc
Smallmouth Bass piscivore
White Bass piscivore
ADULT GROUPS
Very Low
High Water Level (75.4m ASL) - Juvenile/Adult Habitat - Low Vegetation Association Species (Warmwater Guild)
Figure 7: Lake low-vegetation-affinity species’ habitat-use in the Bay of Quinte. Final map presents maximum suitability for cool thermal guild adult groups. Vegetation, substrate type, depth, and temperature are used in suitability assignments. High water level based on the 39-year period modelled (1972–2011). Low suitability means habitats are still used. Blue areas were not modelled.
Fish Species Trophic Level
Emerald Shiner nonpisc
Fallfish nonpisc
Fantail Darter nonpisc
Greater Redhorse nonpisc
Lake Sturgeon nonpisc
Longnose Dace nonpisc
Mooneye nonpisc
River Redhorse nonpisc
Sauger nonpisc
Sea Lamprey nonpisc
Shorthead Redhorse nonpisc
Silver Redhorse nonpisc
Walleye piscivore
ADULT GROUPS
Very Low
High Water Level (75.4m ASL) - Juvenile/Adult Habitat - Low Vegetation Association Species (Coolwater Guild)
Figure 8: Lake low-vegetation-affinity species’ habitat-use in the Bay of Quinte. Final map presents maximum suitability for cold thermal guild adult groups. Vegetation, substrate type, depth, and temperature are used in suitability assignments. High water level based on the 39-year period modelled (1972–2011). Low suitability means habitats are still used. Blue areas were not modelled.
Fish Species Trophic Level
Alewife nonpisc
Cisco nonpisc
Lake Whitefish nonpisc
Rainbow Smelt nonpisc
Round Whitefish nonpisc
Slimy Sculpin nonpisc
Trout-Perch nonpisc
Brown Trout piscivore
Burbot piscivore
Chinook Salmon piscivore
Coho Salmon piscivore
Lake Trout piscivore
Rainbow Trout piscivore
ADULT GROUPS
Very Low
High Water Level (75.4m ASL) - Juvenile/Adult Habitat - Low Vegetation Association Species (Coldwater Guild)
Figure 9: Lake high-vegetation-affinity species’ habitat-use in the Bay of Quinte. Each thermal-spawning-window group was modelled separately as a suite of species, however final maps were so similar they were merged by using the maximum suitability value across all thermal groups. Vegetation, substrate type, depth, and temperature are used in suitability assignments. Average water level based on the 39-year period modelled (1972–2011). Low suitability means habitats are still used. Blue areas were not modelled.
Grass PickerelMuskellunge
Ninespine Stickleback
Northern Pike
White Perch
Yellow Perch
Bigmouth Buffalo
Black Crappie
Brook Stickleback
Central Mudminnow
Common Carp
Fathead Minnow
Spottail Shiner
Blackchin Shiner
Bluegill
Bluntnose Minnow
Bowfin
Bridle Shiner
Brook Silverside
Gizzard Shad
Goldfish
Largemouth Bass
Longnose Gar
Rudd
Banded Killifish
Brown Bullhead
Golden Shiner
Pumpkinseed
Tadpole Madtom
18 Early Summer
24 Mid-summer
Spawning Timing
14 Late Spring
SPAWNING GROUPS
Fish Species
Average Spawning
Temperature
Window (°C)
10 Early Spring
Very Low
Average Water Level (75.0m ASL) Spawning
- Habitat - High Vegetation Association Species (All Temperature Windows)
Figure 10: Lake low-vegetation-affinity species’ habitat-use in the Bay of Quinte. Each thermal-spawning-window group was modelled
separately as a suite of species however, final maps were so similar they were merged by using the maximum suitability value across all thermal
groups. Vegetation, substrate type, depth, and temperature are used in suitability assignments. Average water level based on the 39-year
period modelled (1972–2011). Low suitability means habitats are still used. Blue areas were not modelled.
Burbot
Cisco
Lake Trout
Lake Whitefish
Round Whitefish
Mottled Sculpin
Quillback
Rainbow Smelt
Rainbow Trout
Round Goby
Sauger
Shorthead Redhorse
Silver Redhorse
Slimy Sculpin
Walleye
White Sucker
Longnose Dace
Alewife
Fallfish
Fantail Darter
Johnny Darter
Lake Sturgeon
Logperch
Smallmouth Bass
Threespine Stickleback
Trout-Perch
White Bass
Channel Darter
Common Shiner
Freshwater Drum
Greater Redhorse
Rock Bass
Striped Shiner
Channel Catfish
Emerald Shiner
Sand Shiner
Spotfin Shiner
Stonecat
18
24
Spawning Timing
Fall / Winter
Late Spring
Early Summer
Mid-Summer
14
Fish Species
Average Spawning
Temperature
Window (°C)
SPAWNING GROUPS
<10
10
Northern Hog Sucker
Average Water Level (75.0m ASL) - Spawning Habitat - Low Vegetation Association Species (All Temperature Windows)
Figure 11: Lake high-vegetation-affinity species’ habitat-use in the Bay of Quinte. Each nursery group was modelled separately as a suite of species however, final maps were so similar they were merged by using the maximum suitability value across all thermal groups. Vegetation, substrate type, depth and temperature are used in suitability assignments. Average water level based on the 39-year period modelled (1972–
2011). Low suitability still means habitats are used. Blue areas were not modelled.
Grass Pickerel
Muskellunge
Ninespine Stickleback
Northern Pike
Quillback
Round Goby
Silver Redhorse
White Perch
White Sucker
Yellow Perch
Bigmouth BuffaloBlack Crappie
Brook Stickleback
Central Mudminnow
Common Carp
Fantail Darter
Fathead Minnow
Johnny Darter
Logperch
Spottail Shiner
White Bass
Blackchin Shiner
Bluegill
Bluntnose Minnow
Bowfin
Common Shiner
Freshwater Drum
Gizzard Shad
Goldfish
Largemouth Bass
Longnose Gar
Rock Bass
Striped Shiner
Banded Killifish
Brown Bullhead
Emerald Shiner
Golden Shiner
Pumpkinseed
Sand Shiner
Tadpole Madtom
14
18
24
Late Spring / Early
Summer
Summer
Mid-Summer
Fish Species Nursery Timing
NURSERY GROUPS
10 Mid-Spring
Average Spawning
Temperature
Window (°C)
Northern Hog Sucker
Very Low
Average Water Level (75.0m ASL) - Nursery Habitat - High Vegetation Association Species (All Temperature Windows)
Figure 12: Model output for lake low-vegetation-affinity species’ habitat-use in the Bay of Quinte. Each nursery group was modelled separately as a suite of species however, final maps were so similar they were merged by using the maximum suitability value across all thermal groups. Vegetation, substrate type, depth and temperature are used in suitability assignments. Average water level based on the 39-year period modelled (1972–2011). Low suitability still means habitats are used. Blue areas were not modelled.
Brown Trout
Burbot
Chinook Salmon
Cisco
Lake Trout
Lake Whitefish
Longnose Dace
Mottled Sculpin
Rainbow Smelt
Rainbow Trout
Round Whitefish
Sauger
Shorthead Redhorse
Slimy Sculpin
WalleyeAlewifeFallfish
Lake Sturgeon
Mooneye
Sea Lamprey
Smallmouth Bass
Threespine Stickleback
Trout-Perch
Bridle Shiner
Brook Silverside
Channel Darter
Greater Redhorse
Channel Catfish
Spotfin Shiner
Stonecat
14
18
24
Early / Mid-Spring
Late Spring / Early
Summer
Summer
Late Summer
Fish Species Nursery Timing
NURSERY GROUPS
Average Spawning
Temperature Window
(°C)
10
Very Low
Average Water Level (75.0m ASL) - Nursery Habitat - Low Vegetation Association Species (All Temperature Windows)
Figure 13: Model output for lake high-vegetation-affinity species’ habitat-use in the Bay of Quinte. Each adult group was modelled
separately as a suite of species however, final maps were so similar they were merged by using the maximum suitability value across all thermal groups. Vegetation, substrate type, depth, and temperature are used in suitability assignments. Average water level based on the
39-year period modelled (1972–2011). Low suitability still means habitats are used. Blue areas were not modelled.
Fish Species Trophic Level Thermal Guild
Mottled Sculpin nonpisc Cold
American Eel piscivore
Banded Killifish nonpisc
Black Crappie nonpisc
Bridle Shiner nonpisc
Brook Silverside nonpisc
Common Carp nonpisc
Golden Shiner nonpisc
Johnny Darter nonpisc
Log Perch nonpisc
Longnose Gar piscivore
Ninespine Stickleback nonpisc
Northern Pike piscivore
Quillback nonpisc
Round Goby nonpisc
Rudd nonpisc
Spottail Shiner nonpisc
Striped Shiner nonpisc
Threespine Stickleback nonpisc
White Sucker nonpisc
Yellow Perch nonpisc
Bigmouth Buffalo nonpisc
Blackchin Shiner nonpisc
Bluegill nonpisc
Bluntnose Minnow nonpisc
Bowfin piscivore
Brook Stickleback nonpisc
Brown Bullhead nonpisc
Central Mud Minnow nonpisc
Common Shiner nonpisc
Fathead Minnow nonpisc
Goldfish nonpisc
Grass Pickerel piscivore
Largemouth Bass piscivore
Muskellunge piscivore
Pumpkinseed nonpisc
Rock Bass nonpisc
Tadpole Madtom nonpisc
ADULT GROUPS
Cool
Warm
Very Low
Average Water Level (75.0m ASL) - Juvenile/Adult Habitat - High Vegetation Association Species (All Thermal Guilds)
Figure 14: Lake low-vegetation-affinity species’ habitat-use in the Bay of Quinte. Final map presents maximum suitability for warm thermal guild adult groups. Vegetation, substrate type, depth, and temperature are used in suitability assignments. Average water level based on the 39-year period modelled (1972–2011). Low suitability means habitats are still used. Blue areas were not modelled.
Fish Species Trophic Level
Channel Catfish nonpisc
Channel Darter nonpisc
Freshwater Drum nonpisc
Gizzard Shad nonpisc
Northern Hog Sucker nonpisc
Sand Shiner nonpisc
Spotfin Shiner nonpisc
Stonecat nonpisc
White Perch nonpisc
Smallmouth Bass piscivore
White Bass piscivore
ADULT GROUPS
Very Low
Average Water Level (75.0m ASL) - Juvenile/Adult Habitat - Low Vegetation Association Species (Warmwater Guild)
.
Figure 15: Lake low-vegetation-affinity species’ habitat-use in the Bay of Quinte. Final map presents maximum suitability for cool thermal guild adult groups. Vegetation, substrate type, depth, and temperature are used in suitability assignments. Average water level based on the 39-year period modelled (1972–2011). Low suitability means habitats are still used. Blue areas were not modelled.
Fish Species Trophic Level
Emerald Shiner nonpisc
Fallfish nonpisc
Fantail Darter nonpisc
Greater Redhorse nonpisc
Lake Sturgeon nonpisc
Longnose Dace nonpisc
Mooneye nonpisc
River Redhorse nonpisc
Sauger nonpisc
Sea Lamprey nonpisc
Shorthead Redhorse nonpisc
Silver Redhorse nonpisc
Walleye piscivore
ADULT GROUPS
Very Low
Average Water Level (75.0m ASL) - Juvenile/Adult Habitat - Low Vegetation Association Species (Coolwater Guild)
Figure 16: Lake low-vegetation-affinity species’ habitat-use in the Bay of Quinte. Final map presents maximum suitability for cold thermal guild adult groups. Vegetation, substrate type, depth, and temperature are used in suitability assignments. Average water level based on the 39-year period modelled (1972–2011). Low suitability means habitats are still used. Blue areas were not modelled.
Fish Species Trophic Level
Alewife nonpisc
Cisco nonpisc
Lake Whitefish nonpisc
Rainbow Smelt nonpisc
Round Whitefish nonpisc
Slimy Sculpin nonpisc
Trout-Perch nonpisc
Brown Trout piscivore
Burbot piscivore
Chinook Salmon piscivore
Coho Salmon piscivore
Lake Trout piscivore
Rainbow Trout piscivore
ADULT GROUPS
Very Low
Average Water Level (75.0m ASL) - Juvenile/Adult Habitat - Low Vegetation Association Species (Coldwater Guild)