First World War

FIRST WORLD WAR1914-1918

- Imperialism : Domination of undeveloped nation by a developed nation by virtue of establishing a colony- America was and is the most powerful country of the world - After America, England and Russia are powerful.- First World War was the war between : European nations- Only Advantage of World War I : Progress in science and technology

Things to Know

Reasons for World War I :

- Imperialism of European nations- Militarism- Diplomatic groups- Division of European nations into two groups- Political complications in balkan area- Immediate cause of the war

- Asia was undeveloped nation.- Africa was recently discovered and was undeveloped- These continents got imperialised as for the sake of industrialisation there was need of colonies and those were present in ample in Asia and Africa- Cut throat rivalry among European nations for imperial expansion —> Lead to world war

1. Imperialism of European nation

- Piling up of arms and ammunition under the name of maintenance of peace in the country.

2. Militarism

- Basic idea - Enemy’s Enemy is a friend.

- France’s Enemies —> Italy and England- Germany chose not to hurt England.

Under reign of Bismarck (ruler of

germany)1866 :

Germany defeated

Austria but laterdeveloped friendship

with it

1870 :Germany defeatedFrance

Triple Alliance in 1882 :Between Germany - Italy - Austria

3. Diplomatic groupism :

- In 1888, when Kaisar William II became the ruler of Germany he increased colonalization and naval development.- He made plans to encounter England which led to rivalry between England and Germany.

Under reign of Kaiser William II

(ruler of germany)

Took rivalry with England

1904 Agreement :Burial of rivalry between France

and England

1907 Agreement :Friendship between Russia and

England

Triple Alliance between : England - Russia -

France

Two groups

England - France -Russia

Germany- Italy- Austria

4. Division of European nations

- Balkan region - East European region under Turkish rule- Serbia - Country in Balkan region

- Political revolution took place in turkey in 1908. - Taking full advantage of the situation, Austria annexed some regions of balkan

Geographical Importance of Balkan :

England- France - Russia interfered in the region

Austria- Hungary boundary touching balkan :Austria interfered

5. Balkan complications

- An extremist serbian citizen (i.e resident of balkan region) assassinated prince of Austria on 28th July 1914.- This was the immediate cause of the war.

6. Immediate cause

- The assassination of Austrian prince was an incentive to smother Serbia.- Austria imposed unacceptable demands on Serbia and asked it to fulfil them within 48 hours

Happenings during the war

- Owing to diplomatic groupism Russia helped Serbia to deal with the unacceptable demands imposed by Austria.- Serbia denied those demands under the support of Russia

Russia helps Serbia…

- Serbia denied the demands imposed on them by Austria; enraged by this, Austria declared a war against Serbia on 28th July 1914.- If Austria emerges victorious its prestige would rise in balkan region, and hence under this jealousy, Russia assisted Serbia in dealing with Austria.

War begins…

- According to the triple alliance agreement between Germany-Austria-Italy, Germany assisted Austria.- Germany warned Russia to retreat its army within 12 hours.- However Russia didn't pay any heed to the warnings issued by Germany.- Thus enraged by this Germany declared a war against Russia

Germany joins hands with Austria..

AUSTRIASERBIA

RUSSIA GERMANY

Situation uptill now..

- When Germany declared war against Russia, France supported Russia according to the triple alliance signed- Now according to the triple alliance , Italy should support Germany, however it went on France’s side.- England had been neutral up till this period.- However German’s aggressiveness brought England in the Battlefield.

France and England arrives and Italy

backstabs Germany…

- In Russia, Bolshevik Government came to power .- Thus signing an agreement, Russia came out of the war.

Russia is out…

- German submarines targeted American Ship Lusitania- America warned Germany.- In spite of the warnings, Germany kept on using submarines.- At last, On 6th April 1917, America declared a war against Germany.- Germany now had no option and had to surrender.- It had to accept 14 point agreement issued by the American president Woodrow wilson

Here comes the superpower…

- On 11th Nov 1918, first world war came to an end.- Under the control of European Imperialism, countries like India had an unwanted involvement in the world war.

War ends…

Paris Peace treaty (1919-1920) :Imposed unjust sanctions on defeated

nations

Versailles treaty :Against Germany was insulting and

unjustified.

After the war…

- Huge damage and destruction of human life and property- Shortage of essential things led to price rise.- Except America and Japan all the countries faced economic crisis.- Royal rules came to an end.- Defeated nations and their empires were divided into new countries- League of nations was setup to avoid such wars.- Insulting and unjustified Versailles treaty imposed on germany sowed seeds for the second world war.

Effects :