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FIRST STUDY TOUR FOR TARGET COUNTRY STAKEHOLDERS 18-20 OCTOBER 2016, GERMANY

Project Title:

Bioenergy Villages (BioVill) – Increasing the Market Uptake of Sustainable Bioenergy

Grant Agreement № 691661

Deliverable № 2.3. – Report on study tour 1

Lead Partner:

WIP – Wirtschaft und Infrastruktur GmbH & Co Planungs- KG (Germany)

Submission date: 01 December 2016

BioVill – D2.3 Report on Study Tour 1

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme

under Grant Agreement N° 691661

Imprint

This document is issued by the consortium formed for the implementation of the BioVill project under Grant Agreement № 691661 by the following partners:

GIZ Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit GmbH (Germany) WIP Wirtschaft und Infrastruktur GmbH & Co Planungs- KG (Germany) KEA Klimaschutz- und Energieagentur Baden-Württemberg (Germany) AEA Österreichische Energieagentur Austrian Energy Agency (Austria) REGEA Regionalna Energetska Agencija Sjeverozapadne Hrvatske (Croatia) SDEWES-Skopje International Centre for Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment

Systems - Macedonian Section (Macedonia) GEA Asociatia Green Engergy (Romania) GIS Gozdarski Institut Slovenije (Slovenia) SKGO Stalna Konferencija Gradova i Opstina (Serbia)

Partner for the compilation of this document:

KEA – Klimaschutz- und Energieagentur Baden-Württemberg (Germany)

Contact:

KEA - Klimaschutz- und Energieagentur Baden-Württemberg (Germany) Kaiserstr. 94a 76133 Karlsruhe Germany

Authors of this report:

Konstanze Stein 01. December 2016

Copyrights:

© 2016 by the authors. No part of this work may be reproduced by print, photocopy or any other means without the permission in written from the main authors.

Disclaimer:

Neither GIZ nor any other consortium member nor the authors will accept any liability at any time for any kind of damage or loss that might occur to anybody from referring to this document. In addition neither the European Commission nor the Agencies (or any person acting on their behalf) can be held responsible for the use made of the information provided in this document.

Further information about the BioVill project on: www.biovill.eu

http://www.biovill.eu/


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Contents

Imprint ...................................................................................................................................................................... 3

Contents ................................................................................................................................................................... 3

List of Figures ............................................................................................................................................................ 4

List of Tables ............................................................................................................................................................. 4

Abbreviations and acronyms ..................................................................................................................................... 4

1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................ 5

1.1 The BioVill project ........................................................................................................................... 5

1.2 Scope of the task/deliverable .......................................................................................................... 5

2. Description of the study tour ............................................................................................................................... 6

2.1 Date, location and intention ............................................................................................................ 6

2.2 Participants ..................................................................................................................................... 6

2.3 Agenda and content of the event .................................................................................................... 8

2.3.1 Overview of the programme .............................................................................................. 8

2.3.2 Bioenergy village St. Peter ................................................................................................. 9

2.3.3. Bioenergy village Büsingen .............................................................................................. 12

2.3.4. Bioenergy village Bonndorf .............................................................................................. 14

2.3.5. Bioenergy village Möggingen ........................................................................................... 16

3. Evaluation of the study tour .............................................................................................................................. 18

Summary................................................................................................................................................................. 21


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List of Figures

Figure 1: District heating system in St. Peter ......................................................................................................... 10

Figure 2: Impressions of the visit at the bioenergy village St. Peter ..................................................................... 12

Figure 3: Impressions of the visit at the bioenergy village Büsingen .................................................................... 14

Figure 4: Impressions of the visits at company “Adler” and bioenergy village Bonndorf.................................... 16

Figure 5: Impressions of the visits at the Stadtwerke Radolfzell and the bioenergy village Möggingen ................................................................................................................................................ 17

Figure 6: Answers on general questions of the questionnaire .............................................................................. 18

Figure 7: Participant’s benefits of the study tour .................................................................................................. 18

Figure 8: Participants feedback about the use of the input from the study tour ................................................ 19

List of Tables

Table 1: Selected bioenergy villages represented during the first study tour ...................................................... 6

Table 2: List of participants ...................................................................................................................................... 7

Table 3: Resource persons of the bioenergy villages providing information during the study tour .............................................................................................................................................................. 7

Table 4: Agenda of the study tour ........................................................................................................................... 8

Abbreviations and acronyms

AEA Österreichische Energieagentur Austrian Energy Agency (Austria) CHP Combined heat and power EE Energy Efficiency EEG German Renewable Energy Act EPC Energy Performance Contracting ERDF European Regional Development Fund ESC Energy Supply Contracting ESCO Energy Service Company EU European Union GEA Asociatia Green Engergy (Romania) GIS Gozdarski Institut Slovenije (Slovenia) GIZ Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit GmbH (Germany) KEA Klimaschutz- und Energieagentur Baden-Württemberg (Germany) ORC Organic Rankine Cycle REGEA Regionalna Energetska Agencija Sjeverozapadne Hrvatske (Croatia) SC Steering Committee SDEWES-Skopje International Centre for Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment

Systems - Macedonian Section (Macedonia) SKGO Stalna Konferencija Gradova i Opstina (Serbia) SME Small and Medium-sized Enterprise WIP Wirtschaft und Infrastruktur GmbH & Co Planungs- KG (Germany)


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1. Introduction

1.1 The BioVill project

BioVill is a three years project supported by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme with a budget of around EUR 1.99 million. The project started in March 2016 and is implemented by the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH in collaboration with 8 partners from the BioVill target partner countries Croatia, Macedonia, Romania, Serbia and Slovenia, as well as from Germany and Austria.

Many South East European countries have high biomass potentials, but these potentials are often not or only inefficiently used for local energy supply and regional economic development. Thus, the overall objective of the BioVill project is to support the development of regional bioenergy concepts and the establishment of bioenergy villages in Croatia, Macedonia, Romania, Serbia and Slovenia. This will be achieved by identifying suitable biomass value chains according to local and regional needs and transferring existing experiences in Austria, Germany and other European countries to the South-Eastern European partners. Thereby the market uptake of domestic bioenergy supply chains will be increased and the role of locally produced biomass as a main source of energy supply and added value for the local and regional economy will be strengthened.

Core activities of the BioVill project include national and local framework analyses, technological and economic assessments of local bioenergy value chains, development of the institutional set-up and energy management concepts for the potential bioenergy villages as well as capacity building on financing schemes and business models. As a key factor of success the BioVill project uses a multi stakeholder approach fostering the involvement and active participation of the citizens and all relevant stakeholders in the planning and implementation process.

Major results of the BioVill project will be the initiation of at least five bioenergy villages in the target partner countries up to the investment stage for physical infrastructure, the raise of public acceptance and awareness of a sustainable bioenergy production and its commercial opportunities as well as increased capacities of users and key actors in business and legislation to sustainably manage bioenergy villages and to enact national and EU legislation. Altogether, the BioVill project will contribute to the expansion and sustainability of the bioenergy markets in the European Union and the rest of Europe.

1.2 Scope of the task/deliverable

This report is a summary of the first study tour in Germany to best practice bioenergy villages in South-Western Germany organised by KEA. The study tour was initiated to present successful best practices to both the project partners of the target countries and to the potential bioenergy villages’ representatives (target country stakeholders). The tour also enabled the participants to discuss their questions with the key actors and stakeholders of the already successfully running bioenergy villages.

The ambition of the BioVill project is to support at least one village in each target country Croatia, Macedonia, Romania, Serbia and Slovenia to become a bioenergy village. The experience collected in established bioenergy villages is very helpful for the partner organisations and their local partners in these countries to learn more about the “toolkit” bioenergy village.

This report contains all organisational details (date, locations), the criteria for selecting interesting bioenergy villages for the study tour, a list of participants, a list of key persons met during the study tour, and a description of the essential content of each site visit regarding the best practices. In order to illustrate the eligibility criteria for bioenergy villages, the preparation process and the experience during the operation time, a short compilation of the key facts for each visited bioenergy village is included in the report. Furthermore, the results of the study tour evaluation and the conclusions and recommendations for the next study tour are described in detail. The major results of the study tour are compiled in the summary at the end of the report.


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2. Description of the study tour

2.1 Date, location and intention

The first BioVill study tour began on October, 17 and ended on October 20, 2016. It took place in Southwest-Germany. All participants stayed in a hotel in Singen (Hohentwiel), from where the trips to the bioenergy villages in the region started. Singen was chosen because of its central location, making it easy for participants to travel to the various bioenergy villages.

KEA Klimaschutz- und Energieagentur Baden-Württemberg (Germany) organized the study tour and all project partners participated at the event. Representatives from the potential bioenergy villages in the target countries were invited by the project partners (REGEA, SDEWES, GEA, SKGO, GIS) and took part in the event too.

During the second SC meeting, the BioVill project partners decided that the first study tour should provide an overview about the different existing concepts of bioenergy villages. Therefore, KEA organized the visit of various types of bioenergy villages around Singen with a wide range of applied technologies and ownership models. In preparation of the study tour, KEA sent a brief description of the four bioenergy villages that would be visited to the partners.

2.2 Participants

In summary, 23 people took part in the event. The list of participants is presented below in table 2. The participants included 5 representatives of the German and Austrian BioVill project partners, 8 representatives of project partners from the target countries and 10 representatives of the selected bioenergy villages.

Target country Selected bioenergy villages

Macedonia Kichevo

Croatia Perušić

Bedekovčina

Serbia Kostojevici

Romania Ghelinta

Estelnic

Slovenia Dole pri Litiji

Table 1: Selected bioenergy villages represented during the first study tour

The following people participated in the study tour:

№ Name Organization

1 Konstanze Stein KEA (Germany)

2 Vasil Bozhikaliev SDEWES (Macedonia)

3 Ljupcho Dimov SDEWES (Macedonia)

4 Tino Aleksov Kichevo (Macedonia)

5 Prah Jože Dole pri Litiji (Slovenia)

6 Mitja Dolinsek Dole pri Litiji (Slovenia)

7 Jaka Klun SFI (Slovenia)

8 Miljenko Jagarčec REGEA (Croatia)

9 Valerija Vrček REGEA (Croatia)

10 Mihael Kurteš Perušić (Croatia)

11 Nada Marijanović Perušić (Croatia)

12 Suzana Hajdaš Bedekovčina (Croatia)


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№ Name Organization

13 Eva-Maria Geiger GIZ (Germany)

14 Jens Adler GIZ (Germany)

15 Dominik Rutz WIP (Germany)

16 Martin Höher AEA (Austria)

17 Ljubuinka Kaludjerovic SCTM (Serbia)

18 Dragana Ivanovic, Bajina Basta (Serbia)

19 Slobodan Mitrovic Kostojevici (Serbia)

20 Ion Visa GEA (Romania)

21 Daniel Cosnita GEA (Romania)

22 Attila Varga Estelnic (Romania)

23 József Cseh Ghelinta (Romania)

Table 2: List of participants

The following resource persons of the visited bioenergy villages shared their experiences and contributed to the discussions:

Bioenergy village Key persons / speakers

St. Peter

Mr. Markus Bohnert Forester of the village and board member of the Bioenergy St. Peter e. G.

Büsingen Ms. Jutta Gaukler Solarcomplex AG, expert in renewable energies

Ms Veronica Paolino Solarcomplex AG, technical expert

Mr. Gunnar Lang Former mayor of Büsingen who was involved in the first project phases very intensively

Bonndorf Ms. Jutta Gaukler Solarcomplex AG, expert in renewable energies

Ms Veronica Paolino Solarcomplex AG, technical expert

Mr. Christoph March Technical expert of company Hans Adler OHG

Möggingen Daniel Meyer Expert for bioenergy villages, district heating systems and heat supply (Stadtwerke Radolfzell)

Mr. Rehm-Braun Owner and operator of the biogas plant on the farm Ziegelhof

Table 3: Resource persons of the bioenergy villages providing information during the study tour


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2.3 Agenda and content of the event

2.3.1 Overview of the programme

Time Topic

18.10.2016

10.30 Introduction (Konstanze Stein, KEA) Presentation: The BioVill project (Jens Adler, GIZ) Presentation: Five phases for the establishment of bioenergy villages (Jens Adler, GIZ) Presentation: Overview of biomass technologies for bioenergy villages (Dominik Rutz, WIP)

12:00 Snack

12:45 Journey to bioenergy village St. Peter

14:30 Presentation: Energy supply from citizens – the bioenergy village St. Peter (Markus Bohnert, Bioenergie St. Peter e. G.)

Guided tour to the heating centre in St. Peter

17:00 Return to Singen

19.10.2016

8:30 Presentation: Renewable Energies in Germany (Jutta Gaukler, solarcomplex) Presentation: The bioenergy villages Büsingen and Bonndorf (Veronica Paolino, solarcomplex)

10:30 Journey to bioenergy village Büsingen

11:30 Guided tour to the thermal solar field and the heating centre in Büsingen Short introduction from the former mayor of Büsingen

12:30 Snack

13:00 Journey to bioenergy village Bonndorf

14.15 Guided tour to the heating centre of the company Hans Adler OHG, manufacturer of sausages and ham(Christoph March, Hans Adler OHG)


17:45 Extraordinary SC meeting

20.10.2016

9:00 Journey to bioenergy village Radolfzell

9:30 Presentation: Bioenergy village Möggingen (Daniel Meyer, Stadtwerke Radolfzell) Guided tour to the heating centre and to the biogas plant in Möggingen


12:00 Snack

Table 4: Agenda of the study tour


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The participants of the BioVill study tour arrived on Monday 17.10.2016 in the town of Singen (Hohentwiel). The event started with a short introduction given by Konstanze Stein (KEA). Afterwards, all participants

presented their professional background and their expectations for the study tour in a round of introductions. Jens Adler presented the objectives and milestones of the BioVill projects to make the participants from bioenergy villages in Croatia, Slovenia, Macedonia, Serbia and Romania familiar with the project. In his second presentation, Jens Adler outlined the necessary phases for the establishment of a bioenergy village derived from a guideline published by the Fachagentur für Nachwachsende Rohstoffe (Germany).

The morning concluded with a presentation given by Dominik Rutz about the biomass technologies for bioenergy villages.

Subjects for discussion:

Efficiency of Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) power generation plants Process temperature of ORC power generation plants Decision criteria for energy use from biogas plants

2.3.2 Bioenergy village St. Peter

Markus Bohnert from the energy cooperative St. Peter spoke about the preparation process of the bioenergy village initiated by the citizens of the municipality, the obstacles encountered during implementation and the technical and economic concepts.

Location:

St. Peter is a village located in the Black Forest in southwestern Germany, in the state of Baden-Württemberg. The village has a population of approximately 2,530 inhabitants living in 1,100 households. The village extends over several districts and is located between 700 and 1,200 meters above sea level. The main buildings are primarily located in the centre. St. Peter and the surrounding region already generated power from renewables even before the municipality became a bioenergy village.

Starting points of the bioenergy village:

Before connecting to the heating network, each building was heated by an individual oil boiler. St. Peter has no natural gas network. In the area of the municipality, there are 1,620 ha of forest, which is divided into private forest (61%), state-owned forest (37%), and community forest (2%). Because of the large agricultural areas (1,792 ha) and the huge forest areas (1,626 ha), there were favourable conditions to set up a bioenergy village. The project was started by a citizens’ initiative and the participants of the initiative later founded an association, the Bürgerenergie St. Peter e. G.

Technical concept:

Currently, there are five hydroelectric power plants, which produce about 40 MWh per year. Six local wind turbines generate 18,400 MWh per year and photovoltaic systems produce approximately 1,180 MWh per year. The average power consumption of the village is around 7,000 MWh, thus three times more renewable power is generated then used in St. Peter. The main component of the bioenergy village is the 12.1 km long district heating system. A woodchip boiler (1,700 kW thermal output) and a wood-pellet gasification CHP unit (270 kW thermal output, 180 kW electrical output) were installed in the heating station. The woodchip boiler generates app. 7,500 MWh per year of heat; the pellet gasification CHP unit produces app. 2,100 MWh per year heat and 1,400 MWh per year power. Two buffer storages (in total 48 m³) and two oil boilers (920 kW and 1,750 kW thermal output) cover the peak load as well as downtimes of the wood fired plants. The pellets for gasification boilers are supplied by the German Pellets GmbH (factory Ettenheim) or the EC Bioenergy GmbH (Kehl). Both factories are situated in the Upper Rhine Valley, only 60 kilometre (Ettenheim) and 90 kilometre (Kehl) away. The annual requirement is in average 900 tons of pellets. Only certified wood pellets corresponding to the quality criteria for "ENplusA1" are used. The demand for approximately 8,000 m

3 of wood chips per year is met in large

part from the local forest.


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Figure 1: District heating system in St. Peter

Ownership:

Bürgerenergie St. Peter e. G. is the owner and operator of the whole heating system. Furthermore, a total area of 800 m² of private solar thermal systems generates additional 40,000 kWh heat per year. Therefore, the renewable heat supply covers 80% of the demand. The Minister of Economy of Baden-Württemberg gave permission for the establishment of the bioenergy village to St. Peter on 11

th January 2010.

Target groups and participants:

Bürgerenergie St. Peter e. G. was the main actor during the preparation phase and developed the idea of a district heating system combined with renewable energy supply for the entire village. A high connection rate to the district heating system has been achieved because of the high voluntary commitment of the energy cooperative, the transparent calculations, and the direct involvement of the citizens in the project.

Budget and financing sources:

The investment costs for the complete project were app. around 6.4 million EUR. The majority of this amount was financed by the Bürgerenergie St. Peter e. G. Since the energy cooperative was established for this project, and therefore was very young at the beginning, relatively little capital was available in the amount of 700,000 EUR. This is made up of membership fees and private loans from cooperative members. Each member pays an annual contribution of 500 EUR. Members, who receive heat from the network, pay an annual contribution of 1,500 EUR. With these annual fees a sum of 339,000 EUR was contributed to the project. There was also the opportunity for cooperative members to financially participate in the granting of a private loan. The loans are between 1,000—25,000 EUR per person with an interest rate of 6%. Through this process, it was possible to collect another 361,000 EUR as equity for the cooperative. The other project costs were covered by a total of 4.5 million EUR through the funding program Renewable Energies Premium. The program, and thus project, was supported by the national funding bank Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau who offered a repayment bonus of 1.25 million EUR. Furthermore, the project received subsidies from the state of Baden-Württemberg (200,000 EUR) using the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF).

Subjects for discussion during the visit were the following:

Q: Price calculation of heat delivered by the district heating system

A: Heat price is 20-30% lower than the price of the regional utility; first price adaptation in 2013.

Q: Operation of the technical devices, including emergency backup

A: Peak load boilers cover (1,750 /920 kW) emergencies, but this has not happened yet

Q: Support by the municipal administration and the mayor within the project preparation

A: A group of citizens came up with the idea of a bioenergy village in spring 2008. Every candidate for the mayor election in autumn 2008 promised to support the establishment of the bioenergy village. Aside from the church buildings (Erzdiözese), the municipality administration agreed to use heat from the district heating system in the future.


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Q: Content and procedure of the preliminary survey of potential heat consumers

A: Content: heat consumption data from the last three years; provision of private loans, acceptance of the cooperative model Procedure: Eleven people from the citizen initiative took care of the communication with the inhabitants and consulted people regarding the survey questions. When the process was started citizens convinced each other of the merit of the project and organised small citizen meetings in the neighbourhood.

Q: Remuneration and feed in tariffs for the electricity produced by the CHP

A: Yes, according to the regulations of the German Renewable Energy Law.

Q: Participating companies during the implementation period and services performed by the energy cooperative

A: An engineering company prepared a procurement procedure for the net and the heating centre. The house connections were often realized by the members of the energy cooperative or the building owner himself.

Q: Delivery of the wood chips and pellets.

A: Wood chips are delivered by farmers living outside of the village (up to 15 km). A manufacturing company from the town Kehl delivers the pellets. The water content is reduced to less than 30 % during storage time. Farmers get remuneration of 26.50 EUR/MWh for woodchips and one MWh of pellets costs app. 50 EUR.

Q: Recommendations to set up bioenergy villages

A: Initiators, drivers and communicators are very important to promote the idea of a bioenergy village. Citizens should initiate and carry out all necessary steps for the establishment of a bioenergy village and they should not wait for the decision making of local politicians.

After the presentation, Mr. Bohnert explained the wood chip storage technology on a guided tour, the gasification plant, the CHP, the buffers and the control system.

Presentation given by Mr. Bohnert Combined heat and power system

Wood chip storage Control system


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Discussion round Participant watching the control system

Figure 2: Impressions of the visit at the bioenergy village St. Peter

2.3.3. Bioenergy village Büsingen

On the next day, at first the group visited the company Solarcomplex AG in Singen to get an introduction to the company as well as to the bioenergy villages Büsingen and Bonndorf, both operated by Solarcomplex AG. The company has to date initiated more than ten bioenergy villages. Ms Jutta Gaukler explained the development of the energy sector and presented many facts about the energy policy in Germany from the seventies of the last century up to now. Moreover, Ms Gaukler highlighted the high potential of financing renewable energies and energy efficiency measures by citizens of a region, the benefit of having installation of the technical devices by tradesmen of the region and the increasing cohesion of a region through these common efforts. The company Solarcomplex was founded by activists who wanted to change the energy supply based on fossil fuels and initiated renewable energy projects financed by the citizens of the region Singen / Konstanz in cooperation with other financing institutions. After these basic facts, Ms Veronica Paolino presented the concept of the bioenergy villages Büsingen and Bonndorf, both implemented by Solarcomplex.

Location:

The village of Büsingen is located in Switzerland and is a Germany’s exclave. Circa 1,390 inhabitants live in Büsingen in around 200 buildings.


As Büsingen is surrounded by Switzerland, there is no German power grid; therefore power produced by renewables is not remunerated according to the German Renewable Energy Act (EEG). For that reason, Büsingen focuses on heat production from renewable energy sources.

Technical concept:

110 buildings are connected with the solar thermal system, which provides the majority of the heat for the district heating system. So far, the use of such a large scale solar thermal system is unique in a German bioenergy village. The 1,000 m² thermal solar plants cover 500,000-600,000 kWh per year of the heat demand of the households. Furthermore, two wood chip boilers (450 and 900 kW thermal power), a rapeseed oil boiler for the peak load, and a buffer storage (volume 100 m³) are part of the heat generation system. The solar thermal system covers the heat demand completely in summer; the wood chip boiler delivers additional heat in winter. The combination of solar thermal system, woodchip boiler, and large buffer storage is especially efficient because the woodchip boiler does not work during partial-load operation. In addition, several pellet boilers were installed to provide heat for remote locations, which are not connected to the district heating system. A peak load boiler with a capacity of 730 KW is used for hedging on rare occasions. Nevertheless, sustainable power production is a prerequisite for becoming a bioenergy village. Therefore, in addition to the private photovoltaic systems, a small-scale photovoltaic system was installed on the roof of the boiler rooms to supply the power for the pumps of the district heating system. Even if the power isn’t remunerated according to the EEG, the plant runs economically. The power is fed into the grid under the conditions of the Swiss commercial law.


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Ownership:

The technical equipment belongs to the company Solarcomplex AG that concluded heat supply contracts with the heat consumers.


The heat consumers, primarily private households, did not need to pay a connection fee; therefore many building owners connected their internal heating system to the district heating system. The project was implemented by the municipal administration and the company Solarcomplex AG, which installed the technical equipment and is now responsible for the heat supply. Citizens were periodically informed about the project progression, the implemented measures, and the payment conditions for the heat production.


The financing of the total project costs (including interest payments) in the amount of 4.2 million EUR was undertaken by the Solarcomplex AG. The investment costs for the complete project amounted to 3.15 million EUR. Three quarters of the costs were financed by loans from the national funding bank Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau and the other quarter by share capital held by Solarcomplex shareholders. Furthermore, the state of Baden-Wuerttemberg supported the project with 100,000 EUR because of its innovative character. These financial resources had been allocated from the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). Büsingen received several awards from the Ministry of Finance and Economics Baden-Württemberg and the Georg-Salvamoser award, which awards innovative solar projects.

Subjects for discussion during the visit and Ms. Gaukler’s and Ms Paolono’s presentation were the following:

Q: Recommendations pertaining to the participation process

A: Inclusion of citizens, in particular key persons, and the municipal council during the preparation period is very helpful to convince other people.

Q: Experiences with the promotion of bioenergy villages

A: Minimum requirements should be fulfilled (economic concept, future-oriented farmers or suppliers of biomass resources).

Q: Obstacles and hurdles during the implementation period, recommendations?

A: The heat price is the most important decision criterion for customers. The first established project was an initial impulse to start more bioenergy villages.

Q: Experience with bioenergy projects in small towns.

A: Large advantages: high energy density of the consumers, several construction phases possible for various quarters in the town Disadvantages: high efforts required to convince people (less informal networks)

All participants were very impressed by the heating generation concept in Büsingen. The group visited the thermal solar plant and the heating centre with the wood chip boiler. The former mayor of Büsingen, Mr. Gunnar Lang was also present at the guided tour and reported about the establishment process of the bioenergy village, the barriers, such as a local farmer, who wanted to supply woodchips very expensively and who disagreed with the procurement process for woodchips carried out by Solarcomplex.,

Presentation from Ms Gaukler (Solarcomplex) Ms Gaukler explains the thermal solar plants


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Heating centre of Büsingen Mr. Lang talks about the initial phase of the project

Study group in front of the solar field

Figure 3: Impressions of the visit at the bioenergy village Büsingen

2.3.4. Bioenergy village Bonndorf

From Büsingen the group went directly to Bonndorf and visited the company Adler (bacon producing manufacturer). This company delivers waste heat to the second part of the district heating system Bonndorf. Additionally, the company was motivated to renew its heat generation system. Christoph March from company Adler explained the already realized measures, i.e.3 CHPs based on liquid gas, heat exchanger, vapor generation system and others. These renovation measures are not directly connected with the bioenergy village Bonndorf, but they show what effects the establishment of a bioenergy village can have on large energy consumers as companies reflect on their own energy systems and related energy costs.

Location:

Bonndorf is located in the Black Forest at 700 m to 900 m above sea level and belongs to the district of Waldshut. Bonndorf is known for holiday resorts and is a starting point for many sporting activities, such as hiking in the nature reserve of Wutachschlucht. Including all parts of the city, Bonndorf has nearly 7,000 people, whereas almost 5,000 live in the main city.


More than half of the district area of 7,600 ha is covered with forest (4,200 ha to be exact). Two district heating systems were realised in two construction phases; the third one is planned but not implemented because of the low energy (i.e. oil) prices.

Technical concept:

In the autumn of 2014, around 150 buildings in the area "Bonndorf I - West City" were connected to the first part of the district heating network. In summer, the company Dunkermotoren provides its industrial waste heat to the grid. In winter, two modern wood chip boilers meet the heating requirements. During production, process equipment must be cooled; the resulting 300 kW of heat waste in the summer can be fed into the heat network. The combination of two woodchip boilers with thermal outputs of 550 and 1,200 kW provide heat to meet the total demand in the service area. The two heat sources are an ideal combination. The industrial waste heat in the summer months makes an almost constant baseload available, and thus contributes to save wood resources. And the wood energy in the winter months covers the medium and peak load demand. The wood chips are sourced locally.


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In March 2015 the implementation process with the second section of the district heating network, "Bonndorf II - Centre", was started. Waste heat from the company Adler is provided to the heating system which provides about 120 buildings with heat. In addition to the environmental benefits, the project also has a high regional economic value; the energy costs no longer flow out of the region, but rather remain as local purchasing power.

Ownership:

The technical equipment belongs to the company Solarcomplex AG that concluded heat supply contracts with the heat consumers.


The Solarcomplex AG set up the project in closed cooperation with the municipal administration.


The total costs of the project for the heating system including the wood chip boilers, the district heating network and the heat transfer stations were more than 5 million EUR for the Bonndorf I and 3.5 million EUR for the Bonndorf II project. The cost for the energy now flows into a regional circular economy and increases the local purchasing power. By introducing the biomass based heating system, nearly 1,500,000 litres of fuel oil equivalent are saved per year, which avoids an energy cost outflow of around 1,300,000 EUR per year based on the current price of oil.

Subjects for discussion during the visit to Bonndorf were the following:

Q: Extent of the losses in the district heating system

A: App. 12 %

Q: Can customers break off the heat supply from the district heating system

A: The duration of the heat supply contract is agreed for 20 years; therefore an early termination of the contract isn’t possible.

Q: Does Solarcomplex also use renewable energies for electricity?

A: No, Solarcomplex focusses only on a sustainable heat supply in Bonndorf

Q: Experiences during the project preparation phase & recommendations

A: Solarcomplex recommends a rough survey to gauge the interest of citizens in getting heat from the district heating system, a proficient planning process and an open communication with the heat consumers including home visits and sample contracts, and a very transparent calculation of the heat price.

Q: Experiences with price adjustment clauses

A: These clauses are part of the heat supply contracts. Heat price adjustments are used for both, increasing or decreasing prices.

Q: Breakdowns in the heat supply

A: No, it did not happen yet. Additional advantages should be taken into account: very comfortable heat supply, no maintenance of the heating boiler required by the heat consumer, more space in the house since no heating cellar/room is needed etc.

Q: Emergency cases

A: Hydraulic connections for “hot mobiles” (external heating boiler) are installed, but so far never used.

Mr. March is explaining the technical concept Evaporators in company Adler


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Liquid gas storage in company Adler Heating central Bonndorf (© Solarcomplex AG)

Figure 4: Impressions of the visits at company “Adler” and bioenergy village Bonndorf

2.3.5. Bioenergy village Möggingen

The study tour ended with a visit to the Stadtwerke Radolfzell and a trip to the bioenergy village Möggingen on the last day.

Location:

The village Möggingen is a small part of the town Radolfzell with 850 inhabitants. It is located right at the lake Bodensee in the district of Konstanz.


Because Möggingen does not had a connection to the gas net and was using light fuel oil, liquid gas and electricity to fulfil the heat demands, the public utility company (Stadtwerke Radolfzell) was interested to establish a district heating system based on sustainable renewable resources, like biogas and woodchips

Technical concept:

The village Möggingen is supplied with heat by a local heating network of Stadtwerke Radolfzell GmbH (SWR) since 2010. The heat is generated by a biogas cogeneration plant (CHP) and a wood chip boiler, and thus provides 100% of the heat energy from renewable sources. Due to the thermal power in the heating system in Möggingen, it is subject to the authorization system according to the federal emission protection law (BImSchG). The biogas produced in the Ziegelhof from Möggingen is transported untreated by a micro-gas pipeline to the biogas cogeneration plant where it is converted into heat and electricity. The biogas CHP has an electrical output of 250 kW and a thermal output of 360 kW. The electricity generated is fed into the supply network of the public power supply and remunerated in accordance with the Renewable Energies Act 2009 (EEG 2009). The heat is fed into the local heating network and is used to cover the base heat load of the village. The wood chips for the wood chip boiler are provided 100% from the region. The wood chip boiler has a thermal output of 1,200 kW and covers in the mid and peak load of the local heating system. Unlike other existing bioenergy villages, a Kevlar-cartridge filter system is used to reduce the emission instead of using an electric filter - which consumes electrical energy. A photovoltaic system (PV system) is located on the roof of the heating central with a peak output of 63 kW in order to generate electricity. This PV installation is owned by the citizens of Radolfzell- mainly those in Möggingen. The electricity produced from the PV-plant is also fed into the public grid and remunerated according to the EEG of 2009. Due to the heat generation from renewable energy sources, the heating from the district heating system in Möggingen has a primary energy factor (fP, NW) of 0.0 and meets the specific requirements of the Renewable Heat Act of Baden-Württemberg (EWärmeG BW) for existing constructions and the Renewable Energies Heat law (full EWärmeG) for new buildings. The Bioenergy Village Möggingen is known beyond the region and always of interest for citizens, groups and organizations that have community goals for regenerative power.

Ownership:

The technical equipment belongs to the public utility company of the city Radolfzell (Stadtwerke Radolfzell) that is also responsible for the heat supply to the heating consumers. The local farmer installed the biogas plant that is fed with materials (manure, corn silage etc.) from several farmers from the region. He is the owner of the biogas plant and sells the biogas on the public utility company.


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The public utility Stadtwerke Radolfzell initiated the bioenergy village, organised many citizen meetings and realised the project in strong cooperation with the municipal administration.


The total costs of all technical appliances for the district heating network were about 3.4 million Euros and financed with equity from the public utility company Radolfzell and market loans.

Subjects for discussion during the visit:

Q: Duration of the annual operation time of the CHP

A: Around 8500 hours per year

Q: Calculation of the dimensions of the buffer storages

A: Calculated on a basis of investment costs and heat losses

Q: Bottlenecks during the implementation process of the bioenergy village

A: Large effort to motivate and convince people (2 surveys, 30 official meetings). The most important decision-making criterion for the heat consumers is the final heat price.

Q: Why didn’t the citizens of Möggingen establish the bioenergy village by themselves?

A: No experience, no knowledge about energy related regulations, or calculation and operation of the technical equipment; not enough money available.

Q: Financial conditions of the heat supply contract

A: 20 years contract: base price 250 EUR per year; measurement price 15 EUR per year; heat price 0.106 EUR per kWh

After the presentation, the group visited the heating centre of Möggingen. Mr Meyer explained the open wood chip storage, the hydraulic system, the heat exchanger, the wood chip boiler, the CHP and the filter system. Afterwards, Mr. Rehm-Braun, the farmer of the Ziegelhof, explained his intentions to build a biogas plant and to supply the biogas to the heating centre. Since the dairy farming was not profitable, the farmer looked for alternatives, thus the idea and the further implementation of the biogas plant was welcome.

Participants listening the presentation from Mr Meyer Presentation of Möggingen’s district heating network

Mr Meyer explaining the technical appliances Model of the heat exchanger system

Figure 5: Impressions of the visits at the Stadtwerke Radolfzell and the bioenergy village Möggingen


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3. Evaluation of the study tour KEA sent all participants translated slides (English) and an evaluation questionnaire. Fifteen participants filled in the questionnaire (65 percent) and KEA compiled all results:

Figure 6: Answers on general questions of the questionnaire

Except the catering, participants assessed all organisational issues and the speakers very good. The high benefit from the study tour is also expressed in the following chart:

Figure 7: Participant’s benefits of the study tour

The objective of the first study tour was to create a better understanding for bioenergy villages, 80% of the participants confirmed this fact. In addition, about three quarters of the participants resumed that they now have a better understanding how to initiate bioenergy villages and how different ownership models work. They

Totally

agree

Totally

disagreeWeight factor

= 5

Weight factor

= 4

Weight factor

= 3

Weight factor

= 2

Weight factor

= 1

Weighted

Average

10 4 1 0 0 4,6

10 5 0 0 0 4,7

1 4 6 4 0 3,1

3 4 6 0 1 3,6

8 6 1 0 0 4,5

7 6 1 0 0 4,4

8 5 1 0 0 4,5

Bioenergy Village St. Peter

(Markus Bohnert)12 3 0 0 0 4,8

Solarcomplex/Bioenergy Village Büsingen

(Jutta Gaukler)7 8 0 0 0 4,5

Bioenergy Village Bonndorf

(Hans Adler oHG )4 5 6 0 0 3,9

11 4 0 0 0 4,7Bioenergy Village Möggingen

(Daniel Meyer)

catering

hotel

study tour in general

Quality and relevance of project presentations and visits

5 Phases of the Establishment of a Bioenergy Village

(Jens Adler)

Overview on Biomass Technologies for Bioenergy Villages

(Dominik Rutz)

KEA support during the study tour

Weighted

Average

Organisation, please assess the quality of the …

programme


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also learnt more about the different technologies applied in the visited bioenergy villages. Two thirds of the participants feel now better able to assess critical points of the projects. Even if participants asked the speakers about critical points of the projects, the answers could be deeper. On the other hand, only successful projects were selected for the study tour, thus crucial pitfalls are not very relevant in these projects.

Figure 8: Participants feedback about the use of the input from the study tour

Figure: During the study tour, participants received many impulses for the initiation and implementation of the bioenergy villages in their own countries. Because the legal framework conditions are very different in the single countries, the speakers did not focus on that issue. But partners from the target countries are aware about the importance of a detailed overview on legal regulations and did compile relevant laws and orders for the report “National framework conditions”. Involving citizens, communicating relevant topics, checking the technologies and collecting information about the available resources and materials in the villages are also ongoing tasks. Not all participants are involved in these tasks equally, thus the single participants’ focusses are different. Furthermore, the participants from Austria and Germany filled in the questionnaires too, but questions about the implementation of the bioenergy villages are not relevant for these partners in the project and some of them did not fill in answers.

Asked for recommendations for the next study tour, the participants answered the following:

Focus of the study tour:

Concrete possibilities and examples for building the biomass power and heating plants and their profitability – financial comparison with other energy sources

Biomass district heating

Detailed costs of implementing and building the CHP

Financing models

Implementation process of the bioenergy village, especially the beginning/initiation of the process

Economics: e.g. assumptions, estimations, information collection and calculations in the beginning

Development of a bioenergy concept

Mostly on citizens, technologies, experts

Methodologic approach in setting up bioenergy villages

Organizational and financial concepts for established consortium of heating system project

Small scale sample of bioenergy villages

Financial concepts for of heating system project

Costs comparison of small and large scale systems

The stories behind succeeded cases, what was more important?


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Organisation of the study tour:

More detailed discussion with responsible persons from municipalities.

Provide free parking place for those who come by car.

Select a hotel with a better service, especially food.

Organization of a less busy agenda.

Different types of snacks, notebooks and pens for participants.

Good experience to stay in same hotel and rationale transfers with one bus.

Stakeholders presenting their projects:

Present more about the concrete problems and risks connected to the set-up of a bioenergy village

Involving local decision makers from bioenergy villages

The presenters shall not speak for too long and shall stick to the point.

Present also Pro’s and Con’s and how they found the best solution.

Operators of the systems should discuss troubles in working stage.

Present more in details the economic models that convince local population to participate in district heating.

Project types:

Combination of different renewables

First phase of building the CHP – experiences and examples

Small and medium scale biomass (below 1 MW)

Biomass heat and power plants (CHP)

Different ownership models

Small hydro-power, biomass (woodchips, briquettes, pellets), biogas, wind energy plants

Some very small scale cases for little villages

Difficulties to establish a bioenergy plant/village in a little village

Communication with other participants:

More time to have informal discussions and to get to know each other more

Exchange of experiences, ideas and vision between project partners and other participants

It would be good to create a group on Facebook to have better communication and current events related to the project.

What obstacles do we have in our countries and how to overcome them?

Extent of presentations / discussions:

Discussion between project partners and other participants on potential possibilities and strategies in their villages

Information on realisation during presentations and detailed technical data during on-site visits

What are direct results of the Biovill project that can be used in Pilot case, e.g. to convince local politicians and potential investors?

How to convince local investors?


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Summary

The first study tour of the Biovill project covered a wide range of applied technologies, of biomass feedstock and renewable energies, of legal forms, of initiating approaches and of operating models in the four visited bioenergy villages. Furthermore, the participants got an overview about key activities during all phases of the establishment of the bioenergy villages. Occurred bottlenecks and obstacles and applied solutions were presented and recommendations provided. Because different stakeholders reported from their specific perspectives, participants learnt about different facets of the establishment and management of bioenergy villages in Germany. Even if all visited bioenergy villages are embedded in the German framework conditions (energy prices, legal regulations and forms, investment and material costs, available know how and others), participants have received fundamental facts from best practices that they can use for the development of bioenergy villages in their own countries. In addition, the direct contacts with initiators of bioenergy villages and with formal and informal decision makers in the visited examples will help the partners in the target countries to receive more information and support, and thus to increase their knowledge, in particular regarding the “soft facts” of initiating a bioenergy village.

The study tour examples showed both similarities and differences between the best practice examples.

Basic similarities:

All representatives of the bioenergy villages stressed the high importance of the preparation process, of an open communication with decision makers and potential heat consumers as well as of the transparency in the complete process and in the heat price calculation.

Initiators of bioenergy villages should invest efforts to visit citizens at home, to organise meetings with citizens and to explain the whole process, the procedures, the calculation and sample contracts in the first stage.

A rough survey of the heat demand and of the interest of citizens to obtain heat from the local heating system is necessary already in the first stage of the project.

Involving experienced partners for the planning and implementation phase is strongly recommended.

Local heating networks are a core aspect for the implementation of bioenergy villages and for the use of renewables for heat generation.

All best practice examples were using market-proven technologies, to reduce the technical risks and uncertainties.

All visited bioenergy villages are based on a sound economic concept and the availability of sufficient regional biomass resources (wood chips, pellets, biogas, waste heat and others).

Additional advantages of district heating systems were communicated (very comfortable heat supply, no maintenance of the individual heating boiler required by the heat consumer, saved space in the heating cellars, etc.).

Back-up systems were established in all bioenergy villages (peak load boiler, connections for external heating boilers …) to ensure a continuous heat supply, and thus to convince the consumers of the security of the heating system.

Basic differences:

Active and engaged citizens established the bioenergy village by St. Peter themselves. On the other hand, an experienced company from the region (Solarcomplex AG) initiated the bioenergy villages in Büsingen and Bonndorf, and the public utility company (Stadtwerke Radolfzell) in Möggingen.

Therefore, the legal forms of the heat supplier range from an energy cooperative (Bürger Energie St. Peter e. G.), to a stock company using private funding of inhabitants of the region (Solarcomplex AG ) and to a public utility company (Stadtwerke Radolfzell).

The most important reason for involving a private company in Büsingen, Bonndorf and Möggingen for the planning and establishment of the bioenergy village was that the citizens did not had experience and knowledge about the relevant energy related regulations, the necessary economic calculations and the operation of the technical equipment. They also had not enough financial resources for the investments available. In contrary, the citizens of St. Peter assessed these facts completely different.


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The municipal council and the municipal administration were involved very actively (Büsingen, Bonndorf), otherwise the projects were set up more by the citizens (St. Peter) or by a private company (Möggingen).

Renewables only cover a high part of the local heat consumption (Bonndorf) whereas in the other villages also the electricity is integrated (electricity delivered from CHPs or wind turbines).

Since the process of developing a bioenergy village concept has started in the selected target villages, the next study tours will be even more focussed on the specific interests and information needs of the participants from the target villages in the partner countries. Recommendations already given in the participants evaluation form were very different, but the hosts of the next study tour will take them into consideration.

The major results of the study tour can be summarized as follows:

The first study tour was carried out very successfully. It was considered by the participants a very useful networking event and a first opportunity for the stakeholders of the partner villages to get a rough overview about existing best practice examples of bioenergy villages in Southwest Germany.

The BioVill project partners motivated many relevant stakeholders and decision makers from the selected partner villages to attend the study tour. All participants were very active and interested in the presented technologies and experiences.

The study tour was a great opportunity to gain know-how and lessons learnt from established German bioenergy villages and to discuss different perspectives with the representatives of the villages or the contractors

The representatives of the German bioenergy villages presented relevant obstacles, pitfalls and incentives during the establishment of the bioenergy villages, thus the participants got a first impression about the complexity of the process to plan, initiate and manage a bioenergy village.

Good practices that were presented in the study tour showed that initiating bioenergy villages needs many effort, very engaged stakeholders and suitable framework conditions.

The majority of the participants confirmed that they benefitted from participating in the study tour and that they will use the gained knowledge and information to implement the bioenergy villages in their own countries

FIRST STUDY TOUR FOR TARGET OUNTRY …biovill.eu/wp-project/uploads/2016/09/BioVill_D2.3_Report-on-study... · List of Figures ... Impressions of the visits at company “Adler”

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