First civis chapter one section one

The The Flowering Flowering of Early of Early

CivilizationsCivilizations

I.I. Before HistoryBefore History 1.1. Early Stages of Early Stages of

DevelopmentDevelopment::

A.A. Hominids in Africa Hominids in Africa eventually develop into eventually develop into homo sapiens sapiens.homo sapiens sapiens.

B.B. Neanderthals develop Neanderthals develop in Europe at the same in Europe at the same time but die out.time but die out.

1)1) Scientists Scientists believe our species may believe our species may have contributed to have contributed to their extinction.their extinction.

I.I. Before History:Before History: CC. 2 Theories of Human . 2 Theories of Human Migration:Migration:

1)1)Radiation Theory—Radiation Theory—hominids spread out from hominids spread out from Africa to other continents.Africa to other continents.

2)2)Parallel Theory—hominids Parallel Theory—hominids developed around the developed around the world at the same time. world at the same time.

II.II. The Hunter-Gathers of the The Hunter-Gathers of the Old Stone AgeOld Stone Age 1.1. Paleolithic Age Paleolithic Age

(2.5 million to (2.5 million to 10,000 BC)10,000 BC)

2.2. Humans used Humans used simple stone simple stone tools.tools.A. Not very A. Not very advanced.advanced.

3.3. Nomadic hunt Nomadic hunt and gathering and gathering societiessocieties..

III. The Neolithic III. The Neolithic RevolutionRevolution 1.1. Around 8000 BC. Around 8000 BC.

2.2. Systematic Agriculture Systematic Agriculture and domestication of and domestication of animalsanimalsA.A. Surplus of Food Surplus of Food occurs!!occurs!!

1)1) Hunting- Hunting-Gathering lessens in Gathering lessens in many communities.many communities.B.B. City-States emerge!! City-States emerge!!C.C. Division of Labor Division of Labor begins!!begins!!

III. The Neolithic RevolutionIII. The Neolithic Revolution3.3. City-States Develop (City and Government) City-States Develop (City and Government)

A.A. Cities need to water crops through Cities need to water crops through irrigation projects.irrigation projects.BB. Families emerge as leaders to organize . Families emerge as leaders to organize these projects.these projects.

1)1)These same families organize war on These same families organize war on other cities (or nomadic peoples) that other cities (or nomadic peoples) that compete for same natural resourcescompete for same natural resources

2)2) Over time, these same families Over time, these same families became the ruling elite. Patriarchy tends to became the ruling elite. Patriarchy tends to dominate most societies. dominate most societies.

III. The Neolithic III. The Neolithic Revolution: Revolution: 4.4. Division of Division of Labor (Social Structure)Labor (Social Structure)A.A.Different jobs Different jobs

performed by performed by different people.different people.1)1) Some jobs Some jobs become more become more important in important in people’s eyes than people’s eyes than others: priests, others: priests, soldiers, nobility.soldiers, nobility.

B.B. Slavery begins. Slavery begins.

III. The Neolithic III. The Neolithic Revolution: Revolution: B.B. Slavery Begins Slavery Begins

• Captives were Captives were sacrificed for religious sacrificed for religious purposes.purposes.

• The Egyptians and the The Egyptians and the Hebrews begin to use Hebrews begin to use captives as laborers; captives as laborers; hence farms become hence farms become bigger. bigger.

• Soon many cultures Soon many cultures begin replacing human begin replacing human sacrifice with slavery as sacrifice with slavery as a spoil of war. a spoil of war.

IV.IV. The Emergence of The Emergence of CivilizationCivilizationThe Six Most Important, Basic The Six Most Important, Basic Characteristics of Early Characteristics of Early CivilizationsCivilizations •CitiesCities

•GovernmentGovernment

•ReligionReligion

•Social StructureSocial Structure

•WritingWriting

•ArtArt

Another Fun Fact!!Another Fun Fact!!

• Cultures and Civilizations through Cultures and Civilizations through history have tended to be history have tended to be patriarchal.patriarchal.

• Why is this so? Why is this so?

• Why has this changed over time, Why has this changed over time, especially in the USA?especially in the USA?