FIRST AID Immediate care given to someone until help arrives. “Good Samaritan Law” You cannot be held responsible for causing further damage as long as.

FIRST AIDFIRST AIDImmediate care given to someone until help arrives.Immediate care given to someone until help arrives.

““Good Samaritan Law”Good Samaritan Law”

You cannot be held You cannot be held responsible for causing responsible for causing

further damage as long as further damage as long as you are acting in “Good you are acting in “Good

Faith”.Faith”.

When approaching a first aid situation, survey the When approaching a first aid situation, survey the area. Look for dangers to the victim and yourself. area. Look for dangers to the victim and yourself. Do not risk your own safety.Do not risk your own safety.

DO NOT MOVE---UNLESS--there is immediate DO NOT MOVE---UNLESS--there is immediate danger to the victim, or a different surface is danger to the victim, or a different surface is required. Further injury to head-neck-spinal is a required. Further injury to head-neck-spinal is a great concern.great concern.

Primary Survey

Secondary SurveySecondary Survey

Check vital signs and symptoms for a Check vital signs and symptoms for a more detailed evaluation of the injury.more detailed evaluation of the injury.

The prime concern is to maintain heart The prime concern is to maintain heart beat (ABC’s) and breathing function.beat (ABC’s) and breathing function.

Determine the seriousness of the injuryDetermine the seriousness of the injury Determine the type of first aid necessaryDetermine the type of first aid necessary

Secondary Survey Secondary Survey Recognizing the Vital SignsRecognizing the Vital Signs

Skin color: can quickly be used to Skin color: can quickly be used to identify medical emergencies.identify medical emergencies. Red skin = heatstroke, high blood Red skin = heatstroke, high blood

pressurepressure Pale skin = insufficient circulation, shock, Pale skin = insufficient circulation, shock,

hemorrage, heat exhaustion, or insulin hemorrage, heat exhaustion, or insulin shockshock

Blue/ Dark skin = poorly oxygenated blood Blue/ Dark skin = poorly oxygenated blood (airway obstruction or respiratory failure)(airway obstruction or respiratory failure)

Pulse: should be taken at the carotid Pulse: should be taken at the carotid artery or the radial artery with two artery or the radial artery with two fingers.fingers. Adult resting pulse 60-80Adult resting pulse 60-80 Child resting pulse 80-100Child resting pulse 80-100

Rapid and weak = shock, bleeding, diabetic Rapid and weak = shock, bleeding, diabetic coma, or heat exhaustion coma, or heat exhaustion

Rapid and strong = heat strokeRapid and strong = heat stroke Slow and strong = skull fracture or strokeSlow and strong = skull fracture or stroke No pulse = cardiac arrest or deathNo pulse = cardiac arrest or death http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KrLrmze

GQBc

BURNSBURNS

3 distinct levels of 3 distinct levels of burns can occur.burns can occur.

Cause pain, Cause pain, peeling, damage to peeling, damage to skin, pre-cancerous skin, pre-cancerous cell growth.cell growth.

Each level is Each level is different, different, prevention is key. prevention is key. Use of an SPF in Use of an SPF in adequate supply adequate supply and keeping skin and keeping skin covered.covered.

1ST DEGREE BURN1ST DEGREE BURN

Pour cool water over Pour cool water over the burnthe burn

Use burn creams or Use burn creams or spray’s, aloe. Wear spray’s, aloe. Wear loose clothing, get loose clothing, get plenty of water .plenty of water .

Use of an SPF in Use of an SPF in adequate supply and adequate supply and keeping skin keeping skin covered.covered.

QuickTime™ and a decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

2ND DEGREE BURN2ND DEGREE BURN

QuickTime™ and a decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

Cause blistering and peeling, very painful.

TREATMENT--keep covered, burn medicine, avoid rubbing and touching. Do not break the blister. Seek medical attention for infection

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ns1DPvXVO6I

3RD DEGREE BURN3RD DEGREE BURN

The most dangerous as this is The most dangerous as this is life threatening. Will cause life threatening. Will cause skin to become blackened, skin to become blackened, dead, nerve damage, high risk dead, nerve damage, high risk of infection, need medical of infection, need medical attention immediately.attention immediately.

TREATMENT--Get medical TREATMENT--Get medical attention quickly. Keep covered attention quickly. Keep covered with clean wrap, keep victim alert, with clean wrap, keep victim alert, avoid shock, keep comfortable and avoid shock, keep comfortable and warm as body temp will drop.warm as body temp will drop.

ABRASIONABRASIONCOMMONLY CALLED ROAD RASH/RUG BURNCOMMONLY CALLED ROAD RASH/RUG BURN

TREATMENTTREATMENT

Clean outer area with Clean outer area with clean material and clean clean material and clean water. Remove any water. Remove any objects that are easily objects that are easily removed. Avoid touching removed. Avoid touching or rubbing affected area. or rubbing affected area. Cover with clean material, Cover with clean material, immobilize area if possible. immobilize area if possible. Change wraps and clean Change wraps and clean as needed, seek medical as needed, seek medical attention for deep objects attention for deep objects and infection.and infection.

ChokingChoking Get behind the victimGet behind the victim Position hands between the chest and Position hands between the chest and

bellybelly Push in and up on the abdomenPush in and up on the abdomen Infant- 5 back blows, 5 chest thrusts, Infant- 5 back blows, 5 chest thrusts,

support the head and neck.support the head and neck. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F1WY_LR-cTchttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F1WY_LR-cTc http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?

feature=endscreen&v=unAWWFAB2Ek&NR=1feature=endscreen&v=unAWWFAB2Ek&NR=1

HOW TO STOP BLEEDINGHOW TO STOP BLEEDING

1ST--APPLY 1ST--APPLY DIRECT PRESSUREDIRECT PRESSURE TO THE WOUND. COVER TO THE WOUND. COVER WITH CLEAN MATERIAL, APPLY ENOUGH FORCE TO STOP WITH CLEAN MATERIAL, APPLY ENOUGH FORCE TO STOP BLEEDING.BLEEDING.•2ND--USE OF PRESSURE POINTS. FINDING THE ARTERY ABOVE THE INJURY, AND APPLY PRESSURE TO CONTROL BLEEDING.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gy0j-hwghAI

QuickTime™ and a decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

NOSE BLEEDNOSE BLEED1. Sit down, lean slightly forward and pinch the 1. Sit down, lean slightly forward and pinch the

nose for 10-30 minutesnose for 10-30 minutes ** 2. Do not tilt the head back!!!!!** 2. Do not tilt the head back!!!!! 3. If the nose does not stop bleeding after 30 3. If the nose does not stop bleeding after 30

minutes or appears broke seek medical care.minutes or appears broke seek medical care.

PUNCTURE WOUND (Nail, PUNCTURE WOUND (Nail, knife)knife)

TREATMENTTREATMENT Don’t remove any Don’t remove any

object. Make sure it object. Make sure it isn’t able to move isn’t able to move internally and cause internally and cause further damagefurther damage

Control bleeding.Control bleeding. Cover affected area Cover affected area

with clean material, with clean material, ice for swelling, seek ice for swelling, seek medical attention.medical attention.

TICKS, BEES, AND SPIDERSTICKS, BEES, AND SPIDERS

Allergic reactions to bees, tick Allergic reactions to bees, tick and spider bites can be very and spider bites can be very dangerous. People who are dangerous. People who are allergic should take every allergic should take every precaution as well as having precaution as well as having medicine with them at all medicine with them at all times.times.

Can cause extreme swelling, Can cause extreme swelling, discoloration of skin, rashes, discoloration of skin, rashes, blotches or boils to form, blotches or boils to form, dizziness, blurred vision, dizziness, blurred vision, shortness of breath, faint, can shortness of breath, faint, can lead to shock.lead to shock.

TREATMENTTREATMENT Get the victim their Get the victim their

medicine ASAP. Remove medicine ASAP. Remove the cause or the victim the cause or the victim from the threat.from the threat.

Seek medical attention.Seek medical attention.

Adminster Epi Pen or Adminster Epi Pen or other allergic shot if other allergic shot if availableavailable

POISONINGPOISONING When to call for help:When to call for help: Call 911 (or your local emergency number) immediately:Call 911 (or your local emergency number) immediately: ** Provide information about the person's symptoms and, if possible, ** Provide information about the person's symptoms and, if possible,

information about what he or she ingested, how much and when.information about what he or she ingested, how much and when.

What to do while waiting for help:What to do while waiting for help: If the person has been exposed to poisonous fumes, such as carbon If the person has been exposed to poisonous fumes, such as carbon

monoxide, get him or her into fresh air immediately. monoxide, get him or her into fresh air immediately. Follow treatment directions Follow treatment directions If the poison spilled on the person's clothing, skin or eyes, remove the If the poison spilled on the person's clothing, skin or eyes, remove the

clothing. Flush the skin or eyes with cool or lukewarm water by using a clothing. Flush the skin or eyes with cool or lukewarm water by using a shower for 20 minutes or until help arrives. shower for 20 minutes or until help arrives.

Take the poison container (or any pill bottles) with you to the hospital. Take the poison container (or any pill bottles) with you to the hospital. *** *** Don't induce vomiting. Don't induce vomiting.

MUSCLE SPRAIN/STRAINMUSCLE SPRAIN/STRAINhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=DH_rOC5gxr0v=DH_rOC5gxr0 An injury to the connective An injury to the connective

tissues, tendons and tissues, tendons and ligaments, in a joint.ligaments, in a joint.

Cause swelling, Cause swelling, discoloration, pain, little to discoloration, pain, little to no use of that area.no use of that area.

TREATMENTTREATMENT RICE– rest, ice the area, RICE– rest, ice the area,

compression on the area, compression on the area, elevate the injuryelevate the injury

Time is the best treatment.Time is the best treatment.

FRACTURESFRACTURESCOMMONLY CALLED A BROKEN BONECOMMONLY CALLED A BROKEN BONE

Usually the end result of some Usually the end result of some type of impact causing the type of impact causing the bone(s) to break.bone(s) to break.

Symptoms would include mild Symptoms would include mild discomfort to severe pain, discomfort to severe pain, swelling, discoloration, lack of swelling, discoloration, lack of mobility, internal and or mobility, internal and or external bleeding.external bleeding.

TREATMENTTREATMENT Immobilize the area to Immobilize the area to

prevent any further prevent any further movement of the movement of the affected area. If it is a affected area. If it is a weight bearing limb weight bearing limb create some type of create some type of crutch or splint to crutch or splint to prevent further prevent further damage. damage.

Control any bleeding, Control any bleeding, apply ice to control apply ice to control swelling. Seek medical swelling. Seek medical attention.attention.

HYPOTHERMIAHYPOTHERMIA

STATE OF REDUCED STATE OF REDUCED BODY TEMPERATURE, BODY TEMPERATURE, CAUSING THE BODY’S CAUSING THE BODY’S SYSTEMS TO BEGIN SYSTEMS TO BEGIN SHUT DOWN.SHUT DOWN.

CAN HAPPEN IN CAN HAPPEN IN VARIOUS COLD VARIOUS COLD TEMPERATURES, TEMPERATURES, ESPECIALLY WHEN ESPECIALLY WHEN WET.WET.

DRESS IN LAYERS, DRESS IN LAYERS, KEEP DRY, KEEP HEAD KEEP DRY, KEEP HEAD AND WRISTS COVERED.AND WRISTS COVERED.

BE PREPARED.BE PREPARED.

* GIVE THE VICTIM * GIVE THE VICTIM WARM, NOT HOT, WARM, NOT HOT, FLUIDS.FLUIDS.* REMOVE WET OR * REMOVE WET OR DAMP CLOTHINGDAMP CLOTHING

* GET THE VICTIM TO * GET THE VICTIM TO A WARM PLACE.A WARM PLACE.* KEEP THEM ALERT, * KEEP THEM ALERT, DON’T LET THEM DON’T LET THEM FALL ASLEEP.FALL ASLEEP.

FROSTBITEFROSTBITE

DAMAGE TO THE BODY DUE DAMAGE TO THE BODY DUE TO EXCESSIVE LOW TO EXCESSIVE LOW TEMPERATURES.TEMPERATURES.

CAUSING DISCOLORATION, CAUSING DISCOLORATION, PAIN, NUMBNESS.PAIN, NUMBNESS.

KEEP THE KEEP THE EXPOSED AREA EXPOSED AREA COVERED AND COVERED AND DRY.DRY.

DO NOT RUB.DO NOT RUB. GET MEDICAL GET MEDICAL

ATTENTION AS ATTENTION AS SOON AS POSSIBLESOON AS POSSIBLE

http://www.youtube.com/watch?NR=1&v=kZ85WHTIAl4&feature=endscreen

HEATHEAT

HEAT EXHAUSTION/STROKEHEAT EXHAUSTION/STROKE

Caused by long term exposure to an elevated temperature.Caused by long term exposure to an elevated temperature. Causing cramps, dehydration, dizziness.Causing cramps, dehydration, dizziness.

Get the victim in to a shady area, give cool fluids, apply damp Get the victim in to a shady area, give cool fluids, apply damp towels to head area to aid the cooling process.towels to head area to aid the cooling process.

Seek medical attention.Seek medical attention. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RFL0ioIkmRIhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RFL0ioIkmRI

CONCUSSIONCONCUSSION

The result of receiving a The result of receiving a blow to the cranium. What blow to the cranium. What happens is the brain is happens is the brain is forced to one side violently forced to one side violently causing the brain to causing the brain to bounce of the interior of bounce of the interior of the cranium.the cranium.

Causes varying degrees of Causes varying degrees of pain, nausea, dizziness, pain, nausea, dizziness, faint, blackout, slurred faint, blackout, slurred speech, blurred vision, speech, blurred vision, inability to stand.inability to stand.

Victim will appear “drunk” Victim will appear “drunk” or “out of it.”or “out of it.”

TREATMENTTREATMENT Keep the victim still and Keep the victim still and

calm, don’t allow them to calm, don’t allow them to stand up without aid and stand up without aid and attempt to move by self.attempt to move by self.

Try to keep the victim Try to keep the victim awake. If they do fall awake. If they do fall asleep, wake the victim asleep, wake the victim every 20-30 minutes to every 20-30 minutes to make sure they are make sure they are conscious.conscious.

Do not move until victim is Do not move until victim is alert and able to respond alert and able to respond and focus as normal.and focus as normal.

Hands Only CPRHands Only CPR

http://http://www.youtube.com/www.youtube.com/watch?watch?v=zSgmledxFe8&fev=zSgmledxFe8&feature=player_embature=player_embeddededded

1. Establish no 1. Establish no heart beartheart beart

2. Call 9112. Call 911 3. Position hands3. Position hands 4. Begin 4. Begin

compressionscompressions