First aid

First AidStella Maris School Jambi

February 13,2015

First AidIs an immediate care given to

a person who has been

injured or suddenly ill.

It include self-help and home

care if medical assistance is

not available or delayed.

Roles and Responsibilities

Bridge fills the gap between the patient and the

doctor.

Ensure safety of himself/herself and that of

bystanders.

Gain access to the victim.

Determine any threats to patient’s life.

Summon advance medical care as needed.

Provide needed care for the patient.

Record all finding and care to the patient.

Objectives of First Aid

To prevent further injury

To prolong life

To alleviate suffering

Characteristics of a Good First Aider

Gentle

Resourceful

Observant

Tactful

Empathy

Respectable

Basic Precautions and Practices

Personal Hygiene

Protective Equipment

Disinfecting

Medicine Kit

Human Anatomy

Guidelines in Giving Care

Plan of Action

Needed Materials

Remember Initial

Response

Instruction to Helpers

Ask help Intervene

Do no harm

Emergency Action Principles

Survey the

Scene

Do Primary Survey

Activate EMS

Do 2nd

Survey

Is the scene safe?

What happened? How

many are involved?

Check responsiveness

Protect spine

Check: Airway

Breathing

Circulation

Call help

Give info: what

happened, number of

injured civilians

Ask the victim’s

name

Assess the vital signs

Vital Signs

Pulse rate

Adult 60-90 bpm

Child 80-100bpm

Infant 100-

120bpm

Respiratory Rate

Adult 12-20bpm

Child 18-25bpm

Infant 25-35bpm

Determine the skin

appearance

Look at the face and

lips

Record the

appearance,

temperature and color

Do head-to-toe exam

Look for fracture,

burn, puncture,

deformity, abrasion

and contusion.

Compare the eyes if

dilated or constricted

Unequal pupil suggests

stroke or head injury

Heat stroke /

drug overdose

Blood loss or

shock

Head Injury /

stroke

Methods of Transfer

I. One-man carry/ assist

Assist to walk – conscious (short distance)

Carry in arms –lovers carry (long distance)

Piggy back carry (long distance)

Soft Tissue Injuries

Wound Is a break in the

continuity of a

tissue of the body

either internal or

external.

Closed wound

Blunt object

result in

contusion or

bruises

Application of

external forces

(punctured)

Signs and Symptoms

Pain and tenderness

Swelling

Discoloration / bruises

Uncontrolled

restlessness

Thirst

Shock

Vomiting or cough –up

blood (internal)

Blood in the urine or

feces

Blood along the

mouth, nose or ear

canal

First Aid Management

P

R

I

C

E

S

- rotect

- est

- ce

application

/warm

- ompress

- levate

- plint

First Aid with Severe Bleeding

C

Control

bleeding

Cover

the

wound

Consult

Physician Care for

shock

Wound with bleeding not severe

(Home Care)

Clean the wound with soap and

water

Apply mild antiseptics

Cover wound with dressing and

bandage

BurnsIs an injury involving the

skin, bones, muscles,

nerves and blood vessels

Thermal – contact with fire, hot

objects, steams or hot liquids.

Chemical – will continue to cause

tissue destruction until chemical

agent is removed.

Electrical – severity from exposure

to electrical current.

Care for Burns:

• Remove from the

source of burns.

• Immerse in cold

water.

• Cover with non-

sticking sterile

dressing.

For chemical:

• Immediately

remove the

chemical by

flushing with

water.

For electrical

• Unplug or disconnect

the power source.

• Check ABC

• Seek medical

attention.

Bandaging

technique

Narro

w

Cravat

Open

phase

Broad Cravat

Apex

Side

Side

tail

Thank You!

Reference:

Philippine

Red Cross

Manual