FireSafety.ppt

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THEME

• What is important from the point of view of fire safety is how one interprets these properties. Thorough knowledge is essential to understand such properties, and their practical implications.

• In view of the large number of flammable/explosive chemicals being handled and used by a wide spectrum of industries, this knowledge is a basic safety requirement today.

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WHAT IS FIRE

• A FIRE is voluntarily advancing process:

combustion of one or more inflammable materials & releasing energy

• Fire is a chemical reaction between oxygen and carbon (or even hydrogen and carbon) in which heat and light energies are also released.

• combination which may be defined as a chemical reaction of rapid oxidation accompanied with evolution of light & heat.

FUEL + HEAT ENERGY + OXYGEN/ AIR = FIRE

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FIRE TRIANGLE

• THREE BASIC ELEMENTS - PRODUCTING FIRE:

• Presence of FUEL VAPOUR

• Presence of OXYGEN

• Presence of HEAT/ SOURCE OF IGNITION

• THIS COMBINATION CAUSING COMBUSTION IS REFERRED AS FIRE TRIANGLE AND ILLUSTRATED IN ADJOINING FIGURE.

FIRE TRIANGLE

AIR/OXYGEN FUEL

IGNITION SOURCE / TEMPERATURE /HEAT

CHEMISTRY OF FIRECHEMISTRY OF FIRE

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HOW TO EXTINGUISH A FIRE

• There are three fire extinguishing methods :

• Starvation :- by removing fuel from fire.

- By cutting of fuel supply [ Most effective for gas fire ]

• Smothering :- blanketing of fuel by coating material, - by inserting of gas, steam/vaporizing liquid

• Cooling : -natural cooling ( water spray is the most commonly used)

[ effective for oxidizing chemicals, tank fires, etc.,]

• Breaking chain reaction – fourth method

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CLASSIFICATION OF FIRECLASSIFICATION OF FIRE

• Class A Fires. Fires in ordinary combustible materials, such as wood, cloth, paper,

rubber, and many plastics.

• Class B Fires. Fires in flammable liquids, combustible liquids, petroleum greases, oils,

oil-based paints, solvents, and

flammable gases.

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• Class C Fires. Fires that involve GAS & energized electrical equipment where the electrical non conductivity of the

extinguishing media is of importance. (When electrical

equipment is de-energized, fire extinguishers for Class A or Class B fires can be used safely.)

• Class D Fires. Fires in combustible metals, such as magnesium, titanium, sodium,

and potassium.

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Classes of Fires

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Classes of Fires

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CLASSIFICATIONCLASSIFICATION OF FIRES & OF FIRES & SUITABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERSSUITABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

Classification Coding Material Extinguisher to be used

Wood, rubber,

cloths, paper etc..

Water type / Soda Acid extinguishers

Flammable liquid & solids

Foam, CO2, DCP

Flammable

Gases & EElectric Fire

CO2 & DCP

Metal fire (Mg. Na)

Special DCP

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FIRE EXTINGUISHER

Types of Fire Extinguisher:1) DCP Extinguisher• DCP Extinguisher is of 5 kg & 10 kg capacity gas

cartridge type, and of 25 & 50 kg capacity trolley mounted type.

• This type of Extinguisher is suitable for Class B,C &D

• DCP Extinguisher contains sodium bi carbonate as extinguisher media. (white colour)

• Duration time is around 1 min.

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FIRE EXTINGUISHER

2) C02 Extinguisher

• CO2 Extinguisher is of 2.0 kg, 4.5 kg & 9 kg capacity and of 22.5 kg capacity trolley mounted type.

• This type of Extinguisher is suitable for Class B & C

• CO2 Extinguisher contains Carbon Di-oxide as extinguisher media.

• Duration time is around 25 to 60 sec..

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FIRE EXTINGUISHER

3) ABC Extinguisher

• Generally available in 5Kg• This type of Extinguisher is suitable for

Class A, B & C

• Nitrogen Gas is filled at 15 kg/cm2

pressure on Light Yellow DCP.

• Duration time is around 45 to 60 sec..

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FIRE EXTINGUISHER

4) Mechanical Foam Type

• Generally available in 9 lit & 50 lit• This type of Extinguisher is suitable for

Class B. Synthetic Foam is filled in it.

• CO2 Gas Cartridge is fitted for operation.

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HOW TO USE FIRE EXTINGUISHER

Pull the pin

This will allow you to squeeze the handle in order

to discharge the extinguisher

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HOW TO USE FIRE EXTINGUISHER

Aim at the base of the fire

Aiming at the middle will do no good.

The agent will pass through the flames.

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HOW TO USE FIRE EXTINGUISHER

Squeeze the handle

This will release the pressurized

extinguishing agent

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HOW TO USE FIRE EXTINGUISHER

Sweep side to side

Cover the entire area that is on fire. Continue

until fire is extinguished. Keep an

eye on the area for

re-lighting.

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KEY POINTS

FLASH POINT :• Flash point is the minimum temperature at which

sufficient vapor given a momentary flash in presence of air

AUTO IGNITION TEMPERATURE:• It the lowest temperature at which material begins to

burn with out heat in presence of air

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Fire Hazards at our Plant

• FO Storage Tank• Melting Furnace & Molten Metal• Welding Operation• Gas Cutting Operation• Short-Circuits• Diesel Drums• Oil Spillage• LPG Cylinder

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We have total 123 Fire Extinguishers

•Water / CO2 Type – (9 lit) : 02

•Mechanical Foam Type (9 lit) : 04

•Mechanical Foam Type(50 lit) : 03

•CO2 Type (2 Kg) : 06

•CO2 Type (4.5 Kg) : 27

•DCP Type (5 Kg) : 73

•DCP Type (10 Kg) : 04

•ABC Type (5 Kg) : 04

Fire protection & prevention

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Precaution at the time of Fire Fighting

• Extinguishing agent eliminates one of the vital elements of the fire

• Many types of extinguishers available

• Know location of extinguishers

• Alarm has been sounded

• Building has been evacuated

• Fire is small and confined

• You can fight the fire with your back toward an escape route

• The extinguisher matches the fire type

• The extinguisher works effectively

• You are properly trained in the use of the extinguisher

• You are confident you can put the fire out

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Personal hazards

• Smoke and noxious fumes

• Smoke and fumes cause unconsciousness

• Death may result

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