Fire Response Training For KTDA

Fire Response TrainingFire Response TrainingFor KTDAFor KTDA

Vision Plaza, Mombasa Road, Suite 8A, 3rd Floor. Tel: 828163, Fax: 828165 P.O. Box 51573–00200 City Square, NAIROBI. Email: [email protected];

Website: www.dataline.co.ke

Training ObjectivesTraining Objectives

To create awareness about fireTo create awareness about fire Sensitization on fire prevention, Sensitization on fire prevention,

protective measures and equipmentsprotective measures and equipments To impart knowledge on how to To impart knowledge on how to

respond in case of a fire emergencyrespond in case of a fire emergency Demonstration and practical usage of Demonstration and practical usage of

fire fighting equipmentfire fighting equipment

Some consequences of Some consequences of firefire

Injury or death of employeeInjury or death of employee Loss of plant, product and/or informationLoss of plant, product and/or information Disruption to production and supply of Disruption to production and supply of

goodsgoods Management time lostManagement time lost Investigation/enforcement by authoritiesInvestigation/enforcement by authorities Prosecution/fines and increased premiumsProsecution/fines and increased premiums Damage to the environmentDamage to the environment Community concernsCommunity concerns

Law/LegislationLaw/Legislation

Occupational Safety and Health Act, 2007Occupational Safety and Health Act, 2007 Fire Risk Reduction Rules, 2007. L.N. No. 59Fire Risk Reduction Rules, 2007. L.N. No. 59

o Gazetted in May, 2007Gazetted in May, 2007 Apply in every workplaceApply in every workplace Provision of fire escape exits, control of Provision of fire escape exits, control of

smoke, means of evacuationsmoke, means of evacuation Formation of Fire Fighting TeamsFormation of Fire Fighting Teams Functions of Fire Fighting TeamsFunctions of Fire Fighting Teams Training in Fire SafetyTraining in Fire Safety

FireFire

What is Fire?What is Fire?

Fire…..Fire…..

Chemistry of combustionChemistry of combustion Fire is matter composed of three Fire is matter composed of three

elements where heat and light are elements where heat and light are evolvedevolved

o A heat source – the ignition sourceA heat source – the ignition sourceo Fuel – to feed it (combustible Fuel – to feed it (combustible

material eg wood plastics, paper material eg wood plastics, paper etc)etc)

o Oxygen – to keep it burningOxygen – to keep it burning

The Fire TriangleThe Fire Triangle

MEANING AND DEFINITION OF MEANING AND DEFINITION OF

ELEMENTSELEMENTS OxygenOxygen

This is the air in the atmosphere and only This is the air in the atmosphere and only 16% out of 21 % is required to support 16% out of 21 % is required to support Combustion.Combustion.

Ignition temperatureIgnition temperature This is the degree of heat capable of igniting This is the degree of heat capable of igniting

a fuel.a fuel. FuelFuel

Fuel in fire terms is anything that would burn Fuel in fire terms is anything that would burn either in solid, liquid or in gaseous form.either in solid, liquid or in gaseous form.

Fuel Exists In Three States of Fuel Exists In Three States of MatterMatter Solid – Charcoal, coal, wood, paper, Solid – Charcoal, coal, wood, paper,

cloth, wax etccloth, wax etc Liquid – gasoline, kerosene, Liquid – gasoline, kerosene,

turpentine, paints etcturpentine, paints etc Gases - natural gas, propane, Gases - natural gas, propane,

butane, hydrogen, acetylene, butane, hydrogen, acetylene, carbon monoxide, etccarbon monoxide, etc

FLASHPOINTFLASHPOINT

This is the lowest temperature at This is the lowest temperature at which a fuel would burn and give off which a fuel would burn and give off vapour which mixes with oxygen to vapour which mixes with oxygen to form an inflammable mixture.form an inflammable mixture.

Petrol Petrol - - -40-4000FF Paraffin Paraffin -- 10210200FF Diesel Diesel -- 17117100F F Industrial keroseneIndustrial kerosene -- 70.0270.0200FF

CLASSES OF FIRECLASSES OF FIRE

Class A - Ordinary materialsClass A - Ordinary materials paper, wood etc. paper, wood etc. Extinguisher in use – water type Extinguisher in use – water type

Class B - Liquid fireClass B - Liquid fire Use foam type or use (D.C.P) but there Use foam type or use (D.C.P) but there

is danger of flashback. is danger of flashback. Class C - Gaseous fireClass C - Gaseous fire

Use Use COCO22 extinguishers extinguishers

CLASSES OF FIRE …..CLASSES OF FIRE ….. Class D - Special MetalsClass D - Special Metals

i.e. Magnesium, uranium, titanium, etc.i.e. Magnesium, uranium, titanium, etc. Use special D.C.P ( MX & MLX)Use special D.C.P ( MX & MLX)

These special D.C.P are in crystal form or These special D.C.P are in crystal form or pebbles. Use protective clothes or gears.pebbles. Use protective clothes or gears.

Class E - involve fire with energized electrical Class E - involve fire with energized electrical equipment i.e. Boilers, Motors, Dynamos e.t.c.equipment i.e. Boilers, Motors, Dynamos e.t.c.

Class F - Deep fryer Class F - Deep fryer Use wet Chemical with color code yellowUse wet Chemical with color code yellow

CAUSES OF FIRE CAUSES OF FIRE

Static electricityStatic electricity Flammable liquids and chemicalsFlammable liquids and chemicals SmokingSmoking Welding and cuttingWelding and cutting ArsonArson Mechanical sparksMechanical sparks Hot surfacesHot surfaces Human ErrorHuman Error

Other causesOther causes Most of the fires are caused by Most of the fires are caused by

people who fail to guard against the people who fail to guard against the following hazardsfollowing hazards Open flamesOpen flames Electrical equipmentElectrical equipment Spontaneous ignition Spontaneous ignition FrictionFriction Portable heatersPortable heaters

Portable Fire Portable Fire ExtinguishersExtinguishers

Water type - pressurized at 14 bars, 9 Water type - pressurized at 14 bars, 9 Lt., Colour code RedLt., Colour code Red

Foam type – pressured at 14 bars, 9 Lt., Foam type – pressured at 14 bars, 9 Lt., Colour code Cream (foam + water)Colour code Cream (foam + water)

D.C.P - pressurized at 14 bars, 9 kg, D.C.P - pressurized at 14 bars, 9 kg, Colour code – Blue (powder properties)Colour code – Blue (powder properties)

Carbon Dioxide (COCarbon Dioxide (CO22) Compressed gas; ) Compressed gas; 9Kg; Black coded. 9Kg; Black coded.

Trolley fire extinguishers, various sizesTrolley fire extinguishers, various sizes Fire blankets - various sizes old and new, Fire blankets - various sizes old and new,

depending on technology.depending on technology.

METHODS OF FIRE METHODS OF FIRE EXTINGUISHMENTEXTINGUISHMENT

Smothering or BlanketingSmothering or Blanketing Removal of oxygen in burning fuel. Use Removal of oxygen in burning fuel. Use

foam or Aluminum blanketsfoam or Aluminum blankets Starvation MethodStarvation Method

Use of D.C.P, isolated fuel or shut down gas Use of D.C.P, isolated fuel or shut down gas and other supplies.and other supplies.

CoolingCooling Use the water type extinguishers to cool hot Use the water type extinguishers to cool hot

surfaces.surfaces.

How to use fire How to use fire extinguishersextinguishers

Remove the extinguisher from wall bracket Remove the extinguisher from wall bracket depending on class of fire.depending on class of fire.

Hold the extinguisher properly Hold the extinguisher properly Operate the extinguisher properly.Operate the extinguisher properly. Stand at a safe distance to avoid radiated Stand at a safe distance to avoid radiated

heat.heat. Fight fire upwind – check smoke and wind Fight fire upwind – check smoke and wind

direction.direction. Direct jet of extinguisher at the base or at Direct jet of extinguisher at the base or at

the seat of fire the seat of fire

If Situation If Situation Deteriorates.. Deteriorates..

Sound the alarm for help and alert Sound the alarm for help and alert others others

Seek help, and if no alarm, shout Seek help, and if no alarm, shout FIRE, FIRE.FIRE, FIRE.

EVACUATE the room or building.EVACUATE the room or building. Close doors and windows if you find Close doors and windows if you find

time but do not lock them (Why?)time but do not lock them (Why?) Inform the relevant authorityInform the relevant authority

Electrical source firesElectrical source fires

Isolate the current supply Isolate the current supply before attacking the fire.before attacking the fire.

Radios, TV sets Radios, TV sets Do not switch them off.Do not switch them off. Shut off the plug, pull from Shut off the plug, pull from

the socket.the socket. Do not touch the setsDo not touch the sets

IN AN EMERGENCYIN AN EMERGENCY

Evacuate the building in an orderly Evacuate the building in an orderly manner.manner.

Do not use liftsDo not use lifts Do not stop to collect personal Do not stop to collect personal

belongingsbelongings Assemble at designated area or pointAssemble at designated area or point Do not re-enter the building until Do not re-enter the building until

authorized to do so. authorized to do so.

PERMANENT PERMANENT INSTALLATIONS: HIGH-RISE INSTALLATIONS: HIGH-RISE

BUILDINGBUILDING HydrantsHydrants Landing ValvesLanding Valves Dry and wet risers hydrantsDry and wet risers hydrants Hose reelsHose reels Fire hose – break glass boxesFire hose – break glass boxes DrenchersDrenchers Pressure pumps – (Boosters)Pressure pumps – (Boosters) Sprinkler systems Sprinkler systems

PERMANENT PERMANENT INSTALLATIONS: HIGH-RISE INSTALLATIONS: HIGH-RISE

BUILDING contd.BUILDING contd. Fire DetectorsFire Detectors Heat DetectorsHeat Detectors Smoke DetectorsSmoke Detectors Alarm DetectorsAlarm Detectors Total flood DCP and Foam Systems (IT Total flood DCP and Foam Systems (IT

Rooms)Rooms) F Two thousand systemF Two thousand system

PERMANENT PERMANENT INSTALLATIONS: HIGH-RISE INSTALLATIONS: HIGH-RISE

BUILDING contd.BUILDING contd. Alarm panel – fire instructorAlarm panel – fire instructor Break glass panel - fire instructor give Break glass panel - fire instructor give

exampleexample How everyone can learn about fire How everyone can learn about fire To make sure that safety is observedTo make sure that safety is observed How to train each employeeHow to train each employee To safeguard my companyTo safeguard my company

FIRE SAFETY VIDEO AND FIRE SAFETY VIDEO AND DEMONSTRATIONS ON FIRE DEMONSTRATIONS ON FIRE

FIGHTING EQUIPMENT USAGEFIGHTING EQUIPMENT USAGE