Fire. Entrance Question List 5 uses of FIRE List and describe 3 different types of fires.

Fire

Entrance Question

• List 5 uses of FIRE

• List and describe 3 different types of fires.

The three components of fire

• Fuel

• Heat

• Oxygen

Fuel

• Wood provides the fuel in campfires. The key is to have the correct size fuel for the amount of heat available. (You can’t light a 4 inch round stick of wood with a match.)

Heat

• Heat ignites the fuel and must be balanced with it. Large fuel will not ignite until the heat of the fire rises to a suitable temperature to thoroughly heat the wood. There is usually water vapor close to the ground. The fire should be ignited a few inches above ground level.

Oxygen

• There must be room for oxygen. Allow for ample air circulation and arrange the fuel so that oxygen can get to the fire.

Materials in Fire construction

• Tinder

• Kindling

• Fuel

Tinder

• Fine, flammable material which will ignite from the heat of a match.

• Birch bark (collected from the ground), pine pitch or spruce pitch, and fine twigs.

• If the group must depend on fires it is important to have a plastic bag of these materials for a rainy day

Kindling

• Small diameter branches (3/4” or less) or split wood which will ignite from the tinder

• Softwood such as pine, spruce and cedar are very suitable for kindling.

Fuel

• Firewood which provides coals and uniform heat for cooking.

• Hardwoods such as maple, birch, hickory and apple do an admirable job of providing good coals for cooking.

• Only collect wood that is already down. Collect enough to maintain your fire. Collect wood of different sizes.

Lighting the Fire• Don’t be afraid to use paper if it’s available.• Remember that heat rises, so when striking a

match, try to hold the lit end higher than the rest of the match.

• Light the fire upwind so the heat generated will be blown towards the fire and not away from it.

• Homemade or commercial fire starters made from paraffin and paper can be carried for lighting fires in moist or emergency conditions.

Location of a fire

• Sheltered from the wind• Away from trees and roots• Away from overhanging trees• Surrounded with rocks/dig a hole• Clear leaves and twigs• Proximity of your shelter• Proximity to water source

Uses for Fire

• Warmth • Feel protected (Comfort) • Cooking• Purify water• Dry clothing• Smoke signals• Repel insects• Torches

Laying a Fire

• Plan where you will light it – leave an opening to reach the tinder

• Light the upwind side so the wind blows the flame into the fuel

• Leave air space between pieces of wood• Build UP not OUT

Teepee Fire

• Easy to light• Fast Flame• Used for boiling H2O

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lp7IWWgkxN4

Log Cabin fire

• Popular for beginners• Makes good coals• Lighting can be a

challenge

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mhPvvpFCVtg

Lean-To Fire

• Keeps air space open• Light wind really helps

when starting

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dHRCwaxjb24

Council Fire

• Burns hot and bright for long period of time

• Takes bigger logs• Use for entertaining

large crowds

Hunters Fire

• Good for cooking• V Shape• Not used for

entertaining or warmth

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7wSAvHBwDoo

Newspaper Article

1. Find a fire related picture2. Create a title for your article3. Write a newspaper article describing your photo4. Be sure to answer the following

WhoWhatWhenWhereWhy

Make sure you provide lots of details, you may also include quotes. Remember to GRAB your readers attention!

Rubric1 2 3 4

Photo Not included Included

Title Not included Included but doest grab the readers attention

Included and grabs readers attention

Who Not included Minimal info Acceptable info

What Not included Minimal info Acceptable info

Where Not included Minimal info Acceptable info

When Not included Minimal info Acceptable info

Why Not included Minimal info Acceptable info

Total value 20

Map Scale

• The scale of a map is the ratio of a distance on the map to the corresponding distance on the ground.

• Ratio 1:10,000 • Fraction 1/10,000

Large Scale

A large scale map of Long Reef Point from a 1:25 000 map. Large scale maps have a RF (ratio fraction) of 1:50,000 or greater

Small Scale

A small scale map of Long Reef Point taken from a 1: 100 000 map

Quiz

• 1. 1:50,000

• 2. 1: 250,000

• 3. 1:100,000

• 4. 1:10,000

• 5. 1:6,000