Fire Department History. Firefighting Firefighting One of worlds most honored occupations and one of the most dangerous. Department Duty Department Duty.

Fire Department HistoryFire Department History

Fire Department HistoryFire Department History

FirefightingFirefightingOne of worlds One of worlds

most honored most honored occupations and occupations and one of one of the most the most dangerous.dangerous.

Department DutyDepartment Duty-Life Safety-Life Safety

-Incident Stabilization-Incident Stabilization

-Property -Property ConservationConservation

Fire Department HistoryFire Department History

Old World and North America citizens Old World and North America citizens kept: kept: containers of water containers of water ladder to reach the roofladder to reach the roof

Bucket brigades used to put out firesBucket brigades used to put out fires Pilgrims brought firefighting methods Pilgrims brought firefighting methods

to North Americato North America

Fire Department HistoryFire Department History

Industrial Revolution affected textile Industrial Revolution affected textile and steel industriesand steel industries Textile mills had catastrophic firesTextile mills had catastrophic fires Iron and steel industries produced Iron and steel industries produced

firefighting tools and equipment, firefighting tools and equipment, especially pumping apparatusespecially pumping apparatus

Fire Department HistoryFire Department History

Cities and towns organized fire Cities and towns organized fire companies and fire departmentscompanies and fire departments Groups protected cities and townsGroups protected cities and towns Benjamin Franklin Benjamin Franklin

Organized one of the first groupsOrganized one of the first groups Founded first fire insurance companyFounded first fire insurance company

Fire Department HistoryFire Department History

Cities and towns organized fire Cities and towns organized fire companies and fire departmentscompanies and fire departments Groups were made up of military Groups were made up of military

organizations and adopted rank organizations and adopted rank structurestructure

Then, as today, majority of firefighters in Then, as today, majority of firefighters in North America were North America were volunteersvolunteers

Evolved into today’s fire departmentsEvolved into today’s fire departments

3 Categories of Firefighters3 Categories of Firefighters

Career Career (salaried firefighters)(salaried firefighters)

Paid On Call Paid On Call (receive reimbursement (receive reimbursement for each run made)for each run made)

Volunteer Volunteer (receive no compensation)(receive no compensation)

Fire Dept. One of First Entities Fire Dept. One of First Entities Called During EmergencyCalled During Emergency

FiresFires Cave-InsCave-Ins Building CollapsesBuilding Collapses Auto AccidentsAuto Accidents Aircraft CrashesAircraft Crashes Natural DisastersNatural Disasters Hazardous Materials IncidentsHazardous Materials Incidents Civil DisturbancesCivil Disturbances Rescue OperationsRescue Operations ExplosionsExplosions Water IncidentsWater Incidents Medical EmergenciesMedical Emergencies

Fire Department HistoryFire Department History

Necessary characteristics and Necessary characteristics and behaviorsbehaviors IntegrityIntegrity Moral characterMoral character Work ethicWork ethic Pride Pride CourageCourage

Fire Department Fire Department OrganizationOrganization

An organizational An organizational chart shows the chart shows the structure of the structure of the department and its department and its chain of commandchain of command

Chief

Assistant Chief

Captain

Lieutenant Lieutenant

Firefighters

Chain of CommandChain of Command

Pathway of responsibility from the Pathway of responsibility from the highest level of the department to highest level of the department to the lowest.the lowest.

Firefighters should be aware of four basic Firefighters should be aware of four basic organizational principles in order to operate organizational principles in order to operate

effectively as a team membereffectively as a team member

– Unity of CommandUnity of Command

– Span of ControlSpan of Control

– Division of LaborDivision of Labor

– DisciplineDiscipline

Unity of CommandUnity of Command

The principle that a person can report to only one supervisor. Directly, each subordinate reports to

one boss Indirectly, everyone reports to the fire

chief through the chain of command.

Span of ControlSpan of Control

The number of personnel one individual can effectively manage. Rule of thumb is that an officer can

directly supervise 3 to 7 firefighters effectively

This number can change depending on the situation with which the officer is faced

Division of LaborDivision of Labor

Dividing large jobs into small jobs. These small jobs are then assigned to specific individuals.

Division of labor is necessary for the following reasons: To assign responsibility To prevent duplication of effort To make specific and clear cut

assignments

DisciplineDiscipline

Purposes of discipline in a fire department Educate and train Correct inappropriate behavior Positive motivation Ensure compliance Provide direction

Standard Operating Unit of the Fire ServiceStandard Operating Unit of the Fire Service

Engine CompanyEngine Company

Engine company — Deploys hoselines for fire attack and exposure protection

Truck CompanyTruck Company

Truck company — Performs forcible entry, search and rescue, ventilation, salvage and overhaul, provides access to upper levels

Rescue CompanyRescue Company

Rescue/squad company — Removal of victims from areas of danger or entrapment

Brush CompanyBrush Company

Brush company — Extinguishes wildland fires and protects structures in wildland/urban interface

Haz-Mat CompanyHaz-Mat Company

Hazardous materials company — Responds to and mitigates hazardous materials incidents

EMS / Specialized RescueEMS / Specialized Rescue

Emergency medical/ambulance company — Provides emergency medical care to patients

Special rescue company — Responds to and performs technical rescue

Fire Company ContinuedFire Company Continued

A company consists of: Company Officer(s) Driver / Operator(s) One or more firefighters

To Perform effectively, a firefighter must To Perform effectively, a firefighter must have certain knowledge and skills including:have certain knowledge and skills including:

Meet the requirements of National Fire Protection Meet the requirements of National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Standard 1001, (Association (NFPA) Standard 1001, (Standard for Firefighter Standard for Firefighter Professional Qualifications.Professional Qualifications.

Know department organization, operation and Know department organization, operation and Standard Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) / Standard Operating Operating Procedures (SOP) / Standard Operating Guidelines (SOG).Guidelines (SOG).

Know the district or city street system and physical layoutKnow the district or city street system and physical layout

Meet minimum health and physical fitness standardsMeet minimum health and physical fitness standards

Emergency Medical ServicesEmergency Medical Services

If fire department personnel do not provide EMS or medical transportation, they should develop a relationship with those who do

Firefighters must have appropriate level of first-aid training

Interacting with other Interacting with other organizationsorganizations

Emergency Medical Services (EMS)Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Depending on the set-up of your dept & Depending on the set-up of your dept &

your SOP’s, firefighting personnel must your SOP’s, firefighting personnel must work very closely with EMS personnel.work very closely with EMS personnel.

Many FF’s are also EMS trained & Many FF’s are also EMS trained & perform both functions.perform both functions.

HospitalsHospitals During special incidents, hospital During special incidents, hospital

personnel may be called to the scene.personnel may be called to the scene.

Utility CompaniesUtility Companies

Many incidents Many incidents involve utility involve utility providers providers (electricity, natural (electricity, natural gas, and water) so gas, and water) so fire personnel must fire personnel must have a good have a good working working relationshiprelationship

Interaction with MediaInteraction with Media

NIMS-ICS includes a Public Information Officer for dealing with the media

Students should not make comments or express opinions; refer to PIO

Can play an important role in delivery of news based on an incident

Other InteractionsOther Interactions

Any possible contacts should be identified and a relationship establishedExamples: Public health departments, coroner/medical examiner’s officers, EPA

Fire Department Fire Department RegulationsRegulations

Policy — A guide to decision making within an organization

Procedure — Describes in writing the steps to be followed Order Directive

Fire Department Fire Department RegulationsRegulations

Order — Based upon a policy or procedure; compliance is mandatory

Directive — Not based upon a policy or procedure; a request or suggestion

Standard Operating Standard Operating ProceduresProcedures

Provide a standard set of actions that are the Provide a standard set of actions that are the core of every firefighting incident plan.core of every firefighting incident plan.

May vary considerably in different localities, but May vary considerably in different localities, but the principle is usually the samethe principle is usually the same

Should follow the most commonly accepted order Should follow the most commonly accepted order of fireground prioritiesof fireground priorities Life SafetyLife Safety Incident StabilizationIncident Stabilization Property ConservationProperty Conservation

Lessen confusion of fire sceneLessen confusion of fire scene

Safety is a top priority when designing Safety is a top priority when designing SOP’sSOP’s

SOP’s should be applied to all situations, SOP’s should be applied to all situations, including medical responses.including medical responses.

Standard Operating ProceduresStandard Operating Procedures

Watch this video, this Watch this video, this is why we have SOP’sis why we have SOP’s

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8f66tK0rByI

Firefighter SafetyFirefighter Safety

Firefighting is one of the worlds most Firefighting is one of the worlds most dangerous jobs & accidents in this dangerous jobs & accidents in this profession can result in costly losses.profession can result in costly losses.

In order to prevent these losses, it is In order to prevent these losses, it is necessary to prevent the accidents necessary to prevent the accidents that cause them.that cause them.

Reducing accidents will save lives & Reducing accidents will save lives & money.money.

SummarySummary

The fire service has a long and proud history of protecting communities. Today’s fire service often performs functions such as emergency medical services, technical rescues, and hazardous materials mitigation.

SummarySummary

Firefighters must have certain aptitudes and capabilities. The job of firefighter required dedication and hard work but it is also rewarding.

You may notice we skipped the You may notice we skipped the Incident Management Portion of this Incident Management Portion of this

Chapter. Chapter. You will have an entire class covering You will have an entire class covering

ICS.ICS.