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FIRE CODE
OF THEPHILIPPINES
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PART 1
PRESIDENTIAL DECREE 1185FIRE CODE
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DEFINITION OF TERMS
ABATEMENT- Remove/neutralize fire hazardADMINISTRATOR
- Agent of the owner; manages the buildingBLASTING AGENT
- Fuel + Oxidizer used to set off explosivesCELLULOSE NITRATE/NITRO CELLULOSE
- Highly combustible/explosive cmpd. (nitric aid + cellulose)CELLULOSE NITRATE PLASTIC (PYROXYLIN)
- Any plastic substance with cellulose nitateCOMBUSTIBLE, FLAMMABLE OR INFLAMMABLE
- Materials easily set on fireCOMBUSTIBLE FIBER
- Free burning fiber (cotton, oakum, hay, straw, etc.)
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COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID
- Liquid w/ flash pt. ^37.8 deg.C (100deg.F)CORROSIVE LIQUID
- Liquid w/c causes fire when in contact w/ organic matter/chemicalsCURTAIN BOARD- Vertical panel of non-combustible/fire-resistive materials attached
and extending below the bottom chord of roof trusses; divide theunderside of the roof to several compartments so that heat and
smoke will be directed upwards to a roof vent.CRYOGENIC- Any material w/c produces rapid drop of temperature to its
immediate surroundings.DAMPER
- Device installed inside an airduct w/c automatically closes to restrictsmoke or fire.
DISTILLATION
- Raising temperature, cooling & condensing to produce a nearlypurified substance
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DUCT SYSTEM
- Continuous passageway for transmission of airDUST
- Finely powdered substance when mixed w/ air and ignited will causeexplosion.ELECTRICAL ARC
- Extremely hot, luminous bridge formed by the passage of electriccurrent across a space between 2 conductors due to the
incandescence of the conducting vapor.EMBER- Hot piece or lump partially burned, still oxidizing w/o the
manifestation of flames.FINISHES
- Final coasting of a surface (ornamental or protective)FIRE
- Active principle of burningFIRE TRAP
- Building unsafe in case of fire
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FIRE ALARM
- Visual/audible signal, device or system; warn the occupants or firefighting elements of presence/danger of fire.
FIRE DOOR
- Fire resistive doorFIRE HAZARD
- condition/act which increase probability of fire; delay/hinder/interferefire fighting, safeguarding of life & property.
FIRE LANE- Portion of road/publicway kept opened/unobstructed for fire fighting
units.FIRE PROTECTIVE & FIRE SAFETY DEVICE
- Built-in protection system (sprinklers, automatic extinguishing system,
heat/smoke detectors, warning system)- Personal protective equipment (fire blankets, helmets, fire suits, gloves)FIRE SAFETY CONSTRUCTIONS
- Design & installation of walls, barriers, windows, vents, means of egress;treatment of building components with flame retardant chemicals; tominimize danger of fire and safe evacuation of people.
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FLASH POINT
- Minimum temperature a material gives off vapor to form ignition.FORGING
- Metal is heated prior to changing shape/dimensionFULMINATE
- Stable explosive compund; explodes by percussionHAZARDOUS OPERATIONS/PROCESS
- manufacturing, fabrication, conversion w/c uses/produces materialsthat cause fires or explosions.
HORIZONTAL EXIT
- Passageway from one building to another or through or around thewall in approximately same floor level.
HOSE BOX- Box/cabinet where fire hoses, valves and other equipment warestored.
HOSE REEL
- Cylindrical device where fire hose is wound and connected
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HYPERGOLIC FUEL
- Rocket or liquid propellant
INDUSTRIAL BAKING & DRYING
- Industrial process of heating materials to remove solvents/moisture,and fuse certain salts to form uniform glazing on the surface oftreated materials.
JUMPER
- Piece of metal or conductor used to bypass a safety in an electricalsystem
OCCUPANCY
- Intended use/purpose of a building
OCCUPANT
-Any person occupying/using a building (or portions) by virtue oflease contract/permission with the owner/administrator
ORGANIC PEROXIDE
- Strong oxidizing organic compound w/c causes fire when in contact
w/ combustible material under condition of high temperature.
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OVERLOADING
- Use of electrical appliances/devices beyond the designed capacity ofexisting electrical system.
OWNER- Person who holds the legal right of possession or title to abuilding/property.
OXIDIZING MATERIAL
- Yields oxygen; stimulates/supports combustion.
PRESSURIZED/FORCED DRAFT BURNING EQUIPMENT- Type of burner where pressurized fuel is discharged to combustion
chamber which includes fans for introduction of air.PUBLIC ASSEMBLY BUILDING
- building/structure; 50 or more people congregate/gather/assemblePUBLIC WAY
- street, alley, strip of land unobstructed from ground to sky intended forpublic use
PYROPHORIC
- Ignites spontaneously when exposed to air
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REFINING
-partial distillation & electrolysis; removing impurities/deleteriousmaterials from mixture
SELF-CLOSING DOORS
- Automatic closing doors; confines smoke & heat; delays spread of fire.SMELTING
- Melting/fusing metal ores; separate impurities from pure metals.SPRINKLER SYSTEM
- Integrated network of hydraulically designed piping with outlets w/cautomatically discharges water when activated by heat.STANDPIPE SYSTEM- Vertical pipes to which firehoses can be attached on each floor; includes
system where water is made available to outlets as needed.
VESTIBULE- Passage hall/antechamber between outlet doors and interior parts of
buildingVERTICAL SHAFT
- Vertical space/passage extending from floor to floor, base to top of thebuilding
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SEC 5. GRACE PERIOD= 2 YEARS(Compliance with Fire Safety Constructions, Protective
and Warning Systems as Prescribed by the DirectorGeneral)
SEC 6. RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE ENFORCEMENT OF
THE CODE
FIRE SERVICE >DIRECTOR GENERALof theIntegrated National Police
a. Implements Regulations
b. Reorganize Fire Servicec. Negotiates
d. Enter into MOA w/ other departments, offices,
corporations, agencies & private institutions
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PART 2IMPLEMENTING RULES &
REGULATIONS
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GENERAL SAFETY REQUIREMENT
FOR BUILDING, STRUCTURE ORFACILITY
FIRE SUPPRESSION DEVICES,EQUIPMENT OR SYSTEMS
FIRE SAFETY CONSTRUCTION
FIRE PROTECTION ANDWARNING SYSTEM
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DEFINITIONS
AIRCRAFTS SERVICE STATION- That portion of an airport were flammable liquids arestored or dispensed
AUTOMATIC FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEM
- Integrated system of underground or overhead pipingconnected to extinguishing agent actuated by automaticdetecting device to suppress fire.
BOILING POINT
- Temperature at which liquid is transformed to vaporCHIEF OF THE LOCAL FIRE SERVICE- Official duly designated to head the local Fire Service (in
cities or municipalities, the Station Commander of theIntegrated National Police)
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CLASS A FIRE- Combustible materials (wood, cloth, paper, rubber &
plastics)
CLASS B FIRE- Flammable liquids and gasesCLASS C FIRE
- ElectricalCLASS D FIRE
- Combustible metals (magnesium, sodium, potassium, etc.)COMBINATION STANDPIPE
- Pipeline system filled with water and connected to aconstant water supply for the use of Fire Service andoccupants of the building solely for suppression purposes.
COMBUSTIBLE FIBER LOOSE HOUSE
- Isolated structure where loose fibers are stored.
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DIP TANK
- Tank, vat, container of flammable/combustible liquid in whicharticles or materials are immersed for the purpose of coating,finishing, treating, or similr processes.
DRY STANDPIPE
- pipes not filled with water; water is introduced thru Fire Serviceconnections
EXPLOSIVE MAGAZINE
- Building, structure or facilities used for the storage of explosives,shells, projectile and ammunition.FIRE ALERTING SYSTEM
- Fire alarm system transmitted to designated locations instead ofsounding a general alarm to prevent panic.
FIRE PROTECTIVE ASSEMBLY- An assembly incorporated in a structure designed to prevent the
spread of fire (dampers, curtain board, fire stoppers)FIRE RESISTANCE RATING
- Time duration a material can withstand the effect of hundred firetest
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FIRE WALL
- A wall designed to prevent the spread of fire w/ fire resistance ratingof not less than 4 hours and structurally stable.
FLAME SPREAD RATING- Time w/c flame will spread over the surface of a burning material.
FLAME RETARDANT
- Compound/mixture w/c improves fire resistant quality of fabrics
and other materials.HAZARDOUS FIRE AREA
- Land covered with dry grass, cogon, reeds, brush and other highlycombustible growth that fires are likely to occur and hard tosuppress.
HIGHRISE BUILDING
- Buildings, structures, facilities 15 meters or more in height.
MEANS OF EGRESS
- Continuous unobstructed route of exit from any point in a building,
structure or facility to a public way.
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OCCUPANT LOAD
- Maximum number of persons that may occupy a building, structureor facility or portions thereof.
ORGANIC COATING
- Liquid mixture of binders (alkyd, acrylic) w/c when spread onsurface becomes protective and decorative finish.
PANIC HARDWARE
- Mechanical device consisting of linkages and a horizontal bar across a
door, which when pushed from the inside will cause the door toopen and facilitate exit from a building, structure or facility.PICKING ROOMS
- Rooms where baled, bundled or piled materials are segregated intodesired sizes or groups.
PLENUM- Air compartment or chamber w/ one or more ducts are connected to
form part of an air distribution system.SMOKE DEVELOPED RATING
- density and volume of smoke developed within a certain period of
time.
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CLASSIFICATION
OFOCCUPANCY
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A. ASSEMBLY
Theaters Assembly Halls Auditorium Exhibition Halls
Museum Restaurants Churches Terminals of Air Surface Underground Recreation Piers Court Rooms Conference Rooms
Dance Halls
Club Rooms
Skating Rink
Gymnasium
Bowling Facilities
Pool Rooms
Armories
Passenger Stations
Marine PublicTransportation Facilities
Mortuary Chapels
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B. EDUCATIONAL
Schools
Universities
Colleges
Academies
Nursery Schools
Kindergartens Child Day Care Facilities
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C. INSTITUTIONAL
Hospitals Nursing Homes
Nurseries
Homes for the Aged
Mental Care Institutions
Penal Institutions
Reformatories
Jails
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D. RESIDENTIAL
One- & Two-Family Dwellings Hotels
Motels
Pension House Inns
Apartments
Dormitories
Orphanages
Lodging or Rooming Houses
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E. MERCANTILE
Stores
Markets
Supermarkets
Department Stores
Shopping Centers
DrugstoreAuction Rooms
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F. BUSINESS
Office for Lawyers, Doctors, Dentists and otherProfessionals
General Offices
City or Town Halls
Court Houses
Libraries
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H. STORAGE
Warehouses Cold Storages
Freight Terminals
Truck and Marine Terminals
Bulk Oil Storage
Parking Garages
Hangars
Grain Elevators
Harns
Stables
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I. MIXED OCCUPANCIES
2 OR MORE CLASSES OF
OCCUPANCY IN ONE BUILDING
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J. MISCELLANEOUS
CANNOT BE CLASSIFFIED IN ANY OFTHE PRECEDING OCCUPANCY
GROUPSTowers
Piers and Water-Surrounded Structure
Vehicle & Vessels
Underground Structures and WindowlessBuildings
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DEGREE OF HAZARD- probability that a building, structure or
facility may catch fire
LOW .. 1 MEDIUM .. 2
HIGH 3
VERY HIGH 4
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DEGREE OF HAZARD DEPENDS
UPON THE FOLLOWING FACTORS :
1. Construction Materials
2. Combustibility of Contents
3.
Type of Occupancy4. Load Capacity or Number of Occupants
5. Height from the Ground Level
6. Longest Horizontal Travel Distance7. Fire Safety Construction
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FIRE SAFETY IN
BUILDINGS,
STRUCTURES AND
FACILITIES
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MEANS OF EGRESS
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PROTECTIVE ENCLOSURE OFEXITS
3 STORIES OR LESS1 HOUR FIRERESISTANCE RATING
4 STORIES OR MORE2 HOUR FIRE
RESISTANCE RATING
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1. TRAVEL DISTANCE TO EXITS
INDIVIDUAL ROOM(Not more than 6 Occupants)MAX. 15Mfrom any point of the room to
exit door.2. WIDTH OF ANY WAY OF EXIT ACCESS
- MIN.71 cm3. NO DEAD-ENDS IN EXCESS OF 6M
4. SINGLE DOOR WIDTH - MIN. 71 cm(Fire Exit) - MAX. 122 cm
PANIC HARDWARE
Width = MIN. 2/3 of the door width
Height = MIN. 76mm
= MAX. 112mm
5. HEADROOM (Ceiling Height)= MIN. 2.30M
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RAMPS
1.Width 112 cm & greater 76-112 cm
(Outside Ramps = MIN.120 cm)2. Slope 8-10% 10-17%
3. Maximum height
between landings No Limit 3.66M
4. Capacity in persons (modified)
Down 60 45
Up 45 45
CLASS A CLASS B
(100 Persons) (60 Persons)
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INTERIOR STAIRS
1. Minimum width clear of allobstruction except handrails w/cmay project MAX. 89mm each side& stringers may project MAX.38mm each side. ----------------------
2. Maximum height of risers --------------3. Minimum width of tread exclusive of
nosing or projection -----------------
4. Winders------------------------------------
5. Minimum Headroom -------------------6. Maximum height between landings --
7. Minimum dimension of landings indirection of travel ---------------------
8. Doors opening immediately on stairswithout landing (width) --------------
CLASS A CLASS B
112cm 112cm ; 91cmwhere total
occupancy ofall floors served
by stairway is less
than 50 persons.
19cm 20cm
25cm 23cm
None None2M 2M
2.75M 3.70M
112 mm 112mm
NO NO
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TREADS, RISERS & HANDRAILS
2R + T = 60cm to 63.5cm
Min. No. of Risers in 1 Flight = 3 Treads width variation = max. 5mm
Tread less than 25cm --- 25mm Nosing
Handrails - Height = 76cm to 86.5cm
- Setback (from the edge) = 25mm(NOTE: Stairways more than 223mm width shall haveimmediate handrails.)
Vertical Balusters (spacing) = max. 15.25cm apart
Longitudinal Rails (top and bottom) = max. 25.5mm
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