Finite element modeling of impact, damage evolution and penetration of thick-section composites Bazle A. Gama a, * , John W. Gillespie Jr. a, b, c a University of Delaware Center for Composite Materials (UD-CCM), Newark, DE 19716, USA b Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA c Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA article info Article history: Received 13 October 2009 Received in revised form 3 November 2010 Accepted 5 November 2010 Available online 18 November 2010 Keywords: Ballistic impact Composite damage modeling Penetration mechanics Thick-section composites abstract Impact, damage evolution and penetration of thick-section composites are investigated using explicit finite element (FE) analysis. A full 3D FE model of impact on thick-section composites is developed. The analysis includes initiation and progressive damage of the composite during impact and penetration over a wide range of impact velocities, i.e., from 50 m/s to 1000 m/s. Low velocity impact damage is modeled using a set of computational parameters determined through parametric simulation of quasi-static punch shear experiments. At intermediate and high impact velocities, complete penetration of the composite plate is predicted with higher residual velocities than experiments. This observation revealed that the penetration-erosion phenomenology is a function of post-damage material softening parame- ters, strain rate dependent parameters and erosion strain parameters. With the correct choice of these parameters, the finite element model accurately correlates with ballistic impact experiments. The vali- dated FE model is then used to generate the time history of projectile velocity, displacement and penetration resistance force. Based on the experimental and computational results, the impact and penetration process is divided into two phases, i.e., short time Phase I e shock compression, and long time Phase II e penetration. Detailed damage and penetration mechanisms during these phases are presented. Ó 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction Impact, damage and penetration modeling of thick-section composites are of great importance to many industrial, auto- motive, aerospace and defense applications. A large number of material properties and model parameters are required in damage modeling of composites using finite element analysis (FEA) techniques. A systematic model-experiment methodology is required to validate the finite element model (FEM) from static to impact loading conditions. A validated FEM should predict the evolution of impact damage, the rebound velocity of the projectile, and the impact-contact or resistance force for non- penetrating projectiles. For penetrating projectiles, the prediction of projectile residual velocity and displacement, evolution of damage, and penetration resistance force on the projectile with significant accuracy is needed to predict the post-ballistic residual strength of the composite laminate and multi-hit performance. For low velocity impact experiments one can measure the impact-contact force as a function of time to vali- date the FE model. On the other hand, high speed flash-X-Ray and photography can be used to measure the impact and residual velocities of the projectiles, ejection velocities of debris, and the dynamic deflection of the impact plate. However, in most commercial ballistics facilities, the impact and residual velocities of the projectile are measured at a minimum. It is thus important to validate a FEM which can accurately model the impact and residual velocities of the projectiles over a wide range of projectile impact velocities. The validated FEM then can be used to predict the time histories of projectile velocity and penetration resistance force with confidence. This is the main goal of the present study. A fair amount of work can be found in literature addressing different aspects of composite impact and damage modeling under low velocity impact [1e8] and high velocity impact on fabrics [9e17], soft laminates [18,19], and fiber reinforced composites [20e34]. This includes our original work [34] on the development of a quasi-static punch shear test (QS-PST) methodology to study the quasi-static penetration mechanics behavior of thick-section * Corresponding author. Tel.: þ1 302 831 0248; fax: þ1 302 831 8525. E-mail address: [email protected] (B.A. Gama). Contents lists available at ScienceDirect International Journal of Impact Engineering journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ijimpeng 0734-743X/$ e see front matter Ó 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2010.11.001 International Journal of Impact Engineering 38 (2011) 181e197
Finite element modeling of impact, damage evolution and penetration of thick-section composites
Jun 04, 2023
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