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Content of Presentation
(a) Main Findings of the KHDR 2012 (I)
(b) HDI and Kosovo according to the GHDR 2011
(c) Gender breakdown of decision-making position-holders
Chapter 1: Marketplace Analysis through an Equity Lens
Chapter 2: Barriers to Inclusive Growth
Chapter 3: Impact on a Pro-People Marketplace
Chapter 4: Private Growth in the Social Context
Conclusion: Making Growth work for people
(d) Main Findings of the KHDR 2012 (II)
Recommendations presented by Dr. Mytaher Haskuka
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(a) Main Findings of the KHDR 2012 (I)
Private sector is the engine of generating employment
Greatest private sector development challenges are: enclave
mentalities, gender divides and a climate of economic andindividual performance
The active engagement of government, business owners and
Kosovans is a must.
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(b) Human Development IndexGlobal Human Development Report 2011
Human Development
Index (HDI)
Life expectancy at
birth (years)
Mean years of
schooling
Expected years of
schooling
Gross national income (GNI)
per capita
Slovenia 0.884 79.3 11.6 16.9 24,914
Croatia 0.796 76.6 9.8 13.9 15,729
Montenegro 0.771 74.6 10.6 13.7 10,361
Bulgaria 0.771 73.4 10.6 13.7 11,412
Serbia 0.766 74.5 10.2 13.7 10,236
Albania 0.739 76.9 10.4 11.3 7,803
Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.733 75.7 8.7 13.6 7,664
Macedonia (The former Yugoslav
Republic) 0.728 74.8 8.2 13.3 8,804
Kosovo 0.714 70.0 11.2 11.3 7,410
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(c) Gender breakdown of decision-making position-holders in Kosovo
Total Women Men
Ministers 18 2 16
Permanent Secretaries 18 2 16
Members of Parliament 120 40 80
Chairs of Parliamentary Committees 13 2 11
Mayors 36 0 36
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Chapter 1 |Unemployment rate, by age group
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Chapter 1 |Employment rate, by level of educationand by gender
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Chapter 1 |Contribution of different sectors toemployment
1%
3%
15%
0%
8%
10%
17%
11%
6%
8%
5%
0%
4%
2%
3%
4%
2%
1%
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%
16%
18%
A B C D E F G H I J K L M O P Q R S
Agriculture, forestry and fishing (A); Mining and quarrying (B); Manufacturing (C); Electricity, gas, steam and airconditioning supply (D); Water supply, sewerage, waste management and remediation activities (E); Construction (F);
Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles (G); Transportation and storage (H);
Accommodation and food service activities (I); Information and communication (J); Financial and insurance activities
(K); Real estate activities (L); Professional, scientific and technical activities (M); Administrative and support service
activities (N); Public administration and defence; compulsory social security (O); Education (P); Human health and
social work activities (Q); Arts, entertainment and recreation (R); Other service activities (S); Activities of households
as employers; undifferentiated goods- and services-producing activities of households for own use (T); Activities of
extraterritorial organisations and bodies (U). Note: data from sectors predominantly in public ownership were excluded
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Chapter 1 |Average monthly salaries (in EUR) in centralEuropean and Balkan countries
246 260
451521
772932
1634
4217
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
Albania Kosovo Serbia Macedonia Montenegro Czech Republic Slovenia Germany
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Chapter 1 |Average salary by level of academicqualification
607.00
319.00
235.00
207.00
0.00
100.00
200.00
300.00
400.00
500.00
600.00
700.00
Postgraduate Graduates High School Primary School
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Chapter 1 |Firms employment growth by sector
30.80%
19.30%
10.80%
7.10%
-2.07%
-5.00%
0.00%
5.00%
10.00%
15.00%
20.00%
25.00%
30.00%
35.00%
Construction Agriculture Hotels, Restaurants and Bars Health Service Activities Manufacturing
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Chapter 1 |Regional distribution of enterprises
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Chapter 1 |Entrepreneur employment before starting uptheir business
42%29%
16%
8% 5%
Unemployed
Private Sector
Public Sector
Students
Diaspora
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Chapter 2 | Business barriers in Kosovo 2011
34.96
36.06
38.14
38.38
38.44
40.10
40.31
47.25
48.15
49.63
50.32
53.77
56.60
57.94
59.21
59.56
61.53
62.59
63.51
65.22
68.71
76.44
- 20.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00
Telecommunications
Access to land
Labor regulations
Access to business services and information
Skills and education of available workers
Transportation
Business licensing and permits
Production standards
Customs and trade regulations
Tax administration
Tax rates
Functioning of the judiciary
Access to financing
Cost of financing
Political Instability
Contract violations by customers and Suppliers
Organized crime/mafia
Corruption
Electricity
Street crime, theft and disorder
Anti-competitive practices of other Competitors
Unfair Competition (evasion and informality)
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Chapter 2 | What business areas are most affected by
corruption?
31.06
31.67
32.64
35.99
37.93
39.39
0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 35.00 40.00 45.00
Customs
Courts
Tax evasion
Government Contracts
Business Licences and Permits
Public services
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Chapter 2 | Tax evasion and labour informality by sectors
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Administrative and support service activities
Professional, scientific and technical activities
Electricity, gas, steam and air condition supply
Construction
Mining and quarrying
Information and Communication
Manufacturing
Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles
Other service activities
Public administration and defence; compulsory social security
Financial and insurance activities
Transportation and storage
Human health and social work activities
Accommodation and food service activities
Activities of household as employers
Real estate activities
Agriculture, forestry and fishing
Education
Water supply, sewerage, waste management and remediation activities
Other
Arts, entertainment and recreation
Labour Informality Evasion
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Chapter 3 | Source of finance
74%
11%
10%
2% 2% 1%
Own Capital
Banks
Family and friends
Remitances
Other
Grants and donations
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Chapter 3 | Barriers to new business activities
65%
15%
11% 5%4%
Finance
Uncertain business environment
Demand and competition
Law, regulation, taxes and licenses
Internal factors
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Chapter 3 |Barriers across regions
Pristina PrizrenPeja
Pec
Mitrovic
Mitrovica
Gjilan
Gnjilane
Ferizaj
Urosevac
1 Access to business services and information 36.36 38.39 53.79 36.31 37.05 39.47
2 Access to financing 65.6 33.76 56.67 53.92 68.64 51.42
3 Access to land 34.55 38.17 38.89 27.6 40.35 38.54
4Anti-competitive practices of other
competitors86.41 61.89 54.55 46.88 65.09 40.71
5 Business licensing and permits 37.97 40.32 48.86 27.04 47.08 43.48
6Contract violations by customers and
suppliers68.23 57.94 61.93 51.11 58.02 40.79
7 Corruption 75.93 59.52 68.98 38.78 65.35 42.68
8 Cost of financing 67.27 37.37 55.56 57.84 66.1 51.53
9 Customs and trade regulations 49.19 49.7 60.71 34.8 46.43 42.86
10 Electricity 54.82 59.79 75 81.86 64.17 69.55
11 Functioning of the judiciary 58.29 45.43 60.25 43 60.09 46.59
12 Labour regulations 35.63 37.9 43.85 26.96 49.58 40.1
13 Organized crime, mafia 78.24 62.2 62.21 39.29 61.11 41.22
14 Political instability 67.17 54.76 77.59 58.82 41.2 45.39
15 Production standards 52.95 40.63 60.26 45 39.22 41.43
16 Skills and education of available workers 37.2 32.37 52.16 27.04 46.49 41.6717 Street crime, theft and disorder 78.41 60.59 71.08 51.5 65 43.42
18 Tax administration 48.73 50 64.93 30.39 52.97 46.08
19 Tax rates 49.41 51.04 66.57 30.39 52.05 43.37
20 Telecommunications 33.45 31.7 39.12 30 38.52 41.5
21 Transportation 37.8 39.74 45.13 38.54 39.75 45.59
22 Unfair Competition (evasion and informality) 92.16 63.37 76.36 62 70.54 52.5
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Chapter 3 |Business ownership by women
across the world
11%
5%
18%
23%
19%
15%
29%
50%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Kosovo Russsian
Federation
OECD 23
Average
Hong Kong US Japan China Thailand
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Chapter 3 | Barriers across sectors
Primary Secondary Tertiary
1 Access to business services and information 33.33 51.03 36.752 Access to financing 43.75 58.02 57.233 Access to land 37.5 42.86 35.344 Anti-competitive practices of other competitors 43.75 66.9 69.075 Business licensing and permits 43.75 47.4 39.196 Contract violations by customers and suppliers 62.5 65.14 58.847 Corruption 56.25 65.3 63.348 Cost of financing 56.25 60.49 57.989 Customs and trade regulations 75 60.67 46.57
10 Electricity 81.25 73.51 61.9611 Functioning of the judiciary 50 54.93 54.7212 Labour regulations 31.25 47.76 36.8913 Organized crime, mafia 43.75 68.56 61.6214 Political instability 62.5 67.39 59.8715 Production standards 41.67 53.31 47.0716 Skills and education of available workers 31.25 43.75 38.0617 Street crime, theft and disorder 50 69.78 66.2718 Tax administration 50 61.59 48.1519 Tax rates 50 60.19 49.0620 Telecommunications 37.5 37.35 34.5121 Transportation 37.5 46.95 39.1422
Unfair competition (evasion and informality)
62.5
81.51
76.18
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Chapter 4 |Academic qualification of employees
3%
19%
70%
8%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
Postgraduate Graduates High School Primary School
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Chapter 4 | Source of staff employment
44.50%
36.50%
15%
3.50%
Reccomendations Family
Public Announcements Unemployment offices
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Chapter 4 | Perceived key factors in successful job
seeking among youth
12.0
15.1
.1
18.038.8
7.0
7.4
1.7
Professional experience
Education
Vocational trainings
Bribe
Family connections
Friends
Party allegiance
The appearance (clothes, makeup)
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(d) Conclusion: Making Growth work for people
Main Findings of the KHDR 2012 (II):
Kosovos history and post-conflict economic trends have biased
growth towards an exclusive and largely jobless growth model;
Investment and job creation models also require re-orientation
to connect people with growth-ready sectors;
Cycles of dependency must be broken for a future where wealth
grows alongside human dignity and freedoms;