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Slide 1
Finding and Fixing Comma Splices, Run-ons, Fragments and
Parallelism Correcting Common Sentence Errors
Slide 2
Do you want papers with fewer red marks?
Slide 3
This workshop will: Help you identify common sentence errors
Give you easy ways to make corrections Enable you to develop your
own personal editing checklist
Slide 4
This workshop will NOT: Make your sentence errors disappear
Guarantee A papers But it will help you get closer to your goal of
less red, more well said
Slide 5
Examine the following: In addition, Obafemi Awolowo was a
leader who believed that the state should offer resources for
example, he introduced free primary education and free health care
in the Western Region. Citizens who had worked hard over the year
are being recognized with an award for their service to the nation
these citizens celebrate with their leaders. Fru Ndi stood up, no
matter what, and he formed a political party to challenge the
dictator. Traditional dances with different colors of dressing.
They will tend to find happiness if their marriage is successful,
their investment they made for retirement were successful and also
with their children achievement in life.
Slide 6
First Example In addition, Obafemi Awolowo was a leader who
believed that the state should offer resources, for example, he
introduced free primary education and free health care in the
Western Region. Identify subjects and verbs What is the
relationship? Think about ideas Why did the author believe these
ideas should be connected? Identify sentence type Comma used
between two independent clauses
Slide 7
Second Example Citizens who had worked hard over the year are
being recognized with an award for their service to the nation
these citizens celebrate with their leaders. Identify subjects and
verbs What is the relationship? Think about ideas Why did the
author believe these ideas should be connected? Identify sentence
type No punctuation between clauses
Slide 8
Third Example Fru Ndi stood up, no matter what, and he formed a
political party to challenge the dictator. Identify subjects and
verbs What is the relationship? Think about ideas Why did the
author believe these ideas should be connected? Identify sentence
type Compound sentence
Slide 9
Fourth Example Traditional dances with different colors of
dressing. Identify subjects and verbs What is the relationship?
Think about ideas What is the author trying to explain? Identify
sentence type An incomplete thought
Slide 10
Fifth Example They will tend to find happiness if their
marriage is successful, their investment they made for retirement
were successful and also with their children achievement in life.
Identify conjunction Think about what is joined together Are the
items joined the same? Conjunctions require parallel structure
Slide 11
Comma Splice Very common error Using a comma incorrectly to
separate independent thoughts Commas have specific uses Link to
Comma Rule power point Commas can never separate independent
clauses in academic writing
Slide 12
Run-On Punctuation is necessary for reader to process ideas.
Separating or joining independent and/or dependent clauses follows
specific rules for punctuation.
Slide 13
Correcting Run-Ons and Comma Splices Four ways Add punctuation
that separates (period [full stop], exclamation, semi-colon) Use a
comma and FANBOYS Use a semi-colon and a transitional word Create a
dependent clause, using appropriate punctuation
Slide 14
Fragment An incomplete thought Leaves the reader with a
question Requires either A subject A real verb An independent
clause Removal of dependent word
Slide 15
Parallelism Items must be the same grammatical structure
Determine words that indicate parallel structureparallel structure
Understand: Parts of Speech Clauses Phrases
Slide 16
A Subject What is a subject? Usually a noun or noun phrase
Autumn The very messy room A verbal Eating lots of candy To debate
A clause The woman who walks to work everyday How ever long it
takes All sentences in English require a subject except
commands.
Slide 17
A Real Verb What is a real verb? An action or feeling word that
is conjugated correctly talks will have been developed Not a verbal
He running down the field -ing only becomes a verb with the helping
verb BE She to take classes this semester
Slide 18
Practice Review the following collection of words. Determine
sentence type or Determine structural error If there is an error,
how can you correct it?
Slide 19
Practice 1. This is when a friend sees you for who you are and
not being hasty to judge you. 2. Telephone systems are important
because they connect people. 3. A friendship should make both
people in the relationship happy, both people should have fun when
they spend time together, accept one another for whom they are. 4.
Though human beings can clash easily when they are not acceptable
to each other, which makes it hard for some people to maintain many
friends. 5. Although both genders have probabilities in having
common ways in expressing friendships with the same gender, but
also there are still a lot of particular habits they differ from
each other; communication, how they show support and intimacy.
Slide 20
Recognition and Correction In your own writing, be aware:
Clauses and Phrases Sentence Types Avoid four common structural
errors Comma Splice Run-On Fragment Faulty parallel structure
Slide 21
Your Own Checklist Do you ever see these markings on your
papers? CSFrag RONot //
Slide 22
Your Own Checklist Add these to your editing checklist when
revising a paragraph or essay. CS comma splice look at either side
of the comma. Reassess punctuation. RO run-on find the complete
thoughts; do they need to be joined together? Separate or join
appropriately. Frag fragment you need to have a subject and a verb
to have a sentence. Not // - not parallel find the conjunction and
determine part of speech, clause or phrase; change parallel items
to same type of grammatical structure.