Financing higher education and research Lennnart Ståhle.

Financing higher education and research

Lennnart Ståhle

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• Financing

• Governace and control

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Four modes of financing higher education

1. Private, no public funding, tuition fees

2. Private, basic public funding, tution fees/non-paying students

3. Private, public funding, free education, possibility to take fees

4. Public, state funding, free education, possibility to take fees

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Quality control/accreditation

• Of institutions of Higher Education

• Of programmes and courses

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Management by objectives and results

• The Riksdag decides on central government expenditures and financial parameters for different purposes.

• The Government directs the authorities and agencies, including state universities and university colleges, on the basis of decisions made by the Riksdag. Formally, the Government exercises control by issuing appropriation directions.

• The authorities and agencies report back to the Government in their

annual reports.• The Government reports back to the Riksdag.

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Finance

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Finance

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Undergraduate programmes

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Undergraduate programmes

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95% of undergraduate education is funded from public sources

• No tuition fees• Accreditation of degrees (programmes and

courses that could en in a degree)• Freedom for higher education institutions to decide

about courses

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Higher education institutions in Sweden• 36 state institutions = formally government

agencies

14 universities

13 university colleges

7 colleges of art

1 college for sport

1 college for defense

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Public institutions• Accredtitation to award degrees according to the

Swedish law• Public funding• No fees

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Higher education institutions in Sweden• 14 independent institutions = owned by

foundations or other legal bodies• Non-profit• Have the right to award degrees acccording to the

Swedish law• Public funding (education and research contracts)• No fees

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Financing education

• As from 1993/94, the grants voted by the Riksdag for higher education is calculated on the number of FTE student and FTE study result, using special revenues decided by Government.

• Freedom for institutions to decide about courses. Programmes which lead to a professional degree must be accreditated by The Swedish National Agency for Higher Education.

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Undergraduate programmes

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• The Government specifies the maximum appropriation (ceiling amount) that can be paid to each higher education institution in any fiscal year for FTE students and FTE study results.

• The Government also sets the level of revenue per FTE student and FTE study result for the different fields of study. Where artistic programmes are concerned, the appropriation directions issued to each institution of higher education also indicate the maximum number of FTE students that the institution is entitled to deduct for in each field of study.

• The higher education institutions decide on how the revenues earned (the grant) are to be used for the different programmes and different types of courses etc.

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Financing research

• Research funded from public funds is to 95% carried out at HEI.

• In the costs for research are the costs for research education included.

• A majority of the research and research education take place at the universities.

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• The Higher Education Act states that the following general principles shall apply to research: Research problems may be freely selected, research methods may be freely developed and research results may be freely published.

• Funds for research and doctoral studies are allotted separately from the funds allotted for other higher education. The Government/Riksdag are responsible for the general distribution of appropriations to the areas of research and for the distribution to each institution.

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Finance

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ResearchResearch

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Research

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Research: Proposed Changes

• Allocation more dependant on quality and performance = ability to attract external funding and publications

• Stronger link between education and research= 8000 sek/FTE in undergraduate education is reserved for improving reserach and education.