EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Universal Jeans Ltd. is a garment manufacturing company located in CEPZ. It’s an export-oriented industry that exports its products at USA, Canada, EU, etc. It is a “C” category company that is owned by Md. Nasir Uddin. It collects raw materials from Thai wan, Pakistan ,India , Japan , China , Bangladesh ,etc and Bangladesh. Quality is a dynamic state associated with products, services, people, process and environment that meet and exceed customer expectations. Quality management is not just a strategy. It must be a new style of working, even a new style of thinking. Total quality is an approach of doing business that attempts to maximize the competitiveness of an organization through the continual improvement of the quality of its products, services, people, processes and environment. A practical practice of Total Quality Management (TQM) is accepted by Universal Jeans Ltd in Bangladesh. It is a well established Private Company and 100% owned by local investor. Universal Jeans Ltd. The company uses some automated machines and equipment which provide it distinguishing advantages over the competitors. As a result the company now able to export products to European countries, USA, Japan etc. Here we also try to discuss about the Management Practice of Universal Jeans Ltd. and Human Resource Management, Production performance, Marketing Management, Financial Page 1 of 117
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Universal Jeans Ltd. is a garment manufacturing company located in CEPZ. It’s an export-
oriented industry that exports its products at USA, Canada, EU, etc. It is a “C” category company
that is owned by Md. Nasir Uddin. It collects raw materials from Thai wan, Pakistan ,India ,
Japan , China , Bangladesh ,etc and Bangladesh. Quality is a dynamic state associated with
products, services, people, process and environment that meet and exceed customer expectations.
Quality management is not just a strategy. It must be a new style of working, even a new style of
thinking. Total quality is an approach of doing business that attempts to maximize the
competitiveness of an organization through the continual improvement of the quality of its
products, services, people, processes and environment. A practical practice of Total Quality
Management (TQM) is accepted by Universal Jeans Ltd in Bangladesh. It is a well established
Private Company and 100% owned by local investor. Universal Jeans Ltd. The company uses
some automated machines and equipment which provide it distinguishing advantages over the
competitors. As a result the company now able to export products to European countries, USA,
Japan etc. Here we also try to discuss about the Management Practice of Universal Jeans Ltd.
and Human Resource Management, Production performance, Marketing Management, Financial
Management of “Universal Jeans Ltd.”. This paper contains the findings of TQM which
practices in Universal Jeans Ltd. Universal Jeans Ltd significantly continues its journey by
practicing a continuous improvement process, this paper tries to describe the total scenario of
their management practices and process improvement
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PREFACE
Our academic study is limited in theories. But the proper educational perfectness depends on
practical knowledge, which is quite vital for all the students of B.B.A. The business of the world
is sure to be changing by character in this century. Today the world performs practical
knowledge to theoretical knowledge. In our Chittagong University all the Departments of B.B.A.
encourage the students to make Industrial Tour in order to make us closer to the business world
both theoretically & practically. Here I observed that theoretical study should be supported by
practical study. After the acquisition of both academic that is theoretical education as well as
practical education we must have to know the process of applying this knowledge in the complex
situation of practical life. The Industrial Tour is a so-called practical learning through program.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
All praises due to Almighty. All the progress, achievement and success throughout my life are
HIS blessings. With HIS infinite mercy and kindness I am here, where I am today.
This is absolutely truth that our Industrial Tour program cannot be happened really without the
helping and supervising the Department of Management Studies of Chittagong University.
First of all, I would like to thank my honorable teacher Dr. A.F.M Aowrangazab, Professor;
Department of Management studies, University of Chittagong for his excellence guidance,
cordial supervision and mental encouragement during the period of practical work and preparing
this assignment.
I am really grateful to Mr .Md. Mahbubul Alam Sr. Manager, (HR, and Admin. & Compliance),
Mr. A. K. M. Khairul Azim, Deputy Manager, (HR, and Admin. & Compliance), Universal
Jeans Ltd.
I am also grateful to all officials of Universal Jeans Ltd to co-operate during my study.
I am also thankful to my group members who assisted me to make my tour paper as a success.
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The main objective of this study is to fulfill the academic requirement as well as together
practical and theoretical knowledge about Universal Jeans Limited. This practical knowledge
will help me to face challenges in my future business career. In addition to the principle
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objective, the following are some of the common but significant objectives of this type of study:
The principal objective of the study is to get insight knowledge about the overall
aspect of an industry through visiting and collecting the first hand data.
To know about the company profile.
To develop a clear and comprehensive view of Human Resource Management
practices of Universal Jeans Limited.
To evaluate the overall HRM performance of Universal Jeans Limited.
To know about performance evaluation system of employees and labors.
To gather knowledge about Company quality policy.
To study the challenges of Universal Jeans Limited.
To acquire knowledge about organizational pattern.
To measure productivity of the company.
To have an idea about their production performance.
To evaluate the rule of Universal Garment production division.
SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY
This report is prepared as a requirement of 4th year B. B.A. program and is confined to only one
sample enterprise “Universal Jeans Limited”. Factories like, Universal Jeans Limited may not
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be representative of the Garment industry as a whole.
A lot of materials and information are required for the preparation of this Industrial Tour Report.
The methodology followed for the purpose of the study has been desk research as well as field
survey. I have collected Information from both primary and secondary sources with the help of a
questionnaire to prepare this report. The main sources of primary data are:
Desk to desk practical experience.
Personal interview of the General Manager, Production manager and HR manger of
Universal Jeans Limited.
Web site of the Organization.
Various documents such as organization organogram, workers guidelines, booklet, and
code of conduct guidelines are used in preparing this report.
In this report I have followed the guidelines provided by my honorable teacher.
LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
The study has been conducted subject to certain constraints:
We have been allowed only one day for the Industrial tour, which is not enough to study
the Industry in depth.
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For the Company strategy, the authority not providing confidential financial and
marketing data. In view of the business strategic division, the company has been found to
be hesitant in furnishing relevant data.
The rate of success of my study may be limited as I might have failed to collect proper
information due to lack of my experience.
Universal Limited not produces Annual Report.
Lack of adequate information due to not resourceful web materials.
I, therefore, hope that this report will be evaluated with an approach subject to the recognition of
the above-mentioned shortcomings.
INTRODUCTION
Garments sector is one of the important export sectors of our country. Today readymade garment
sector not only earn maximum foreign currency but also engage a lot of unemployed people in
this productive sector. For this industry, various banks and insurance businesses are now in better
position, transportation business now expanded in the country, shipping business is increasing
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inside and outside the country, cargo handling, clearing and forwarding business , buying house,
hotel tourist- all this sectors found possibility of their business by this readymade garments
exports. There are more than 18 lacks people engaged in this sector. So their purchasing powers
increases and a group of consumer also created by this sector. More than 8 lacks people are
engaged in different accessories industry to earn their money. As a result, our unemployment
reduces, besides this, our socio–economic position also developed. It is true that, for bright future
of Bangladesh the contribution of this sector cannot be neglected.
We selected Garment industry for our Industrial tour program by thinking its great importance.
We have visited a Garment manufacturing unit. So, the following Report is prepared on
“Universal Jeans Limited"
AN OVERVIEW OF UNIVERSAL JEANS LTD.
Universal Jeans Ltd. is a trusted name in world market. It has buyer’s confidence and excellent
reputation in home and abroad. It is a name of Quality Jeans and Casual Wears line in home and
abroad. Universal Jeans Limited started its commercial production from April 2008. Universal
Jeans limited is a subsidiary company of Pacific group which has started its operation since
1984. . So in this sector Pacific Group has huge knowledge and experiences and contributing the
country from the very beginning. Universal Jeans Limited located in Chittagong Export
Processing Zone (CEPZ) and it is the biggest Jeans Garment Manufacturer in Bangladesh. . It is
a 100% export oriented garments manufacturing industry. It is a “C” type export oriented
readymade garments industry. “C” type means that it is owned by a Bangladeshi citizen
according to BEPZA act/rules and regulations i.e. 100% local investment. Within a very short
time of span the company achieved some significance success. Pacific group has achieved GAP
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and BSCI certificates. Md. Nasir Uddin is the Managing Director of the Company. He is a well
experienced business personnel and industrialist. He has the vast marketing experience and for
exploring the export business. He had the opportunity to travel many countries and established a
good business relationship with the overseas buyers. Universal Jeans Limited has created their
position and image through excellent quality maintaining.
Sewing quality is maintained through skilled worker.
Best quality thread is using in sewing
Washing the Garments in the Italian imported washing plant
PROCEDUERE FOR MAINTAINING INVENTORY
For raw materials Software system (tally)
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Work-in-progress Manual reporting
NUMBER OF MACHINES
NAME OF THE MACHINE NUMBER
Sewing Machine 3187
Finishing Machine 169
Cutting Machine 120
Washing Machine 342
Other 49
MACHINERIES
The machines which are used in production of Universal Jeans Ltd-
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Single needle plain machine.
Two needle plain machine.
Over lock machine.
Interlock machine,
Bar tack machine.
Bolton hole.
Vale crow
PRODUCTION SYSTEM
Total production system of the company is basically divided into two parts,
which are as follows:
1. Production by CAD:
Since this company is mostly based on manufacturing of garments wear so the cutting and
designing of cloth is most important task. As a consequence Computer Aided Design (CAD) is
largely used for producing the products. And the other hand to cut the cloth on the basis of size
of the shirt, pant, trouser, etc made by the CAD. It reduces the wastages and creates an effective
cutting on the cloth. In this way, the shirt, pant, coat, trouser and other dress have been producing
by the computer equipment. Design has been monitoring by the computer monitor and this
output as a design on GGT printing machine. That designs have to place on the cloth correctly
and cutting for final production by the workers.
3. Production by CAM:
Similar as CAD, Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) is largely used for manufacturing
concern. The CAM is technique applied by the modern sophisticated equipment of
UNIVERSAL JEANS Ltd. Some sort of product would not make possible totally by the hand of
human being which is easily operated on the computer aided machine. In order to produce high
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quality product to set up CAM system which mark on their quality of product as a level of brand.
In this way, the company to proper used on CAM is effective performance for production and
marked by the computer level seal to their product remain.
Production Capacity UNIVERSAL JEANS (Items per Day)
Total Capacity: 35000 units
PRODUCTION PROCESS
There are nine divisions in the production process. Each and every product has to pass different
steps from store division to delivery division. The following divisions are included in production
division-
Store /Warehouse division,
Cutting division,
Sewing division ,
Leger division,
Wet & Dry division
Trimming & Brushing division
Washing division,
Post wash quality division,
Counting and delivery division
STORE / WAREHOUSE DIVISION
Store or warehouse division collects raw materials from different countries as per buyer
requirement and choice. Production process starts from Merchandizing department through order
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procuring from buyers. Merchandizing department send different product sample to the buyer. If
they choice or approval any sample or design, then give order for particular amount. Sometimes,
buyers give the design of the product and mention the country from where the company has to
collect the raw materials. Then the company goes to Free and Bond Process (F&B).
CUTTING DIVISION
The company uses “Computer Aided Design (CAD)” for assorting and designing the products.
This division works as per cutting order, ratio, size (L-size, M-size, N-size, and Excel-size) and
design. :
Three parts in cutting option:-
Layer,
Marking Paper,
Cutting
SEWING DIVISION
In sewing division, the company also uses 15 types’ machines. For extra ordinary design, the
company has “Automated section” which works automatically as per computer program.
This department is sub-divided into-
VI-section,
ME-section,
MAC -section
LEGER DIVISIONPage 24 of 89
Leger division is used for cutting process and special design. Leger section works and design as per
Computer Aided Design (CAD)
WET AND DRY DIVISION
Separate machines are used for wet process and dry process. There are 14 sub-departments for
designing different symbol, dragons which must be completed in the wet and dry process. After
completing wet and dry process, the products are sent to the Trimming and Brushing section.
WASHING DIVISION
The company uses “Italian stone” for washing purpose. There are different machines for
different washing process. The materials that are used in washing operation-
Over dye,
Sand blasting
Chemical blasting
Heavy destroy
Easy care finish; etc.
POST WASH QUALITY DIVISION
This division works as like Inspection division for inspecting post wash quality of the products.
PRODUCTION CAPACITY
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The company uses Standard Minute Value (SMV), General Sewing Data (GSD), and Industrial
Engineering Data (IED) for measuring production capacity of different divisions.
QUALITY CONTROL
Universal Jeans have quality control department. They always try to maintain a standard quality
of a product according to the buyer standard. Universal Jeans have research and development
department for improving quality. They have not yet ISO certificate but it is on the way process.
Customer expectation is the basis of quality measurement; Universal Jeans have section for
quality control. They have an in quality control team and they always try to maintain the quality.
Universal Jeans have both preventive and repair maintenance policy for machine equipment
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HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENTHUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT OF
UNIVERSAL JEANS LTD.
Human resource management is responsible for how people are treated in organizations. It is
responsible for bringing people into the organization, helping them perform their work,
compensating them for their labors, and solving problems that arise. Management of human
resources is that function of all enterprises which provides for effective utilization of people to
achieve both the objectives of the enterprise and the satisfaction and development of the
employees. Human resource management differs from traditional personal management.
Opening of Human Resource department signifies growing awareness of the importance of
human factor in organizational performance. In this section we would like show the human
resource management of Universal Jeans Ltd. Since above 7000 workers are working in the
company, so it is very important to manage them.
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FUNCTION OF HR DEPARTMENT
Functions of HR department are given below:
Maintain Liaison with the Administrative Manager.
Grievances handling of the workers.
Undertaking training programs for skill development.
Counseling the rights and responsibilities among the workers.
Maintain office security.
Wage &salary administration for workers & staff.
Maintain personal files &records of workers & staff.
To arrange promotion for workers & staff.
Conducting motivational programs.
Taking care of in-house cleanliness, health and safety.
Ethical issues and codes of conduct etc
Human resources planning, recruitment & selection.
Training & communication.
Ensure health & safety environment in office &factory.
Dealing with company related matters.
To ensure transportation facilities for workers & staff.
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HRM STRUCTURE
“Our people are our most important asset. Safe work place gives much confidence to the workers. Human rights, occupational health and safety are our main principle.”
- Chairman.
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HRHR
General ManagerGeneral Manager
Deputy ManagerDeputy Manager
Manager (HR & Admin)
Manager (HR & Admin)
A.M. (H)A.M. (H)
ComplianceCompliance M.O.M.O. Security
Security
G. admin
G. admin
A.M. (Com)A.M.
(Com)
Sr.Exe.Sr.Exe.
Exe.Exe.
Jr.Exe.Jr.Exe.
AssistantAssistant Assistant
Assistant
Jr.Exe. Jr.Exe.
Exe.
Exe.
Sr.Exe. Sr.Exe.
S. Nurse
S. Nurse
Security Off.
Security Off.
J.Off. J.Off.
THE MAIN AREAS OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
The main task of HRD is a good human resource planning. And another important task if
selecting the right employee. . HR planning, in turn, involves job analysis and forecasting the
demand and supply of labor. Basically the personnel manager is responsible for human resources
planning, but before taking any decision he consults with line managers. Manpower planning is
the process by which an organization can engage the right number of people for the right job at
the right time.
Now we will see the different important segments of HR functions relating to this type of
production oriented industry. This department is so important because, it’s a labor intensive
industry i.e. thousands of workers is working here. There is an organized manpower policy in
this type of production- oriented company. Company’s policy regarding manpower planning,
recruitment and selection, salary and wages administration, benefits and services, training and
development, performance appraisal, motivation, promotion/demotion, employee morale, etc. are
discussed in the following segments of the paper.
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HP/CleanerHP/Cleaner
WORKERWORKER
HUMAN RESOURCE PLANNING
Human resource planning is the process by which an organization ensures that it has the right
number and kinds of people, at the right place, at the right time, capable of effectively and
efficiently completing those tasks that will help the organization achieve its overall objectives.
The HR manager is responsible for manpower planning, but before taking any decision he
consults with line managers. Attempts must be made to match supplies and demands, making
them compatible with the achievement of the organization’s future needs.
Universal Jeans Ltd emphasize on manpower planning for the following reasons-
Understaffing loses the business economies of scale and specialization, orders,
customers and profits.
Overstaffing is wasteful and expensive, if sustained, and it is costly to eliminate
because of modern legislation in respect of redundancy payments, consultation,
minimum periods of notice, etc. Very importantly, overstaffing reduces the
competitive efficiency of the business.
In UNIVERSAL JEANS Ltd there are huge numbers of human resources in various departments.
Numbers of human resources in various departments
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TYPE IN PERCENTAGE
Skilled 55%
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Unskilled 45%
Permanent 90%
Casual 10%
HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PROCESS
The sequence of the activities performed by UNIVERSAL JEANS Limited to ensure quality
people on the right job is given below:
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Human Resource PlanningHuman Resource Planning
RecruitmentRecruitment
SelectionSelection
OrientationOrientation
TrainingTraining
PerformancePerformance
Compensation &Benefits
Compensation &Benefits
Career DevelopmentCareer Development
JOB ANALYSIS AND JOB DESIGN
Job analysis is the method used to determine what types of manpower are needed to perform the
jobs of the organization. Job analysis is one of the most important task that performed by the HR
staff. Through job analysis the vacant position is find out and the job description and job
specification is prepared. Job description is the duties or responsibilities that an employee need
to perform at the time of doing job. Job specification is the quality and knowledge that an
employee needs to fill the vacant position. Universal Jeans Ltd is very much conscious about
preparing these and trying to select the best employees who have the required quality.
The supervisor or HR specialist normally collects one of the following types of information:
First he or she collects information about the job actual work activities such as
marketing, sewing, production. This list also include how, why and when the worker
performance each activity.
Collects the information about educational background and qualification.
Experience must be needed for top level management.
Variety refers to the use of different skills and talents to complete an array of work tasks
and activities.
HR specialist collects information related to operation and responsibilities for specific job. This
is the primary and pre-condition before recruiting and selecting a person. UNIVERSAL JEANS
LTD follows job analysis before employee recruitment.
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JOB DESCRIPTION
Job description is an organized and factual statement of the duties and responsibilities for a
particular job. Universal Jeans Ltd follows job analysis, job specification and job description for
every job.
JOB SPECIFICATION
It is a statement of minimum acceptance of human qualities necessary to perform a job properly.
The company selects employees according to job specification
PROCEDURE OF EMPLOYMENT
In the procurement procedure, Universal Jeans Ltd follows the following process:
All workers are procured according to the labor law.
There is no discrimination among employees in behavior on the basis of religion,
gender, rite, ritual etc.
The recruiting committee recruits workers.
Newspaper, poster or any other media are used for recruiting process.
A passport size photographs with C.V and other necessary documents must be
submitted by the applicant.
The age of the workers must not be less than 18 years.
Before appointment everyone need to submit the birth certificate.
Workers need to submit the medical certificate, certificate of age from union council
chairman or commissioner certificate before the final appointment.
Anyone cannot be forced to work. Any kind of deed or liability bound worker will not
get appointment here.
Appointed all workers will be provided the appointment letter.
If any worker is not terminated within the first six month of his/her appointment then
The worker will be treated as the permanent worker automatically.
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EMPLOYEE RECRUITMENT & SELECTION PROCESS In most of the organizations, the human resources are properly viewed as their most important
assets. For employee recruitment and selections, the company consider following factors to
formulate principle:
Needs of employee for present and future.
Opportunities of collection and selection.
Economic conditions.
Goals.
Organizational style.
Nature of the tasks.
Departmental manager who decides that he needs to add to his staff or to replace someone who is
leaving the organization customarily initiates the process of searching for a new employee.
Commonly he makes a written request to the personnel department stating that he wishes to hire
someone to fill a specific vacancy. The position to be filled is defined in terms of its job
description and of its job specification (human qualifications). The hiring activity should be
integrated with the human resources plans of the company.
Now we will see the recruitment and selection process of the company. Recruitment and
selection for employee and worker is different. Here I will explain it separately. Today’s
organizations are trying to treat human resource as capital for them. Because its success and
failure in most of the cases depends on the performance of the people working in it. So recruiting
and selecting the right personnel is very important task for the HR department.
Our visiting industry Universal Jeans Ltd is practicing separate procedure for recruiting and
selecting employee and worker. This procedure is explained below:
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THE PERSONNEL RECRUITMENT PROCESS
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Internal Method
Human Resource PlanningHuman Resource Planning
Alternatives to RecruitmentAlternatives to Recruitment
Personnel RecruitmentPersonnel Recruitment
Internal sources External sources
External Method
RecruitedIndividual
RECRUITMENT AND SELECTION OF EMPLOYEE
RECRUITMENT
In case of recruiting employee the company uses both internal and external sources including
employee referrals. When any departmental manager thinks that he needs staff to fill any vacant
position or replace any employee, he sends a written request to the personnel department. Then
the personnel department searches their internal sources to fill the position. If it is required to use
external source it gives advertisement in different media. Appropriate media selection is very
crucial as it relates to some factors like budget, nature of position etc. Most of the cases
company uses the following media.
News paper
Internet
Employee referrals
Private employment agencies
School placement
Others
The company also collects the applications from applicants by post or courier service and
others.
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Gate entry (Eye view selection)
Gate entry (Eye view selection)
Token collection Token collection
Primary assessment Primary assessment
Doctor age verification
Doctor age verification
Technical test
Technical test
Final board interview Final board interview
Joining proper distribution
Joining proper distribution
Orientation
Orientation
Placement
Placement
Fig: Workers Recruitment Process
SELECTION
After recruitment, the company maintains selection procedure. Universal Jeans Ltd makes a short
list of applicants from among all before selection test. This type of short list is prepared on the
basis of qualification and experience. Normally the company follows the following test for
selection of employee.
Written (subjective type) test (industrial law & other related issues)
Written (MCQ type) test,
Oral test
Medical test
After making short list, a written (subjective type & MCQ type) test is taken from the selected
candidates then another short list is prepared for final oral test. Final selection is done from the
oral test. The whole selection process can be shown in the following simple diagram.
For senior manager: The post is filled up through promotion and hiring from other
manufacturing concerns.
For Junior Manager/Brand Manager: As this is an entry-level/mid level position in
management, Human resource department undertakes a series organization tests. All the
candidates are required to sit for written test. Written test, interview, physical test, group
performance test, physical examination is also undertaken. Then the potential candidates are
human resource Manager.
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Advertisement Short List
Written Test
Oral Test
Appointment
For staff: Departmental manger gives instruction to HRM to attract fight people.
WAGES AND SALARY ADMINISTRATION
Salary is the reward that paid by the employer to the employee for performing his assign duty.
Universal Jeans Ltd has a salary structure and they follow this structure at the time of paying
salary. According to this structure the salary varies employee to employee. The variation in
salary occurs due to some factor. Personnel department has its own policy for salary and wage
administration. There are some bases for setting pay. Universal Jeans Ltd considers the
followings as basis for salary and wage administration.
There are some bases for setting pay. These are as follows:
Seniority
Experience
Performance
Position
Academic qualification
Others
Average Pay Scale per Month for employee’s US$50.00.The minimum wages for worker is BDT
2100.00. Other than the basic salary the company pays some extra allowances to the employees
such as
Medical allowances
House rent
Provident fund 8.33%
UNIVERSAL JEANS provide two Eid bonuses to employees and workers
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TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT PROCESS
With the advancement of technology, wide use of computerization and related sophistication has
increased the need for training in universal Jeans Ltd. The company has a separate training
department in which a continuing training system is maintained. Employees are also sending to
train up in foreign country.
Universal Jeans Ltd. arranges training program for achieving the following purpose :
Increase performance
Making employee valuable
Motivation
Changing behavior
Improve skills
Increase production
Reduce wages
Development of human relation
Reduce supervision
Increase self-confidence
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TYPES OF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM
ON THE JOB TRAINING
On the job training is a training that shows the employee how to perform the job and allows him
or her to do it under the trainer’s supervision. On the job training is normally given by a senior
employee or a manager like senior merchandiser or a manager. The employee is shown how to
perform the job and allowed to do it under the trainer’s supervision.
APPRENTICESHIP TRAINING
Apprenticeship training provides beginning worker with comprehensive training in the practical
and theoretical expect of work required in a highly skilled occupation. Apprenticeship program
combined of the job and classroom training to prepare worker for more than eight hundred
occupation such as computer operator, sewing technician. Universal Jeans Limited provides
training program at every “Saturday and Thursday” to the all lower level employees.
For workers:
On the job training
Apprenticeship training
Workshop basis training
For technical staff:
In plant
On the job training
For officials:
Seminar
Work shop.
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OFF THE JOB TRAINING
High officials are given off the job training. Accounting to this method includes lecture,
Workshop, Seminar, video Conferencing and other theoretical method which are helpful for
policy and strategy making set up objectives and goals.
QUALITY PEOPLE
Retaining the quality people in an organization is an important task for HRD. Every organization
wants to retain quality, experienced and efficient manpower to its organization. For retaining
quality people Universal Jeans Ltd. follows several procedure, those are as bellows|
Motivation
Promotion
Provide extra facility
Training
Performance evaluation.
MOTIVATION
Motivation indicates the motive that activates the organization. Motivation can be defined as the
process that account for an individual’s intensity, direction, and persistence of effort toward
attaining a goal. The three key elements in this definition are important.
In motivating the employees the HR department of UNIVERSAL JEANS Ltd. has introduced
Intrinsic factors or Motivational factor which is related to job satisfaction such as recognition,
growth, advancement, work itself and achievement etc.
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Extrinsic factors are associated with dissatisfaction such as company policy, administration,
supervisions and salaries. If extrinsic or hygiene factors are available than employees will not be
dissatisfied, it does not mean that employees are satisfied. Because, these are very common
factors and exist in every organization.
UNIVERSAL JEANS Ltd motivates their employees through some facilities. These are:
Handsome basic pay
Increment in basic pay
Job security
Job status
Good behavior
PROMOTION/DEMOTION
The most important policy question in promotion is the relative significance of seniority and
competence. In recent times potentiality and competency are considered as most important basis
for promotion. Though there is an increasing pressure and tendency, to give more weight to
seniority in making promotions, because of the great importance that worker attach to length of
service. Like public concerns, they do not have any system of demotion. HRM urged that the
incompetent employee has to be trained.
The basis of promotion system in Universal Jeans Limited:-
o Seniority
o Experience
o Performance
o Academic qualifications
o Skills
o Political pressure
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They do not have system of demotion. HRM urged that the incompetent employee has to be
trained.
TRANSFER
Transfer is defined as the act of shifting an employee one place to another without changing the
rank or status .To strengthen other weaker department of company Universal Jeans Ltd. usually
follows transfer policy.
TRAINING DIVISION
Universal Jeans Ltd. has the company compliance department for production related employees
and employers. They arrange an orientation program for the workers and give training about
First Aid Medicare, PPE, Fire Fighting, Chemical use and so on. There is a separate department
named Industrial Engineering Department for training. During the year in a specific time from
this department the training workshop schedule is announced and the training is given.
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION
Performance evaluation is the process of deciding how an employee does his jobs. It is a process
for evaluating the past performance of an employee by his supervising officer who is conversant
with the employees’ job performance. There are two types of performance appraisals.
There are two types of performance appraisals.
1. Traditional performance appraisal
2. Result oriented performance appraisal
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Universal Jeans Ltd. evaluate performance of employees by the following process
Immediate superior
Peers
Self-evaluation
Immediate subordinates
In Universal Jeans Ltd. result oriented performance appraisal is followed. There is a
continuous evaluation system for performance appraisal. The company has professional
appraisers to evaluate the performance. For evaluating performance, this company uses an
appraisal form to be filled by nominee’s associates and superior.
BENEFITS
Financial Benefits: Financial benefits are as follows:
o Salary
o Two Bonuses (half yearly or festival)
o Allowances
o Attendance bonus
o Performance bonus(80% up)
o Payment for gained leave
o 10% regular increment & 15% for best performance
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o One day salary for one day work
Non-financial Benefits: Non-financial benefits are as follows:
o Communications/transport
o Free medical services
o Entertainment
o Child care facility
o Group insurance
o Entertainment
JOB ROTATION
Universal Jeans Ltd. follows job rotation strongly when employees feel fatigue and monotony
because of continuation of job. It indicates change the job for sometimes in order to minimize
fatigue and monotony of particular employees
ABSENTEEISM
Absenteeism means not attending in the work place due to some personal or physical sickness.
Universal Jeans Ltd measures the absenteeism rate daily. And talking with the concern people
we come to that the reason of absenteeism is Sickness, Family Problem. And the rate of
absenteeism in Universal Jeans Ltd is 5%.
DISCIPLINARY ACTION
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Mostly non co-operation results in indiscipline. Various factors like social, economic and
cultural also play a significant role in causing indiscipline. In Universal Jeans Ltd. the
employees, who are not accepting the responsibility of self-discipline, concern authority takes
some disciplinary actions.
The disciplinary actions taken by department are given below:
ORAL WARNING
The mildest form of discipline is oral warning. Supervisor or upper level employee clearly
inform employee of the rule that has been violated and the problem that this infraction has
caused. They allow the employee to respond and correct his\her behavior.
SUSPENSION
Manager of Universal Jeans Ltd. also punishes employees who break the rule by giving suspension order as a disciplinary action. . This may be a short layoff, without pay.
Show Case is another disciplinary action taken by the company
LABOR TURNOVER
Labor turnover refers to the movement into an out of an organization during a definite period. There are various effects of labor turnover. These are:
Deceases of team spirit.
Increasing the training cost
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Increasing the administrating expenses.
Difficulty of optimum use of machinery.
UNIVERSAL JEANS also faces problem in case of labor turnover. But there is only 5%
labor turnover in previous years due to the employee’s personal interest. To reduce the
employee turnover the company gives the promotion and increases the salary.
INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP
In UNIVERSAL JEANS there is a good management-worker relationship. The company
always tries to maintain good interpersonal relationship of employees. It improves employee
morality and organization’s citizenship. The company improves their interpersonal
relationship through attending party, meeting, counseling, annual picnic and official festival.
PARTICIPATIVE DECISION-MAKING
Participative decision-making is one of the core concepts of industrial democracy. Industrial
democracy is the modern global world phenomenon. UNIVERSAL JEANS takes
participative decision making, but do not encourage CBA. Their workers are well satisfied
and do not want CBA. Although they do not encourage CBA but take participative decision.
INDUSTRIAL DISPUTES
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There are various forms of industrial disputes like:
Strike
Sit-down
Lock-out
Go slow, etc.
In UNIVERSAL JEANS, there is no industrial disputes and conflicting situation.
EMPLOYEE MORALE
The company emphasis on group moral rather than personal. It has no particular system in
measuring the morale of employee. Being an employee of this concern the entire employee
possesses good social status and therefore, they have high morale. The organization has good
reputation in practicing ethical business. To ensure the ethical behavior of the employees it
follows basic policies.
Not to do any unethical business.
Avoiding market and price manipulation practices.
Giving tax (Customs, Income, duty, others).
Not to offer and receive bribe for doing any thing.
Social welfare involvement
INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS
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Industrial relation occurs within dynamic conflict situation which is permanent and
unalterable so long as the structure of society of the social remains unaltered. UNIVERSAL
JEANS LTD .follows the industrial relation ordinance of 1969 properly. The existence
relationship between labor and management is good. The management tries to develop the
relation with the labors. There are no trade union activities in the organization. The worker
welfare committee discussed with BGMEA to solve the any problem.
The company also emphasizes on the following factors to develop industrial relation
Payment the proper wages within due time.
Ensure better working condition.
Arrangement training facilities.
Ensuring participatory management
CODE OF CONDUCT OF UNIVERSAL JEANS LTD
PROCEDURE FOR LEAVE APPLICATION
All workers must apply for leave in a particular application form.
There should be the recommendation of the branch supervisor.
In case of leave, all necessary documents need to attach with the
application form.
Before leaving the work place, all necessary work need to be
completed. After the approval of leave, one can enjoy the leave.
The procedures may be flexible on the situation basis, but after
enjoying the leave all necessary formalities need to be completed
within the next three days.
Leave is not a right, but it is facility provided by the company and
the decision of the authority will be final for leave approval.
If anyone enjoys extra leave in addition to the approval leave and if
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he/she fails to prove the causes of absent, then the additional
absenteeism will be treated as misconduct and the person may be
punishable.
If Friday or any other government holidays are same days with
approved leave then these leave also treated as leave and it will be
subtract from the total leave approved.
Authority holds the right to declare the holiday in any day instead
of the weekly holiday.
Sick leave must be approved by the recommendation of the
registered doctor.
To get annual/earned leave any worker needs to serve minimum
one year in this factory, and one can enjoy these earned leave in
next year during his /her service.
If any woman worker serves in this factory regularly for six month,
then she can enjoy the maternity leave. But she cannot enjoy this
leave if her two or more child alive. Woman worker must submit the
report of pregnancy. The necessity of the leave with details report
by doctor must be submitted.
For getting leave, one needs to apply in a particular form, and the
recommendations of the head of the department need to convey to
the HR Department.
INSTRUCTIONS FOR NEWLY APPOINTED WORKER
After getting the appointment letter or joining in the work one will
report to the assistant manager of the human resource department.
Departmental head then will take the necessary steps for orientation.
The officer of the human resource department will give the answer
and suggestion about the allowance, overtime, food arrangement,
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transportation facilities, reporting and leave time, responsibilities and
the protective measure.
Smoking is prohibited in the factory. One cannot smoke even in the
bathroom or toilet.
The illegal use or steal the company’s goods outside is punishable act.
Workers need to help the security guard of the factory in the gate for
charge and ask for.
One needs to know about the protective measure and the use of the
machineries or tools from the controller officer.
If any inconvenience or complain is not solved by the controller officer,
then its need to inform the human resource department.
If you have any complain or suggestion, you can get the attention of
the authority through submitting it in the written form in the Universal
Jeans Ltd Complain box.
WORKERS PROTECTED RIGHTS
According to BEPZA authority instructions, protects the following
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workers rights-
Minimum Salary/Wage: Monthly total minimum wages is the sum of 50
Dollars. In total wages, 60% percent is the basic salary and remaining
40% is treated as other allowances.
Any worker cannot be forced to work more than 8 hours per day with
overtime and not more than 60 hours weekly.
No workers are prohibited to do overtime. Overtime must be voluntary.
Without the permission of the BEPZA authority, women workers cannot be employed for
work after 8 pm. For overtime work, it must be paid at double the standard wage.
The rate overtime that is additional work determines the amount of the allowance of
Blue Sandblast Denim SkirtBlue Zip Off Leg TrouserGirls denim Trouser
Quality is the totality of a feature and characteristics of a product or service that bear on
its ability to satisfy, an implied needs. Universal Jeans satisfy most of its buyer's needs
most of the time, so we can say that it's a quality company. Their mission is to produce
world class and high quality readymade garments. But it is important to distinguish between
conformance quality and performance quality.
DESIGN
It serves buyer over e-mail, attachment, disk, and hard copy. All are implemented
through own CADS section. As a result they can design their products according to
buyer's instructions very easily.
FEATURES
There are many features of their product. One of them is Universal Jeans produce the high
quality denim garments with different wash, different design which is not available in
other garments industry.
BRAND NAME
We know a brand is a name, term, sign, symbol or design, or a combination of them
tended to identify the goods or service of one seller or group of seller and to differentiate them
from those of competitors `. Universal Jeans Ltd. achieves the honor of best jeans wear
manufacturer in Bangladesh. And it represents the Bangladesh as a brand on whole
world. So, most of the foreign buyers choose the Universal Jeans Ltd. to produce their
garments product.
Universal Jeans Ltd. deals with the world famous brand. These are given below:
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PACKAGING
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GAP
LEE
C&A
LIN DEX
CHARLES VOGELE
H&
MASH
UNIQLO
TOM TAYLOROLD NAVY 4
LEE FUNG 4
GAP
LEE
C&A
LIN DEX
CHARLES VOGELE
H&
MASH
UNIQLO
TOM TAYLOROLD NAVY 4
LEE FUNG 4
Universal Jeans ltd. performs their packaging works on the basis of buyer's demand.
Different buyer wants different types of packaging. For example, USA buyer packaging
depends on their own geographical needs.
SERVICE
Universal Jeans Ltd. provide the value added service or simply excellent buyer
service to differentiate themselves such as provide samples, maintain quality, ensure the
shipment with in time, provide technical know how to the buyer, sending representative
in already for negotiating with buyer's, make answer of buyers question. Performing in
various social and business programmers, participate in international trade fair etc.
PRICE
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Price is the second component of marketing mix. Price is define "the amount of money charged for a product or service, or the sum of the values that consumer exchanges for the benefits of having or using the product or service.
There are many factors which influence a company price setting. It shown on a diagram:
Figure: Key factor that influence Price setting
In setting price the following factors are considered:
Production cost
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Price Setting
Pricing objective
Price of other product
Price flexibility
Demand
Cost Legal environment
Discount & allowance
Mark up chain in channel
Competition Geographic pricing term
Competitors offering
Special Situation
Variation in demand
Universal Jeans follows cost based pricing and value based pricing strategy for setting price for
their product. Universal Jeans Ltd. is a 100% export oriented company; its price is usually
high. Price is negotiating at buyer meeting between two parties, manufacturer and buyer. On
that meeting based on buyer sample, manufacturer quotes, to buyer with review different
sample and finally price is selected after negotiation between two parties. They discriminate
price on the basis of quality, cash payment on account, quality of order.
PLACE
The third P- place – concerned with all the decision involved in getting the right product
to the target market place. A product is not much good to a customer if isn't available ,
and where is wanted. Universal Jeans Ltd. is a 100% export oriented company. So its
product is not available in Bangladesh and other subcontinent country. There maximum
buyer is European. So their product is available in European market.
CHANNEL
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A product reached customer through a channel of distribution. A channel of distribution is many
series of firm that participate in the flow of product from producer to final user or customer.
Intermediaries those can handle this responsibilities.
But Universal jeans Ltd., handle there overall process by themselves. There are no third
party deals in the distribution process.
Channel of distribution of Universal Jeans Ltd
COVERAGE
Universal Jeans Ltd. covers the wide geographic area like Europe,USA,Japan,Canada,etc. And
Universal jeans Ltd. deals with the world famous brand. They expand their business most
of the country the world. They capture most of the European country. Lists of the country
name, where Universal jeans Ltd. operate their business are given below:
U.K .
Germany Sweden
Netherlands
USA
Japan
Hong Kong
France
Norway
Denmark
Switzerland
Poland
Canada
Spain
Middle East
INVENTORY
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Universal Jeans Ltd. imports most of the raw material. Because buyer specified which
kind of raw material should be used in their product.
TRANSPORTATION
Universal jeans Ltd. export its product through the Sea or Air. Most of the time they export their
product by Sea. Because sea port is nearer from the EPZ, it contains on large volume of product
at a time. Frequently, the transportation cost would be minimized. But it depends on the buyer.
They should mention on their contract by which way they should receive the product. . The
company has an own transport department and have cargo carrier .The air transportation use only
for urgency met the customer demand.
PROMOTION
To communicate with buyer or consumer, a company can use one or more of five
promotional alternatives: advertising, personal selling, sales promotion, direct marketing and
public relation. UNIVERSAL JEANS Ltd always tries to maintain the product quality. This is
their only promotional activity for attracting the foreign buyers. Because this company is
completely different from any other type of production oriented company in regard of buyer
attractiveness, buyer convince and getting order from buyer. As a result, in most of the times, the
company get the order from world reputed branded products It is an established company so
they don't need to advertise their product. But when they prepare a new design or
sample, they need to inform the buyers about this product. On this situation they
introduce it through sent the sample to the buyer of different countries or the company
director visit the buyer's country. Universal Jeans Ltd. deals with their buyer through
face to face, telephone, and interactive electronic communication. But most of the
time buyer physically visits the factory, and then they deal with them. So personal
selling is more effective for Universal Jeans Ltd., rather than other promotional
alternative.
EXPORT & IMPORT
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Universal Jeans main exporter countries are USA, UK, EU, Japan, Canada. The annual Export
volume of 7.68 mill dollar. Market demand supply are determined by buyers demand, they could
not export products from one EPZ to other EPZ within the country. They use water channel for
exporting their product maximum time. They give taxes for importing machinery which are not
include tax free privilege they also use their won C&F agent for export & import purpose. They
expect shipment, customs port facilities from government. Though the company gets facilities
from the govt. it faces some problems for smooth export such as:
Transportation
Timely accessories
Qualitative and timely raw materials
Complexity in customs clearance activities etc.
Though this is 100% export oriented industry, its import activities cannot be neglected because
all of the machines (sewing, cutting, drying etc.) are imported from Japan and Italy. Buyers
determine from where raw materials to be collected.
Support expected from the Government:
Solve the problem in port
Making the formality flexible in the custom.
Faster the port activity
Remove the labor unrest
They think if some specific measures are taken then a favorable export and import environment
can be expected.
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FINANCE DEPARTMENTFINANCE DEPARTMENT
FINANCE DEPARTMENT
The financial management is the custodian of the finance of the organization. The department
keeps all records of the payment and earnings, operating company’s account with the bank,
arrange funds as per requirement and deals with income tax for the tax matter of the company.
This department is responsible for maintaining proper account of the company’s property and
maintaining liaison with the owner for the financial matters regularly. Universal Jeans manage
the whole capital by itself. Its initial capital was 130 core taka but present capital is about 150
taka. It is not enlisted in share market. It is a profitable company. The sources of short term and
long term financing bath are managed by company, they are not taking any short term or long
term loan.
The key elements of financial management of Universal Jeans Ltd. are discussed below:
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CAPITAL AND CAPITAL STRUCTURE
The main source of capital is the directors’ investment in the company. The capital structure
normally follow paid up capital. At the time of starting this factory they have 130 core and now
its present capital is about 150 core. But in my practical findings, the company does not provide
any type of financial statement due to their business secrecy.
MARKET SHARE
Universal Jeans Ltd. does not enter share market. Therefore the company has no market share. It
is a private limited business entity.
SHORT TERM AND LONG TERM FINANCING
Most of the firm use short term financing to meet temporarily short falls, while permanent capital
(long term debt and equity) is used to meet long-term capital requirement. There are four basic
source of short term financing.
a. Account payable
b. Bank loan
c. Commercial paper
d. Accruals
Universal Jeans Ltd. provides short-term finance from company’s own sources. Long term
finance provide by directors and banks. The company has no problems of internal financing.
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SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
Universal Jeans follow business ethics. They perform social welfare employee welfare. Safe
water, fair employment, environment responsibilities, housing, transport Universal Jeans
enjoying tax holiday period. They provide internship facilities for the fresh graduate.
Creating Employment Opportunity.
Employing women worker in production procedure
Working environment for women
Educational Program for the child labor (through BGMEA & UNDP)
According to Company Law- not to employ child labor
Donation and rehabilitation program for the distressed people affected by nature
catastrophe like flood, storm, tornado etc.
Creating business opportunity for the linkage or support industry.
Training of the local people working in the factory through foreign experts
Besides they have Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) which is rarely found in our country. It is installed to keep safe our environment from the industrial wastage. It is very costly plant. But every organization must have it. How ETP works is given by the following diagram:
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SWOT ANALYSIS
The overall evaluation of a company's strengths, weaknesses, opportunity and threats is called SWOT analysis. It involves monitoring the external and internal marketing environment. We show the SWOT analysis by the following diagram:
The main objective of SWOT analysis is to find out the internal strength that is in which areas the organization is forward than its own competition and in which area it has lacking. At a time, the organization can understand about the opportunities that are available in the market place for his organization and the threats ahead from its competition.
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External Analysis
Internal Analysis
Weakness Opportunity Threat
SWOT Analysis
Strength
Positive Negative
I
nte
rnal Facto
rs
Strength(s)
Strong marketing team Modern washing plant Product innovation skill Latest sewing technique Well reputation in world market strong financial condition; ample financial
resource Own power station Modernized production plant Better product quality relative to rival Efficient and experience management team The strategic planning department exists
in the company, so new idea has been initiated within the firm.
A widely recognize market leader and an attractive buyer base
Weakness(w)
Most of the raw materials are imported from different countries. Sometime it takes long time. So production being hampered.
Less skilled and unskilled worker. Higher overall unit cost relative to
the key competitor
.
E
xte
rnal Facto
r
Opportunity(O)
Low production cost due to low paid workforce.
Universal Jeans earned good reputation among the buyer
Good marketing environment provided by EPZ authority
It is situated besides the sea port. So it might get facility to import and export the garments product.
Ability to grow rapidly because of sharply rising demand of jeans wear
Threats(T)
Due to the world recession, the monthly export decrease, so the market growth being slow down.
Availability of low price substitute product
Entry of new competitor. Increase market share of other
South Asian country like India, China and Pakistan
Growing bargaining power of buyer and supplier.
.
RECOMMENDATIONS
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Universal Jeans Ltd is one of the renowned apparel in this country. It has played a vital role for
the development of socio-economic condition of the country. Some recommendations are
provided to universal Jeans Ltd.:
.
Training of executives should be provided both in home and garment sector.
Foreign direct investment and joint venture should be encouraged.
The salary system should be well structured regarding the job responsibilities.
Re-structuring of labor salary for reducing frequent migration of labor.
Own supply of electricity should be maintained for the smooth production of RMG
industry.
Universal Jeans Ltd. should concentrate on making high value added items and exclusive
apparels.
Universal Jeans Ltd should attempt to obtain ISO certification for performing better in the
highly quality sensitive business arena.
The Company must have to appoint at least medium educated & Skill person.
The Company can develop the advertising promotion.
For meet the increasing international demand for this company’s garments, Universal
Jeans Ltd must have to expand its production capacity.
CONCLUSION
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Universal Jeans Ltd is one of the most successful and recognized Garments manufacturing
company. It serves the company by way of earning foreign currency and also solves the
unemployment problem of our country. The organization has bright future. On proper guidance
and supervision of the management the company added with the active and untiring effort forms
more than the targeted production and profit and earns a lot of foreign currency in our country
and also plays a good role for economic development of our country.
At last, I can say that the management portion of all departments (Production, HRM, R & D) of
Universal Jeans Limited is performing its job efficiently. In fact, the all departments are most
important equally to increase the productivity by low cost and to maintain the well reputation.
Besides this, the G.M, A.G.M, and other Executives are very much industrious and serious in
performing their jobs.
The organization is maintaining a high quality environment in accordance with the Labor act of
Bangladesh. Workers get adequate wages and they get their wages timely. So the workers are
satisfied and there are no industrial disputes or labor unrest.
There is no doubt that Universal Jeans Ltd has created a better image in the international market
by is quality product and services. Using advanced technology, the firm should maintain the
growth trend through satisfying valued clients at all times.