Midterm Study GuideFin 5170
Fall 2009
The exam will consist on multiple choices, and problems and may
be an essay question. I will ask a maximum of two questions taken
from the following material covered in class:
Chapter 1
Describe the concept of agency problems and different ways to
ameliorate agency problems in a corporationChapter 3
Example 3.7 (pages 65-66)
Use the concept of arbitrage to explain the price of Security A
in table 3.8, and Security B in table 3.9). Compute the risk
premium of both securities.
Example 3.10 in page 72
Example 3.11 in page 74
Problems 14, 17, 18 (pages 78-80)You will also have the
opportunity to answer several questions from the next pages:
Chapter 1 - The Corporation
1.1 The Four Types of Firms
2)
Which of the following organization forms for a business does
not avoid double taxation?
A)
Limited Partnership
B)
"C" Corporation
C)
"S" Corporation
D)
Limited Liability Company
Answer:
B
3)
Which of the following organization forms has the most
revenue?
A)
"S" Corporation
B)
Limited Partnership
C)
"C" Corporation
D)
Limited Liability Company
Answer:
C
4)
Which of the following organization forms accounts for the
greatest number of firms?
A)
"S" Corporation
B)
Limited Partnership
C)
Sole Proprietorship
D)
"C" Corporation
Answer:
C
5)
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of a sole
proprietorship?
A)
Single taxation
B)
Ease of setup
C)
Limited liability
D)
No separation of ownership and control
Answer:
C
6)
Which of the following statements regarding limited partnerships
is true?
A)
There is no limit on a limited partner's liability.
B)
A limited partner's liability is limited by the amount of their
investment.
C)
A limited partner is not liable until all the assets of the
general partners have been exhausted.
D)
A general partner's liability is limited by the amount of their
investment.
Answer:
B
7)
Which of the following is / are an advantage of
incorporation?
A)
Access to capital markets
B)
Limited liability
C)
Unlimited life
D)
All of the above
Answer:
D
9)
A limited liability company is essentially
A)
a limited partnership without limited partners.
B)
a limited partnership without a general partner.
C)
just another name for a limited partnership.
D)
just another name for a corporation.
Answer:
B
10)
The distinguishing feature of a corporation is that
A)
their is no legal difference between the corporation and its
owners.
B)
it is a legally defined, artificial being, separate from its
owners.
C)
it spreads liability for its corporate obligations to all
shareholders.
D)
provides limited liability only to small shareholders.
Answer:
B
12)
You own 100 shares of a "C" Corporation. The corporation earns
$5.00 per share before taxes. Once the corporation has paid any
corporate taxes that are due, it will distribute the rest of its
earnings to its shareholders in the form of a dividend. If the
corporate tax rate is 40% and your personal tax rate on (both
dividend and non-dividend) income is 30%, then how much money is
left for you after all taxes have been paid?
A)
$210
B)
$300
C)
$350
D)
$500
Answer:
A
Explanation:
A)
EPS number of shares (1 - Corporate Tax Rate) (1 - Individual
Tax Rate)
$5.00 per share 100 shares (1 - .40) x (1 - .30) = $210
B)
C)
D)
13)
You own 100 shares of a Sub Chapter "S" Corporation. The
corporation earns $5.00 per share before taxes. Once the
corporation has paid any corporate taxes that are due, it will
distribute the rest of its earnings to its shareholders in the form
of a dividend. If the corporate tax rate is 40% and your personal
tax rate on (both dividend and non-dividend) income is 30%, then
how much money is left for you after all taxes have been paid?
A)
$210
B)
$300
C)
$350
D)
$500
Answer:
C
Explanation:
A)
B)
C)
EPS number of shares (1 - Individual Tax Rate)
$5.00 per share 100 shares (1 - .30) = $350
D)
14)
You are a shareholder in a "C" corporation. This corporation
earns $4 per share before taxes. After it has paid taxes, it will
distribute the remainder of its earnings to you as a dividend. The
dividend is income to you, so you will then pay taxes on these
earnings. The corporate tax rate is 35% and your tax rate on
dividend income is 15%. The effective tax rate on your share of the
corporations earnings is closest to:
A)
15%
B)
35%
C)
45%
D)
50%
Answer:
C
Explanation:
A)
B)
C)
Fist the corporation pays taxes. It earned $4 per share, but
must pay $4 .35 = $1.40 to the government in corporate taxes. That
leaves $4.00 - $1.40 = $2.60 to distribute to the shareholders.
However, the shareholder must pay $2.60 .15 = $0.39 in income taxes
on this amount, leaving only $2.21 to the shareholder after all
taxes are paid. The total amount paid in taxes is $1.40 + 0.39 =
$1.79. The effective tax rate is then $1.79 $4 = .4475 or 44.75%
which is closest to 45%.
D)
1.2 Ownership Versus Control of Corporations
1)
In a corporation, the ultimate decisions regarding business
matters are made by
A)
the Board of Directors.
B)
debt holders.
C)
shareholders.
D)
investors.
Answer:
A
3)
The Principal-Agent Problem arises
A)
because managers have little incentive to work in the interest
of shareholders when this means working against their own
self-interest.
B)
because of the separation of ownership and control in a
corporation.
C)
Both A and B
D)
None of the above
Answer:
C
4)
If shareholders are unhappy with a CEO's performance, they are
most likely to
A)
buy more shares in an effort to gain control of the firm.
B)
file a shareholder resolution.
C)
replace the CEO through a grassroots shareholder uprising.
D)
sell their shares.
Answer:
D
5)
A ________, is when a rich individual or organization purchases
a large fraction of the stock of a poorly performing firm and in
doing so gets enough votes to replace the board of directors and
the CEO.
A)
shareholder proposal
B)
leveraged buyout
C)
shareholder action
D)
hostile takeover
Answer:
D
6)
Which of the following statements is false?
A)
In bankruptcy, management is given the opportunity to reorganize
the firm and renegotiate with debt holders.
B)
Because a corporation is a separate legal entity, when it fails
to repay its debts, the people who lent to the firm, the debt
holders are entitled to seize the assets of the corporation in
compensation for the default.
C)
As long as the corporation can satisfy the claims of the debt
holders, ownership remains in the hands of the equity holders.
D)
If the corporation fails to satisfy debt holders' claims, debt
holders may lose control of the firm.
Answer:
D
Explanation:
A)
B)
C)
D)
If the corporation fails to satisfy debt holders' claims, debt
holders may take control of the firm.
7)
What strategies are available to shareholders to help ensure
that managers are motivated to act in the interest of the
shareholders rather than their own interest?
Answer:
1.The threat of a hostile takeover
2.Shareholder initiatives
3.Performance based compensation
Chapter 2 - Introduction to Financial Statement Analysis
2.1 The Disclosure of Financial Information
1)
U.S. public companies are required to file their annual
financial statements with the U.S. Securities and Exchange
Commission on which form?
A)
10-A
B)
10-K
C)
10-Q
D)
10-SEC
Answer:
B
3)
The third party who checks annual financial statements to ensure
that they are prepared according to GAAP and verifies that the
information reported is reliable is the
A)
NYSE Enforcement Board.
B)
Accounting Standards Board.
C)
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).
D)
auditor.
Answer:
D
2.2 The Balance Sheet
1)
Which of the following balance sheet equations is incorrect?
A)
Assets - Liabilities = Shareholders' Equity
B)
Assets = Liabilities + Shareholders' Equity
C)
Assets - Current Liabilities = Long Term Liabilities
D)
Assets - Current Liabilities = Long Term Liabilities +
Shareholders' Equity
Answer:
C
3)
Accounts payable is a
A)
Long-term liability.
B)
Current Asset.
C)
Long-term asset.
D)
Current Liability.
Answer:
D
Use the table for the question(s) below.Consider the following
balance sheet:Luther Corporation
Consolidated Balance Sheet
December 31, 2006 and 2005 (in $ millions)
Assets20062005Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity20062005
Current AssetsCurrent Liabilities
Cash63.658.5Accounts payable87.673.5
Accounts receivable55.539.6Notes payable /
short-term debt10.59.6
Inventories45.942.9Current maturities of long-term
debt39.936.9
Other current assets6.03.0Other current liabilities6.012.0
Total current assets171.0144.0 Total current
liabilities144.0132.0
Long-Term AssetsLong-Term Liabilities
Land66.662.1 Long-term debt239.7168.9
Buildings109.591.5 Capital lease obligationss------
Equipment119.199.6Total Debt239.7168.9
Less accumulated
depreciation(56.1)(52.5)Deferred taxes22.822.2
Net property, plant, and equipment239.1200.7Other long-term
liabilities------
Goodwill60.0--Total long-term liabilities262.5191.1
Other long-term assets63.042.0Total liabilities406.5323.1
Total long-term assets362.1242.7Stockholders'
Equity126.663.6
Total Assets533.1386.7Total liabilities and Stockholders'
Equity533.1386.7
6)
What is Luther's net working capital in 2005?
A)
$12 million
B)
$27 million
C)
$39 million
D)
$63.6 million
Answer:
A
Explanation:
A)
NWC = current assets - current liabilities = 144 - 132 = $12
million
B)
C)
D)
7)
If in 2006 Luther has 10.2 million shares outstanding and these
shares are trading at $16 per share, then Luther's Market-to-book
ratio would be closest to:
A)
0.39
B)
0.76
C)
1.29
D)
2.57
Answer:
C
Explanation:
A)
B)
C)
MTB = market cap / book value of equity = (10.2 million 16) /
126.6 = 163.2 / 126.6 = 1.289
D)
8)
When using the book value of equity, the debt to equity ratio
for Luther in 2006 is closest to:
A)
2.21
B)
2.29
C)
2.98
D)
3.03
Answer:
B
Explanation:
A)
B)
D/E = Total Debt / Total Equity
Total Debt = (notes payable (10.5) + current maturities of
long-term debt (39.9) + long-term debt (239.7) = 290.1 million
Total Equity = 126.6, so D/E = 290.1 / 126.6 = 2.29
C)
D)
9)
If in 2006 Luther has 10.2 million shares outstanding and these
shares are trading at $16 per share, then using the market value of
equity, the debt to equity ratio for Luther in 2006 is closest
to:
A)
1.71
B)
1.78
C)
2.31
D)
2.35
Answer:
B
Explanation:
A)
B)
D/E = Total Debt / Total Equity
Total Debt = (notes payable (10.5) + current maturities of
long-term debt (39.9) + long-term debt (239.7) = 290.1 million
Total Equity = 10.2 $16 = 163.2, so D/E = 290.1 / 163.2 =
1.78
C)
D)
10)
If in 2006 Luther has 10.2 million shares outstanding and these
shares are trading at $16 per share, then what is Luther's
Enterprise Value?
A)
-$63.3 million
B)
$353.1 million
C)
$389.7 million
D)
$516.9 million
Answer:
C
Explanation:
A)
B)
C)
Enterprise value = MVE + Debt - Cash = 10.2 $16 + 290.1 - 63.6 =
389.7
D)
11)
Luther's current ratio for 2006 is closest to:
A)
0.84
B)
0.87
C)
1.15
D)
1.19
Answer:
D
Explanation:
A)
B)
C)
D)
current ratio = current assets / current liabilities = 171 / 144
= 1.19
2.3 The Income Statement
1)
Which of the following statements regarding the income statement
is incorrect?
A)
The income statement shows the earnings and expenses at a given
point in time.
B)
The income statement shows the flow of earnings and expenses
generated by the firm between two dates.
C)
The last or "bottom" line of the income statement shows the
firm's net income.
D)
The first line of an income statement lists the revenues from
the sales of products or services.
Answer:
A
Explanation:
A)
B)
C)
D)
Use the table for the question(s) below.Consider the following
income statement and other information:Luther Corporation
Consolidated Income Statement
Year ended December 31 (in $ millions)
20062005
Total sales610.1578.3
Cost of sales(500.2)(481.9)
Gross profit109.996.4
Selling, general, and
administrative expenses(40.5)(39.0)
Research and development(24.6)(22.8)
Depreciation and amortization(3.6)(3.3)
Operating income41.231.3
Other income------
Earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT)41.231.3
Interest income (expense)(25.1)(15.8)
Pretax income16.115.5
Taxes(5.5)(5.3)
Net income10.610.2
Price per share$16$15
Shares outstanding (millions)10.28.0
Stock options outstanding (millions)0.30.2
Stockholders' Equity126.663.6
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity533.1386.7
4)
For the year ending December 31, 2006 Luther's earnings per
share are closest to:
A)
$1.01
B)
$1.04
C)
$1.58
D)
$4.04
Answer:
B
Explanation:
A)
B)
EPS = Net Income / Shares Outstanding = $10.6 / 10.2 = $1.04
C)
D)
6)
Luther's Operating Margin for the year ending December 31, 2005
is closest to:
A)
1.8%
B)
2.7%
C)
5.4%
D)
16.7%
Answer:
C
Explanation:
A)
B)
C)
Operating Margin = Operating Income / Sales
OM = 31.3 / 578.3 = .054 or 5.4%
D)
7)
Luther's Net Profit Margin for the year ending December 31, 2005
is closest to:
A)
1.8%
B)
2.7%
C)
5.4%
D)
16.7%
Answer:
A
Explanation:
A)
Net Profit Margin = Net Income / Total Sales = 10.2 / 578.3 =
.018 or 1.8%
B)
C)
D)
8)
Luther's earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and
amortization (EBITDA) for the year ending December 31, 2006 is
closest to:
A)
19.7 million
B)
37.6 million
C)
41.2 million
D)
44.8 million
Answer:
D
Explanation:
A)
B)
C)
D)
EBITDA = EBIT + Depreciation & Amortization = 41.2 + 3.6 = $
44.8 million
9)
Luther's return on equity (ROE) for the year ending December 31,
2006 is closest to:
A)
2.0%
B)
6.5%
C)
8.4%
D)
12.7%
Answer:
C
Explanation:
A)
B)
C)
ROE = Net income / shareholders' equity = 10.6 / 126.6 = .084 or
8.4%
D)
10)
Luther's return on assets (ROA) for the year ending December 31,
2006 is closest to:
A)
2.0%
B)
6.5%
C)
8.4%
D)
12.7%
Answer:
A
Explanation:
A)
ROA = Net income / total assets.This is a little tricky in that
total assets aren't given in the problem. The student must remember
the basic balance sheet equation A = L + SE. Total Liabilities and
Shareholders' Equity is given and this is the same as total assets.
So ROA = 10.6 / 533.1 = .020 or 2.0%
B)
C)
D)
1
11. Luther's price - earnings ration (P/E) for the year ending
December 31, 2006 is closest to:
A)
7.9
B)
10.1
C)
15.4
D)
16.0
Answer:
C
Explanation:
A)
B)
C)
P/E = Price / EPS or Market Cap / Earnings = (10.2 $16) / $10.6
= 15.4
D)
2.4 The Statement of Cash Flows
1)
Which of the following is not a section on the cash flow
statement?
A)
Income generating activities
B)
Investing activities
C)
Operating activities
D)
Financing activities
Answer:
A
Explanation:
A)
B)
C)
D)
2.6 Accounting Manipulation
1)
In response to corporate scandals such as Enron and WorldCom, in
2002 congress passed a law that requires, among other things, that
CEOs and CFOs certify the accuracy and appropriateness of their
firm's financial statements and increases he penalties against them
if the financial statements later prove to be fraudulent. The name
of this act is?
A)
The Glass-Steagall Act
B)
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act
C)
The Accuracy in Accounting Act
D)
The McCain-Feingold Act
Answer:
B
Explanation:
A)
B)
C)
D)
Chapter 3 - Arbitrage and Financial Decision Making
7)
You have an investment opportunity in Germany that requires an
investment of $250,000 today and will produce a cash flow of
208,650 in one year with no risk. Suppose the risk-free rate of
interest in Germany is 6% and the current competitive exchange rate
is 0.78 to $1.00. What is the NPV of this project? Would you take
the project?
A)
NPV = 0; No
B)
NPV = 2,358; No
C)
NPV = 2,358; Yes
D)
NPV = 13,650; Yes
Answer:
C
Explanation:
A)
B)
C)
NPV = -250,000 + (208,650 / 1.06) $1.00 / 0.78 = 2358, so since
NPV > 0, accept
D)
Use the table for the question(s) below.ProjectCash flow
todayCash flow
in one year
"eenie"-1015
"meenie"10-8
"minie"-1520
"moe"10-15
10)
If the risk-free interest rate is 10%, then of the four projects
listed, if you could only invest in one project, which on e would
you select?
A)
Eenie
B)
Meenie
C)
Minie
D)
Moe
Answer:
A
Explanation:
A)
Eenie has highest NPV
NPV Eenie = -10 + 15 / 1.1 = 3.64
NPV Meenie = 10 - 8 / 1.1 = 2.73
NPV Minie = -15 + 20 / 1.1 = 3.18
NPV moe = 10 - 15 / 1.1 = -3.64
B)
C)
D)
11)
If the risk-free interest rate is 10%, then of the four projects
listed, which project would you never want to invest in?
A)
Eenie
B)
Meenie
C)
Minie
D)
Moe
Answer:
D
Explanation:
A)
B)
C)
D)
Moe has negative NPV
NPV Eenie = -10 + 15 / 1.1 = 3.64
NPV Meenie = 10 - 8/1.1 = 2.73
NPV Minie = -15 + 20 / 1.1 = 3.18
NPV moe = 10 - 15 / 1.1 = -3.64
3.4 Arbitrage and the Law of One Price
2)
Which of the following statements regarding the Law of One Price
is incorrect?
A)
At any point in time, the price of two equivalent goods trading
in different competitive markets will be the same.
B)
One useful consequence of the Law of One Price is that when
evaluating costs and benefits to compute a net present value, we
can use any competitive price to determine a cash value, without
checking the price in all possible markets.
C)
If equivalent goods or securities trade simultaneously in
different competitive markets, then they will trade for the same
price in both markets.
D)
An important property of the Law of One Price is that it holds
even in markets where arbitrage is not possible.
Answer:
D
Explanation:
A)
B)
C)
D)
Use the table for the question(s) below.Consider the following
prices from a McDonald's Restaurant:
Big Mac Sandwich$2.99
Large Coke$1.39
Large Fry$1.09
4)
A McDonald's Big Mac value meal consists of a Big Mac Sandwich,
Large Coke, and a Large Fry. Assume that there is a competitive
market for McDonald's food items and that McDonalds sells the Big
Mac value meal for $4.79. Does an arbitrage opportunity exists and
if so how would you exploit it and how much would you make on one
extra value meal?
A)
Yes, buy extra value meal and then sell Big Mac, Coke, and Fries
to make arbitrage profit of $0.68
B)
No, no arbitrage opportunity exists
C)
Yes, buy Big Mac, Coke, and Fries then sell value meal to make
arbitrage profit of $1.09
D)
Yes, buy Big Mac, Coke, and Fries then sell value meal to make
arbitrage profit of $0.68
Answer:
A
Explanation:
A)
Buy value meal and sell Big Mac, Coke and Fries
-4.79 + 2.99 + 1.39 + 1.09 = 0.68 (so arbitrage exists)
B)
C)
D)
5)
Walgreen Company (NYSE: WAG) is currently trading at $48.75 on
the NYSE. Walgreen Company is also listed on NASDAQ and assume it
is currently trading on NASDAQ at $48.50. Does an arbitrage
opportunity exists and if so how would you exploit it and how much
would you make on a block trade of 100 shares?
A)
No, no arbitrage opportunity exists
B)
Yes, buy on NASDAQ and sell on NYSE, make $25
C)
Yes, buy on NYSE and sell on NASDAQ, make $25
D)
Yes, buy on NASDAQ and sell on NYSE, make $250
Answer:
B
Explanation:
A)
B)
Yes, buy 100 shares 48.50 and sell 100 shares 48.75 = $25.00
C)
D)
7)
Advanced Micro Devices (NYSE: AMD) is currently trading at
$20.75 on the NYSE. Advanced Micro Devices is also listed on NASDAQ
and assume it is currently trading on NASDAQ at $20.50. Does an
arbitrage opportunity exists and if so how would you exploit it and
how much would you make on a block trade of 1000 shares?
Answer:
Yes, buy 1000 shares 20.50 and sell 1000 shares 20.75 =
$250.00
3.5 No-Arbitrage and Security Prices
1)
Which of the following statements regarding arbitrage and
security prices is incorrect?
A)
We call the price of a security in a normal market the
no-arbitrage price for the security.
B)
In financial markets it is possible to sell a security you do
not own by doing a short sale.
C)
When a bond is underpriced, the arbitrage strategy involves
selling the bond and investing some of the proceeds.
D)
The general formula for the no-arbitrage price of a security is
Price(security) = PV(All cash flows paid by the security).
Answer:
C
Explanation:
A)
B)
C)
D)
Use the information for the question(s) below.An independent
film maker is considering producing a new movie. The initial cost
for making this movie will be $20 million today. Once the movie is
completed, in one year, the movie will be sold to a major studio
for $25 million. Rather than paying for the $20 million investment
entirely using its own cash, the film maker is considering raising
additional funds by issuing a security that will pay investors $11
million in one year. Suppose the risk-free rate of interest is
10%.
6)
Without issuing the new security, the npv for this project is
closest to what amount? Should the film maker make the
investment?
A)
$1.7 million; Yes
B)
$1.7 million; No
C)
$2.7 million; Yes
D)
$2.7 million; No
Answer:
C
Explanation:
A)
B)
C)
NPV = -20 + 25 / 1.10 = $2.7 million, since NPV > 0 take the
investment
D)
8)
What is the NPV of this project if the film maker does not issue
the new security? What is the NPV if the film maker issues the new
security?
A)
$1.7 million; $1.7 million
B)
$1.7 million; $2.7 million
C)
$2.7 million; $1.7 million
D)
$2.7 million; $2.7 million
Answer:
D
Explanation:
A)
B)
C)
D)
NPV (no security) = -20 + 25 / 1.1 = $2.7
NPV(w/ security) = -10 + (25 - 11) / 1.10 = $2.7 million
Use the table for the question(s) below.SecurityCash flow
todayCash flow
in one year
A0100
B1000
C100100
9)
If the risk-free rate of interest is 7.5%, then the value of
security "A" is closest to:
A)
$91.00
B)
$92.50
C)
$93.00
D)
$100.00
Answer:
C
Explanation:
A)
B)
C)
= 100 / 1.075 = 93.02 which is approximately $93.00
D)
11)
If the value of security "C" is $180, then what must be the
value of security "A"?
A)
$80
B)
$90
C)
$100
D)
Unable to determine without the risk-free rate.
Answer:
A
Explanation:
A)
The cash flows from C are simply a combination of A & B, so
price(C) = price(A) + price(B) Since B is already in todays
dollars, price(B) must = 100, so price A = 180 - 100 = $80.
B)
C)
D)
Use the information for the question(s) below.An exchange traded
fund (ETF) is a security that represents a portfolio of individual
stocks. Consider an ETF for which each share represents a portfolio
of two shares of International Business Machines (IBM), three
shares of Merck (MRK), and three shares of Citigroup Inc. (C).
Suppose the current market price of each individual stock are shown
below:
StockCurrent Price
IBM$79.50
MRK$40.00
C$48.50
13)
Suppose that the ETF is trading for $424.50; you should
A)
sell the EFT and buy 2 shares of IBM, 3 shares of MRK, and 3
shares of C.
B)
sell the EFT and buy 3 shares of IBM, 2 shares of MRK, and 3
shares of C.
C)
buy the EFT and sell 2 shares of IBM, 3 shares of MRK, and 3
shares of C.
D)
do nothing, no arbitrage opportunity exists.
Answer:
D
Explanation:
A)
B)
C)
D)
Value of ETF = 2 79.50 + 3 40.00 + 3 48.50 = $424.50, so no
arbitrage opportunity exists
14)
Suppose a security with a risk-free cash flow of $1000 in one
year trades for $909 today. If there are no arbitrage
opportunities, then the current risk-free interest rate is closest
to:
A)
8%
B)
10%
C)
11%
D)
12%
Answer:
B
Explanation:
A)
B)
PV = FV / (1 + i) ==>>> (1 + i) = FV / PV = $1000 /
$909 = 1.10 so i = 10%
C)
D)
Use the information for the question(s) below.An exchange traded
fund (ETF) is a security that represents a portfolio of individual
stocks. Consider an ETF for which each share represents a portfolio
of two shares of International Business Machines (IBM), three
shares of Merck (MRK), and three shares of Citigroup Inc. (C).
Suppose the current market price of each individual stock are shown
below:
StockCurrent Price
IBM$79.50
MRK$40.00
C$48.50
15)
Assume that the ETF is trading for $426.00, what (if any)
arbitrage opportunity exists? What (if any) trades would you
make?
Answer:
Value of ETF = 2 79.50 + 3 40.00 + 3 48.50 = $424.50, so an
arbitrage opportunity exists. You should sell the EFT for $426.00
and buy 2 shares of IBM, 3 shares of MRK, and 3 shares of C.
3.6 The Price of Risk
1)
Which one of the following statements is false?
A)
When we compute the return of a security based on the average
payoff we expect to receive, we call it the expected return.
B)
The notion that investors prefer to have a safe income rather
than a risky one of the same average amount is call risk
aversion.
C)
Because investors are risk averse, the risk-free interest rate
is not the right rate to use when converting risky cash flows
across time.
D)
The more risk averse investors are, the higher the current price
of a risky asset will be compared to a risk-free bond.
Answer:
D
Explanation:
A)
B)
C)
D)
Use the table for the question(s) below.Market PriceCash Flow in
One Year
SecurityTodayPoor EconomyGood Economy
A2008400
B6000840
C???8404200
2)
Based upon the information provided about securities A, B, and
C, the risk-free rate of interest is closest to:
A)
4%
B)
5%
C)
8%
D)
10%
Answer:
B
Explanation:
A)
B)
We can construct the risk-free asset by forming a portfolio of A
and B. This portfolio has a certain payoff of $840. The price for
this portfolio is $800. We know that $800 = $840 / (1 + i) ==>
(1 + i) = 840 / 800 = 1.05 ==> i = .05 or 5%.
C)
D)
4)
Suppose a risky security pays an average cash flow of $100 in
one year. The risk-free rate is 5%, and the expected return on the
market index is 13%. If the returns on this security are high when
the economy is strong and low when the economy is weak, but the
returns vary by only half as much as the market index, what risk
premium is appropriate for this security?
A)
4%
B)
6.5%
C)
9%
D)
11%
Answer:
A
Explanation:
A)
Since the security is half as risky as the market, then the
risk-premium for the security should be half of the market risk
premium. The market risk premium is 13% - 5% = 8%, so the risk
premium on this security should be half of this or 4%.
B)
C)
D)
Use the table for the question(s) below.Market PriceCash Flow in
One Year
SecurityTodayPoor EconomyGood Economy
A2008400
B6000840
C???8404200
3.7 Arbitrage with Transaction Costs
1)
Which of the following statements is false?
A)
No arbitrage opportunities will exist until the underlying
prices diverge by more than the amount of the transaction
costs.
B)
Because you will generally pay a slightly lower price when you
buy a security (the ask price) than you receive when you sell (the
bid price) you will pay the bid-ask spread.
C)
The price of a security should equal the present value of its
cash flows, up to the transaction costs of trading the security and
the cash flows.
D)
In most markets, you must pay transactions costs to trade
securities.
Answer:
B
Explanation:
A)
B)
C)
D)
2)
Consider a bond that pays $1000 in one year. Suppose that the
market interest rate for savings is 8%, but the interest rate for
borrowing is 10%. The price range that this bond must trade in a
normal market if no arbitrage opportunities exist is closest
to:
A)
$909 to $917
B)
$909 to $926
C)
$917 to $926
D)
$909 to $1000
Answer:
B
Explanation:
A)
B)
VB @ 8% = 1000 / 1.08 = $926 VB @ 10% = 1000 / 1.10 = $909 so
range is 909 to 926
C)
D)
Use the table for the question(s) below.SecurityBidAsk
IBM79.4579.50
MRK39.9540.05
C48.5048.55
6)
Consider an ETF that is made up of one share each of IBM, MRK,
and C. The current quote for this ETF currently is $167.75 (bid)
$167.85 (ask). What should you do?
Answer:
There is an arbitrage opportunity. Buy the ETF at the ask of
$167.85 and sell the underlying securities at the bid prices. So we
have +79.45 + 39.95 + 48.50 - 167.85 = .05 arbitrage profit per
share
7)
Consider an ETF that is made up of one share each of IBM, MRK,
and C. The current quote for this ETF currently is $167.85 (bid)
$167.95 (ask). What should you do?
Answer:
Nothing, there is no arbitrage opportunity here. The ask price
must fall below $167.90 or the bid price must be above $168.10 for
there to be an arbitrage.
8)
Consider an ETF that is made up of one share each of IBM, MRK,
and C. The current quote for this ETF currently is $168.15 (bid)
$168.20 (ask). What should you do?
Answer:
There is an arbitrage opportunity. Sell the ETF at the bid of
$168.15 and buy the underlying securities at the ask prices. So we
have + 168.15 - 79.50 - 40.05 - 48.55 = .05 arbitrage profit per
share
Chapter 4 - The Time Value of Money
3)
Which of the following statements is false?
A)
The process of moving a value or cash flow backward in time is
known as discounting.
B)
FV =
C)
The process of moving a value or cash flow forward in time is
known as compounding.
D)
The value of a cash flow that is moved forward in time is known
as its future value.
Answer:
B
Explanation:
A)
B)
FV = C(1 + r)n
C)
D)
8)
Consider the following timeline:
If the current market rate of interest is 9%, then the present
value of this timeline as of year 0 is closest to:
A)
$492
B)
$637
C)
$600
D)
$400
Answer:
A
Explanation:
A)
PV = FV(1 + r)n100 / (1.09)1 = 91.74200 / (1.09)2 = 168.34300 /
(1.09)3 = 231.66Sum = 491.74 which is approximately $492
B)
C)
D)
9)
Consider the following timeline:
If the current market rate of interest is 8%, then the value as
of year 1 is closest to:
A)
$0
B)
$1003
C)
$540
D)
$77
Answer:
D
Explanation:
A)
B)
C)
D)
Two part problem:FV = PV(1 + r)n = 500(1.08)1 = $540PV = FV/(1 +
r)n = -500 / (1.08)1 = -$463So the answer is $540 + -$463 = $77
4.3 The Power of Compounding: An Application
2)
It has long been told that the Dutch purchased Manhattan island
in 1626 for the value of 60 guilders ($24). Assuming that the Dutch
invested this money into an account earning 5%, approximately how
much would their investment be worth 380 years later in 2006?
A)
$2.7 billion
B)
$3.1 billion
C)
$4.5 billion
D)
$1.9 trillion
Answer:
A
Explanation:
A)
FV = 24(1.05)380 = 2,704,860,602 or 2.7 billion
B)
C)
D)
2)
Which of the following statements is false?
A)
FV =
B)
PV =
C)
FV = Cn (1 + r)n
D)
Most investment opportunities have multiple cash flows that
occur at different points in time.
Answer:
A
4)
Consider the following timeline detailing a stream of cash
flows:
If the current market rate of interest is 10%, then the present
value of this stream of cash flows is closest to:
A)
$674
B)
$600
C)
$460
D)
$287
Answer:
C
Explanation:
A)
B)
C)
PV = 100 / (1.10)1 + 100 / (1.10)2 + 200 / (1.10)3 + 200 /
(1.10)4 = $460
D)
Use the information for the question(s) below.Joe just inherited
the family business, and having no desire to run the family
business, he has decided to sell it to an entrepreneur. In exchange
for the family business, Joe has been offered an immediate payment
of $100,000. Joe will also receive payments of $50,000 in one year,
$50,000 in two years, and $75,000 in three years. The current
market rate of interest for Joe is 6%.6)
In terms of present value, how much will Joe receive for selling
the family business?
Answer:
PV = $100,000 + $50,000 / (1.06)1 + $50,000 / (1.06)2 + $75,000
/ (1.06)3 = $254,641
4.5 The Net Present Value of a Stream of Cash Flows
1)
You have been offered the following investment opportunity, if
you pay $2500 today, you will receive $1000 at the end of each of
the next three years. Assuming that you could otherwise earn 10%
per year on your money, the NPV for this opportunity is closest
to:
A)
$12
B)
$18
C)
-$13
D)
$500
Answer:
C
Explanation:
A)
B)
C)
NPV = -2500 + 1000 / (1.10)1 + 1000 / (1.10)2 + 1000 / (1.10)3 =
-13.15 which is approximately -$13
D)
Use the information for the question(s) below.Joe just inherited
the family business, and having no desire to run the family
business, he has decided to sell it to an entrepreneur. In exchange
for the family business, Joe has been offered an immediate payment
of $100,000. Joe will also receive payments of $50,000 in one year,
$50,000 in two years, and $75,000 in three years. The current
market rate of interest for Joe is 6%.4)
Suppose a second entrepreneur approaches Joe and offers him
$250,000 today for the business. Should Joe accept the new
entrepreneur's offer or stick with the original offer of $100,000
and the series of payments over three years? Why?
Answer:
Joe should take the original offer of $100,000 + payments.PV of
the original offer = $100,000 + $50,000 / (1.06)1 + $50,000 /
(1.06)2 + $75,000 / (1.06)3 = $254,641 So, the NPV of taking the
second offer is $250,000 - $254,641 = -$4,641 Since the NPV is
negative we would not take the second offer.
Use the table for the question(s) below.YearAB
0-$150-$225
140175
280125
3100-50
5)
If the interest rate is 10%, then which investment(s), if any,
would you take and why?
Answer:
NPVA = -150 + 40 / (1.10)1 + 80 / (1.10)2 + 100 / (1.10)3 =
$27.61NPVB = -225 + 175 / (1.10)1 + 125 / (1.10)2 + -50 / (1.10)3 =
-$0.17Therefore, you should take A since NPVA > 0 and reject B
since NPVB < 0.
4.6 Perpetuities, Annuities, and Other Special Cases
1)
Which of the following statements regarding perpetuities is
false?
A)
To find the value of a perpetuity one cash flow at a time would
take forever.
B)
A perpetuity is a stream of equal cash flows that occurs at
regular intervals and lasts forever.
C)
PV of a perpetuity =
D)
One example of a perpetuity is the British government bond
called a consol.
Answer:
C
Explanation:
A)
B)
C)
PV of a perpetuity =
D)
Use the information for the question(s) below.Suppose that a
young couple has just had their first baby and they wish to ensure
that enough money will be available to pay for their child's
college education. Currently, college tuition, books, fees, and
other costs, average $12,500 per year. On average, tuition and
other costs have historically increased at a rate of 4% per year.
8)
Assuming that college costs continue to increase an average of
4% per year and that all her college savings are invested in an
account paying 7% interest, then the amount of money she will need
to have available at age 18 to pay for all four years of her
undergraduate education is closest to:
A)
$97,110
B)
$107,532
C)
$101,291
D)
$50,000
Answer:
A
Explanation:
A)
This is a two step problem.Step #1 determine the cost of the
first year of college.FV = PV(1 + i)N = $12,500(1.04)18 =
$25,322.71Step #2 figure out the value for four years of college.PV
of a growing annuity due = C x (1 + r) = $25,322.71 (1 + .07) =
$97,110.01
B)
C)
D)
13)
Suppose that a young couple has just had their first baby and
they wish to insure that enough money will be available to pay for
their child's college education. They decide to make deposits into
an educational savings account on each of their daughter's
birthdays, starting with her first birthday. Assume that the
educational savings account will return a constant 7%. The parents
deposit $2000 on their daughter's first birthday and plan to
increase the size of their deposits by 5% each year. Assuming that
the parents have already made the deposit for their daughter's 18th
birthday, then the amount available for the daughter's college
expenses on her 18th birthday is closest to:
A)
$42,825
B)
$97,331
C)
$67,998
D)
$103,063
Answer:
B
Explanation:
A)
B)
FV of a growing annuity
$2,000 (1.07)18= $97,331
C)
D)
Use the information for the question(s) below.Assume that you
are 30 years old today, and that you are planning on retirement at
age 65. Your current salary is $45,000 and you expect your salary
to increase at a rate of 5% per year as long as you work. To save
for your retirement, you plan on making annual contributions to a
retirement account. Your first contribution will be made on your
31st birthday and will be 8% of this year's salary. Likewise, you
expect to deposit 8% of your salary each year until you reach age
65. Assume that the rate of interest is 7%.17)
The present value (at age 30) of your retirement savings is
closest to:
A)
$87,000
B)
$108,000
C)
$46,600
D)
$75,230
Answer:
A
Explanation:
A)
First deposit = .08 $45,000 = $3,600$3,600 = $87,003
B)
C)
D)
26)
Assume that you are 30 years old today, and that you are
planning on retiring at age 65. Your current salary is $45,000 and
you expect your salary to increase at a rate of 5% per year as long
as you work. To save for your retirement, you plan on making annual
contributions to a retirement account. Your first contribution will
be made on your 31st birthday and will be 8% of this year's salary.
Likewise, you expect to deposit 8% of your salary each year until
you reach age 65. At retirement (age 65) you will begin withdrawing
equal annual payments to pay for your living expenses during
retirement (on your 65th birthday). If you expect to die one day
before your 101st birthday (Your last withdraw will be on your
100th birthday) and if the annual rate of return is 7%, then how
much money will you have to spend in each of your golden years of
retirement?
Answer:
$71,260First deposit = .08 $45,000 = $3,600$3,600 (1.07)35=
$928,895so,N = 36I = 7PV = 928,895FV = 0Compute PMT = 71260
4.8 Solving for Variables Other Than Present Value or Future
Value
1)
You are interested in purchasing a new automobile that costs
$35,000. The dealership offers you a special financing rate of 6%
APR (0.5%) per month for 48 months. Assuming that you do not make a
down payment on the auto and you take the dealer's financing deal,
then your monthly car payments would be closest to:
A)
$729
B)
$822
C)
$842
D)
$647
Answer:
B
Explanation:
A)
B)
PV = 35000I = .5N = 48FV = 0Compute Payment = $821.98
C)
D)
2)
You are considering purchasing a new home. You will need to
borrow $250,000 to purchase the home. A mortgage company offers you
a 15 year fixed rate mortgage (180 months) at 9% APR (0.75% month).
If you borrow the money from this mortgage company, your monthly
mortgage payment will be closest to:
A)
$2,585
B)
$660
C)
$2,535
D)
$1,390
Answer:
C
Explanation:
A)
B)
C)
PV = 250000I = 0.75N = 180FV = 0Compute PMT = $2535.67
4)
You are saving for retirement. To live comfortably, you decide
that you will need $2.5 million dollars by the time you are 65. If
today is your 30th birthday, and you decide, starting today, and on
every birthday up to and including your 65th birthday, that you
will deposit the same amount into your savings account. Assuming
the interest rate is 5%, the amount that you must set aside each
and every year on your birthday is closest to:
A)
$71,430
B)
$27,680
C)
$26,100
D)
$26,260
Answer:
C
Explanation:
A)
B)
C)
PV (age 29) = 2500000 / (1.05)36 = 431643.54PV = 431,643.54FV =
0I = 5N = 36Compute PMT = $26,086
5). You are looking for a new truck and see the following
advertisement. "Own a new truck! No money down. Just five easy
annual payments of $8000." You know that you can get the same truck
from the dealer across town for only $31,120. The interest rate for
the deal advertised is closest to:
A)
9%
B)
8%
C)
8.5%
D)
10%
Answer:
A
Explanation:
A)
PV = 31120FV = 0N = 5PMT = -8000Compute I = 8.9965%
B)
C)
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