Finalppt

EKTA SHAH IF2008046ZINAL SHAH IF2008055

FORUM SHETH IF2008057

• Urbanization transforms the role of the family, demographic structures, the nature of work, and the way we choose to live and with whom.• It is now widely accepted that urbanization is as much a social process as it is an economic and territorial process.• It also modifies domestic roles and relations within the family, and redefines concepts of individual and social responsibility.

INTRODUCTION:

HIV/AIDSHIV/AIDSMalariaMalaria

ARIARI

Cerebro-Cerebro-vascularvascular

DengueDengue

TuberculosisTuberculosis

PolioPolio

ObesityObesityInjuriesInjuries

Ischemic HeartIschemic HeartDiseaseDisease

Indoor Air PollutionIndoor Air Pollution

Diarrheal DiseaseDiarrheal Disease

DiabeteDiabetess

Gun ViolenceGun ViolenceEnvironmentalEnvironmentalPollutionPollution

AgingAging

Avian InfluenzaAvian Influenza

Education - 20% of the urban population age 6-17 are out of school;

Power - ~10% of urban households do not have electricity;

Water - ~25% of urban households do not have access to piped water; ~50% do not purify water before drinking;

Sanitation - 20% of urban households do not have toilets;

Source: National Family Health Survey 1998-99

Shelter - >3 people share one room in 30% of urban households;

Health – Urban populations (especially the poor) are at high risk to infections and chronic diseases

Pollution effects are indeed many and wide ranging

The excessive level of pollution is causing damage to human and animal health and plants and trees

It causes physical as well as psychological and behavioral disorders.

Our global human population, 6 billion at present ,will cross the 7 billion mark by 2015.

Rising population growth can lessen our quality of life because it:

destroys resources, such as water and forests, needed to sustain us

slows the dynamics of a healthy economy decreases the level of biodiversity upon

which we depend

There are many aspects of poverty – Lack of income Lack of assets Lack of legal rights Lack of the resources Lack of access to education Poor quality of housing.

0

20

40

60

80

100

East Asiaand

Pacific

Europeand

CentralAsia

SouthAsia

1960 1990 2020

Poverty is growing in urban areas.

By 2020 over 75% of the poor in Central Asia and almost half of the poor in Asia will reside in cities and towns

Perc

ent

of

Poor

Popula

tion

Perc

ent

of

Poor

Popula

tion

In C

itie

s and T

ow

ns

In C

itie

s and T

ow

ns

Source: Bloem, M., et. al., 2003. Cities in Transition Presentation

Urban population – India: ~328 million India is expected to be approximately 40%

(550 million) urban by 2026 Urban poor estimated at 80 -100 million Estimated annual births among urban poor:

2 million (Based on CBR 19.1 for urban population and 100 million urban poor population)

Courtesy of Dr. Siddarth Agarwal, Urban Health Resource Center, India; USAID/India Urban Health Project

Understanding the local context through needs assessment and situation analysis

Listing ofSlums

ensuring Identificati

on of all Poverty Pockets

DevelopingVulnerability Criteria through

Slum Visits and

Discussions

Slum-based Data

Collection

Triangulation of Results

for Vulnerability

, Slum Location and

Hidden Areas

Consolidation of Data and

Categorization of Slums;

Mapping

Courtesy of Dr. Siddarth Agarwal, Urban Health Resource Center, India; USAID/India Urban Health Project

328 unlisted slums (population 510,397)

452 listed slums (population 820,139)

780 slums (Total)

According to NSSO 58th Round (2002) 49.4% slums

are non-notified in India

City Slums on official List Unlisted Slums

Agra 215 178

Dehradun 78 28

Bally 75 45

Jamshedpur 84 77

452 328

Courtesy of Dr. Siddarth Agarwal, Urban Health Resource Center, India; USAID/India Urban Health Project

Expand attention to and investment in urban health – build a rational global strategy

Link to major health programs such as PEPFAR, CS/MCH, TB, Malaria and Infectious Diseases (including AI) maximize “wrap around” efforts with these programs

Mainstream urban health in the donor community

Increase local municipality engagement in health

An urban transition is inevitable Virtually all growth will be urban in the

future Recognize the urban imperative,

mainstream it… Acknowledge the transitions…

deal with in the urban settingBalance infectious and chronic disease

interventions in the crucible