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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh i
FINALENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
REPORT
FOR
PROPOSED AUGMENTATION IN LPG BULK STORAGE CAPACITY AT
LPG BOTTLING PLANT AT MEHATPUR, UNA, HIMACHAL PRADESH
SUBMITTED TO
M/s INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LIMITED
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANT
M/s. ULTRA-TECH
ENVIRONMENTAL LABORATORY AND CONSULTANCY
(GazzetedByMoEF)
Unit No. 206, 224, 225 Jai Commercial Complex, Eastern Express Highway,
Opp Cadbury Factory, Khopat, Thane (West) – 400 061
Tel: 022-2534 2776, Fax: 022-25429650, Email: [email protected]
Website: www.ultratech.in
August , 2018
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh ii
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................... 1
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................. 11
1.2 INTRODUCTION OF PROJECT AND PROJECT PROPONENT ............................. 11
1.3 NEED FOR PROJECT ACTIVITY .................................................................................... 13
1.4 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF NATURE, SIZE AND LOCATION OF THE PROJECT 14
1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY .............................................................................................. 18
1.6 APPLICABLE ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS ............................................... 19
1.7 STRUCTURE OF EIA REPORT .................................................................................. 19
CHAPTER 2. PROJECT DISCRIPTION ................................................................................ 21
2.1 TYPE OF PROJECT ...................................................................................................... 21
2.2 NEED AND JUSTIFICATION OF THE PROJECT ..................................................... 21
2.3 LAYOUT 21
2.4 SALIENT FEATURES OF THE PROJECT ................................................................. 24
2.4.1 Proposed Schedule and Approval for Implementation ........................................... 25
2.4.2 Land use .................................................................................................................. 25
2.5 PROCESS DESCRIPTION............................................................................................ 25
2.5.1 LPG Receipt and Storage ........................................................................................ 25
2.5.2 Unloading ................................................................................................................ 25
2.5.3 LPG Pump House ................................................................................................... 25
2.5.4 Air Compressor and Air-Drying Unit ..................................................................... 26
2.5.5 LPG Cylinder filling and associated facilities ........................................................ 26
2.6 PROCESS FLOW CHART ............................................................................................ 27
2.7 INFRASTRUCTURE AT THE FACILITY .................................................................. 28
2.7.1 Description of Mounded Bullets ............................................................................. 28
2.7.2 Parking Lot.............................................................................................................. 29
2.8 FIRE PREVENTION SYSTEM .................................................................................... 29
2.9 PLANT AND EQUIPMENT DETAILS........................................................................ 34
2.10 POWER REQUIREMENT ............................................................................................ 36
2.11 MANPOWER REQUIREMENT ................................................................................... 36
2.12 WATER AND WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT ..................................................... 36
2.13 SOLID AND HAZARDOUS WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEM ..................................... 37
PLATE 2.1: SITE PHOTOGRAPHS ........................................................................................ 38
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh iv
CHAPTER 3. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT .................................................. 39
3.1 GENERAL ..................................................................................................................... 39
3.2 GEOLOGY AND HYDROGEOLOGY ........................................................................ 39
3.2.1 Physiography ................................................................................................................ 39
3.2.2 Drainage ....................................................................................................................... 39
3.2.3 Geology& Hydrogeology ............................................................................................. 40
3.2.4 Ground Water Resources .............................................................................................. 41
3.3 STUDY AREA ............................................................................................................... 41
3.3.1 Land Use/Land Cover of the Study Area ................................................................ 41
3.3.2 Drainage Pattern...................................................................................................... 44
3.3.3 Contour Pattern of the Study Area .......................................................................... 44
3.4 METEOROLOGICAL DATA ....................................................................................... 45
3.5 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY ........................................................................................... 47
3.5.1 Methodology Adopted for the Study ...................................................................... 48
3.5.2 Sampling and Analytical Techniques ..................................................................... 48
3.6 NOISE.............. .............................................................................................................. 52
3.6.1 Objective ................................................................................................................. 52
3.6.2 Methodology ........................................................................................................... 52
3.6.3 Method of Monitoring and Parameters Measured .................................................. 54
3.6.4 Noise Results .......................................................................................................... 55
3.7 WATER ENVIRONMENT ........................................................................................... 56
3.7.2Water Sampling Locations ............................................................................................ 56
3.7.3 Ground and Surface Water Quality Results ............................................................ 58
3.8 SOIL................. .............................................................................................................. 62
3.8.1 Selection of sampling Locations ............................................................................. 62
3.8.2 Methodology ........................................................................................................... 64
3.8.3 Soil Results ............................................................................................................. 64
3.9 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT ...................................................................................... 67
3.9.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 67
3.9.2 Objectives of Ecological studies: ................................................................................. 67
3.10 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT ....................................................................... 75
CHAPTER 4. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION
MEASURES ................................................................................................................................ 86
4.1 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 86
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh v
4.2 IMPACT ASSESSMENT .............................................................................................. 86
4.2.1 During Construction Phase: .................................................................................... 86
4.2.2 During Operation Phase .......................................................................................... 88
4.3 IMPACT MITIGATION MEASURES ......................................................................... 93
4.3.1 During Construction Phase ..................................................................................... 93
4.3.2 During Operation Phase .......................................................................................... 95
4.4 IMPACT MATRIX ........................................................................................................ 96
4.5 SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENT IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ... 98
4.6 CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................ 101
CHAPTER 5: ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE SITES AND TECHNOLOGY .............. 102
5.1 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE SITES AND TECHNOLOGY ................................... 102
5.2 ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGY ................................................................................... 102
5.3 ALTERNATIVE SITE ................................................................................................. 102
CHAPTER :6: ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME .............................. 103
6.1INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 103
6.2ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING .............................................................................. 103
6.2.1 Ambient Air Quality ............................................................................................. 107
6.2.2 Surface Water Quality........................................................................................... 107
6.2.3 Noise Level ............................................................................................................... 107
6.3 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT CELL .......................................................... 107
6.4 BUDGETARY ALLOCATION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
MEASURES........... ................................................................................................................. 108
CHAPTER 7. ADDITIONAL STUDIES ................................................................................ 109
7.1 PUBLIC CONSULTATION ........................................................................................ 109
7.2 QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT ................................................................... 110
7.2.1 Methodology ......................................................................................................... 110
7.2.2 Objectives Of Risk Assessment.................................................................................. 111
7.2.3 QRA Approach ..................................................................................................... 111
7.2.4 Hazard Identification ............................................................................................ 114
7.2.5 Events and Ignition Probability ............................................................................ 118
7.2.6 Consequential Events ............................................................................................ 119
7.2.7 Consequence Analysis .......................................................................................... 121
7.2.8 Likelihood Estimation ........................................................................................... 132
7.2.9 Risk Analysis ........................................................................................................ 134
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh vi
7.2.10 Risk Contours........................................................................................................ 134
7.2.11 Conclusion ............................................................................................................ 136
7.2.12 Recommendations ................................................................................................. 137
7.3 DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN .............................................................................. 138
7.3.1 Emergency Organization Set-up ................................................................................. 139
7.3.2 On site Emergency: .................................................................................................... 140
7.3.3 Emergency Action Plan for Emergency during Off- Shift Hours (Including Holidays):
................................................................................................................................142
7.3.4. Emergency During Working Hours of Week Days ................................................... 144
7.3.5 Specification of Team Members And Their Duties ................................................... 145
7.3.6. Off site Emergency: ................................................................................................... 147
7.3.7. Roles & responsibilities:............................................................................................ 148
7.3.8. Maintenance of ERDMP Records. ..................................................................... 152
7.3.9. Time Recorder ...................................................................................................... 153
7.3.10. Communications Services. ................................................................................... 153
7.3.11. Communication Flow Chart .................................................................................. 154
CHAPTER8: PROJECT BENEFITS ...................................................................................... 161
8.1 PROJECT BENEFITS ................................................................................................. 161
8.2 IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE ............................... 161
8.3 IMPROVEMENTS IN THE SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE .................................... 161
8.4 EMPLOYMENT POTENTIAL ................................................................................... 162
8.5 CSR AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT .................................................. 162
8.6 DIRECT REVENUE EARNING TO THE NATIONAL AND STATE EXCHEQUER
.......................................................................................................................................163
8.7 OTHER TANGIBLE BENEFITS ................................................................................ 163
CHAPTER 9: ENVIRONMENTAL COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS.................................... 164
CHAPTER 10. ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN ................................................ 165
10.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 165
10.2 EMP DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE................................................................ 165
10.2.1 Air Environment ................................................................................................... 166
10.2.2 Noise Environment ............................................................................................... 166
10.2.3 Water Environment ............................................................................................... 166
10.2.4 Land Environment ................................................................................................ 167
10.2.5 Biological Environment ........................................................................................ 167
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10.2.6 Socio-economic Environment ............................................................................... 167
102.7 Health and Safety .................................................................................................. 167
10.3 EMP DURING OPERATION PHASE ........................................................................ 168
10.3.1 Air Environment ................................................................................................... 168
10.3.2 Noise Environment ............................................................................................... 168
10.3.3 Water Environment ............................................................................................... 169
10.3.4 Land Environment ................................................................................................ 169
10.3.6 Biological Environment ........................................................................................ 170
10.3.7 Socio-economic Environment ............................................................................... 170
10.3 RAIN WATER HARVESTING .................................................................................. 170
10.5 CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ................................................................. 170
CHAPTER 11. DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS ENGAGED ..................................... 172
11.1 CONSULTANTS ENGAGED ..................................................................................... 172
11.2 LABORATORY FOR ANALYSIS ............................................................................. 174
LIST OF TABLES
Table-E.1: Environmental Setting around Project Site ................................................................... 2
Table -E.2:Salient Features of Proposed Expansion Project .......................................................... 3
Table -E.3: Project Capacity ........................................................................................................... 5
Table -E.4: Water Consumption ..................................................................................................... 5
Table E.5: Details of Fire Tanks ..................................................................................................... 6
Table E-6: Schedule of Fire Pumps ................................................................................................ 6
Table-E.7: Summary Of The Meteorological Data Generated At Site ........................................... 7
Table 1.1(a): Project and Project Proponent Description ............................................................. 12
Table 1.1(b): Environmental Setting around Project Site ............................................................. 14
Table-2.1: Land Break Up of Project area (land) ......................................................................... 22
Table 2.2: Salient Features of Existing /Proposed facility ............................................................ 24
Table 2.3: List of Fire Fighting Equipment‘s ............................................................................... 31
Table 2.4: Non-Plant Shed/Building ............................................................................................. 34
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh viii
Table 2.5: Plant Shed/Building ..................................................................................................... 34
Table 2.6: Brief Description of Facilities ..................................................................................... 34
Table 2.7: Electrical Systems ........................................................................................................ 35
Table 2.8: Safety data ................................................................................................................... 36
Table 2.10: Non-Hazardous Waste ............................................................................................... 37
Table 2.11: Hazardous waste ........................................................................................................ 37
Table 3.1: Landuse / Landcover Statistics of Area within 10 km Radius..................................... 43
Table 3.2: Meteorological Monitoring At study area ................................................................... 45
Table 3.3: Meteorological Data Recorded at study area ............................................................... 46
Table 3.4: Techniques Used for Ambient Air Quality Monitoring .............................................. 48
Table 3.5: Details of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations ............................................... 49
Table 3.6: Summary of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results ............................................... 50
Table 3.7: Noise Level Monitoring Stations in the Study Area .................................................... 54
Table 3.8: Ambient Noise Monitoring Results ............................................................................. 55
Table 3.9: Ambient Noise Standards ............................................................................................ 55
Table 3.10: Water Quality Sampling Locations .......................................................................... 56
Table 3.11: Ground Water Characteristics.................................................................................... 58
Table 3.12: Surface Water Characteristics.................................................................................... 61
Table 3.13: Soil Sampling Stations in the Study Area.................................................................. 64
Table 3.14(A): Soil Analysis Results............................................................................................ 65
Table 3.19: Demography of Una &Rupnagar Districts ................................................................ 76
Table 3.20: Village & Town Breakup in the Study Area ............................................................. 77
Table 3.21: Population & Sex Ratio Breakup in the Study Area.................................................. 78
Table 3.22: Population & Sex Ratio Breakup in the Study Area.................................................. 78
Table 3.23: SC & ST Population break-up in the Study Area ...................................................... 79
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh ix
Table 3.24: Literacy break-up in the Study Area .......................................................................... 79
Table 3.25: Urban/Rural Population break up in the Study Area ................................................. 79
Table 3.26: Status of working population in the study area ......................................................... 80
Table 3.27: Distribution of Main workers by category................................................................. 81
Table 3.28: Recommended PCU Factors on Urban Roads ........................................................... 82
Table 3.29: Traffic Survey, Node I ............................................................................................... 83
Table 3.30: Level of Service ......................................................................................................... 84
Table 4.1: Hazardous waste .......................................................................................................... 89
Table 4.2: Treated Wastewater Characteristics ............................................................................ 90
Table-4.3: List of Plant Species in the Existing Plantation .......................................................... 90
Table 4.4: Impact Matrix .............................................................................................................. 96
Table 4.5: Summary of Impacts and Mitigation Measures ........................................................... 98
Table 4.6: Overall Matrix ........................................................................................................... 101
Table-6.1: Environmental Monitoring During Project Construction Stage ................................ 103
Table-6.2: Environmental Monitoring During Project Operation Stage .................................... 106
Table 6.3: Cost of Environmental Protection Measures ............................................................. 108
Table 7.1: List of identified Scenarios ........................................................................................ 116
Table 7.2: Typical Pasquill Stability classes............................................................................... 117
Table 7.3: Ignition Probabilities as used in PHAST. .................................................................. 121
Table 7.4: Leak sizes considered ................................................................................................ 121
Table 7.5: Thermal Radiation Impact Criteria for Personnel ..................................................... 122
Table 7.6: Thermal Radiation Impact Criteria for Equipment .................................................... 122
Table 7.7: Damage Due to Overpressures ................................................................................. 123
Table 7.8: Flammable (LFL) dispersion distances ..................................................................... 124
Table 7.9: Jet fire radiation distances ......................................................................................... 127
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh x
Table 7.10: Pool fire radiation distances..................................................................................... 129
Table 7.11: Overpressure Distances due to Explosion .............................................................. 129
Table 7.12 Fireball (BLEVE) distance for Road Tanker ........................................................... 131
Table 7.13: Estimated Failure Frequency ................................................................................... 133
Table 7.14: On site-Emergency Organogram & IOCL Organogram Correspondence: .............. 141
Table 7.15: Emergency Organogram during off-office hours (including holidays) .................... 143
Table 8.1: CSR Activities by IOCL ............................................................................................ 162
Table 11.1: EIA Team................................................................................................................. 172
Table 11.2: EIA Coordinator and Functional Area Experts Involved in the EIA....................... 173
LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.2: 10 Km Study Area Map-IOCL Plant .......................................................................... 17
Figure 2.1: Layout Showing Existing and Proposed Storage Facilities........................................ 23
Figure 2.2: Process Flow Chart ..................................................................................................... 28
Figure 2.3: Typical Mounded Bullet System ................................................................................ 29
Figure 3.1(A): Satellite Map of the study area ............................................................................. 42
Figure 3.1(B): Land use/Landcover of 10 Km Study Area .......................................................... 43
Figure 3.2: Drainage Map of the study area ................................................................................. 44
Figure 3.3: Drainage Map of the study area ................................................................................. 45
Figure 3.4: Wind rose for period of January 2017 to March 2017. .............................................. 47
Figure 3.5 (A): Map Showing Ambient Air Monitoring Locations.............................................. 50
Figure 3.5(B) : Map Showing Ambient Noise Monitoring Locations .......................................... 54
Figure 3.5 (C) : Map Showing Water Sampling Locations .......................................................... 57
Figure 3.5 (D) : Map Showing Soil Sampling Locations ............................................................. 63
Figure 3.8: Percentage Distribution of Main Workers in the Study Area .................................... 81
Figure 3.9: Location of the Node for Traffic Survey .................................................................... 83
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh xi
Figure 3.10: No‘s of vehicles during peak hour & lean hour ....................................................... 84
Figure-4.1: Existing Plantation Layout ......................................................................................... 92
Figure 7.1: Risk Acceptance Criteria .......................................................................................... 112
Figure7.2: Event tree for Continuous release with rainout (from PHAST software) ................. 119
Figure 7.3: Risk Contour for LPG Bottling Plant, Una .............................................................. 135
Figure 7.4: FN Curve for LPG Bottling Plant, Una .................................................................... 136
Figure 7.5: ERDMP Organogram for Level 1 & Level 2 (Onsite) Emergencies ................. 144
Figure 10.1: Photographs of Different CSR Activity ................................................................. 171
LIST OF ANNEXURES
ANNEXURE I: Copy of Terms of Reference &TOR Compliance
ANNEXURE II: Project Site Layout Plan
ANNEXURE III: Baseline Monitoring Results
ANNEXURE IV: Copies of Consent to Establish/No Objection Certificate and Consent to
Operate and CTO compliance.
ANNEXURE V: Occupational Health & Safety Policy
ANNEXURE VI: Application for Ground Water Permission from concerned Authority.
ANNEXURE VII: Electricity Permission.
ANNEXURE VIII: Land Document
ANNEXURE IX: Certificate from PESO.
ANNEXURE X: Bullet Design Details
ANNEXURE XI: Factory‘s License
ANNEXURE XII: Photograph Showing Safety Training
ANNEXURE XIII: Photograph Showing Mock drill in the Plant
ANNEXURE XIV: Minutes of Public Hearing Along with Photographs
ANNEXURE XV: ETP design details
ANNEXURE XVI: STP design details
ANNEXURE XVII: Fire layout plan
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 1
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Introduction
M/s. Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL) is a government of India enterprise with a
Maharatna status and a Fortune 500 and Forbes 2000 company. Incorporated as Indian Oil
Corporation Ltd. on 1st September, 1964 Indian Oil and its subsidiaries account for
approximately 48% of petroleum products market share, 34% national refining capacity and 71%
downstream sector pipelines capacity in India. It is India‘s flagship national oil company and
downstream petroleum major thus being India‘s largest commercial enterprise. As the flagship
national oil company in the downstream sector, Indian Oil reaches precious petroleum products
to millions of people every day through a countrywide network of about 35,000 sales points.
They are backed for supplies by 167 bulk storage terminals and depots, 101 aviation fuel stations
and 91Indane (LPG) bottling plants. IOCL is a premier public-sector company in the Oil & Gas
Sector and is engaged in the business of refining and retailing of petroleum products including
LPG in the country. IOCL is having about 91 LPG bottling plants, which serve every corner of
the country. Indane (the trade name of LPG of IOCL) is supplied to the consumers through a
network of about 5,456 distributors (51.8% of the industry). The growth in demand of LPG for
domestic purpose is increasing at a rapid pace.
In order to meet the local need in the State of Himachal Pradesh, IOCL is proposing to augment
the storage capacity at Una LPG Bottling Plant withinIOCLpremises of32.56 Acres.
No additional land will be required for the proposed augmentation as the same is coming up
within the existing land.
As per Environmental Impact Assessment Notification dated 14th September 2006, the proposed
augmentation comes under Item No. 6(b) of Category ‗B‘. However, the Plant Site is located
within 5 km of Interstate boundary i.ePunjab and Himanchal Pradesh (0.24 km towards west
direction and 0.35 km towards north direction) and hence falls under Category ‗A‘ as per EIA
Notification 2006 of MOEF&CC for which Environmental Clearance (EC) from Ministry of
Environment, Forests and Climate Change (MOEF&CC) is necessary.
1.0 Project Location
The details of environmental setting are given below.
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 2
Table-E.1: Environmental Setting around Project Site
SN Particulars Details
1. Name of Project Proposed augmentation in LPG Bulk
Storage capacity at LPG Bottling Plant at
Village Raipur Sahoran, Mehatpur, Una,
Himachal Pradesh by M/s Indian Oil
Corporation Ltd.
2. Project Proponent M/s Indian Oil Corporation Limited
3. Plant location Village Raipur Sahoran, Mehatpur, Una,
Himachal Pradesh by M/s Indian Oil
Corporation Ltd.
4. Coordinates A:31°23'55.08"N, 76°19'39.81"E
B: 31°23'37.44"N, 76°19'48.13"E
C: 31°23'35.70"N, 76°19'42.22"E
D: 31°23'38.69"N, 76°19'41.53"E
E: 31°23'38.75"N, 76°19'32.66"E
F: 31°23'49.45"N, 76°19'35.62"E
5. General elevation above MSL 1220 ft
6. Nearest highways NH 503 – 1.47 km(E)
7. Present land use at the site Land use pattern is notified for industrial use
8. Nearest railway station Rai Mehatpur Railway Station: 0.4 km(N)
9. Nearest Airport Chandigarh Airport: 118 km(SSE)
10. Nearest major water bodies Satluj Lake: 3.5 Km, E
Nangal Dam: 10.0 Km, E
Soan River (Tributaries of river Satluj): 4
Km, W
11. Nearest town/City Nearest City Nangal:8 km (ESE)
District HQ Una: 12 km
12. Interstate boundary Punjab and Himanchal Pradesh boundary -
0.24 km towards west direction and 0.35 km
towards north direction
13. Archaeologically important places None within 10 km
14. Protected areas as per Wildlife
Protection Act, 1972 (Tiger reserve,
Elephant reserve, Biospheres,
National parks, Wildlife
sanctuaries, community reserves
and conservation reserves)
None within 10 km
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 3
SN Particulars Details
15. Reserved / Protected Forests None within 10 km
16. Defence Installations None within 10 km
17. Seismicity The proposed augmentation project is
located in Seismic Zone IV as per IS: 1893
and all designs will be as per IS Codes
18. Industries 1. Swiss Garnier HP: 2.5 km, NE
2. Tahliwal Joshi Industries: 7.8 Km,
SW
3. The SukhjitAgro Industries: 8.2 Km,
SSW
4. Atul Automotive Safety Glass
Industries: 9 Km, SSW
5. Kalgidhar Furniture Industries: 8
Km, NNW.
6. National Fertilizer Limited: 5 KM,
SE.
7. Punjab Alkalies& Chemical Limited
:3 KM. SE
2.0 Project Description
There is no chemical process involved and the operation carried out will be receipt of LPG in
Bulk form in tank trucks from the sources namely IOCL Jalandhar, Lonietc. The storageshall be
in mounded bullets (existing and proposed) and filling of LPG into cylinders using carousel and
associated systems. The cylinders filled will be checked for quality and then dispatched. In the
proposed augmentation of storage capacity at LPG bottling plant the storage will be pressurized
form in mounded storage. The LPG storage will be in existing 3 bullets of 300 MT (i.e. 900 MT
existing) each and proposed 2 bullets of 600 MT each (i.e. 1200 MT) with a total capacity of
2100 MT.
The Mounded Bullet Systemwill store the LPGin liquid form. The system of mounded storage
has been recognized as one of the safest form of storage for LPG.Mounded Bullets will be
submerged in ground and encased in four-sided retaining wall having a designed layer of earth
over the bullets.
Table -E.2:Salient Features of Proposed Expansion Project
Sr.
No.
Description Details
1 Total Land 32.56 acres
2 Capacity of Storage Tanks Type of Vessel/Status Nos Capacity Total
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 4
Sr.
No.
Description Details
Capacity
Existing Mounded
Bullets
3 300 MT 900 MT
Proposed Mounded
Bullets
2 600 MT 1200 MT
3 Power requirement 450 KW
Source: Himachal Pradesh State Electricity Board
D.G Sets as Backup - 1x250 kVA, 1x400 kVA and 1x500
kVA
4 Water requirement Total water requirement approx. 15 m3/day including
domestic and fire water
Source: Existing tube wells.
No additional water requirement is envisaged with
proposed augmentation of storage capacity.
5 Man power Existing manpower= Permanent – 22; Temporary – 41,
Security - 21
No additional Manpower is envisaged with proposed
augmentation of storage capacity
6 Project Expansion Cost INR 21.70 Crores.
7 Fire Fighting Facilities
A Fire water storage 2 X 3700 m3
B Fire water pumps Diesel Driven Pumps of 5*410 kL/hr capacity
C Jockey pumps Electric motor driven 2*10 m3/hr capacity
C Water sprinkler / Deluge
system
At all relevant places (will be converted to auto sprinkler
system supported by PLC based ILSD)
D Fire Hydrant/monitor
piping network
As per prescribed OISD
E DCP & CO2 extinguishers As per prescribed OISD
F Gas Monitoring System As per prescribed OISD
G ILSD As per OISD-144
8 EMP costs Capital cost- Rs. 300 Lacs
Recurring cost – Rs. 21 lacs
Technology and Activity (Process) Description
There is no manufacturing process involved in the LPG Bottling Plant. The operations can be
divided into:
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 5
Receipt of LPG is by bulk truck from Jalandhar,Loni,etc
Storage of LPG in mounded bullets fabricated as per PESO standards
Filling of LPG in cylinder by carousel in domestic/ commercial/ industrial cylinders
Dispatch of packed LPG cylinder by packed trucks
The entire operation of RECEIPT, STORAGE, FILLING AND DISPATCH of LPG is
carried out in a closed system thereby eliminating risk of leakage of products and to achieve
enhanced safety. There is no chance of mixing LPG with atmosphere outside during normal
operations.
Table -E.3: Project Capacity
SN Product Existing (MT) Proposed (MT) Total (MT)
1 Storage of LPG
(Mounded Bullets)
3x300 -- 900
2 - 2x600 1200
Total 2100
Power Requirement
Power required for the existing operations is 450 KW contracted demand from Himachal
Pradesh State Electricity Board. D.G Sets are used of 1x250 kVA, 1x400 kVA and 1x500 kVA.
No additional power or DG Sets are required for proposed augmentation.
Water Supply
Total water requirement approx. 15 m3/day including domestic and fire water is being sourced
from existing tube wells from site and no additional requirement is envisaged with proposed
augmentation.
Table -E.4: Water Consumption
SN Description Water Consumption in
m3/day
Waste water generation and its
management
1 Domestic 7 Domestic wastewater generated is
being/will be treated in Sewage
Treatment Plant (Capacity 10KLD).
2 Cylinder washing 3 Effluent generated from cylinder
washing is being/will be treated in
ETP (Capacity 3 KL/D) and utilised
for greenbelt development.
3 Gardening 2+7* -
4 Fire Water Makeup 3 -
Total 15
* Treated waste water from
and ETP is being/will be used for green belt development at the LPG plant site.
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 6
Fire Fighting Facilities
Medium velocity Water Sprinkler system is available in product pump house, TLD
decantation Shed, Mounded Bullets, CR shed, Empty shed, Filling Shed and Filled Shed
as per prevailing safety guidelines issued by OISD-144.
Firefighting system comprising of MVWS System & Fire hydrant ring on proposed LPG
Mounded Bullets shall be provided as per prevailing safety guidelines issued by OISD-
150.
Provision of Fire hydrant piping network with intermittent deluge valves covering full
licensed area is available in line with OISD144 and shall be provided for proposed
augmentation as per OISD 150.
The Fire Water tanks have been provided as shown in Table E.5 and Schedule of Fire
Pumps have been provided in Table-E.6.
Table E.5: Details of Fire Tanks
SN Product Type of Tank Capacity
1 Existing Fire Water
Tank
Vertical Above ground cone roof 2 X 3700 m3
Table E-6: Schedule of Fire Pumps
SN Description Capacity Head
mWC
Nos of Pumps
Operating Standby
1 Main Pumps Diesel
Engine Driven 5x410 m3/hr 85m 3 2
2 Jockey Pumps Electrical
Driven 2x10 m3/hr 85m 1 1
Instrumentation and Automation
Instrumentation and Automation will be provided for the proposed Mounded Storage Vessels:
Tank Farm Management System: These shall comprise of automation of receipt of products.
Valve Automation system: The tank body Valves have been fitted with Electro-
pneumaticRemote Operated Valves (ROV) to be closed by bleeding air manually or by a
safety PLC in case of emergency.
Servo gauges: The gauges functions in remote for the tank inventory and tank shut down
procedures
Interlock Shutdown System has been provided per the provision of OISD 144.
Earthing system at grid.
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 7
Gas Monitoring system having sensors all over the license area to pre-warn slightest of
Leakage and MIMIC panel to communicate real time status
Access Control System: The system permits only authorized personnel to enter Plant.
Control Room with equipment: The control room monitors and logs all events pertaining to
the operation of the LPG BottlingPlanton real time basis.
Manpower
The total existing manpower LPG BP is 43 numbers of permanent staffs (Technical 22 numbers,
Security 21 numbers) and 41 numbers of temporary staffs. No additional requirement is
envisaged with proposed augmentation.
3.0 Description of Environment
The area around the LPG BottlingPlant has been surveyed for physical features and existing
environmental scenario. The field survey and baseline monitoring has been done from the period
of January 2017 to March 2017
3.1 Meteorology
The meteorological parameters were recorded on hourly basis during the study period near
proposed expansion site and the summary of meteorological datagenerated at site is presented in
following Table-E.7.
Table-E.7: Summary Of The Meteorological Data Generated At Site
Month Temperature, °C
Relative Humidity
%
Wind
Speed, m/s
Predominant
wind direction
Min Max Min Max Mean
January 2017 3 23 11 87 13.2 SE
February 2017 6 29 19 84 11.1 SE
March 2017 9 38 9 83 13.2 ESE
3.2 Air Environment
10 ambient air quality monitoring stations were selected in and around the project site and
studies were carried out as per CPCB standards. Levels of PM10and PM2.5 are found to exist in
the range of 72 to 96 µg/m3 and 18 to48µg/m
3respectively. Sulphur dioxide and Oxides of
Nitrogen are observed in therange of 2 to 8 µg/m3 and 3 to10 µg/m3respectively which are
wellwithin limits as per National Ambient Air Quality standards 2009.
3.3 Noise Environment
The noise monitoring has been conducted for determination of noise levels at10 locations in the
study area. Day and night noise level at the industrial zone is 59 dB(A) and 46 dB(A)
respectively and for residential zone is 53 to 64 dB(A) and 44 to 52 dB(A) respectively, which
are well within the limits as per ambientnoise standards.
3.4 Water Environment
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 8
Ground Water Quality
The analysis results indicate that the pH ranges in between 7.2 to 7.6, which is well within
the specified standard of 6.5 to 8.5
Total hardness was observed to be ranging from 90 to 260 mg/l. The minimum hardness (90
mg/l) was recorded at GW2 and the maximum (260 mg/l) was recorded at GW1.
Chlorides were found to be in the range of 7 to 28 mg/l, the minimum concentration of
chlorides (8 mg/l) was observed at GW2, whereas the maximum value of 28 mg/l was
observed at GW1.
Sulphates were found to be in the range of 20 to 54 mg/l. The minimum value observed at
GW2 (20 mg/l) whereas the maximum value observed at GW5 (54 mg/l).
The Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) concentrations were found to be ranging in between 150 to
320 mg/l, the minimum TDS observed at GW5 (150 mg/l) and maximum concentration of
TDS observed at GW1 (320 mg/l).
Iron is found in between 0.12 to 0.20 mg/l and Zinc found in between 1.6 to 2.4 mg/l.
Surface Water Quality
The analysis results indicate that the pH values in the range of 7.1 to 7.2
DO was observed to be in the range of 4.2 to 5 mg/l.
The TDS was observed in the range of 120 to 125 mg/l, the minimum TDS value was
observed at SW2, and where as maximum value was observed at SW1.
The chlorides and Sulphates were found to be in the range of 3 to 5 mg/l and 42 to 55 mg/l,
respectively.
Total hardness expressed as CaCO3 ranges between 40 to 58 mg/l.
The calcium & magnesium were found to be in the range of 12 to 14 mg/l and 3.2 to 3.5
mg/l, respectively. zinc is found in between 2.1 to 3 mg/l.
3.5 Soil Quality
A total of seven samples within the study area were collected and analysed. It has been observed
that the texture of soil is mostly Sandy Clay in the study area. It has been observed that the pH of
the soil quality ranged from 7.1 to 8.2indicating that the soil is slightly alkaline in nature. The
electrical conductivity was observed to be in the range of 370 to 420 mmhos/cm.
3.6 Ecology and Biodiversity
As per records of the forest Department there are no Wildlife sanctuaries,National
parks/biosphere reserves and migratory corridors of important species inthe study area. As per
the records of the Botanical Survey of India there are noplants of conservation importance in the
study area. It can be concluded that thereare no endangered species in the study area as per the
Wildlife Protection Act,1972.
3.8 Socio Economics
The total population of the study area as per the Census of 2011 is 395,083. The percentages of
male, female population are51%,and49% respectively. The sex ratio of the area is 957 (females)
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 9
per 1000 (Males): The sex ratio for the study area is very low as compared to the sex ratio of the
Una district (977) and the state (972). There are about 54,008households in the study area. The
average family size is about 5 persons per household.
4.0. Anticipated Environment Impacts and Environment Management Plan
Land/Soil Environment Impact Mitigation
During construction phase the top soil will be stored carefully and will be used again after
construction/installation phase is over so as to restore the fertility of project site. During
operation phase, as the complete system is closed loop, no leakage is envisaged and hence
negligible impact on the topography during operation phase.
Air Impact Mitigation
The emission anticipated during construction period will include fugitive dust due to excavation
of soil, levelling of soil, use of DG sets, movement of heavy construction equipment/vehicles,
site clearing and other activities. Also, water sprinkling shall be carried out to suppress fugitive
dust during earthworks and along unpaved sections of access roads. During operational phase the
facility has already been equipped with leak detection systems and shall be extended further to
the augmented mounded bullets system. The air environment has minimal impact due to truck
movement for receipt and dispatch.
Noise Impact Mitigation
Noise is generated from operation of pumps, blowers and DG sets and during vehicular
movement. The mitigation measures have been implemented like acoustic enclosures for DG
Sets as per CPCB guidelines, provision of ear plugs for labour in high noise area, green belts and
landscaping have been developed which act as noise buffer.
Water Impact Mitigation
Avoid unwanted wastage of water and use of tanker water for construction activity. Wastewater
generated will be continued to be recycled/ reused during operation of the LPG Plant and rain
water harvesting shall be further promoted.
Ecology and Biodiversity Impact Mitigation
It is plans to strengthen and maintain the extensive green belt encompassing minimum 33% of
plot area. The probability and consequences of significant ecological impacts occurring as a
result of the operation of the facility are considered to be almost negligible. Municipal solid
waste will be continued to be disposed through local bodiesandused spent oil from D.G. set is
sold to HPPCB Authorized recyclers. Hence no impact on flora and fauna is envisaged.
Moreover, there are no reserve forest and protected areas within 10 km radius. There will be no
effluent discharge in the water body. Thus, domestic wastewater generated at the LPG plant is
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 10
being /will be treated in Sewage Treatment Plant (STP). Hence there is no impact on the aquatic
biota present in vicinity of project site.
Socio-Economic Environment Impact Mitigation
The construction of the proposed augmentation is expected to provide temporary indirect
employment to a good number of skilled and unskilled workers. The project will contribute to
the socio-economic development of the area at the local level in turn reducing migration for
employment. Hence the proposed augmentation project will have positive impact on the socio-
economic environment.
5.0 Environmental Monitoring Programme
It is imperative that the IOCL shall continue to monitor environmental health, post clearance.
It helps to verify the predictions on environmental impacts presented in this study.
It helps to indicate warnings of the development of any alarming environmental situations,
and thus, provides opportunities for adopting appropriate control measures in advance.
Detailed EMP plan during construction and operation phase is given chapter 6 of EIA/EMP
report.
6.0 Project Benefits
To cater the domestic as well as non-domestic LPG demand, Bulk LPG and Auto LPG demand
of Unaand surrounding districts.
7.0 Risk Assessment and Disaster Management Plan
The maximum tolerable IR is 1.0 x 10-3 per year, whilst an IR of 1.0 x 10-6 per year is regarded
as broadly acceptable. An IR falling between these values is within the ALARP region of risk
acceptability and must be demonstrated to be as low as reasonably practicable
Flammable Gas Dispersion: The flammable cloud dispersion distances (LFL) are more in case
of full bore rupture of LPG Mounded Bullets. It goes up to approximately 450m for5Dwind
condition.
Radiation Distances due to Pool Fire: In case of Fireball for gas facility, in the event of loss of
containment of LPG from 600MT Mounded Bullets, the Fireball radiation distances for 4kW/m2
radiation goes up to approx. 1350 m for 5D wind condition.
Radiation Distances due to Jet Fire: Jet fire is a credible scenario for gas facility, in the event
of loss of containment from LPG pump discharge, the jet fire radiation distances for 4kW/m2
radiation goes up to approx. 433m for 2F wind condition
8.0 Conclusions
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 11
The proposed augmentation project will have certain level of marginal impacts on the local
environment. However, it would also generate indirect employmentgeneration, improve the
social and economic environment in the vicinity and meets the fuel need of the state.
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Purpose of the Report
As per Environmental Impact Assessment Notification dated 14th September 2006, the proposed
augmentation comes under Item No. 6(b) of Category ‗B‘. However, the Plant Site is located
within 5 km of Interstate boundary i.ePunjab and Himanchal Pradesh (0.24 km towards west
direction and 0.35 km towards north direction) and hence falls under Category ‗A‘ as per EIA
Notification 2006 of MOEF&CC for which Environmental Clearance (EC) from Ministry of
Environment, Forests and Climate Change (MOEF&CC) is necessary.
The application for EC (Form-1 and PFR) was submitted to MOEF&CC New Delhi on
13.01.2017 and the same was reviewed by the Expert Appraisal Committee held on28.03.2017
(21stmeeting of Industry -2). TOR has been issued by MOEF&CC vide letter No. J-
11011/80/2017-IA. II(I) dated31.05.2017. A copy of the letter giving thedetails of the TOR and
its compliance is enclosed as Annexure-I. This EIA reportis prepared in line with TOR
conditions recommended by EAC committee (IND-2).
Ultratech, Environmental Consultancy & LaboratoriesThane, has been retained by IOCL to
undertake anEnvironmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for various environmental
components,which may be affected due to the proposed augmentation project.
The public hearing for the proposedaugmentation project at village Raipur
Sohran,MehatpurinUna District, H.P has been conducted by HPSPCB on 30-01-2018 asper
Environment Impact Assessment Notification dated 14th September2006 and as per TOR
conditions issued by MOEF&CC, and the details areprovided in Chapter-7.
1.2 Introduction of Project and Project Proponent
M/s. Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL) is a government of India enterprise with a Navratna
status, and a Fortune 500 and Forbes 2000 company. Incorporated as IOCL on 1st September,
1964 Indian Oil and its subsidiaries account for approximately 48% petroleum products market
share, 34% national refining capacity and 71% downstream sector pipelines capacity in India. It
is India‘s flagship national oil company and downstream petroleum major thus being India‘s
largest commercial enterprise. As the flagship national oil company in the downstream sector,
Indian Oil reaches precious petroleum products to millions of people every day through a
countrywide network of about 35,000 sales points. They are backed for supplies by 167 bulk
storage terminals and depots, 101 aviation fuel stations and 91Indane (LPG) bottling plants.
Indian Oil's vast marketing infrastructure of petrol/diesel stations, Indane (LPG) distributorships,
SERVO lubricants and greases outlets and large volume consumer pumps are backed by bulk
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 12
storage terminals and installations, inland depots, aviation fuel stations, LPG bottling plants and
lube blending plants amongst others. The countrywide marketing operations are coordinated by
16 State Offices and over 100 decentralized administrative offices
IOCL is a premier public-sector company in the Oil & Gas Sector and is engaged in the business
of refining and retailing of petroleum products including LPG in the country. It is the leading
Indian corporate in the Fortune 'Global 500' listing, ranked at the 168th
position in the year 2017.
IOCL is having about 91 LPG bottling plants, which serve every corner of the country. Indane
(the trade name of LPG of IOCL) is supplied to the consumers through a network of about 5,456
distributors (51.8% of the industry). The growth in demand of LPG for domestic purpose is
increasing at a rapid pace.
Bulk Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) is received in a bullet tanker – truck from IOCL Jalandhar
and Loniunloaded by using vapor compressors and stored in Mounded Bullets. The empty
cylinders are unloaded in the unloading shed and sent by means of conveyors to the carousel for
filling them with LPG. LPG is filled in cylinders of capacity 5 kg,14.2 kg, 19.0 kg and 47.5 kg.
LPG from the storage area is pumped to the filling machine by means of LPGpumps for filling
the cylinders. After filling cylinders and subsequent checks, the filled cylinders are sent tothe
filled cylinder shed and loaded on to the trucks for dispatch to the LPG distributors to use for
house holdand industrial purposes. The details of the Project and Proponents are as mentioned in
Table 1.1(a).
Table 1.1(a): Project and Project Proponent Description
Name of Project Proposed augmentation in LPG Bulk Storage capacity at
LPG Bottling Plant atRaipur SahoranMehatpur, Una,
Himachal Pradesh by M/s Indian Oil Corporation Ltd.
Project Proponent M/s Indian Oil Corporation Limited
Name, contact number and
address of Project Proponent
M/s Indian Oil Corporation Limited
Shri Manoj Kumar Pangtey
Ch. Mgr(LPG-E), PSO
Indian Oil Corporation Limited,
Punjab State Office,
Indian Oil Bhavan, Plot No. 3A, Sector-19A,
Madhya Marg, Chandigarh - 160 019
Location of the Project
Village : Raipur Sahoran
District : Una
Taluka : Una
State : Himachal Pradesh
Latitude : 31°23'43.72"N
Longitude : 76°19'40.43"E
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 13
Name, contact number
andaddress of Consultant
Environmental Consultants:
M/s. Ultra-Tech Environmental Consultancy & Laboratory
(An ISO 9001-2008 Company, Accredited by NABET, Lab:
recognized by MOEF&CC, GoI)
Unit No. 206, 224, 225, Jai Commercial Complex,
Eastern Express Highway, Opp. Cadbury Factory,
Khopat, Thane (W) – 400601
Tel.: 91-22-25342776, 25380198, 25331438
Fax : 91-22-25429650
Email: [email protected]
Website:www.ultratech.in
Size of project activity 13.17 ha (32.56 acres)
Plant Overview 1. LPG bottling plant
2. Distribute bulk products by road (by tank lorries)
Category of Project i.e. ‗A‘ or
‗B‘
Category ‗A‘
Capacity Proposed augmentation from 900 MT storage capacities of
LPG to 2100 MT by installing 2x600 (1200 MT) of
additional LPG Mounded Bullets
1.3 Need for Project Activity
Liquid LPG is a clean fuel and is extensively used as cooking fuel in India. Due to increase in
urbanization and improved quality of life the demand for its consumption is increasing. In order
to increase its new customer base and to serve the existing customers in a better way M/s Indian
Oil Corporation Ltd. are augmenting their existing bottling plants and adding 2x600 (1200 MT)
of additional LPG Mounded Bullets. With the present LPG Bottling facilities in Himachal
Pradesh, IOCL is unable to meet the growing demand of LPG in the State.
As per the installed capacity, plant can bottle around 250 MT per day. Therefore, the existing
tankage of 900 MT provides a cover equivalent to bottling of around 4 days. Moreover, with
increase in demand in Himachal Pradesh and Punjab, there will be a need to operate the plant in
two shifts, which will further reduce the cover to 2 days.
Bulk LPG to the BP is positioned by road tankers which are loaded primarily from Loni BP near
Delhi which is at a distance of about 350 kms from Una. In the event of non-availability of
product at Loni, either due to high demand at other plants/markets or any technical constraint in
JLPL, bulk LPG supplies to Una BP is executed from alternate sources e.g. Jaipur, Dumad,
Kandla or Jamnagar, which are at a distance higher than Loni. This may result in non-availability
of product at Una if sufficient stock at plant is not maintained.
The existing tankage at Una BP is sufficient for bottling of around 4 days. Any disruption in
supplies either due to non-availability of product may result in dry out.
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 14
In view of the foregoing, IOCL has proposed for provision of augmentation with 2 x 600 MT of
mounded bullets at existing Una LPG BP. The augmentation of the storage capacity of Bottling
Plant is estimated to cost 21.70 crores.
1.4 Brief description of Nature, Size and Location of the project
The project activity isaugmentation in LPG Bulk Storage capacity at LPG Bottling Plant at
Raipur SahoranMehatpur, Una. As per the Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification
dated 14th
September, 2006 as amended, the proposed augmentation project falls under 'Type 6b -
Isolated Storage and Handling of Hazardous Chemicals’ (As per threshold planning quantity
indicated in column 3 of schedule 2 and 3 of MSIHC Rules 1989 amended 2000), which requires
preparation of an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report.
This EIA Report addresses the environmental impacts of the proposed augmentation project and
proposes the mitigation measures for the same. The report is prepared, based on the Standard
Terms of Reference (ToR) for EIA/EMP Report for Projects requiring Environmental Clearance
(EC) for Isolated Storage & Handling of Hazardous Chemicals project by Ministry of
Environment & Forests & Climate Change (MoEF&CC) NewDelhi , GOI.
The Bottlingplant is located at Raipur SahoranMehatpurUna district in Himachal Pradesh.
Thetotalplot area of the LPG Plant facility is approximately 13.17hectare (32.56 acres). The
proposed augmentation shall be carried out within the existing premises of the Bottling Plant.
The site is easily accessible by road. The nearest railway station is RaiMehatpurRailway Station
at approximately 0.4km. The nearest airport is Chandigarh Airport at about 118Km.The details
of environmental setting are given in Table 1.1(b). The location map is shown in Figure -1.1.
Further, 10 km radius study area map and Google map are given in figure 1.2 and Figure -1.3
respectively.
Table 1.1(b): Environmental Setting around Project Site
SN Particulars Details
1. Name of Project Proposed augmentation in LPG Bulk
Storage capacity at LPG Bottling Plant
atRaipur SahoranMehatpur, Una, Himachal
Pradesh by M/s Indian Oil Corporation Ltd.
2. Project Proponent M/s Indian Oil Corporation Limited
3. Plant location Mehatpur, Una, Himachal Pradesh by M/s
Indian Oil Corporation Ltd.
4. Coordinates A:31°23'55.08"N, 76°19'39.81"E
B: 31°23'37.44"N, 76°19'48.13"E
C: 31°23'35.70"N, 76°19'42.22"E
D: 31°23'38.69"N, 76°19'41.53"E
E: 31°23'38.75"N, 76°19'32.66"E
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 15
SN Particulars Details
F: 31°23'49.45"N, 76°19'35.62"E
5. General elevation above MSL 1220 ft
6. Nearest highways NH 503 – 1.47 km(E)
7. Present land use at the site Land use pattern is notified for industrial use
8. Nearest railway station RaiMehatpur Railway Station: 0.4 km (N)
9. Nearest Airport Chandigarh Airport: 118 km (SSE)
10. Nearest major water bodies Satluj Lake: 3.5 Km, E
Nangal Dam: 10.0 Km, E
Soan River (ributaries of river Satluj)
11. Nearest town/City Nearest City -Nangal:8 km (ESE)
District HQ Una: 12 km
12. Interstate boundary Punjab and Himanchal Pradesh boundary -
0.24 km towards west direction and 0.35 km
towards north direction.
13. Archaeologically important places None within 10 km
14. Protected areas as per Wildlife
Protection Act, 1972 (Tiger reserve,
Elephant reserve, Biospheres,
National parks, Wildlife
sanctuaries, community reserves
and conservation reserves)
None within 10 km
15. Reserved / Protected Forests None within 10 km
16. Defence Installations None within 10 km
17. Seismicity The proposed augmentation project is
located in Seismic Zone IV as per IS: 1893
and all designs will be as per IS Codes
18. Industries Swiss Garnier HP: 2.5 km, NE
Tahliwal Joshi Industries: 7.8 Km,
SW
The SukhjitAgro Industries: 8.2 Km,
SSW
Atul Automotive Safety Glass
Industries : 9 Km, SSW
Kalgidhar Furniture Industries: 8
Km, NNW.
National Fertilizer Limited, Nangal :
5 KM, SE.
PACL, Nangal :3 KM, SE
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 16
Project Site
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 17
Figure 1.1: Location Map
Figure 1.2: 10 Km Study Area Map-IOCL Plant
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 18
Figure-1.3 Google Map
1.5 Scope of the Study
The scope of the study broadly includes:
To describe the project and associated works together with the requirements for carrying out
the proposed development
To establish the baseline environmental and social scenario of the project site and its
surroundings
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 19
To identify and describe the elements of the community and environment likely to be
affected by the project
To identify, predict and evaluate environmental and social impacts during the construction
and operation phase of the project
To study the existing traffic load, predict the increment in traffic due the project and to
suggest the management plan for the same
Details about conservation of resources
To design and specify the monitoring and audit requirements necessary to ensure the
implementation and the effectiveness of the mitigation measures adopted
To access risk during construction and operation phase and formulate the disaster
management plan onsite and offsite
To evaluate proposed pollution control measures and delineate Environmental Management
Plan (EMP)
To delineate post-project environmental quality monitoring program
1.6 Applicable Environmental Regulations
With respect to prevention and control of environmental pollution, the following Acts and Rules
of Ministry of Environment and Forest, Government of India govern the proposed
expansion/augmentation project:
Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 as amended in 1988
Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 as amended in 1987
Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 amended in 1991 and Environment (Protection) rules,
1986 and amendments thereafter
The Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016
Hazardous and Other Wastes (Management and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2016.
The Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemical Rules, 1989
E- Waste (Management) Amendment Rules, 2018
The Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 and as amended
EIA Notification dated 14.09.2006 as amended
1.7 Structure of EIA Report
EIA report contains baseline data, project description and assessment of impacts and preparation
of Environmental Management Plan and Disaster Management Plan. The report is organized in
following ten chapters:
Executive Summary
This chapter describes the summary of the environmental impact assessmentstudies.
Chapter 1: Introduction
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 20
This chapter describes objectives and methodology for EIA.
Chapter 2: Project Description
This chapter gives a brief description of the existing facilities and infrastructure required for
augmentation etc. This chapter also gives outline of status of completion of construction
activities as this is an augmentation project
Chapter 3: Description of the Environment
This chapter presents details of the baseline environmental status for microclimate, air quality,
noise, traffic, water quality, soil quality, flora, fauna and socio-economic status etc.
Chapter 4: Anticipated Environmental Impact and Mitigation Measures
This chapter discusses the possible sources of pollution and environmental impacts due to the
project during construction and operation phases and suggests the mitigation measures.
5. Analysis of Alternative Sites and Technology
This chapter describes the analysis of various alternative sites and the technology required for the
project.
6. Environmental Monitoring Program
This chapter provides recommendations for Environment Management Plan (EMP)including
mitigation measures for minimizing the negative environmental impacts of the project.
Environmental monitoring requirements for effective implementation ofmitigative measures
during construction as well as during operation of the projectalong with required institutional
arrangements for their implementation. Budgetarycost estimates for mitigation measures are also
brought out.
Chapter 7: Additional Studies
This chapter covers information about Public Consultation and Risk Assessment Studies for the
construction and operation phase, the safety precautions that are taken during construction phase.
Chapter 8: Project Benefits
This chapter presents the benefits from this project.
Chapter 9: Environmental Cost Benefit Analysis
Chapter 10: Environmental Management Plan
This chapter deals with the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for the proposed
augmentation Project and indicates measures proposed to minimize the likely impacts on the
environment during construction and operation phases and budgetary allocation for the same.
Chapter 11: Disclosure of Consultants
This chapter deals with the details of consultants engaged and the NABET accreditation details
of environmental consultants.
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 21
CHAPTER 2. PROJECT DISCRIPTION
2.1 Type of project
Una LPG Bottling Plant (BP) operates strictly as a storage & packing facility for LPG. No by-
products / additional products are generated / manufactured during the operations. The proposed
augmentation enhances the storage capacity of LPG from 900 MT to 2100 MT. Hence, the
present proposal is classified under Schedule 6(b) & Category ‗B‘ according to EIA Notification
2006 & subsequent amendments.
2.2 Need and Justification of the Project
Liquid LPG is a clean fuel and is extensively used as cooking fuel in India. Due to increase in
urbanization and improved quality of life the demand for its consumption is increasing. In order
to increase its new customer base and to serve the existing customers in a better way M/s Indian
Oil Corporation Ltd. are augmenting their existing bottling plants and setting up new plants.
With the present LPG Bottling facilities in Himachal Pradesh, IOCL is unable to meet the
growing demand of LPG in the State. As per the installed capacity, plant can bottle around 250
MT per day. Therefore, the existing tankage of 900 MT provides a cover equivalent to bottling of
around 4 days. Moreover, with increase in demand in Himachal Pradesh and Punjab, there will
be a need to operate the plant in two shifts, which will further reduce the cover to 2-3 days.
Bulk LPG to the BP is positioned by road tankers which are loaded primarily from Loni BP near
Delhi which is at a distance of about 350 kms from Una. In the event of non-availability of
product at Loni, either due to high demand at other plants/markets or any technical constraint in
JLPL, bulk LPG supplies to Una BP is executed from alternate sources e.g. Jaipur, Dumad,
Kandla or Jamnagar, which are at a distance higher than Loni. This may result in non-availability
of product at Una if sufficient stock at plant is not maintained. The existing tankage at Una BP is
sufficient for bottling of around 4 days. Any disruption in supplies either due to non-availability
of product may result in dry out. In view of the foregoing, IOCL has proposed for provision of
augmentation with 2nos of mounded bullets with 600 MT (each) capacities at Una LPG BP. The
augmentation of the storage capacity of Bottling Plant is estimated to cost 21.70crores.
2.3 Layout
No additional land is proposed to be acquired for the augmentation/expansion project. About
2016 sq. mt. of land is required for the construction of additional mounded storage vessels which
shallbe accommodated within the vacant area available in the existing plant premises of32.56
acres (131765 sqmt) ofIOCL.
The plant layout showing the location of various units of existing as well asproposed mounded
storage Bulletsis shown in Figure-2.1. The land use breakup of the project area is given in Table-
2.1.
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 22
Table-2.1: Land Break Up of Project area (land)
Sl.
No
Particulars Existing After Expansion
Area
(SQM)
Percentage
(%)
Area
(SQM)
Percentage
(%)
1 Plant Area, Office Area, and
housing (all covered area)
7537 5.72 7537 5.72
2 Car Parking Area 100 0.08 100 0.08
3 Green Belt Area 43500 33.02 43500 33.02
4 Mounded Bullet Area 1100 0.83 3116 2.36
5 Open Area and others Total 79528 60.35 77512 58.82
a) Truck parking area. 7650 5.81 7650 5.81
b) Fire water tanks 760 0.57 760 0.57
c) Approach roads, Paved
areas and other misc. area
71118 53.97 69102 52.44
Total Plot Area 131765 100 131765 100
Layout plan of the bottling plant including existing and proposed facilities have been given
inFigure 2.1 and also as Annexure II.
The design considerations for the site layout of the proposed augmentation project are provided
as below:
Design Parameters: Temperature, Pressure, Internal Corrosion, Hydro Test Pressure
Design Procedure: As per the Design Code: ASME SEC. VIII or equivalent duly approved
by PESO.
Piping layout is as per OISD-150. One liquid line, one vapour line, 2no‘s SRVs, ROVs on
liquid and vapour lines
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 23
Figure 2.1: Layout Showing Existing and Proposed Storage Facilities
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 24
2.4 Salient Features of the Project
The salient features of the Una LPG BP are presented in Table 2.2.
Table 2.2: Salient Features of Existing /Proposed facility
Sr. No. Description Details
1 Total Land 32.56 acres
2 Capacity of Storage
Tanks
Type of
Vessel/Status
Nos Capacity Total
Capacity
Existing Mounded
Bullets
3 300 MT 900 MT
Proposed Mounded
Bullets
2 600 MT 1200 MT
3 Power requirement 450 KW
Source: Himachal Pradesh State Electricity Board
D.G Sets as Backup - 1x250 kVA, 1x400 kVA
and 1x500 kVA
4 Water requirement Total water requirement approx. 15 m3/day
Source: Existing tube wells from site.
No additional water requirement is envisaged
with proposed augmentation of storage capacity.
5 Man power Existing manpower= Permanent – 22; Temporary
– 41, Security - 21
No additional Manpower is envisaged with
proposed augmentation of storage capacity
6 Project Expansion
Cost
INR 21.70 Crores.
7 Cost towards
environment
protection
INR 300 lakhs
8 Fire Fighting Facilities
A Fire water storage 2 X 3700 m3
B Fire water pumps Diesel Driven Pumps of 5*410 kL/hr capacity
C Jockey pumps Electric motor driven 2*10 m3/hr capacity
C Water sprinkler /
Deluge system
At all relevant places (will be converted to auto
sprinkler system supported by PLC based ILSD)
D Fire Hydrant/monitor
piping network
As per prescribed OISD
E DCP As per prescribed OISD
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 25
Sr. No. Description Details
&CO2extinguishers
F Gas Monitoring
System
As per prescribed OISD
G ILSD As per OISD-144
Source: IOCLUna BP
2.4.1 Proposed Schedule and Approval for Implementation
The construction of LPG storage and related activities will commence on receipt of
Environmental Clearance (EC) from MOEF&CC, and Consent to Establish (CTE) from HPPCB
and other statutory approvals/NOCs as required. It is envisaged that construction activities will
take 12-15 months post the necessary approvals.
2.4.2 Land use
The proposedaugmentation will be carried out within the existing facilities of LPG BP at Una.
The site earmarked for proposed augmentationcurrently vacant. There is no change in land use.
2.5 Process Description
2.5.1 LPG Receipt and Storage
Bulk LPG is being received through road tankers of approx. 18 MT capacities from
IOCLJalandhar, Loni etc.
2.5.2 Unloading
LPG in road tankers will be unloaded in TLD shed comprising 8 nos. of unloading bays. LPG
will be unloaded from the road tanker by differential pressure method. During LPG unloading,
vapour from one storage bullet will be sucked and will be compressed in LPG compressor. The
compressed LPG vapour will be fed to bulk tanker to pressurize it and LPG (Liquid) will be
transferred from the road tanker to the Bullet.
After LPG unloading, the compressor suction will be reversed by changing the valve position
and LPG vapour will be recovered from road tanker through the same compressor and
discharged till the suction pressure of tanker is approximately1.5 Kg/cm2.
2.5.3 LPG Pump House
LPG Pumps
Vertical Can Type LPG pumps will take suction from bottom of Mounded Bullets and deliver
liquid to carousal for filling in empty cylinders.
LPG Vapour Compressors
Total three compressors of Capacity- 2*150cfm each and 1*65cfmhave been provided. The
compressor is used for unloading of LPG from road tankers by pressurization and thereafter for
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 26
recovery of LPG vapour from the road tankers when unloading will be complete. The
compressor will be equipped with a suction receiver (knock out drum) to trap any condensed
liquid.
2.5.4 Air Compressor and Air-Drying Unit
2 nos. of reciprocating type compressor and one lubricated type screw type Air compressor
provided for supply of compressed air for plant requirement as well as for preparation of
instrument air at a press of 5-6.5 Kg/cm2a. Compressed air shall be generally required as plant
air/service air and a part of the compressed air passes through air drying unit for generation of
instrument air at 5.6.5 Kg/cm2a and relative humidity at -15ºC. Instrument air will be required
for LPG handling and filling system, operation of instruments including ROVs and thermal fuse
bulbs etc. The air compressor and air-drying unit are located at a sufficient distance from LPG
handling facilities.
2.5.5 LPG Cylinder filling and associated facilities
Empty cylinders from empty cylinder storage shed are drawn in the filling shed by chain
conveyer. LPG will be filled by means of rotary machines called "Carousel". The carousel
consists of a rotating frame with running wheels on rail (and corresponding rail), a central
column for gas and air and which rotates with the carousel frame a hydraulic driving unit. The
speed of the driving unit will be variable so that the rotation of the carousel can be adapted to
various filling capacities. The carousel will be equipped with 24 filling guns‘ filling machines
mounted on the carousel works on gross weighing principle. The machine will be preset for the
net filling required in the cylinders. The cylinders are placed on the machine and the filling head
will be connected to the cylinder valve and LPG supply valve opens. The operator punches rate
of each incoming LPG cylinders and filling machine of the corresponding cylinder will be
adjusted for the respective tare weight of the cylinders. Remaining the filled LPG weight contant,
the filing gets automatically cut off when the total gross weight (Adjusted Tare weight + contant
LPG weight) reaches.
Checking of weight and Leak testing
After filling, every cylinder will be checked for its weight on a check weighing scale and the
cylinders having less or more weight are segregated and are sent through a integrated weight
correction unit. The cylinders are checked for valve leakage by Gas Detector and ‖O‖-Ring leak
by Pressure Tester, then checking for body and bung leaks by totally submerging cylinders under
water as per prevailing practice. After leak testing, sample of cylinders are segregated for
Statistical Quality Checking (SQC), then cylinders are sent to filled cylinder storage shed by
means of chain conveyers for loading in the packed trucks.
Air removal from cylinders and LPG vapour filling - Purging Unit
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 27
This unit will be required to fill LPG vapour in cylinders (new and repaired) after sucking the air
from cylinders by vacuum pumps. This operation is required to eliminate the possibility of
forming explosive mixture with air. Vacuum will be created upto 300 mm of Hg inside the
cylinder and then LPG vapour will be injected into the cylinder up to a pressure of 1.5 to 2
kg/cm2g before using them for filling of LPG.
Evacuation of leaky cylinders
Defective valves of LPG Cylinders shall be replaced by using Valve Change without Evacuation
Unit. In this unit the defective valves are replaced without evacuating the LPG from the defective
cylinders.
Storage of filled cylinders and transportation
Filled cylinders after leak testing, weight testing and fixing safety caps will be stacked in the
filled cylinder shed near the delivery end as per rules laid down by OISD-144/Gas Cylinder
Rules, 1981. Filled cylinders will be delivered only to the PESO approved godown of authorized
LPG distributors. Drivers of the trucks carrying LPG shall have valid license and training in
safety and fire fighting procedures.
Note: Whole filling shed are comes under the network of medium velocity sprinkler system
2.6 Process Flow Chart
There is no manufacturing process involved in the LPG bottling plant. The process involved can
be divided into 4 Stages as below and as shown in Figure 2.2:
Receiptof Bulk LPG through LPG bulk trucks.
Storage of LPG in mounded storage vessel tanks as per OISD-150.
Filling of the LPG into cylinders (domestic/ commercial/ industrial).
Dispatch of LPG cylinders through Vehicles (Packed cylinder Truck
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 28
Receipt of LPG by Bulk Truck
Transfer of LPG in existing 3X300 MT and
proposed 2 x 600 MT Mounded Storage Vessel
Cylinders are filled up by
Operating LPG Pumps
14.2 kg & 19 Kg Cylinder are filled by weight through Carousals, 47.5 Kg
cylinders filled through unit filling machine tested for weight and leakages
and sealed before dispatch.
Bottling of LPG Cylinder at
filling shed
Dispatch of filled LPG cylinder in Packed
Truck
Figure 2.2: Process Flow Chart
2.7 Infrastructure at the Facility
2.7.1 Description of Mounded Bullets
The mounded storage of LPG has proved to be safer compared to above ground storage vessels
since it provides intrinsically passive and safe environment and eliminates the possibility of
Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Explosion (BLEVE). The cover of the mound protects the
vessel from fire engulfment, radiation from a fire in close proximity and acts of sabotage or
vandalism. The area of land required to locate a mounded system is minimal compared to
conventional storage. Excavation up to a depth of 0.75 m is done for construction of mounded
bullet foundation (below FGL). Cathodic protection through sacrificial anode method has been
provided for all the three bullets to prevent them from corrosion.
A typical drawing of the mounded bullets system is as shown in Figure 2.3.
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 29
Figure 2.3: Typical Mounded Bullet System
2.7.2 Parking Lot
The proposed Bottling Plant has provided facility for approximately 20 Bulk Tank Trucks (TT)
and 65Packed Truck Parking Area.
2.8 Fire Prevention System
The gas leak detection, fire prevention and control system implemented at Una LPG Bottling
Plant complies with the norms prescribed under OISD 144 and OISD 150. The following are the
systems which are provided at Una LPG Bottling Plant: -
Gas Monitoring System: The system consists of gas detecting sensors linked to a computerized
processing unit and with alarm panels at control room, filing shed, plant manager‘s cabin as well
as security gate having audio / visual alarms and MIMIC Panel to alert the plant personnel. The
sensors are located at all sensitive or potential hazard areas in the plant as indicated in OISD 144.
Air/Vapor Extraction System: It is a blower with ducts extended to different operating points
in filling shed. The blower extracts any leaking LPG vapor from the floor level and cold flares
the same to the free atmosphere at the height of 1.5 meter from the highest points of eves of the
shed. This system is interlocked with filling system, such that the blower has to be started before
the carousel is started for filling operation. Blower runs during filling operation continuously. A
standby blower is also given to meet situations where one of the blowers is out of order. In this
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 30
way there is no accumulation of LPG at plant floor level and any minor leaks due to operation is
immediately evacuated and not allowed to reach the lower explosive limit.
Remote (Control) Operated Valves: These are pneumatically operated quick shut off valves
provided on LPG pipelines (in liquid line) connected to LPG equipment (like storage vessels,
carousel, TLD lines) with actuating points located both remotely and nearer to operating
facilities in plant. When actuated, the valves will close within 30 seconds, stopping the flow of
LPG in pipelines. Besides, in case of leakage of LPG through flange joint or rupture of pipeline,
the Excess Flow Check Valve are operated restricting the leakage of LPG to the sections
between two Gate Valves in LPG pipe line and the LPG in upstream area and the storage bullet
area is cut off from the leaking point, thereby preventing major leakage or fire.
High Level Alarm: This kind of alarm is installed in bullets. In case of filling of more than 85 %
the alarm will be actuated at Pump House and remote operated valves installed in storage vessel
will close the flow of LPG to vessel. The actuation of remote operated valve and alarm is
interlocked with the level of LPG liquid in vessel.
Fire Hydrant Network: All round the plant in licensed and non-licensed area there are fire
water line ring network. In both licensed &non-licensed area there are intermittent fire hydrants
and water monitors in a specific distance. Further in licensed area there are deluge valve in all
critical areas (called as fire zones), as per OISD 144. MV sprinkler system can be operated from
deluge valves.
Emergency Trip Buttons and Manual call Points: These emergency push buttons are provided
at strategic places in the plant. In case of emergency, when the emergency trip button is actuated
action takes place as specified in the clause 11.11 of OISD 144 which involves tripping of
electricity to all the operating equipment in the hazardous area of the plant, closure of all remote
operated valves on the LPG pipelines and sounding of siren. Operation of manual call point will
denote an abnormal situation alerting the plant personnel and will involve the sounding of siren
only. An annunciator panel installed at manned control room will indicate the location from
where Manual Call Point is actuated. These points are provided at strategic locations in the plant.
Medium Velocity Spray System : This sprinkle system is provided in the operating areas of
hazardous areas of plant like sheds involving filling, storage and operation on cylinders, tank
lorry decantation shed, expose flanges of mounded storage, LPG pump house, etc., as per the
specifications given in OISD 144 / 150.
Adequate storage of fire water in exclusive above ground tanks is maintained as per the fire
water calculation. There is a fire water pipeline system which is constantly kept pressurized with
a minimum of 7 kg per cmsquare at farthest point using jockey pumps which start and stop
automatically at preset pressures. The fire water pipeline is connected to the MV spray system
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 31
through deluge valves where an air water balance is maintained. The MV Spray system is
equipped with a quartzite bulb fire detection system. When the temperature reaches 79º C the
bulb will be burst releasing the air water balance at the deluge valve and thereby starting the
sprinkling of water. This will reduce the pressure in the pipeline which will actuate the fire water
pumps by a preset mechanical pressure switch. This process will repeat until other fire pump
start and same will stabilize when quantum of fire water as per designed scenario of firefighting
is achieved.Thus, the entire system of fire protection is automatic.
Interlock Shut Down System: As per OISD 144 all the plant has Inter Locked Shut Down
System (ILSD) in place. It is a combination of synchronised activity to control a emergency
situation in a far better way. In the plant with ILSD if fire water started at any point by any of the
4icases of actuation of sprinkler either by bursting of quartzite bulb, or operating sprinkler
manually, all plant machineries will trip electrically, electric siren will be sounded, fire engine
will be started, all remote operated valve in liquid LPG line will be closed and emergency light
will be activated (at night). This system is called Interlocked Shut down System. Apart from that
zone of emergency will be indicated in annuciator panel at control room.
List of existing and proposed firefightingequipment‘s are shown in the following table:
Table 2.3: List of Fire Fighting Equipment’s
Location in side plant
Description of safety
equipment
Available
quantity
Proposed
addition after
commissioning
of MSV
Bulk Storage Area-Vessel DCP Extinguisher 10 KG 6 4
Bulk Storage Area DCP Extinguisher 75 KG 1 1
Cyl. Filling / Storage shed-10
Kg DCP DCP Extinguisher 10 KG 39 -
Cyl. Filling / Storage shed-75
Kg DCP DCP Extinguisher 75 KG 3 -
LPG Pump House DCP 10 KG DCP Extinguisher 10 KG 10 -
LPG Pump House DCP 75 KG DCP Extinguisher 75 KG 1 -
TTL BAY DCP 10 KG DCP Extinguisher 10 KG 8 -
TTL BAY DCP 75 KG DCP Extinguisher 75 KG 1 -
Fire Pumps DCP Extinguisher 10 KG 3 -
Consumer Pumps DCP 10 KG DCP Extinguisher 10 KG 2 -
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 32
Location in side plant
Description of safety
equipment
Available
quantity
Proposed
addition after
commissioning
of MSV
Consumer Pumps CO2 4.5 KG
CO2- FireExtinguisher 4.5
KG 2 -
Consumer Pumps SAND
BUCKETS 9 LIT 9 LIT Sand Bucket & Stand 2 -
Office / stores DCP Extinguisher 10 KG 3 -
Canteen DCP Extinguisher 10 KG 3 -
Computer Room
CO2- Fire Extinguisher 2.0
KG 2 -
Office cabin
CO2- Fire Extinguisher 2.0
KG 5 -
MCC/DG room/ HT room CO2
4.5 KG
CO2- Fire Extinguisher 4.5
KG 6 -
MCC/DG room/ HT room
SAND BUCKET 9 LIT 9 LIT Sand Bucket & Stand 8 -
Transformer CO2 Fire Extinguisher 6.5 kg 1 -
Fire water Hoses In Hose
Boxes Fire Hoses 40 -
Fire water Hoses In Store Fire Hoses 13 -
Jet noz_store Jet Nozzle 6 -
Jet noz_Hose Box Jet Nozzle 20 -
Jet noz_Fire Trolley Jet Nozzle 2 -
Water curtain nozzles Water Curtain Nozzles 4 -
Triple Purpose nozzle Tripple Action Nozzle 2 -
Universal Nozzle Universal Nozzles 6 -
Hose box Hose Boxes 20 -
Safety helmets Safety Helmet 70 -
Stretcher with blanket Stretcher 1 -
First Aid Box
First Aid Box With Anti
Snake 2 -
Rubber Hand Gloves Rubber Hand Gloves (Pair) 2 -
Low Temp Rubber Hand
Gloves
Low Temp Hand Gloves
(Pair) 0 -
Low Temp Prot Clothing
Low Temp Protective
Clothing 0 -
Fire Proximity Suit Fire Proximity Suit 1 -
Resuscitators Resuscitators 1 -
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 33
Location in side plant
Description of safety
equipment
Available
quantity
Proposed
addition after
commissioning
of MSV
Red flags for Fire drill Red Flag 2 -
Green flags for Fire drill Green Flag 2 -
SCABA with spare cylinder Scaba With Spare Cylinder 0 -
Water Jel Blankets Water Jel Blankets 1 -
Portable Gas Detector
Port Gas
Detector_Explosi_MTR 2 -
Hand operated siren Hand Operated Siren 9 -
Electrical siren (1 km range) Electric Siren 1 Km Range 2 -
Mobile trolley for FF First Aid Fire Trolley 1 -
CO2 cartridges # 10 kg DCP
(200 gms.)
CO2crtdg 200GM_10KG
DCP FE 75 -
CO2 cartridges # 75 kg DCP(2
Kg)
CO2crtdg 2KG_75KG DCP
FE 6 -
DCP bags for 10 kg F.Es DCP Powder (Kg) 2070 -
DCP bags for 75 kg F.Es DCP Powder (Kg) 225 -
Hazardous area WATER
MONITORS Water Monitor 18 4
Non-Hazardous area WATER
MONITORS Water Monitor 7 -
Hazardous area DBL
HEADED HYD POINTS Double Headed Hydrant Point 14 -
Non-Hazardous area DBL
HEADED HYD POINTS Double Headed Hydrant Point 6 -
Fire water as per OISD # 144 Fire Water Storage (KL) 7400 -
Fire pump as per OISD # 144
Fire Pump Capacity (410
KL/H) 5 -
Air Compressor house DCP Extinguisher 10 KG 2 -
Plant sheds
Deluge Valves (Sprinkler
system) 8 1
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 34
2.9 Plant and Equipment Details
The existing as well as proposed plant and equipment details along with sizing are detailed in
brief in Table 2.4. Table 2.5, Table 2.6, Table 2.7 and Table 2.8. Further Site Plan Layout is
referenced as Annexure II.
Table 2.4: Non-Plant Shed/Building
Security (Main Gate) 03 M X 03 M
CR/S & D 8 M X 10 M
Administrative Bldg, conf room (2 Story) 10 M X 14M 10 M X 10M
HSD storage 18 N X 15 M
Truck Crew Rest Room 8.5 M X 10 M
Stores Building 27 M X 10.56 M
Car/Scooter parking 5 M X 20 M
Fire Pump House and Air Compressor House 10 M X 15 M
Fire Water Tank 10 X 30M
Weigh Bridge 15 M X 3 M
TLD (8bays) 15 M X 5.5 M X 8 M
Filled Cylinder Shed 36.4 M X 44.8M +16.8 M X 42.3 M
Empty cum filling shed 53.36 M X 58.03 M
Mounded Storage Vessels (Proposed) 5.2M X 32.40 M
(2 X 600 MT)
LPG Pump House 8 M X 28 M
Cooling water tank 1Nos 1 X 10 KL
Emergency Exit 2 GATES
Electric Substation 8 M X 44 M
Value Change Shed 16.8 M X 16.8 M
Table 2.5: Plant Shed/Building
No. Description Size
1 Empty cum Filling Shed 53.36 M X 58.03 M
2 Filled Cylinder Shed 36.4 M X 44.8M +16.8 M X
42.3 M
3 TLD 15 M X 5.5 M X 8 M
Table 2.6: Brief Description of Facilities
No. of TLD bays 8
No. of Water Storage Tanks 2 No.
No. of Water cooling pumps 1
No. of Bore Wells 3
No. of DG sets 3 (1x250 kVA, 1x400 kVA and 1x500 kVA.)
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 35
No. of LPG pumps 2*48 M3/Hr and 1*85 M3/Hr
No. of LPG compressors 2*150 CFM and 1*65 CFM
No. of Air Compressors 2*150 CFM and 1*300 CFM
No. of Security Air Compressors 2
No. of Fire Pumps 5 * 410 M3/hr
No. of Jockey Pumps 2 * 10 M3/Hr
No. of DVs 14
No. of Telescopic Conveyors 8
Gas Monitoring System:
Make and No. of sensors
1
Carousal : Make, No. of Filling Points 2 x 24 Machines electronic carousal
Leak Detector(GD) : 1800 cyls/ hr one each carousal
Pressure Tester (PT) 1800 cyls/ hr one each carousal
Weight Reduction Unit One unit for both carousels
IWCU (Integrated Weight Correction Unit) Proposed 1 unit one each carousal
Dynamic/Static Check Scale 1 unit each carousal
Evacuation Unit : Make and No of guns Stand with 6 guns.
Valve Change unit Without Evacuation Proposed 1 unit one each carousal
Purging Unit: Make and Capacity 1 unit
Valve Changing Machine 1 unit
Hot Air Sealing System (HASS) 1800 cyls/ hr one each carousal
Weigh Bridge 50 MT
Vapour Extraction system 1 system
Test Bath 15 cyls holding capacity one each carousal
Conveyor system 1 system for each carousal
Table 2.7: Electrical Systems
No. Description Size
1 Transformers To suit requirement – tentatively - 2 (1 x 750 kVA
power and 1 x 250 kVA lighting)
2 Energy Saver To suit requirement – tentatively - 160 kVA
3 Capacitor Bank To suit requirement – tentatively - 125 kVA
4 Battery Charger/Bank To suit requirement – tentatively - 110 kVA
5 Earth Pits To suit requirement – tentatively - 102nos
6 Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) 2 nos
7 Contract Demand To suit requirement – tentatively - 450 kVA
8 Connected Load (Power) To suit requirement – tentatively - 568 kW
9 HT VCB 11 kV, 400 A
10 PMCC and MLDB 1 system
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 36
No. Description Size
11 High mast 5 nos.
Table 2.8: Safety data
No of monitors Monitors and Hydrant points (alternate) in hydrant ring @ 30 m. Numbers as
per requirement
Hydrant points Monitors and Hydrant points (alternate)in hydrant ring @ 30 m. Numbers as
per requirement
Fire extinguishers 10 kg DCP, 75 kg DCP, and CO2 fire extinguishers as per requirement given
in OISD – 144
Hand Siren As per requirement mentioned in OISD -144
ETB As per requirement mentioned in OISD -144
MCP As per requirement mentioned in OISD -144
2.10 Power Requirement
Power required for the existing operations is 450 KW sourced fromHimachal Pradesh State
Electricity Board. D.G sets are used of 1x250 kVA, 1x400 kVA and 1x500 kVA.
2.11 Manpower Requirement
The total existing manpower LPG BP is 43 numbers of permanent staffs (Technical 22 numbers,
Security 21 numbers) and 41 numbers of temporary staffs. No additional requirement is
envisaged with proposed augmentation.
2.12 Water and Wastewater Management
Total water requirement including domestic and fire water is being sourced from existing tube
wells from site and no additional requirement is envisaged with proposed augmentation of
storage capacity. The existing premises of LPG BP includes and STP of 10 KLD capacity.
Table 2.9: Water Consumption
SN Description Water Consumption in
m3/day
Waste water generation and its
management
1 Domestic 7 4.5 KLD domestic wastewater
generated is being/will be treated in
Sewage Treatment Plant (Capacity10
KLD).
2 Cylinder washing 3 3 KLD effluent generated from
cylinder washing is being/will be
treated in ETP (Capacity 3 KL/D)
and utilised for greenbelt
development.
3 Gardening 2+7* -
4 Fire Water Makeup 3 -
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 37
SN Description Water Consumption in
m3/day
Waste water generation and its
management
Total 15
No trade effluent will be generated as the proposed augmentation involves receipt, storage and
distribution of LPG only. Wastewater generated fromdomestic use has been treated in the
existing sewage treatment plant.
2.13 Solid and Hazardous Waste Disposal System
Details of the solid and hazardous generation with their category and its quantity, disposal
system are mentioned in Table 2.10 and Table 2.11.
Table 2.10: Non-Hazardous Waste
Sr.
No.
Solid Waste
Generation
Type of
waste
Total
(approx)
Management
1
From
Domestic
Activities
Dry garbage 4.5 Kg/day Handed over to the authorised recyclers
Wet garbage 2.5 Kg/day Vermi composting and manure usage for
gardening
Table 2.11: Hazardous waste
Sr.
No.
Schedule I
Category No. Type Qty Method of Disposal
1 Sch. 5.1 – Used Oil 5 LPM To be disposed off as per
HPPCB norms
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 38
Plate 2.1: Site Photographs
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 39
CHAPTER 3. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
3.1 General
This chapter illustrates the description of the existing environmental status of thestudy area with
reference to the prominent environmental attributes. The studyarea covers the region falling
within 10 km radius around the proposed additionalcapacity in the existing facility. The existing
environmental setting is consideredto adjudge the baseline environmental conditions, which are
described withrespect to climate, hydro- geological aspects, atmospheric conditions,
waterquality, soil quality, vegetation pattern, ecology, socio-economic profiles ofpeople, hydro-
geological aspects, land use and archaeological importance.
The present report incorporates the data monitored over a period of three monthsfrom January
2017 to March 2017. Theprimary baseline monitoring consists of meteorology, ambient air
quality, noiselevels, water quality, soil quality and ecology (aquatic and terrestrial). The landuse,
geology, demography, isbased on the secondary data collected from variousGovernment, semi-
Government and public-sector organizations.
3.2 Geology and Hydrogeology
3.2.1 Physiography
Una district nestles between Siwalik ranges and forms part of the lesser Himalayas. It has a
diverse landscape made of hills, valleys with piedmont zone, terraces. The elevations of the land
surface in the district, vary from 340 m in south-eastern part to 1041 m above mean sea level
(amsl) in eastern part of the district. There are three hill ranges i.e. Chamukha Dhar with
maximum elevation of 1041m amsl, which borders with district Hamirpur, Dhionsar Dhar with
maximum elevation of 950mamsland,Ramgarh Dhar with maximum elevation of 997m amsl. In
the southwest along the border with Punjab, Siwalik hill ranges from hilly upland or plateau area
with elevation up to 666 m amsl. The vast area between the northwesterly&southeasterly hill
ranges, on both sides of river Soan is known as Una valley. The undulating to plain fertile Una
valley has an area of about 455 sq km and it extends from Daulatpur in the north – west to
Santokhgarh in the south - east.
3.2.2 Drainage
Soan or Swan River, a tributary of river Satluj, drains the major part (80%) of the Una district.
Soan is an intermittent river and maintains base flow in the lower reaches. SoanRiver has about
80% catchment area in Una district and divides the district into two parts. SoanRiver flows in a
south-eastern direction and has a wide channel and exhibits braided nature. It originates near
Daulatpur in the north-eastern part and leaves the district near Santokhgarh and subsequently
joins river Satluj. Number of local streams (about 73 khads) joins the river within the district.
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 40
During monsoon Soan river gets flooded due to shallow bank heights and large area on both
sides get affected. Govt. of HP has initiated riverbank protection cum flood control measures and
the work is in progress. In Bangana area, another stream (Khad), flowing parallel to Soan river,
is Lunkharkhad, which debouches in Govind Sagar lake. Also, in the extreme north-western part
of the district small area forms the catchments of a tributary of Beas river basin.
3.2.3 Geology& Hydrogeology
The generalized geological succession in the district is given below
ERA Period Formation Description
Quaternary Recent to sub-
Recent
Alluvium;
fluvial, terrace,
piedmont
Sand, silt, clay, gravel,
pebble and
cobble etc.
Undifferentiated Sand, clay, gravel, pebble,
cobble
and boulders
Tertiary PliocenetoMid.
Miocene
Upper Siwalik
Soft sandstone, brownish
clay,
shale, poorly sorted, crudely
bedded
conglomerate & boulder
beds.
Middle Siwalik Gray sandstone, and
brownish clay/
shale
Lower Siwalik Red and purple sandstone
and shale
Hydro-geologically, the unconsolidated valley fill or alluvial formations, occurring in the valley area
and semi-consolidated sediments belonging to Siwalik Group formaquifer system in the district.
Porous alluvial formation forms the most prolific aquifersystem in the valley area, where as the
sedimentary semi-consolidated formation formaquifer of low yield prospect.
The ground water in the Siwalik group of rocks occur under the unconfined to semiconfined
conditions, mainly in the arenaceous rocks viz., sandstone, siltstone, gravelboulder beds etc. The
occurrence and movement of ground water is controlled by inter-granular pore spaces and also
the fracture porosity. Siwalik sediments underlieHilly/undulating areas, where springs (mostly
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 41
gravity/contact type) and bowries are themain ground water structures apart from hand pumps.
The discharges of the springs,varies from seepages to 0.50 lps. Bowries are dug well type
constructions on the hillslopes/ nalas for tapping the seepages. In the low-lying areas underlain
by Siwalikrocks, dug wells and hand pumps are the main ground water structures that range
indepth from 3.00 to 25.00 m bgl, where in depth to water level ranges from 2.50 to 15.00m bgl.
In upland/plateau areas, the water level is generally deep. In Beet area waterlevel is more than 60
m below land surface has been observed.
In Una valley area, the ground water occurs in porous unconsolidated / alluvialformation (valley
fills) comprising sand, silt, gravel, cobbles / pebbles etc., and formsprolific aquifer. Ground
water occurs both underphreatic and confined/artesian conditions. Free flowing wells are also
observed in the lower part of Soan river. Ground water is being extensively developed in the area
bymedium to deep tube wells, dugwells, dug cum borewells and also by hand pumps. Depth of
dugwells and dug cum bored wells in area, ranges from 4.00 to 70.00 m bgl, whereas depth to
water level ranges from near surface to 26.46 m bgl in pre-monsoon. Yield of shallow aquifer is
moderate with well discharges up to 10 lps.
Water level of the Study Area: The depth of water table in the study area range varies from 5-
10 m below ground level during pre-monsoon period and less than 3-9 m during post-monsoon
period.
3.2.4 Ground Water Resources
As on March 2011, the stage of groundwater development in Una and Hum valleys ofthe district
is 108% & 99% and falls under Critical category of development. There isthus no scope for
further ground water development by constructing additional wells and tube wells in the valley
area. However,tubewells can be constructed by tappingdeeper aquifers of depth range of 300m.
There is thus an urgent need to simultaneouslymonitor the behavior of deeper aquifers, in order
to take preventive measures in future. Water logged areas along the Soan river should be
developed for water supply schemesand for irrigated agriculture in the district.
3.3 Study Area
The study area is considered to be area within a radius of 10 km of the IOCL plant boundary at
Una. The EIA guidelines of the MoEF mandate the study area in this manner for EIA‘s.
3.3.1 Land Use/Land Cover of the Study Area
Land Use Land Cover studies are conducted using satellite imagery. The details of satellite
image are as follows:
Satellite Data: Landsat 8 cloud free data has been used for Landuse / landcover analysis.
Satellite Sensor – OLI_TIRS
Path and Row – Path 148, Row 38
Spatial Resolution– 30 m
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 42
Date of Pass: 19th
March 2017
Ancillary Data: GIS and image-processing software are used to classify the image and for
delineating drainage and other features in the study area.
Figure 3.1(A): Satellite Map of the study area
Figure 3.1 A shows the false colour composite satellite map of 10 km radius area from the
proposed augmentation project site. Band combination was done from the satellite data to create
the Falsecolour Composite map of the study area.
Satellite data was classified using supervised classification technique. Maximum likelihood
algorithm classifier was used for the analysis. Six land use/ land cover classes were identified in
ten sq. km area around the Project Site
The study area of 10 km radius from the centre of project site shows six different land use
classes. Agriculture land dominates the land use pattern of the area. It is followed by scrub land
and open land together of the land use. The LULC classes are identified and presented in Table
3.1 and Figure 3.1B.
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 43
Figure 3.1(B): Land use/Landcover of 10 Km Study Area
Table 3.1: Landuse / Landcover Statistics of Area within 10 km Radius
Vegetation (21.67%), Crop Land (19.86), Barren Land (18.54%) and Built-up Land (17.37%)
dominates the land use pattern covering 10km surrounding the project site. Rocky Regions
(10.65%), Open Scrubs (10.03%) and Waterbodies (1.88%) also spread throughout the study
area.
LULC Class Area(Ha) Area (%)
Vegetation 6805.22 21.67 %
Open Scrub 3148.86 10.03 %
Crop Land 6236.78 19.86 %
Builtup Land 5451.80 17.37 %
Barren Land 5821.13 18.54 %
Rocky Region 3342.40 10.65 %
Waterbody 589.06 1.88%
Total 31395.24 100.00
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 44
3.3.2 Drainage Pattern
A drainage system is the pattern formed by the streams, rivers, and lakes in a particular drainage
basin. Drainage basins can be described by the order of streams within them. Streams that have
no tributaries (or streams flowing into it) are termed first order streams. When the first order
streams join together, they become second order steam. Two second order streams join to form
third order stream and so on for forth and further orders. However, a stream may have a tributary
with a lower order without becoming a higher order stream.Strahler method of ordering was used
for giving order to drainage. Drainage mapof a study area shows highest order of drainage as 6th
order i.e. Sutlej River. Drainage pattern within 10 km radius around project site shows both
dendritic and parallel type of drainage pattern.
Figure 3.2: Drainage Map of the study area
3.3.3 Contour Pattern of the Study Area
Contouring is the standard method of representing relief on topographic maps. Contour lines are
lines joining points of equal elevation on the surface of the ground. For a given map the vertical
distance between adjacent contour lines or the contour interval is fixed i.e.25m.Contour map of
10 km radius around project site predominantly shows an undulating terrain. The Northeast
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 45
direction shows a chain of high peaks and the adjacent areas to project location shows a flat
surface.
Figure 3.3: Drainage Map of the study area
3.4 Meteorological Data
The meteorological parameters play a vital role in transport and dispersion of pollutants in the
atmosphere. The collection and analysis of meteorological data, therefore, is an essential
component of environmental impact assessment studies. The long term and short-term impact
assessment could be made through utilization and interpretation of meteorological data collected
over long and short periods.
Since, the meteorological parameters exhibit significant variation in time and space, meaningful
interpretation can only be done through a careful analysis of reliable data collected very close to
the site.
Table 3.2: Meteorological Monitoring At study area
S.N. Parameter Instrument Frequency
1 Wind Speed Automatic Weather
station (Envirotech WM 251)
Continuous Automatic
1 hourly Average 2 Wind Direction
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 46
S.N. Parameter Instrument Frequency
3 Ambient Temperature
4 Max. & Min Temperature Wet & Dry Bulb Thermometer Daily at 08:30 and 17:30 IST
5 Relative Humidity Hygrometer Daily at 08:30 and 17:30 IST
6 Rainfall Rain Gauge Daily
The aforesaid meteorological parameters were being observed in the field during monitoring period.
The analysis of the field observations is given in Table 3.3. The wind rose during the study period is
presented in Figure 3.4.
Table 3.3: Meteorological Data Recorded at study area
Month Temperature, °C
Relative Humidity
%
Wind
Speed, m/s
Predominant
wind direction
Min Max Min Max Mean
January 2017 3 23 11 87 13.2 SE
February 2017 6 29 19 84 11.1 SE
March 2017 9 38 9 83 13.2 ESE
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 47
Figure 3.4: Wind rose for period of January 2017 to March 2017.
3.5 Ambient Air Quality
The ambient air quality monitoring was carried out at ten locations within the 10 km radius
around the site of project to know the existing background ambient air quality. The purpose of
the estimation of background pollutant concentration was to assess the impact of the project on
the ambient air quality within the region based on the activities of the project. The parameters
chosen for assessment of air quality were PM10, PM2.5, Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Oxides of
Nitrogen (NOx), Hydrocarbon (Methane and Non-methane HC) and VOCs.Theair quality
monitoring was conducted as per revised NAAQ standards 2009.
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 48
3.5.1 Methodology Adopted for the Study
PM10, PM2.5, Sulphur dioxide (SO2), Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx), Hydrocarbon (Methane and Non-
methane HC) and VOCs were the major pollutants associated with project. The baseline status of
the ambient air quality has been established through field monitoring data on PM10, PM2.5,
Sulphur dioxide (SO2), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), Hydrocarbon (HC) Methane and Non-methane
HC) and VOCs at 10 locations within the study area. The locations for air quality monitoring
were scientifically selected based on the following considerations using climatological data.
Meteorological conditions on synoptic scale;
The methodology for conducting the baseline environmental survey and selection of
sampling locations considered the guidelines given in the EIA manual of the MoEF;
Topography of the study area;
Representative of the regional background air quality for obtaining baseline status;and
Representative of likely impact areas.
Ambient air quality monitoring was carried out on 24-hour basis with a frequency of twice a
week at a station during the study period for 10 locations.
3.5.2 Sampling and Analytical Techniques
Respirable Dust Samplers APM-451 of Envirotech instruments were used for monitoring
Respirable fraction (<10 microns) and gaseous pollutants like SO2, NOx, NH3, CO, Benzene,
Benzo(a) pyrene. Table 3.4 shows the techniques for sampling and analysis for these parameters.
Table 3.4: Techniques Used for Ambient Air Quality Monitoring
Parameters Technique Technical
Protocol
Détectable
Limit, (µg/m3)
PM10
Respirable Dust Sampler
(Gravimetric method)
HPPCB
Guidelines 10.0
Sulphur Dioxide West and Gaeke IS-5182 (Part-II) 5.0
Nitrogen Oxide Jacob &Hochheiser IS-5182 (Part-VI) 5.0
Ammonia Indophenol Blue ISC Method 401 10.0
Carbone Monoxide Non- Dispersive Infrared
Absorbtion Method IS-5182 (Part 10) 0.01 mg/m
3
VOCs Activated Charcoal Method EPA To 17 1
Ambient air at the monitoring location is sucked through a cyclone. Coarse and non-respirable
dust is separated from the air stream by centrifugal forces acting on the solid particles and these
particles fall through the cyclone's conical hopper and get collected in the sampling cap placed at
the bottom. The fine dust (<10 microns) forming the PM10 passes the cyclone and is retained on
the filter paper. A tapping is provided on the suction side of the blower to provide suction for
sampling air through a set of impingers for containing absorbing solutions for SO2 and NOx.
Samples of gases are drawn at a flow rate of 0.2 liters per minute.
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 49
PM10 has been estimated by gravimetric method. Modified West and Gaeke method (IS-5182
part-II, 1969) has been adopted for estimation of SO2 and Jacobs-Hochheiser method (IS-5182
part-VI, 1975) has been adopted for the estimation of NOx. Calibration charts have been
prepared for all gaseous pollutants.
The location of the monitoring stations with reference to the project site is given in Table 3.5
&Figure 3.5 A.
Table 3.5: Details of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations
Sr.
No
Name of locations
Location
Location
Code
Distance Direction
1 Project Site A1 - -
2 NayaNangal A2 2.68 SE
3 Nangal A3 5.58 ESE
4 Kherabagh A4 5.83 ENE
5 Barsara A5 3.21 N
6 Palakwah A6 7.56 W
7 Una A7 8.89 NNW
8 Saontokgarh A8 4.88 S
9 Sukhsal A9 8.39 SSE
10 Brahmpur A10 9.29 SE
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 50
Figure 3.5 (A): Map Showing Ambient Air Monitoring Locations
The ambient air quality results are as summarized in Table 3.6. The detailed Ambient Air
Quality results are as referenced in Annexure III
Table 3.6: Summary of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results
PM10 (µg/m3)
A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10
Min 75.0 79.0 72.0 72.0 80.0 80.0 72.0 80.0 80.0 80.0
Max 92.0 92.0 91.0 96.0 89.0 89.0 92.0 92.0 92.0 90.0
98 Percentile 92.0 92.0 90.5 95.5 88.1 88.1 90.2 91.5 91.1 90.0
Standard 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 51
PM2.5 (µg/m3)
A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10
Min 30.0 30.0 29.0 30.0 18.0 30.0 32.0 30.0 30.0 32.0
Max 48.0 42.0 40.0 44.0 38.0 43.0 42.0 39.0 43.0 43.0
98 Percentile 46.6 41.1 40.0 43.1 38.0 42.5 41.1 39.0 42.5 42.0
Standard 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60
SO2 (µg/m3)
A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10
Min 3.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 2.0 3.0 2.0 3.0 3.0 3.0
Max 7.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 8.0 6.0 7.0 5.0 6.0 7.0
98 Percentile 7.0 6.0 6.5 7.5 8.0 6.0 6.5 5.0 6.0 6.5
Standard 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80
NOx (µg/m3)
A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10
Min 3.0 5.0 4.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0
Max 10.0 9.0 9.0 10.0 10.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 10.0 9.0
98 Percentile 9.5 8.5 8.5 9.5 9.5 8.0 8.0 8.0 9.5 8.5
Standard 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80
The other parameters such as CO, Benzene, Benzo (a) Pyrene, Ammonia etc. are all below
detection limits.
Observations of Primary Data
The results of the monitored data indicate that the ambient air quality of the region in general is
in conformity with respect to rural/residential norms of the National Ambient Air Quality
Standards of CPCB, with present level of activities.
PM10: The maximum value for PM10 is observed at Kherabagh(A4), as 96µg/m3 with the
minimum value observed at B (A2), as 79.0µg/m3 during the study period.
PM2.5: The maximum value for PM2.5 is observed at Project Site (A1), as 48 µg/m3 with the
minimum value observed at Barsara (A5), as 18 µg/m3 during the study period.
SO2:The maximum value for SO2 is observed at Barsara (A5) and Kherabagh(A4) ,as 8 µg/m3
with the minimum value observed at Naya Nangal (A2), Nangal (A3), Barsara (A5) and Una
(A7), as 2 µg/m3 during the study period.
NOx: The maximum value for NOx is observed at Kherabagh(A4), Barsara (A5) and Sukhsal
(A9)as 10µg/m3 with the minimum value observed at Project site (A1), as 3 µg/m
3 during the
study period.
CO:Carbon Monoxide values in all locations were found to be below detectable limit.
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 52
Benzene :Benzenevalues in all the locations were found to be less thandetectable limit (<1
µg/m3).
Benzo(a) Pyrene (BaP):BaP values observed in all the locations are<0.1 ppb
3.6 Noise
Noise in general is sound, which is composed of many frequency components of various
loudness distributed over the audible frequency range. The most common and universally
accepted scale is the A weighted scale which is measured as dB (A). This is more suitable for
audible range of 20 to 20,000 Hz and has been designed to weigh various components of noise
according to the response of a human ear.The environmental assessment of noise from the
industrial activity, construction activity and vehicular traffic can be undertaken by taking into
consideration various factors like potential damage to hearing, physiological responses, and
annoyance and general community responses.
3.6.1 Objective
The main objective of monitoring of ambient noise levels was to establish the baseline noise
levels in different zones. i. e. Residential, Industrial, Commercial and Silence zones, in the
surrounding areas and to assess the total noise level in the environment of the study area.
3.6.2 Methodology
Identification of Sampling Locations
A preliminary reconnaissance survey was undertaken to identify the major noise sources in the
area. The sampling location in the area was identified considering location of industry,
commercial shopping complex activities, residential areas with various traffic activity and
sensitive areas like hospital, court, temple and schools also near the railway track for railway
noise.
The noise monitoring was conducted at eight locations in the study area during monitoring
period. 10 sampling locations were selected for the sampling of noise.
Equivalent sound pressure level (Leq)
The sound from noise source often fluctuates widely during a given period of time. Leq is the
equivalent continuous sound level, which is equivalent to the same sound energy as the actual
fluctuating sound measured in the same time period.
Instrument used for Monitoring
Noise levels were measured using an Integrating sound level meter manufactured by Cygnet
(Model No. 2031). It had an indicating mode of Lp and Leq. Keeping the mode in Lp for few
minutes and setting the corresponding range and the weighting network in ―A‖ weighing set the
sound level meter was run for one hour time and Leq was measured at all locations.
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 53
There are different types of fields for measuring the ambient noise level, e categorized as free
field, near field and far field.
Free Field
The free field is defined as a region where sound wave propagates without obstruction from
source to the receiver. In such case, the inverse square law can be applied so that the sound
pressure level decreases by 6dB (A) as the distance is doubled.
Near Field
The near field is defined as that region close to the source where the inverse square law does not
apply. Usually this region is located within a few wavelengths from the source.
Far Field
The far field is defined as that region which is at a distance of more than 1-meter from the
source.
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 54
Figure 3.5(B) : Map Showing Ambient Noise Monitoring Locations
Table 3.7: Noise Level Monitoring Stations in the Study Area
Sr.
No
Name of locations
Location
Location
Code
Distance Direction
1 Project Site N1 - -
2 Naya Nangal N2 2.68 SE
3 Nangal N 3 5.58 ESE
4 Kherabagh N 4 5.83 ENE
5 Barsara N 5 3.21 N
6 Palakwah N 6 7.56 W
7 Una N 7 8.89 NNW
8 Saontokgarh N 8 4.88 S
9 Sukhsal N 9 8.39 SSE
10 Brahmpur N 10 9.29 SE
3.6.3 Method of Monitoring and Parameters Measured
Noise monitoring was carried out continuously for 24-hours with one-hour interval. During each
hour parameters like L10, L50, L90 and Leq were directly computed by the instrument based on the
sound pressure levels. Monitoring was carried out at ‗A‘ weighting and in fast response mode.
The important parameters to be measured are Leq, Lday, and Lnight.
Leq: Latest noise monitoring equipments have the facility for measurement of Leq directly.
However, Leqcan also be calculated using the following equation:
Leq (hrly) = L50 + (L10 - L90)2 / 60
Where,
L10 (Ten Percentile Exceeding Level) is the level of sound exceeding 10% of the total time of
measurement.
L50 (Fifty Percentile Exceeding Level) is the level of sound exceeding 50% of the total time of
measurement.
L90 (Ninety Percentile Exceeding Level) is the level of sound exceeding 90% of the total time of
measurement.
Lday: This represents Leq of daytime. Lday is calculated as Logarithmic average using the hourly
Leq‘s for day time hours from 6.00a.m to 10.00p.m
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 55
Lnight: This represents Leqof night time. Lnight is calculated as Logarithmic average using the hourly
Leq‘s for nighttime hours from 10.00p.m to 6.00a.m.
3.6.4 Noise Results
The values of noise level parameters like Leq (day), and Leq (night), were monitored during
study period and are presented in Table 3.8.
Table 3.8: Ambient Noise Monitoring Results
SN. Location No. Results
LeqDay LeqNight
1 Project Site 59 46
2 NayaNangal 61 49
3 Nangal 54 45
4 Kherabagh 60 50
5 Barsara 64 52
6 Palakwah 58 48
7 Una 57 45
8 Saontokgarh 59 50
9 Sukhsal 53 44
10 Brahmpur 58 48
Noise Standards
Ambient air quality standard in respect of noise have been stipulated by Govt. of India vide
Gazette notification dated. 14.2.2000. Table 3.9describes ambient noise standards.
In Respect of Noise*
Table 3.9: Ambient Noise Standards
Area Code Category of Area Limits in dB(A), Leq
** Day time #Night time
A Industrial Area 75 70
B Commercial Area 65 55
C Residential Area 55 45
D Silence Zone @ 50 40
* As per Environment protection act.
** Day Time: 6.00a.m to 10.00p.m.
# Night Time: 10.00p.m to 6.00a.m.
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 56
@ Silence zone is defined as an area upto 100 meters around such premises ashospitals,
educational institutions and courts. The silence zones are to be declared by the competent
authority; Use of horns, loudspeakers and bursting of crackers shall be banned in these zones.
The noise data compiled on noise levels is given in Table 3.8. Noise level of the study area varied
from 53 to 64 dB (A) in day time and from 44 to 52 dB (A) in the night time.
3.7 Water Environment
Selected water quality parameters of ground water and surface water resourceswithin the study
area have been studied for assessing the hydrological environmentto evaluate anticipated impact
of the proposed project. Understanding the waterquality is essential in the preparation of
Environmental Impact Assessment. It alsoassists to identify critical issues in a view to suggest
appropriate mitigationmeasures for implementation to curb the deterioration of various
hydrologicalsources in the vicinity of the project.
The purpose of this study is to:
Assess the water quality characteristics for critical parameters;
Evaluate the impacts on agricultural productivity, habitat conditions, recreational
resources and aesthetics in the vicinity; and
Predict the likely impacts on water quality due to the project and related activities.
3.7.1 Methodology
Two surface water and four ground water samples were examined for physic-chemical,heavy
metals and bacteriological parameters in order to assess the effect of industrial and other
activities on surface and ground water. The samples wereanalyzed as per the procedures
specified in 'Standard Methods for the Examinationof Water and Wastewater' published by
American Public Health Association (APHA).Samples for chemical analysis were collected in
polyethylene carboys. Samplescollected for metal content were acidified with 1 ml HNO3.
Samples forbacteriological analysis were collected in sterilized glass bottles. Selected physic-
chemicaland bacteriological parameters have been analyzed for projecting theexisting water
quality status in the study area. Parameters like Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and pH were analyzed.
3.7.2Water Sampling Locations
Ground water sample was analyzed for various parameters to compare with the standards for
drinking water as per IS: 10500. The water sampling locations are listed below in Table-3.10
Table 3.10: Water Quality Sampling Locations
Station
Code Location
Distance (km) Direction
Ground Water
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 57
GW1 Project Site - -
GW2 NayaNangal 2.85 SE
GW3 Nangal 5.26 ESE
GW4 Kherabagh 5.78 ENE
GW5 Barsara 3.1 N
GW6 Palakwah 7.9 W
Surface Water
SW1 Nangal Dam 4.18 SE
SW2 Sutlej River 5.22 ENE
Figure 3.5 (C) : Map Showing Water Sampling Locations
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 58
3.7.3 Ground and Surface Water Quality Results
Four ground water and 2 surface water samples representing waterenvironment have been considered around the existing plant within
the peripheryof 10 km taking in to account the various uses. The results of ground water and surface water quality are presented in
Table 3.11and Table3.12Thephysico-chemical characteristics of Ground water are confirming to permissible limits of drinking water
standards, prescribed in IS: 10500 (Test Characteristics for Drinking Water) and suitable for consumption.
Table 3.11: Ground Water Characteristics
Sl.
No
Parameters Unit IS 10500:2012 Project Site
(GW1)
Naya
Nangal
(GW2)
Nangal
(GW3)
Kherabagh
(GW4)
Barsara
(GW5)
Palakwah
(GW6) Acceptable
Limit
Permissible
Limit
1. Odour - Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable
2. Colour Hazen 5 15 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5
3. Turbidity in
NTU NTU 1 5 2.3 2.6 2.4
2.1 2.6 2.5
4. pH mg/l 6.5 -8.5 No
relaxation 7.2 7.4 7.2
7.5 7.3 7.6
5. Electrical
Conductivity µS/cm - - 582 193 481
363 272 457
6.
Total
Dissolved
Solids
mg/l 500 2000 320 135 298
298 150 274
7. Alkalinity as
CaCO3 mg/l 200 600 250 70 189
215 75 170
8.
Total
Hardnessas
CaCO3
mg/l 200 600 260 90 185
195 98 200
9. Calcium as Ca mg/l 75 200 28 24 12 20 30 15
10. Magnesium as
Mg mg/l 30 100 48 38 40
30 42 47
11. Sodium as Na mg/l - - 25 23 18 30 25 29
12. Potassium as K mg/l - - 12 15 5 24 10 8
13. Chloride as Cl mg/l 250 1000 28 8 15 10 7 10
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 59
Sl.
No
Parameters Unit IS 10500:2012 Project Site
(GW1)
Naya
Nangal
(GW2)
Nangal
(GW3)
Kherabagh
(GW4)
Barsara
(GW5)
Palakwah
(GW6) Acceptable
Limit
Permissible
Limit
14. Sulphate as
SO4 mg/l 200 400 50 20 45
43 54 40
15. Nitrate as NO3 mg/l 45 No
relaxation 12 4 10
13 7 16
16. Total Nitrogen
as N mg/l - -
BDL
(DL = 0.5)
BDL
(DL = 0.5)
BDL
(DL = 0.5)
BDL
(DL = 0.5)
BDL
(DL = 0.5)
BDL
(DL = 0.5)
17.
Total
Phosphorous as
P
mg/l - - BDL
(DL = 0.5)
BDL
(DL = 0.5)
BDL
(DL = 0.5)
BDL
(DL = 0.5)
BDL
(DL = 0.5)
BDL
(DL = 0.5)
18. Phosphate as
PO4 mg/l - -
BDL
(DL = 0.03)
BDL
(DL = 0.03)
BDL
(DL =
0.03)
BDL
(DL = 0.03)
BDL
(DL = 0.03)
BDL
(DL = 0.03)
19. Fluoride as F mg/l 1 1.5 0.5 0.3 0.3 BDL (DL =
0.05)
BDL (DL =
0.05)
BDL (DL =
0.05)
20. Iron as Fe mg/l 0.3 No
relaxation 0.19 0.12 0.12
0.13 0.2 0.18
21. Chromium as
Cr6+ mg/l 0.05
No
relaxation
BDL
(DL = 0.03)
BDL
(DL = 0.03)
BDL
(DL =
0.03)
BDL
(DL = 0.03)
BDL
(DL = 0.03)
BDL
(DL = 0.03)
22. Copper as Cu mg/l 0.05 No
relaxation
BDL
(DL = 0.03)
BDL
(DL = 0.03)
BDL
(DL =
0.03)
BDL
(DL = 0.03)
BDL
(DL = 0.03)
BDL
(DL = 0.03)
23. Manganese as
Mn mg/l 0.1 0.3
BDL
(DL = 0.01)
BDL
(DL = 0.01)
BDL
(DL =
0.01)
BDL
(DL = 0.01)
BDL
(DL =
0.01)
BDL
(DL = 0.01)
24. Nickel as Ni mg/l 0.02 No
relaxation
BDL
(DL = 0.03)
BDL
(DL = 0.03)
BDL
(DL =
0.03)
BDL
(DL = 0.03)
BDL
(DL =
0.03)
BDL
(DL = 0.03)
25. Aluminium as
Al mg/l 0.03 0.2
BDL
(DL = 0.02)
BDL
(DL = 0.02)
BDL
(DL =
BDL
(DL = 0.02)
BDL
(DL =
BDL
(DL = 0.02)
Page 71
EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 60
Sl.
No
Parameters Unit IS 10500:2012 Project Site
(GW1)
Naya
Nangal
(GW2)
Nangal
(GW3)
Kherabagh
(GW4)
Barsara
(GW5)
Palakwah
(GW6) Acceptable
Limit
Permissible
Limit
0.02) 0.02)
26. Zinc as Zn mg/l 5 15 2.4 2.3 1.6 2.1 2.2 1.9
27. Mercury as Hg mg/l 0.001 No
relaxation
BDL
(DL = 0.0005)
BDL
(DL =
0.0005)
BDL
(DL =
0.0005)
BDL
(DL = 0.0005)
BDL
(DL =
0.0005)
BDL
(DL =
0.0005)
28. Arsenic as As mg/l 0.01 0.05 BDL
(DL = 0.005)
BDL
(DL = 0.005)
BDL
(DL =
0.005)
BDL
(DL = 0.005)
BDL
(DL =
0.005)
BDL
(DL = 0.005)
29. Lead as Pb mg/l 0.01 No
relaxation
BDL
(DL = 0.005)
BDL
(DL = 0.005)
BDL
(DL =
0.005)
BDL
(DL = 0.005)
BDL
(DL =
0.005)
BDL
(DL = 0.005)
30. Cadmium as
Cd mg/l 0.003
No
relaxation
BDL
(DL = 0.005)
BDL
(DL = 0.005)
BDL
(DL =
0.005)
BDL
(DL = 0.005)
BDL
(DL =
0.005)
BDL
(DL = 0.005)
31. Total Coliform MPN/100 ml - - Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent
32. E.coli MPN/100 ml - - Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 61
Table 3.12: Surface Water Characteristics
Sl.
No
Parameters Unit Nangal Dam
(SW1)
Sutlej River
(SW2)
1. Turbidity in NTU NTU 3.9 2.1
2. pH mg/l 7.2 7.1
3. Electrical Conductivity µS/cm 227 210
4. Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 125 120
5. Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/l 22 20
6. Total Hardnessas
CaCO3 mg/l 58 40
7. Calcium as Ca mg/l 14 12
8. Magnesium as Mg mg/l 3.5 3.2
9. Sodium as Na mg/l 11 11
10. Potassium as K mg/l 4 3
11. Chloride as Cl mg/l 5 3
12. Sulphate as SO4 mg/l 55 42
13. Nitrate as NO3 mg/l BDL (DL = 0.5) BDL (DL = 0.5)
14. Total Nitrogen as N mg/l BDL (DL = 0.5) BDL (DL = 0.5)
15. Dissolved oxygen mg/l 5 4.2
16. Bio Chemical Oxygen
Demand
mg/l 2 2.4
17. Chemical Oxygen Demand mg/l 11 20.1
18. Fluoride as F mg/l 0.22 0.25
19. Iron as Fe mg/l BDL (DL = 0.1) BDL (DL = 0.1)
20. Chromium as Cr6+ mg/l BDL (DL = 0.03) BDL (DL = 0.03)
21. Copper as Cu mg/l BDL (DL = 0.03) BDL (DL = 0.03)
22. Manganese as Mn mg/l BDL (DL = 0.01) BDL (DL = 0.01)
23. Nickel as Ni mg/l BDL (DL = 0.03) BDL (DL = 0.03)
24. Aluminium as Al mg/l BDL (DL = 0.02) BDL (DL = 0.02)
25. Zinc as Zn mg/l 2.1 3
26. Mercury as Hg mg/l BDL (DL =
0.0005)
BDL (DL =
0.0005)
27. Lead as Pb mg/l BDL(DL = 0.005) BDL(DL = 0.005)
28. Cadmium as Cd mg/l BDL(DL = 0.005) BDL (DL =
0.005)
29. Total Coliform MPN/100
ml Absent Absent
30. E.coli MPN/100
ml Absent Absent
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 62
3.7.4 Observations
Ground Water Quality
The analysis results indicate that the pH ranges in between 7.2 to 7.6, which is well within
the specified standard of 6.5 to 8.5. The minimum pH of 7.2 was observed at GW1 and
GW3; the maximum pH of 7.6 was observed at GW6.
Total hardness was observed to be ranging from 90 to 260 mg/l. The minimum hardness (90
mg/l) was recorded at GW2 and the maximum (260 mg/l) was recorded at GW1.
Chlorides were found to be in the range of 7 to 28 mg/l, the minimum concentration of
chlorides (8 mg/l) was observed at GW2, whereas the maximum value of 28 mg/l was
observed at GW1.
Sulphates were found to be in the range of 20 to 54 mg/l. The minimum value observed at
GW2 (20 mg/l) whereas the maximum value observed at GW5 (54 mg/l).
The Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) concentrations were found to be ranging in between 150 to
320 mg/l, the minimum TDS observed at GW5 (150 mg/l) and maximum concentration of
TDS observed at GW1 (320 mg/l).
Iron is found in between 0.12 to 0.20 mg/l and Zinc found in between 1.6 to 2.4 mg/l.
Surface Water Quality
The analysis results indicate that the pH values in the range of 7.1 to 7.2, the minimum value
was observed at SW2 and maximum value was observed at SW1
DO was observed to be in the range of 4.2 to 5 mg/l. The TDS was observed in the range of
120 to 125 mg/l, the minimum TDS value was observed at SW2, and where as maximum
value was observed at SW1.
The chlorides and Sulphates were found to be in the range of 3 to 5 mg/l and 42 to 55 mg/l,
respectively.
Total hardness expressed as CaCO3 ranges between 40 to 58 mg/l.
The calcium & magnesium were found to be in the range of 12 to 14 mg/l and 3.2 to 3.5
mg/l, respectively. zinc is found in between 2.1 to 3 mg/l.
3.8 Soil
Soil is generally differentiated into two horizons of minerals and organic constituents of variable
depth, which differ from the parent material below in morphology, physical properties,
constituents, chemical properties, and composition and biological characteristics. The physico-
chemical characteristics of soil have been determined at 4 locations during the monitoring period
with respect to colour, texture, cation exchange capacity, pH, N, P, and K etc. The sampling
locations have been selected to represent the study area.
3.8.1 Selection of sampling Locations
The sampling locations have been identified with the following objectives:
To determine the baseline soil characteristics of the study area;
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 63
To determine the impact of existing plant on soil characteristics; and
To determine the impact on soils more importantly from agricultural productivity point of
view.
Six locations within 10 km radius around the project site were selected for soilsampling. The
details of the sampling locations are given in Table-3.13. The soil samples have been analyzed
for physic-chemicalparameters and heavy metals in accordance with the USEPA and SoilScience
Society of America (SSSA) standard test methods. The analysis results ofall the locations are
presented in Table-3.14(A). The results are compared withstandard classification given in Table-
3.14(B).
Figure 3.5 (D) : Map Showing Soil Sampling Locations
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 64
Table 3.13: Soil Sampling Stations in the Study Area
Code Locations Distance(km) Direction
S1 Project Site -- --
S2 NayaNangal 2.78 SE
S3 Nangal 5.56 ESE
S4 Kherabagh 5.95 ENE
S5 Barsara 3.32 N
S6 Palakwah 7.57 W
3.8.2 Methodology
The soil samples were collected during monitoring period. The samples collected from the all
locations are homogeneous representative of each location. At random 6 sub locations were
identified at each location and soil was dug from 30 cm below the surface. It was uniformly
mixed before homogenizing the soil samples. The samples were filled in polythene bags, labeled
in the field with number and site name and sent to laboratory for analysis.
3.8.3 Soil Results
The detailed soil results of all the monitoring locations are as shown in Table 3.14-A.
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 65
Table 3.14(A): Soil Analysis Results
Santokgarh Brahmpur Una Project
Site
NayaNangal Nangal Kherabagh Barsara Palakwah
1. Colour ----- Grayish Brownish Brownish Grayish Grayish Brownish
2. pH ----- 8.20 7.1 7.21 6.85 6.70 7.20
3. Conductivity
(EC)
micro mhos/cm at
25oC
(Soil Water Ratio-
1:2)
380 420 385 415 410 370
4. Moisture Content % 8.25 1.58 2.32 3.14 3.21 2.30
5. Water Holding
Capacity(WHC)
% 30 55 50 45 43 48
6. Texture ----- Sandy
soil
Sandy clay Sandy
clay
Sandy Soil Sandy
Soil
Sandy
clay
7. Sand % 37.8 28 32 38 36 32
8. Silt % 22.4 35 38 35 37 38
9. Clay % 39.8 37 30 27 27 30
10. Organic Carbon % 0.854 0.615 0.645 0.425 0.421 0.630
11. Ca % 0.021 0.025 0.013 0.014 0.011 0.012
12. Mg % 0.001 0.002 0.004 0.002 0.004 0.005
13. Chloride mg/l 25 18 18 24 22 16
14. Total Kjeldahl
Nitrogen
kg/ha 108 95 85 118 117 90
15. Nickel mg/kg 0.04 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 66
Table 3.14(B): Standard Classification of Soil
S. No. Soil Test Classification
1. pH
<4.5 Extremely acidic
4.51- 5.50 Very strongly acidic
5.51-6.0 moderately acidic
6.01-6.50 slightly acidic
6.51-7.30 Neutral
7.31-7.80 slightly alkaline
7.81-8.50 moderately alkaline
8.51-9.0 strongly alkaline
9.01 very strongly alkaline
2
Salinity Electrical Conductivity
(mmhos/cm)
(1 ppm = 640 mmho/cm)
Upto 1.00 Average
1.01-2.00 harmful to germination
2.01-3.00 harmful to crops (sensitive to salts)
3 Organic Carbon
Upto 0.2: very less
0.21-0.4: less
0.41-0.5 medium,
0.51-0.8: on an average sufficient
0.81-1.00: sufficient
>1.0 more than sufficient
4 Nitrogen (Kg/ha)
Upto 50 very less
51-100 less
101-150 good
151-300 Better
>300 sufficient
Source: Handbook of Agriculture, Indian Council of Agriculture Research, New Delhi
Baseline Soil Status
It has been observed that the pH of the soil in the study area varied from 7.1 to 8.2. The
maximum pH value of 8.2 was observed at S1where as theminimum value of 7.1 was
observed at S2.
The electrical conductivity was observed to range from 370 to 420mmhos/cm, with the
maximum observed at S2 with the minimum observed in S6.
The nitrogen value varies from 85 to 118 kg/ha. The nitrogen content in thestudy area falls in
less to good category.
The organic carbon value varies from 0.421 % to 0.854 %. The organic carboncontent in the
study area falls in minimum to sufficient category.
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 67
3.9 Biological Environment
3.9.1 Introduction
Ecology is the study of surrounding environment wherein various living or biotic groups live
together and form a system of existence where every component, whether small or big is
interdependent and hence is an indispensable part of an Ecosystem. In an ecosystem, plants are
important as primary producers of a food chain followed by small organisms that are food of the
other organisms. An ecosystem gets disturbed even if a single member of it gets extinct. The
various ecosystems constitute of the man and animals, plants, microorganisms, aquatic and
desert animals and so on.
Humans are dependent on their environment, as are all other organisms. Any change in the
environment affects the living things and their behaviour. All organisms are dependent on each
other in many ways. Destruction of one organism in the environment can lead to the destruction
of other organisms. Technological advances have given humans the ability to exert great
influence over the environment of all living things. However, the ability of ecosystems to sustain
humans is becoming increasingly stunted. For this reason, it is necessary to understand ecology
in order to survive. The EIA studies would be very much incomplete if proper attention is not
provided towards project‘s impact foreseeable on flora and fauna of the study area. Accordingly,
conducted the necessary survey of terrestrial flora, fauna and literature review of aquatic
A detailed flora fauna study was carried out in 10 km radius area of the site. The structure and
type of vegetation depends on climatic conditions and physiography of an area. Climate of the
study area is suited for the variety of vegetation. The contents of this subsection are based
primarily on reconnaissance survey&through secondary sources. The baseline study, for the
assessment of the floral and faunal biodiversity of the study area, within 10 km radius of the site
was conducted during Mid-January 2017.
3.9.2 Objectives of Ecological studies:
The present study was undertaken with the following objectives:
To assess the nature and distribution of vegetation in and around the project site
To assess the distribution of animal and plant life spectra; and
To ascertain whether the proposed augmentation project will have any adverse impact on the
ecology of surrounding areas, and suggest mitigation measures, if needed.
An ecological survey of the study area was conducted particularly with reference to the listing of
species and assessment of the existing baseline ecological (Terrestrial and Aquatic ecosystem)
conditions in the study area.
3.9.3 Methodology
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 68
Primary data have been collected within project site as well as up to 10 Km from project site
Identified vegetation patterns at different locations through GIS map and physically surveyed
representative sites
A maximum number of ten quadrates were laid out randomly at each location
The sizes of the quadrates were 10m x 10m for trees, 5m x 5m for shrubs and 1m x 1m for
herbaceous species
Different types of animals, including avifauna, available in this area, have been recorded
Secondary data, pertaining to 10 Km boundary from the project site have been collected from
literature, forest department, and discussions with local people & NGOs
Probable impact, if any, of project activity on biota and mitigation measures have been
delineated
3.9.4 Biodiversity
Project site (Core zone):
Flora
The site consists of trees, viz Acacia catechu, Acacia niloticaetc. and certain shrubs, Lantana
camera, Calatropisprocera, Cassia tora as observed during field survey.
Fauna
In project site some species of butterflies like blue pansy, peacock pansy, grey pansy, lemon
pansy, commonmormon, common leopard, common emigrant etc. were found while birds like
brown-headed barbet, common hoopoe, Indian roller, common kingfisher, green bee-eater, blue-
tailed bee-eater, asiankoel were encountered.
Between project site and 10 km surroundings (Buffer zone):
A) Terrestrial
Flora:
Methodology:
The vegetation studies in the area were carried out by adopting Belt transect method for the
vegetation survey in buffer zones. Each belt measured 1 km x 0.5 km and within these belts, the
quadrate of different size was laid out for listing the vegetation diversity. Vegetation survey was
conducted through Quadrate Method. The sizes of the quadrates were 10m x 10m for trees, 5m x
5m for shrubs and 1m x 1m for herbaceous species.
The study shows overall 13 genera and 17 species (Table 3.15). The diversity of plants was
observed to be very less in all the sites.
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 69
Fig. 3.6: Land use/landcover map of 10km periphery around project site
Table 3.15: Flora recorded in the study area up to 10km periphery
S. No. Plant species Common name Family
1. Acacia auriculiformis Kikar Fabaceae
2. Acacia catechu Khair Fabaceae
3. Acacia nilotica Kikar Fabaceae
4. Albizzia procera White siris Mimosaceae
5. Alstonia scholaris Blackboard tree Apocynaceae
6. Bauhinia variegate Kachnar Fabaceae
7. Bombax malabaricum Semal Bombacaceae
8. Dalberjia sissoo Shisham Fabaceae
9. Dendrocalamusstrictus Bans Poaceae
10. Eucalyptus citriodora Safeda Myrtaceae
11. Ficusreligiosa Peepal Moraceae
12. Ficus bengalensis Banyan tree Moraceae
13. Ficus retusa Fig Moraceae
14. Gravillearobusta Silver oak Proteaceae
15. Morusmacroura Shahtoot Moraceae
16. Populus alba Poplar Salicaceae
17. Terminalia arjuna Arjun Combretaceae
Fauna
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 70
The diversity of fauna basically depends upon density and diversity of flora. The existing fauna
i.e. mammals, amphibians, reptiles, butterflies, dragonflies and damselflies in and around project
site were enumerated. Further, information was collected on interaction with the local people.
a) Vertebrates
Mammals
The domestic animals in the study area mostly comprise of squirrel, Indian grey mongoose,
Indian cat, squirrel etc. The survey revealed that 5 species of mammals were recorded in and
around study area (Table 3.16).
Amphibians & Reptiles
Amphibians are mainly inhabited in fresh water and marshy places, while frogs and toads were
present in the study area. Reptilian fauna, mainly restricted to the patches with dense vegetation,
was comparatively more in this area. Besides avifauna, which has been addressed separately, 3
each species of amphibians and reptiles were recorded. Availability of fauna in the vicinity of the
locations is presented in Table 3.16. None of these animals are endangered (Schedule I) as per
Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972.
Table 3.16: Fauna recorded in the study area up to 10km periphery
Sr.
No. Common Name Scientific Name
Conservation
status as per
Wildlife
(Protection) Act
1972
Mammals
1. Common cat Felissilvestriscatus Not enlisted
2. Common dog Canis lupus familiaris Not enlisted
3. Squirrel Funambuluspalmarum Sch-IV
4. Indian grey mongoose Herpestesedwardsii Sch– II
5. Jungle cat Felischaus Sch-IV
Reptiles
1. Common monitor lizard Varanus bengalensis Not enlisted
2. Indian gecko Cnemaspissisparensis Not enlisted
3. Indian chameleon Chamaeleozeylanicus Sch-IV
Amphibians
1. Common Indian toad Bufomelanostictus Not enlisted
2. Indian bullfrog Rana tigrina Not enlisted
3. Skipper frog Euphlyctiscyanophlyctis Not enlisted
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 71
b) Avifauna
Avifauna is an important part of the ecosystem playing various roles as scavengers, pollinators,
predators of insect pest etc. They are also the bio-indicators of different status of environment
like urbanization, industrialization and human disturbance. They are one of the best indicators of
ecosystem. The areas having good bird diversity signifies healthy forest. They can be sensitive
indicators of pollution problems and function as early warning system.
3.9.5 Observation
Birds were studied by direct observation with the help of ‗‗Olympus 10 x 50 DPS I‘‘ binocular
and were identified by adopting available literature (Grimmettet al. 1998). Total numbers of 25
species of birds were encountered during the survey. Common birds like blue rock pigeon,
Indian black drongo little green bee eater, rose-ringed parakeet, Indian myna were dominant
within the study area (Table 3.17). None of these birds are endangered (Schedule I) as per
Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972.
Butterflies
1. Small tortoise shell Aglaisurticae Not enlisted
2. Common castor Ariadne merionetapestrina Not enlisted
3. Peacock pansy Junoniaalmana Not enlisted
4. Grey pansy Junoniaatlites Not enlisted
5. Lemon pansy Junonialemonias Not enlisted
6. Blue pansy Junoniaorithya Not enlisted
7. Bamboo tree brown Lethe europa Not enlisted
8. Common sailer Neptishylas Not enlisted
9. Lime swallow tail Papiliodemoleus Not enlisted
10. Common mormon Papiliopolytes Not enlisted
11. Mottled emigrant Catopsiliapyranthe Not enlisted
12. Common leopard Phalantaphalantha Not enlisted
13. Common emigrant Catopsiliapomona Not enlisted
14. Yellow orange tip Ixias pyrene Not enlisted
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 72
Table 3.17: Diversity of avifauna within 10km periphery
Sr. No
Common name Scientific name
Conservation
status as per
Wildlife
(Protection)
Act 1972
Status in
IUCN
Category
1. Black-winged stilt Himantopushimantopus Sch – IV Least concern
2. Blue rock pigeon Columba livia Sch – IV Least concern
3. Cattle egret Bubulcus ibis Sch – IV Least concern
4. Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis Sch – IV Least concern
5. Common babbler Turdoidescaudatus Sch – IV Least concern
6. Common redshank Tringa tetanus Sch – IV Least concern
7. Common swallow Hirundsrustica Sch – IV Least concern
8. Common tailorbird Orthotomussutorius Sch – IV Least concern
9. Crow pheasant Centropussinensis Sch – IV Least concern
10. Green sandpiper Tringaochropus Sch – IV Least concern
11. House crow Corvussplendens Sch – V Least concern
12. House swift Apus affinus Sch – IV Least concern
13. Indian black drongo Dicrurusadsimilis Sch – IV Least concern
14. Indian myna Acridotherestristis Sch – IV Least concern
15. Indian pond heron Ardeolagrayii Sch – IV Least concern
16. Indian robin Saxicoloidesfulicata Sch – IV Least concern
17. Oriental magpie robin Copsychussaularis Sch – IV Least concern
18. Pied Bushchat Saxicola caprata Sch – IV Least concern
19. Plain prinia Priniainornata Sch – IV Least concern
20. Red avadavat Amandavaamandava Sch – IV Least concern
21. Red-vented bulbul Pycnonotuscaf Sch – IV Least concern
22. Rose-ringed parakeet Psittaculakrameri Not enlisted Not enlisted
23. Small blue kingfisher Alcedoatthis Sch – IV Least concern
24. Small green bee eater Meropsorientalis Sch – IV Least concern
25. White wagtail Motacilla alba Sch – IV Least concern
B) Aquatic
Preamble
Plankton is an important component of ecosystem, which responds to ecosystem alterations
rather rapidly. It is due to the fact that planktonic organisms, which react to different types of
water pollution, play a key role in turnover of organic matter and energy through the ecosystem.
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 73
This reaction is very rapid because of relatively short lifetime and high reproduction rates of the
organisms.
Water sample within 10km periphery were collected from Swan river. To enumerate
phytoplankton, unfiltered surface waters were colleced from the water bodies. Phytoplankton
samples were immediately fixed after collection in Lugols Iodine solution so as to prevent
adverse effects of light and temperature which might cause rapid decay of organisms. Further
microscopic analysis was undertaken in laboratory. For zooplankton, desired volumes of water
were filtered through plankton net having mesh size of 75µ to represent all the available
groups.Drop count method for the analysis were followed, as prescribed in APHA (1995).
Phytoplankton
Amongst 5 groups, Chlorophyceae dominated over Cyanophyceae and Bacillariophyceae.
Euglenophyceae and Pyrophyceae were rarely present.Genera like, Phormidium ,Oscillatoria,
Gloeotrichia and Chroccoccus from cyanophyceae and Spirogyra, Chlorella,Ankistrodesmus,
Pediastrum, Scenedesmus, Microspora ,Cosmarium , Oedogonium , Sorastrum and Ulothrix
from Chlorophyceaewere dominant.
Zooplankton
Protozoa was dominant followed by Rotifera and Cladocera. Copepoda and Ostracoda were
rarely present. Genera like Daphnia, Moina, Nauplius, Keratella ,Philudinaetc. were dominant.
Fishes
According to local inhabitants varieties namely Catlacatla (catla), Labeorohita (rohu),
Cirrhinusmrigala (mrigal), Labeocalbasu (Calbasu), Cyprinus carpio(Common carp), Labeobata
(Bata) etc. are available in the lake.
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 74
Table 3.18: Impact on Ecological Resources Surrounding in and around Project Site
Environmental Topic and
Impact
Level of
Significance
before Mitigation
Mitigation
Measures
Level of
Significance
after
Mitigation
The project could have an
adverse effect, either directly or
through habitat modifications,
on any species, sensitive or
special status species in local or
regional plans, policies, or
regulations.
Less than
significant
(It is an
augmentation
expansion project;
no tree cutting or
dispersal of any
major animal is
anticipated)
The proponent has
a plan of extensive
green belt
programme. The
area, varieties of
plants, density etc.
have been
mentioned in the
report.
Less than
significant
(Due to
plantation,
biodiversity is
expected to be
enhanced)
Excessive light attracts and
disorients photophilic animals,
those that follow light.
Disrupted navigation in moths
can easily be observed around
bright lamps on summer nights.
Insects gather around these
lamps at high densities instead
of navigating naturally. Some
animals, notably insects, such
as the honey bee, are sensitive
to the polarisation of light.
Significant
Unless essential,
excessive light
during night hours
should be strictly
avoided.
Insignificant
The project could conflict with
any applicable policies
protecting biological resources,
including any tree preservation
policy or ordinance.
Less than
significant
Any such
preservation policy
is not recorded.
No project level
mitigation measure
required.
Insignificant
The proposed project, in
combination with other planned
and foreseeable future projects,
would result in a cumulatively
considerable significant impact
related to biological resources.
Less than
significant
Inquiry revealed
that no such
projects are
expected in the
area.
Insignificant
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 75
No project level
mitigation measure
required.
The project could interfere
substantially on aquatic
ecosystems and fisheries.
Less than
significant
No project level
mitigation measure
required, since
there is no liquid
waste discharge
from the project
activities.
Insignificant
3.10 Socio-Economic Environment
Introduction
Socio-economic assessment is an important part of the Environment Impact Assessment of any
industrial project. It is conducted to develop the sustainability strategy for the area, where the
industrial project would be executed. This section studies the socio-economic profile of the 10
km radius area for the IOCL Bottling plant project and analyses the baseline status as well as
assess the social impacts of the projects in the study area and suggest mitigation measures to the
anticipated adverse impacts of the project. The socio-economic aspects in general, divided into
economy, demography, education, health, employment & infrastructure in the study area.
Project Location
The proposed augmentation project i.e. M/s IOCL LPG Bottling Plant of is located at
villageRaipur Sahoran, Mehatpur, Una, Himachal Pradesh by M/s Indian Oil Corporation Ltd..
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 76
Fig 3.7: Location map
Socio-Economic Details of Study Area
The data is collected and analysed using secondary sources viz. Census records, District
Statistical Abstract, Official Document etc. The study area i.e. the 10 kms radius area from the
project site is spread over the tehsils of Una and Haroli in Una district of Himachal Pradesh and
Nangal tehsil of Rupnagar district of Punjab. The demographic profile, infrastructure facilities
and socio-economic condition is being described under different classifications in the following
section. The detail village- wise demographic status of the area is not included in the report as it
covers two different major states and two different districts. So that the tehsil wise demographic
details given in the report.
Methodology
The data is collected and analysed using secondary sources. The secondary data was collected
and collated from sources such as viz. District Census Handbook 2011, Census of India website,
District Statistical Abstract etc.
Table 3.19: Demography of Una &Rupnagar Districts
Sr.
No.
Demographic Attributes Una District RupnagarDistrct
1. Area 1,549 sq. km. 1,356 sq. km.
2. Population 521,173 684,627
3. Decadal Growth rate 16.24 % 8.9%
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 77
Sr.
No.
Demographic Attributes Una District RupnagarDistrct
4. Male population 263,692 3,57,485
5. Female population 257,481 3,27,142
6. Density of population (persons per km2.) 338 505
7. Sex Ratio (females per 1000 males) 977 915
8. Literacy 87.23 % 82.19%
9. Male literacy 92.75 % 87.50%
10. Female literacy 81.67 % 76.42%
11. Urban Population 8.62 % 25.97%
Source: Primary Census Abstract, Census of India 2011
Demographic Profile of the Study Area
The study area (10 KMradius of the project site) falls in 2 Districts comprising of 3 tehsils in the
state of Himachal Pradesh& Punjab. There are totally 258 villages falling under these three
tehsils. In addition, there are 4 towns that fall under the study area. District, Tehsil viz village &
town breakup is shown in the Table 3.20.
Table 3.20: Village & Town Breakup in the Study Area
Sr.
No.
State District Taluk Total Villages Total
Towns
1. Himachal
Pradesh
Una Una 140 3
Haroli 59 0
2. Punjab Rupnagar Nangal 59 1
a. Total 258 4
Source: Primary Census Abstract, Census of India 2011
Total Population
The total population of the study area as per the Census of 2011 is 395,083. The percentages of
male, female population are51%, and 49% respectively. The sex ratio of the area is 957
(females) per 1000 (Males): The sex ratio for the study area is very low as compared to the sex
ratio of the Una district (977) and the state (972). There are about 54,008households in the study
area. The average family size is about 5 persons per household. Tehsil Population and Sex Ratio
is shown in the Table 3.21
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 78
Table 3.21: Population & Sex Ratio Breakup in the Study Area
Sr.
No. Study Area Total
Population
Total
Families Total
Males
Total
Females
Sex
Ratio
Children
(Age 0-
6years)
1. Una 190,082 39,901 97,066 93,016 958 21,277
2. Haroli 71,416 14,107 36,308 35,108 967
3. Nangal 133,585 27,754 68,598 64,987 947 13,950
Grand Total 395,083 54,008 201,972 193,111 957
Source: Primary Census Abstract, Census of India 2011
Population (Towns)
There are 4 towns that falls under the study area. These are Una Municipal Council, Santokhgarh
Nagar Panchayat&MehatpurBasdehra Nagar Panchayat in Una District and Nangal Municipal
Council in Rupnagar District. The total population of these towns is 85,800. The percentages of
male, female population and sex ratio are 52%, 48% and 1000 (Males): 897 (females)
respectively. There are about 18,877households in the study area. The average family size is
about 5 persons per house. The low sex ratio in the urban towns of the study can be linked to the
presence of male migrant labourers from other parts of state.TownshipPopulation and Sex Ratio
is shown in the Table 3.22
Table 3.22: Population & Sex Ratio Breakup in the Study Area
Sr.
No. Towns
Total
Population
Total
Families
Total
Males
Total
Females
Sex
Ratio
1. Una 18,722 4,226 9,851 8,871 901
2. Santokhgarh 9,363 1,901 4,789 4,574 955
3. MehatpurBasdehra 9,218 2,012 4,942 4,276 865
4. Nangal 48,497 10,738 25,317 23,180 865
Grand Total 85,800 18,877 44,899 40,901 897
Source: Primary Census Abstract, Census of India 2011
Vulnerable Population
The Schedule Caste (SC) population within the study area is 19.39% and the Schedule Tribe
(ST) population is 0.86% from the total population of study area. Out of the tehsils, Nangal does
not have any ST population; however in other tehsils also ST population is negligible or
minimal. Tehsil wise SC and ST population break-up is shown in the Table 3.23
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 79
Table 3.23: SC & ST Population break-up in the Study Area
Sr.
No. Name of
Tehsil Total Population
Total SC
Population
% SC
Population
Total ST
Population
% ST
Population
1. Una 190,082 35,250 18.54 594 0.31
2. Haroli 71,416 13,335 18.67 2,804 3.93
3. Nangal 133,585 28,020 20.98 0 0.00
Grand Total 395,083 76,605 19.39 3,398 0.86
Source: Primary Census Abstract, Census of India 2011
Literacy
The total number of literates within the study area is 299,532 (84.87%). The percentage of male
and female literacy to the total literate population is 90.40% and 79.24%, respectively. The
literacy rate is considerably higher in male population as compared to female population. Tehsil
viz literacy break-up is shown in the Table 3.24
Table 3.24: Literacy break-up in the Study Area
Sr.
No. Tehsils Total
Literates
%
Literates
Total
Male
Literates
% Male
Literates
Total
Female
Literates
%
Female
Literates
1. Una 145,027 85.91 78,114 91.09 66,913 80.57
2. Haroli 52,644 83.55 28,908 89.62 23,736 77.61
3. Nangal 101,861 85.14 55,355 90.49 46,506 79.55
Grand Total 299,532 84.87 162,377 90.40 137,155 79.24
Source: Primary Census Abstract, Census of India 2011
Urban/Rural Population
As per Census of India 2011, there are total 10,738 families under Nangal Tehsil living in urban
areas while 10,738 families are living within rural areas. Thus around 36.3% of total population
of Nangal Tehsil lives in urban areas while 63.7% lives under rural areas.
Table 3.25: Urban/Rural Population break up in the Study Area
Sr.
No. Name of the
tehsil Total
Population
Rural
population
% Rural
Population
Urban
Population
% Urban
Population
1. Una 190,082 152,779 80.4 37,303 19.6
2. Haroli 71,416 71,416 100 0 0.00
3. Nangal 133,585 85,088 63.7 48,497 36.3
Grand Total 395,083 309,283 81.36 85,800 18.64
Source: Primary Census Abstract, Census of India 2011
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 80
Economic Activity
As per the Census 2011, the workforce in the study area is more than one lakh and 40 thousand
which constitutes 38.06% of the total population of the study area. The workers comprise more
than one lakh main workers and thirty-seven thousand marginal workers.
Main workers constitute 74.36% of the total workers. The remaining 25.64% are marginal
workers. Among the main workers, male workers are more as compared to the female workers.
Majority of female workers working are also from rural areas, as they are employed in farm
sector. This is also more than that of male workers, which may be due to their being employed
predominantly in activities like cultivation and agricultural labour. In the urban areas, majority of
female workers are engaged in household‘s industry and other work.
Table 3.26: Status of working population in the study area
Sr.
No.
Name of the Tehsil Total
workers
Main
workers
Marginal
workers
Non
workers
Work
participation rate
1. Una 72,351 52,766 19,585 117,731 38.06
2. Haroli 27,160 17,339 9,821 44,256 38.03
3. Nangal 44,860 37,250 7,610 88,725 33.58
Grand Total 144,371 107,355 37,016 250,712 36.54
Source: Primary Census Abstract, Census of India 2011
Occupational structure
The occupational structure of the population in the study area has been studied. The Main
workers are classified on the basis of Industrial category of workers into the following four
categories:
1. Cultivators
2. Agricultural Labourers
3. Household Industry Workers
4. Other Workers
Of the total main workers in the study area, about 70% is engaged in the other workers category.
The type of workers that comes under this category of 'Other Worker' include all government
servants, municipal employees, teachers, factory workers, plantation workers, those engaged in
trade, commerce, business, transport banking, mining, construction, political or social work,
priests, entertainment artists, etc. In effect, all those workers other than cultivators or agricultural
labourers or household industry workers are 'Other Workers'.
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 81
Table 3.27: Distribution of Main workers by category
Sr.
No
Name of the Tehsil Main
Workers
Main Workers
Cultivators Agricultural
Labourers
Household
Industry
Others
1. Una 52,766 11,204 2,868 910 37,784
2. Haroli 17,339 6,074 1,184 218 9,863
3. Nangal 37,250 5,818 2,388 1,053 27,991
4. Grand Total 107,355 23,096 6,440 2,181 75,638
Source: Primary Census Abstract, Census of India 2011
After other workers category, cultivators (22%) and agricultural labour (6%) together constitute
28% of the total main workers. It reflects that agricultural sector has only absorbed 28% of the
main workers. Only 2% of workers in the study area are engaged in the household industry. In
the other workers category, more than 60% of the total main workers in other category are rural
in workers whereas only 40% are urban workers. Thus it reflects that the opportunities for other
category workers are also available in rural areas of study area as compared to the urban areas.
Figure 3.8: Percentage Distribution of Main Workers in the Study Area
Infrastructure
The study area consists of 258 villages, 4 towns within the radius area. The area is more rural in
nature with 81% as rural population and 19% urban population. This section analyses the
infrastructurefacilitieslikewatersupply, roads,markets, banks,postoffices, schools
andelectrification in the study area. Una town, the district headquarter is the biggest urban pocket
in the study area with excellent physical and social infrastructure and basic amenities.
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 82
Educational facility at the minimum level of primary education is available in all the villages
and, towns of the study area. There are many villages having more than one primary school and
some large villages have three primary schools. For college education the students go to the city.
There are some 16-20 adult literacy centres in the rural area of the study area.
Medical facilitiesMajority of the villages having the facility of medical sub centres in both the
area. The Una town and Nangal also have sufficient hospitals in city or town area.
Post and Telegraph facility is available in all the villages and towns of study area. Although
phone connections are available in most of the villages but people tend to use mobile phones for
communication.
Drinking water is not a problem here as all the villages and towns have the facility of tap water
and well water. Some villages also have hand pump and tube well as drinking water source.
Road and Rail connectivity is better in the study area as all the villages and towns have paved
roads and connected by bus services. Some villages are connected to Railway Line also. The
proportion of electrified villages for the study area is impressive. All villages and town are
enjoying power supply facility for all the purposes.
3.11 Traffic Survey
The traffic survey, to ascertain the traffic density in the study area was conducted on the
junction of NH 503 and the connecting road to IOCL plant. The composition of Traffic
includes two wheelers, three wheelers, four-wheeler (Passenger Cars) and four-wheeler like
heavy vehicles like Trucks, Lorries, Bus, etc. The recommended PCU Factors for various
types of vehicles on Urban Roads has been adopted from IRC 106-1990 guidelines as
shown in Table 3.28.
Table 3.28: Recommended PCU Factors on Urban Roads
Types of Vehicles Passenger Car Equivalency (PCE)
Motor Cycle or Scooter (2-Wheeled) 0.75
Passenger Car, Pick-up van 1
Auto-rickshaw (3-Wheeled) 2.0
Light Commercial Vehicle 2.0
Truck or Bus 3.7
Bicycle 0.5
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 83
Thus, volume of vehicles was estimated as: PCU unit = No of vehicles* x PCE of those
particular
Figure 3.9: Location of the Node for Traffic Survey
Traffic study was carried out at 1 node at the junction of NH 503 and the connecting road to
IOCL plant as shown in Figure 3.9.
Node-1
Data was collected by physically counting the number of vehicles plying in both directionsat
Node 1. The hourly counts were carried out for the different type/category of vehicles. The
variation in the traffic flow at the given road along with the number of vehicles during peak
hour & lean hour is presented in the Table 3.29 and Figure 3.10.
Table 3.29: Traffic Survey, Node I
SN Vehicle Type
During
LeanHrs. (No.
Ofvehicles/hr)
During Lean
Hrs.Vehicles
inPCU’s
During
PeakHrs. (No.
Ofvehicles/hr)
During
PeakHrs.
Vehiclesin
PCU’s
1 Two Wheelers 35 26 89 37
2 Three Wheelers 5 10 5 10
3 Cars 322 322 340 340
4 Buses 175 648 209 773
5 Trucks/Lorries 4 15 9 33
Total 541 1021 652 1193
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 84
Lean Hrs: Before 8.00 hrs (morning), 13.00 to 17.00 hrs afternoon & after 21.00 hrs (evening)
Peak Hrs: Between 8.00 to 13.00 hrs& 17.00 to 21.00 hrs in the evening
Figure 3.10: No’s of vehicles during peak hour & lean hour
3.11.1 Existing Traffic Scenario & Level of Service
Capacity of road as per IRC = 2400 PCU‘s/hr
Total Volume in PCUs during Peak Hours = 1193
Existing Volume/Capacity ratio = 1193/2400= 0.50
The level of service is “C” that is GOOD.
Table 3.30: Level of Service
Sl. No. Existing Volume/Capacity Level of Services
1 0.0 to 0.2 ―A‖ (Excellent)
2 0.2 to 0.4 ―B‖ (Very Good)
3 0.4 to 0.6 ―C‖ (Good)
4 0.6 to 0.8 ―D‖ (Fair)
5 0.8 to 1.0 ―E‖ (Poor)
During the proposed project an addition of ~ 150 trips per day (i.e. 75 trucks and tank trucks per
day to and fro) of trucks is envisaged. To understand that impact due this addition the following
modified scenarios on the access roads is discussed. The Node I is shown in the figure.
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 85
3.11.2 Modified Traffic Scenario & Level of Service
75 additional trucks i.e. 150 trips assume to enter and exit during peak hrs for the proposed
project (worst case scenario).
Node I: ~75 trucks of 150 additional volume in PCU will be 3.7x150/9 = 62 per hour duringpeak
hours.
Traffic Flow at Node I
Total volume during peak hours in PCUs after completion of the project (V) = 1193+62 =
1255.
Capacity of Road as per IRC (C) = 2400 PCU‘s/hr
Modified Existing Volume/Capacity ratio will be (V/C) = 1255/2400 = 0.52. The level of service
of the road will be “C” after the proposed project that is “GOOD”.
The above results indicated that the post project scenarios will contribute to addition in existing
traffic, the level of service will continue to be GOOD. Traffic will continue to run smoothly
without congestion and no widening of road is anticipated
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 86
CHAPTER 4. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND
MITIGATION MEASURES
4.1 Introduction
Identification of impacts and mitigation measures of the same in Environmental Impact
Assessment study helps in quantification and evaluation of impacts. During baseline study
several impacts can be identified but it is necessary to identify the critical impacts both positive
and negative on various components of the environment that are likely due to installation of LPG
mounded bullets within the existing LPG BP Una. The environmental impacts can be categorized
as either primary or secondary. Primary impacts are the ones that are caused directly due to the
project activity on environmental attributes, whereas secondary impacts are indirectly induced.
The construction and operational phase of the project activity comprises various activities, each
of which may have either positive or negative impact on some or other environmental attributes.
The proposed augmentation project activities would impart impact on the environment in two
distinct phases:
During construction phase - Temporary or short-term impact
During operation phase - May have long term impact
4.2 Impact Assessment
4.2.1 During Construction Phase:
This includes the following activities related to levelling of site, construction anderection of
mounded storage bullets.
Land/Soil Environment
The installation activities include excavation of soil from the proposed site. The excavated loose
soil will be utilized for leveling of low lying areas inside the plant. Thus, the impact on land
during construction phase is insignificant
The proposed storage bullet will be installed with earth/sand and hence there will not be any
adverse impact on the land environment. The construction activities would attract a sizeable
number of construction workers deployed for establishment of bullets. Due to this, marginal
influx of population is likely to take place and would result in establishment of temporary camps
consisting of hutments. However, these would be confined to limited period of construction
phase only. Hence, impact is temporary in nature and reversible. Efforts would be made to
engage construction workers from local adjoining areas to mitigate this impact.
Air Environment
Construction activities have the potential to generate a considerable amount of air pollution.
Construction activities that contribute to air pollution include: land clearing, operation of diesel
engines, burning, and working with metals/ materials. Diesel is also responsible for emission of
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 87
carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides and carbon dioxide. Noxious vapors from oils,
glues, thinners paints, treated woods, plastics, cleaners and other hazardous chemicals that are
widely used on construction sites, also contribute to air pollution. The dust generation during
construction will be suppressed through intensive water spraying. The proper maintenance of
equipment and transport vehicles will reduce generation of gases. During construction phase
fugitive dust emission sources will be as under:
Construction Operation: Fugitive dust emission is the main pollution, generated from the
construction activities. Construction site generate high levels of dust. Construction dust is
classified as PM10, invisible to the naked eye. However, the impact on the air quality during
construction phase will be localized, temporary and reversible in nature Particulate dust
emissions from the construction are a function of total land disturbed and the volume of soil
excavated.
The emissions factors vary from approximately 0.019 tons PM10/acre-month for initial
emissions estimate. The construction will take 18 months for completion. Thus, emission will be
1.06 kg PM10 per day.
Particulate Emission from Transportation: When a vehicle travel on the road, particulate
emissions occur due to direct emissions from vehicles in the form of exhaust. The level of the
emission depends upon the condition of the road (paved/unpaved) and condition of vehicles. PM
dust emissions from road construction activities are a function of acres disturbed during
construction. As most of the vehicle used in plant are trucks and heavy vehicle which are diesel
vehicles. Diesel engines breathe only air, blow by gases from the crankcase (consisting primarily
of air and HC) are rather low. Due to its low volatility, evaporative emissions from the fuel tank
can also be ignored. The low concentration of CO and un-burnt Hydro Carbons in the diesel
exhaust are compensated by high concentration of NOx.
Noise Environment
Minor construction traffic for loading and unloading, fabrication and handling ofequipment and
materials are likely to cause an increase in the ambient noise levels. The areas affected are those
close to the site which in this case is within the existingproject area.
At the peak of the construction, marginal increase in noise levels is expected tooccur. The
activities which produce periodic noise will be foundation for constructionof storage vessel for a
short period.
Overall, the impact of generated noise on the environment will be insignificant, reversible and
local in nature and mainly confined to the day hours.
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 88
Water Environment
The drinking water and sanitation facilities within the premises will be extended tomeet the work
force requirement. During the implementation of the project, theadditional demand during the
construction/erection phase for sanitary and drinking purposes will be met from the existing well
within the premises.
Impact on water quality during construction phase may be due to non-pointdischarges of solids
from soil loss. However, the construction will be more related tomechanical fabrication,
assembly and erection; hence the water requirements will be nil. The existing sanitation facilities
(STP) will meet the requirement for disposal of sanitary sewage generated by the work force.
Workers from nearbylocalities will be employed and so no temporary housing for construction
workers isrequired.
The overall impact on water environment during construction phase due to proposed
augmentation project will be short term, insignificant and reversible.
Socio-Economic Environment
The proposed augmentation project does not involve any displacement of inhabitants for
the construction of LPG Bottling Plant.
Construction phase could lead to creation of employment and procurement opportunities.
A multiplier effect will be felt on the creation of indirect employment through the local
community establishing small shops like tea stalls, supply of intermediate raw materials,
repair outlets, hardware stores garages etc.
Self- employment options for individuals possessing vocational or technical training
skills like electricians, welders, fitters etc, which are likely to be sourced locally;
There would be influx of workers during construction phase which could lead to pressure
on key local infrastructure such as water, healthcare, electricity.
The construction activity could lead to increased nuisance level from air emissions and
noise due to transportation of material and equipment as well as labourers.
The construction activity could also lead to water stagnation at pockets which may lead to
breeding of mosquito and related health impacts.
Biological Environment
The proposed augmentation project will be carried out within the existing industrial premises,
which is a vacant land and also does not have any fauna of importance. Therefore, the impact of
construction activities on terrestrial ecology will be insignificant.
4.2.2 During Operation Phase
Land/Soil Environment and topography
The impacts due to the project on soils are restricted to the construction phase which will get
stabilized during operational phase. Minimal dust generation during leveling operation is the
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 89
only impact on soil during construction phase. Hence, the impact on soil characteristics will be
insignificant during this phase.
The major envisaged topographical changes would be limited in immediate vicinity of the
existing premises. The impact is going to be minimum and negligible. The change in topography
will be only due to new storage vessels. It will invite positive benefits in the form of land
leveling and tree plantations in the vicinity as required.
Solid Waste
No solid waste will be generated as the proposed augmentation involves receipt, storage and
distribution of LPG only. Used oil from DG sets is and will be disposed by authorised recyclers
approved by HSPCB.
Table 4.1: Hazardous waste
Sr.
No.
Schedule I
Category No. Type Qty Method of Disposal
1 Sch. 5.1 – Used Oil 5 LPM To be disposed off as per
HPPCB norms
Air Environment
Industry operation involves receipt, storage and distribution of LPG only. No Manufacturing is
involved and hence, no significant emissions will be there from the proposed augmentation/
expansion project except from DG sets, which are used during emergency conditions. Emissions
from the DG sets are directed through stack as per CPCBand monitored yearly by HPSPCB.
There are no additional DG sets required for the proposed expansion facility. Existing three DG
sets are enough for the proposed expansion and their emissions has been already covered in the
baseline study.
Noise Environment
The industrial complex consists of several sources of noise in clusters or single. This
clusters/single source may be housed in buildings of different dimensions made of different
materials or installed in open or under sheds.
Once the proposed expansion project becomes operational, there will be noise generation from
the following sources:
Pump house
Diesel generators
Truck loading areas.
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 90
Water Environment
No additional water is required as part of the proposed augmentation. The total water
requirement will be about 15KL/day for domestic use & washing of cylinder and greenbelt. The
water requirement is being met from the existing bore well inside premises.
The domestic wastewater is being treated in the Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) and the same is
being used for plantation development. The treated wastewater characteristics are given in
Table–4.21.
Table 4.2: Treated Wastewater Characteristics
Sr. No Parameters Value (mg/l)
1 pH at 30oC 8.1
2 Total Dissolved Solids 2128
3 Total Suspended Solids 60
4 COD <250
5 BOD (27 0C 3 days) <30
6 Oil & Grease <10
Socio-Economic Environment
Project and associated construction of additional new Mounded bullet will eventually
lead to permanent job opportunities in the organized and unorganized sector. There is
likely to be increased demand for security, kitchen help, need for drivers etc.
Development of physical infrastructure due to construction of the plant which could
benefit the local population
Biological Environment
In the present project involves receipt, storage and distribution of LPG and no manufacturing
involved and hence emissions causing are very less. DG sets are used only during emergency
conditions. The maximum incremental concentrations of NOx and SO2 due to operation of the
project will be insignificant and the resultant levels will be likely to be within the AAQ
standards. Therefore, the impact of these emissions on the surrounding agro-eco-system will be
insignificant. In view of zero discharge condition, no impact on aquatic ecology is anticipated
due to the proposed expansion project.
Plantation comprising of pollutant resistant species which exists in and around the Plant facility
will serve as not only pollution sink but also as noise barrier. Itis expected that with adoption of
these mitigatory measures, the impact due to expansion project will be minimal on the terrestrial
ecosystem. The existing plantation area of 33% comprises of plant species which are given
inTable-4.3 and the existing Plantation layout is shown in Figure-4.1.
Table-4.3: List of Plant Species in the Existing Plantation
Sr. No. Local Name Botanical Name No of plant species
1 Arjun Terminalia arjuna 26
2 Kikar Acacia nilotica 50
3 Siri Albizzia procera 35
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 91
4 Ber Ziziphus sp. 8
5 Mango Mangiferaindica 25
6 Bana/ American dek Melia azedarach 450
7 Tuni Toonaciliata 26
8 Toot Morus macroura 11
9 Jamun Syzygiumcumini 10
10 Guava Psidium guajava 14
11 Peepal Ficusreligiosa 4
12 Manila Tamrind Pithecellobium dulce 18
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Figure-4.1: Existing Plantation Layout
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4.3 Impact Mitigation Measures
4.3.1 During Construction Phase
Land/Soil Environment
Top soil will be stored carefully and will be used again after construction/installation
phase is over so as to restore the fertility of project site
Bituminous materials / other chemicals, if any, shall not be allowed to leach into the soil
Methods to reuse earth material generated during excavation will be followed
Used oil generated from D. G. sets will be handed over to authorized recyclers approved
by HPPCB
Usage of appropriate monitoring and control facilities for construction equipment‘s
deployed
All hazardous waste shall be securely stored, under a shed for eventual transportation and
disposal to the authorized dealers
The solid waste generation due to workers working at site will be segregated and will be
transported and disposed of to waste disposal facility
Chemicals/Paints etc. used during construction phase will be stored safely
Air Environment
Checking of vehicles and construction machinery to ensure compliance to Indian Emission
Standards1
Transportation vehicles, DG sets and machineries to be properly and timely maintained and
serviced regularly to control the emission of air pollutants in order to maintain the emissions
of NOX and SOX within the limits established by HPPCB
Minimize idling time for vehicles and adequate parking provision and proper traffic
arrangement for smooth traffic flow
Use of good quality fuel and lubricants will be promoted. Moreover, low sulphur content
diesel shall be used as fuel for DG sets to control emission of SO2
Water sprinkling shall be carried out to suppress fugitive dust during earthworks and along
unpaved sections of access roads
Attenuation of pollution/ protection of receptor through strengthening of existing greenbelt/
green cover
PUC certified vehicles will be used to avoid the exhaust emission.
However, the construction activities will be for temporary period and hence, its impact on the
existing ambient air quality as well as vegetation will be reversible. Dust emissions are likely to
be confined within the limited area.
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Noise Environment
No noise polluting work in night shifts
Acoustic enclosures for DG Sets will be provided as per CPCB guidelines
Pumps – Enclosure in acoustic screen, allowing for engine cooling and exhaust, use of anti-
vibration mounting, flexible couplings of hoses, maintaining adequate inlet pressure
Provision of Intake mufflers, unidirectional fan for Cooling and enclosures for electrical
motors
Provision of ear plugs for labour in high noise area
Provision of barricades along the periphery of the site
All contractors and subcontractors involved in the construction phase shall comply with the
CPCB noise standards2
Activities that take place near sensitive receptors to be carefully planned (restricted to
daytime, taking into account weather conditions etc.)
Vehicles and generator sets to be serviced regularly and maintained properly to avoid any
unwanted generation of noise or vibration from them
Use of suitable muffler systems/ enclosures/ sound proof glass paneling on heavy
equipment/ pumps/ blowers
Pumps and blowers may be mounted on rubber pads or any other noise absorbing materials
In case of steady noise levels above 85 dB (A), initiation of hearing conservation measures
Strengthening of greenbelt for noise attenuation may be taken up, etc.
Water Environment
Water Avoidance of wastage of curing water
Use of tanker water for construction activity.
Provision of toilets for labour
Wastewater generated will be recycled/reused during operation of the LPG Plant
Socio-Economic Environment
Employing local people for construction work to the maximum extent possible.
Providing proper facilities for domestic supply, sanitation, domestic fuel, education,
transportation etc. for the construction workers.
Barricades, fences and necessary personnel protective equipment such as safety helmet,
shoes, goggles, gloves, harness etc. will be provided to the workers and employees.
Constructional and occupational safety measures to be adopted during construction phase of
the industry.
2http://CPCB.nic.in/divisionsofheadoffice/pci2/Noise-vehicle.pdf
http://cpcb.nic.in/divisionsofheadoffice/pci2/noise_rules_2000.pdf
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The health of workers will be checked for general illness; first time upon employment and
thereafter at periodic intervals, as per the local laws and regulations.
The workers will be diagnosed for respiratory functions at periodic intervals and during
specific complaints etc. Medical Aid as per Factory Act and Panel doctor facility will be
provided to the workers.
Job rotation schemes will be practiced for over-exposed persons. Insignificant impact is
expected on the workers health and safety during the operation phase stage.
4.3.2 During Operation Phase
Land/Soil Environment
Installation of drainage ditches at project site to prevent erosion
Used oil shall be securely stored, under a shed for eventual transportation and disposal to the
authorized dealer by HPPCB
The solid domestic waste shall be segregated and stored within the premises temporarily and
then sent to waste management facility
Air Environment
Monitoring of DG stack emissions for PM, NOx and SO2will be carried out regularly to
meet the statutory requirements; and
All the internal roads shall be asphalted to reduce the fugitive dust due to truck
movement
Transportation vehicles, generators and machineries to be properly and timely maintained
and serviced regularly to control the emission of air pollutants in order to maintain the
emissions of NOX and SOX within the limits established by CPCB
Stack height of DG sets shall be as per norms of CPCB to allow effective dispersion of
pollutants
Storage facilities shall be equipped with leak detection systems
Minimize idling time for vehicles and adequate parking provision and proper traffic
arrangement for smooth traffic flow
Attenuation of pollution/ protection of receptor through strengthening of existing
greenbelt/ green cover
PUC certified vehicles will be used to avoid the exhaust emission.
Noise Environment
Provision of proper parking arrangement, traffic management plan for smooth flow of
vehicles help to abate noise pollution due to vehicular traffic.
Green belts and landscaping shall act as noise buffer.
Ear plugs should be provided to the workers and it should be enforced to be used by the
workers;
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Increase the distance between source and receiver and by altering the relative orientation of
the source and receiver. Noise level at the receiver end reduces in inverse proportion to the
square of the distance between the receiver and the source; and
Provision of separate cabins for workers/operators
Water Environment
The installation is being operated on ‗Zero Discharge Concept‘. The domestic sewage
generated will be treated in STP and the same will be utilized for plantation/greenbelt
development.
Waste water generated from cylinder washing shall be recycled /reusedafter treatment.
Rain water harvesting shall be promoted. Rainwater from the landscape area and
hardscape area will be used to recharge the ground water sources through recharge pit
Provision of Storm water drainage system with adequate capacity, Proper maintenance of
storm water drainage.
Socio-Economic Environment
Both skilled and unskilled local person shall be given preference for the jobs in the operation
and maintenance of the plant.
4.4 Impact Matrix
The matrix was designed for the assessment of impacts associated with almost any type of
project. Its method of a checklist that incorporates qualitative information on cause-and-effect
relationships but it is also useful for communicating results. Matrix method incorporates a list of
impacting activities and their likely environmental impacts, presented in a matrix format.
Combining these lists as horizontal and vertical axes in the matrix allows the identification of
cause effect relationships, if any, between specific activities and impacts. The impact matrix for
the actions identified in Table 4.4 along with various environmental parameters. A rating scale
has been devised to give severity of impacts in the following manner.
A. Beneficial (positive) impact – Long term
B. Low beneficial impact – Short term
C. Strong adverse (negative) impact – Long term
D. Low adverse impact (localized in nature) – Short term
E. No impacts on environment
Table 4.4: Impact Matrix
S.N. Activity
Positive Impact Negative Impact No
Impact Short
Term
Long
Term
Short
Term
Long
Term
Pre-Project Activity
1 Displacement and resettlement of
local people √
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2 Change in land use √
3 Loss of trees/vegetation √
4 Shifting of equipment, machinery
and material √
5 Employment for local people √
Construction Phase
1 Pressure on infrastructure and
transportation system √
2 Impact on air quality including
dust generation √
3 Noise Pollution √
4 Traffic √
5 Impact on the land/soil
environment √
6 Impact on groundwater √
7 Stacking and disposal of
construction material √
8 Impact on water quality √
9 Health and safety conditions of
people √
10 Social impact √
11 Economic impact √
Operation Phase
1 Increase in air pollution and noise
levels √
2 Water harvesting and recharge √
3 Disposal of solid waste √
4 Infrastructure development √
5 Quality of life √
6 Handling operations for transfer,
charging of raw materials, final
product
√
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4.5 Summary of Environment Impacts and Mitigation Measures
The summary of the Impacts and Mitigation measures for the above-mentioned environmental attributes is as summarized in Table
4.5.
Table 4.5: Summary of Impacts and Mitigation Measures
Impacting Activity Potential Impact Mitigation Measures
Environment/ Social Attribute
Compliance/
Standards/ Best
Practice Guidelines
Environment/
Social Attribute
Potential
Negative Impacts Environment Health and Safety
Construction Phase
Air Emissions Increase in dust
and NOx
concentration
Rise inPM level at
project site
Potential risk of
respiratory irritation,
discomfort, or
illness to workers
Provision of spraying water to reduce
dust emission
Excavated topsoil to be preserved and
reused for landscaping
Ensuring all vehicles, generators and
compressors are shall be maintained and
regularly serviced
CPCB - National
Ambient Air Quality
Standards
Noise Generation Increase in noise
level
Rise in decibel
level of ambient
noise
Unwanted sound can
cause problems
within the body.
Excessive noise
pollution in working
areas at construction
sites can influence
psychological health
viz. occurrence of
aggressive
behaviour,
disturbance of sleep,
constant stress,
fatigue and
hypertension.
Hampered sleeping
pattern and may lead
to irritation and
The vehicles used will be with the proper
acoustic measures
Wherever this cannot be achieved the area
will be earmarked as high noise level area
requiring use of ear protection gadgets
Equipment will be keptin good condition
tokeep the noise levelwithin 90 dB(A).
Workers will be provided necessary
protective equipment e.g. ear plug,
earmuffs
CPCB - Noise
Pollution
(Regulation and
Control) Rules
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Impacting Activity Potential Impact Mitigation Measures
Environment/ Social Attribute
Compliance/
Standards/ Best
Practice Guidelines
Environment/
Social Attribute
Potential
Negative Impacts Environment Health and Safety
uncomfortable
situations.
Soil and
Groundwater
Contamination
Spillage of
construction
material containing
heavy metals,
paints, coatings,
liners, etc.
Special care will be taken during
deliveries of construction materials,
especially when fuels and hazardous
materials are being handled
Ensure that workers know what to do in
the event of a spillage
Operation Phase
Air Emissions Increase in PM, SO2
and NOx levels
inambient air due
toDG sets
duringemergency
conditions
Negligible
Impact
Negligible Impact
The DG sets are provided with Stack
Height per CPCB guidelines above roof
level for the proper dispersion of
pollutants
Plantation will be developed wherever
feasible
Wastewater Domestic waste water
will be generated
Negligible
Impact
Negligible Impact STP has been provided for domestic
sewage.
Effluent due to cylinder washing will be
treated in ETP and reused for plantation
Hazardous
Materials, Fire and
Explosion
Risk of fire and
explosions due to
the flammable
and combustible
nature of
petroleum
products.
Risk of leaks and
accidental
releases from
equipment,
tanks, pipes etc
Potential risk of loss
of life or injury due
to fire
Storage equipment will meet standards
(OISD) for structural design and integrity.
.
OISD-STD 144 -
Fire Protection
Facilities for LPG
Bottling Plant.
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Impacting Activity Potential Impact Mitigation Measures
Environment/ Social Attribute
Compliance/
Standards/ Best
Practice Guidelines
Environment/
Social Attribute
Potential
Negative Impacts Environment Health and Safety
during loading
and unloading
(handling)
Hazardous Waste No Hazardous Waste
except used
lubricating Oil
Same to be Stored
in barrels
Being stored in
designated place on
Concrete platform
To be disposed to
HPPCB accredited
vendors
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The above table can be summarized as shown in below matrix as Table 4.6.
Table 4.6: Overall Matrix
4.6 Conclusion
From the above discussion it can be concluded that proposed augmentation project activity at
Una, Himachal Pradesh shall not create any significant negative impact on physical features,
water, noise and air environment. The proposed augmentation project shall generate additional
indirect employment and indirect service sector enhancement in the region and would help in the
socio-economic up-liftmen of the local area as well as the state.
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CHAPTER 5: ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE SITES AND
TECHNOLOGY
5.1 Analysis of Alternative Sites and Technology
In this chapter the alternate site as well as technology is considered.
5.2 Alternative Technology
The project proposal relates to installation of additional 02 nos. of Mounded Bullets of
600 MT capacity each for storage of LPG.
IOCL has mastered the art and technology of installation of Mounded Bullets.
The LPG department of Marketing Division of IOCL has earned a good credential for
installation of Mounded Bullets.
The above expertise of IOCL is well proven and working efficiently at different locations
of the country including North-Eastern states without fails.
IOCL is having excellent track record and progressive outlook in regularly updating its
technology. The technology adopted by IOCL for installation of Mounded Bullets for
storage of LPG is a fail-safe.
5.3 Alternative Site
The proposed augmentation is within the existing premises at Mehatpur, Una, Himachal
Pradeshwhich was commissioned on 27th
Dec 2003. Theplant is spread over 32.56 acre of land
and hence no alternative site has been analyzed.
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CHAPTER :6: ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME
6.1Introduction
Environmental Management is nothing but resource management and environmental planning is
just the same as development planning. They are just the other side of the same coin. The
resource management and development planning look at the issue from narrow micro-
economical point of view while environmental management views the issue from the broader
prospective of long term sustained development option, which ensures that the environment is
not desecrated.
For the effective and consistent functioning of the project, proper environmental monitoring
programmeshall be continued to be carried out at the LPG Bottling Plant.
The programme includes the following:
Environmental Monitoring
Personnel Training
Regular Environmental audits and Correction measures
Documentation–standards operation procedures Environmental Management Plan and other
records
6.2Environmental Monitoring
Work of monitoring shall be carried out at the locations to assess the environmental health in the
post period. A post study monitoring programme is important as it provides useful information
on the following aspects.
It helps to verify the predictions on environmental impacts presented in this study.
It helps to indicate warnings of the development of any alarming environmental situations,
and thus, provides opportunities for adopting appropriate control measures in advance.
The monitoring programmes in different areas of environment, outlined in the next few sections,
have been based on the findings of the impact assessment studies described in Chapter 4. Post
study monitoring programme have been summed up in Table 6.1.
Table-6.1: Environmental Monitoring During Project Construction Stage
Sr. No. Potential Impact Action to be Followed Parameters for
Monitoring
Frequency of
Monitoring
1 Air Emissions All equipment‘s are
operated within
specified design
parameters
Random checks
of equipment
logs/ manuals
Periodic
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Sr. No. Potential Impact Action to be Followed Parameters for
Monitoring
Frequency of
Monitoring
Vehicle trips to be
optimized to the extent
possible
Vehicle logs Periodic during
site clearance &
construction
activities
Maintenance of DG set
emissions to meet
stipulated standards
Gaseous
emissions (SO2,
HC, CO, NOx)
Periodic
emission
monitoring
Ambient air quality
within the premises of
the proposed unit to be
monitored
The ambient air
quality shall
conform to the
standards for
PM10, PM2.5,
SO2, NOx, and
CO
As per CPCB /
HPPCB
requirement or
on monthly basis
whichever is
earlier
2 Noise List of all noise
generating machinery
onsite along with age to
be prepared. Equipment
to be maintained in
good working order
Equipment logs,
noise reading
Regular during
construction
activities
Night working is to be
minimized.
Working hour
records
Daily records
Generation of vehicular
noise.
Maintenance of
records of
vehicles
Daily records
Noise to be monitored
in ambient air within
the plant premises.
Spot noise
recording
As per CPCB/
HPPCB
requirement or
on quarterly
basis whichever
is earlier
3 Wastewater
Discharge
No untreated discharge
to be made to surface
water, groundwater or
No discharge
hoses shall be in
vicinity of
Periodic during
construction
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Sr. No. Potential Impact Action to be Followed Parameters for
Monitoring
Frequency of
Monitoring
soil. watercourses. activities
4 Soil Erosion Protect topsoil
stockpile where
possible at edge of site.
Effective cover
in place.
Periodic during
construction
activities
5 Drainage and
wastewater
Management
Ensure drainage
systemand specific
designmeasuresare
workingeffectively.
The design
toincorporate
existingdrainage
pattern and avoid
disturbing the same.
Visual inspection
of drainage and
records thereof
Periodic during
construction
activities
6 Waste
Management
Implement waste
management plan that
identifies and
characterizes every
waste arising
associated with
proposed activities and
which identifies the
procedures for
collection, handling &
disposal of each waste
arising.
Comprehensive
Waste
Management
Plan should be in
place and
available for
inspection on-
site. Compliance
with MSW
Rules, 2016 and
Hazardous
Wastes
(Management,
Handling and
Transboundary
Movement)
Rules, 2016
Periodic check
during
construction
activities
7 Health Employees and migrant
labour health check ups
All relevant
parameters
including HIV
Regular check
ups
8 Loss of flora and
fauna
Re-vegetation as per
Forest guidelines
No. of plants,
species
During site
clearance
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Table-6.2: Environmental Monitoring During Project Operation Stage
Sr. No Particulars Monitoring
Frequency
Method of
Sampling
Important Monitoring
Parameters
I Air Pollution & Meteorology
A Stack Monitoring
1 D.G Sets Once Online Flue gas temp., velocity,
flow, dust conc., SO2,
NOx
B. Ambient Air Quality Monitoring
1 3 - 4 No. of
AAQ
locations
Twice in a week 24 hr. As per NAAQs 2009
PM, SO2, NOx,
Hydrocarbons as HC,
VOCs
C. Meteorology
1 Wind speed, direction, temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure,
rainfall etc shall be monitored at plant.
II Water and Wastewater Quality
A Domestic
1 STP Once in a Day As per CTO conditions
B. Industrial Wastewaters
1 Outlet of the
ETP
Once in a Day 24 hr
composite
As per CTO conditions
C. Water quality
1 Ground
Water
Once in a month Grab Parameters specified
under IS:2295 (Class C)
and IS:10500,
III Industrial Noise Levels
1 Near
administrative
office
Once in 5
months
8 hr
continuous
with 1 hr
interval
Noise levels in dB(A)
2 Pump house Noise levels in dB(A)
3 D G area Noise levels in dB(A)
Ambient Noise Levels
1 Four
locations
Once in three
months for the
industry Once in
each season for
ambient noise
levels
24 hr
continuous
with one hr
interval
Noise levels in dB(A)
IV Soil Quality
1 Inside the
plant
Pre-Monsoon
and Post
Grab Physio-chemical
parameters
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 107
Sr. No Particulars Monitoring
Frequency
Method of
Sampling
Important Monitoring
Parameters
I Air Pollution & Meteorology
A Stack Monitoring
1 D.G Sets Once Online Flue gas temp., velocity,
flow, dust conc., SO2,
NOx
B. Ambient Air Quality Monitoring
1 3 - 4 No. of
AAQ
locations
Twice in a week 24 hr. As per NAAQs 2009
PM, SO2, NOx,
Hydrocarbons as HC,
VOCs
C. Meteorology
1 Wind speed, direction, temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure,
rainfall etc shall be monitored at plant.
II Water and Wastewater Quality
A Domestic
1 STP Once in a Day As per CTO conditions
B. Industrial Wastewaters
Monsoon season
6.2.1 Ambient Air Quality
Monitoring of ambient air quality at the LPG Bottling Plant site shall be continued to be carried
out on a regular basis to ascertain the levels of hydrocarbons in the atmosphere; ambient air
quality shall be monitored as per Table 6.1& 6.2.
6.2.2 Surface Water Quality
Water quality constitutes another important area in the post study monitoring programme. There
are no major streams or perennial sources of surface water in the study area. Contamination of
surface water in the vicinity of LPG Bottling Plant area during the operation is possible only in
one form.
6.2.3 Noise Level
Ambient noise levels have been monitored at 10 stations inside and outside the plant during
baseline season for day time and night time.
6.3 Environmental Management Cell
The location-in-charge of the LPG Bottling Plantwith the assistance of operation and
maintenance engineers at respective stations presently look after environmental management.
Technical officers of the LPG Bottling Plantstation shall regularly carry out the following:
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Sampling and analysis of noise and water samples.
Systematic and routine housekeeping at the LPG Bottling Plant
Apart from the regulatory requirements, officials conduct inter station environment auditing to
improve the performance. As part of company‘s endeavour, the IOCL has been accredited with
national and international certification of repute such as ISO: 14001 and ISO: 9002. Under these
following aspects are covered.
Following the changes/amendments to central/state legislation pertaining to environment
management.
Assessing the level of experience, competence and training to ensure the capability of
personnel, especially those carrying out specialized environmental management
functions.
Conducting environmental awareness programme for the employees at LPG Bottling
Plantsite.
Measurement of pollution emissions and levels at LPG Bottling Plantthrough an external
agency approved by HPPCB.
6.4 Budgetary Allocation for Environmental Protection Measures
IOCL has proposed a capital investment of R300lacs and a recurring cost of Rs. 21 lacs per
annum for environmental protection measures. The details of investment for procuring the
equipment for efficient control and monitoring of pollution along with annual recurring cost are
given in Table 6.3.
Table 6.3: Cost of Environmental Protection Measures
S.No. Particulars Capital Cost
lacs
Recurring Cost in
lacs
1. Air Pollution Control - 2
2 Firefighting facilities and other
safety equipment
244 10
2. Water Pollution Control 15 2
3. Noise Pollution Control 8 01
4. Environment Monitoring and
Management
3 0.5
5. Occupational Health 30 2.5
6. Green Belt - 3
Total 300 21
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CHAPTER 7. ADDITIONAL STUDIES
7.1 Public Consultation
As per the Additional Terms of Reference (TOR) for EIA issued by Expert Appraisal
Committee, MoEF&CC vide the MOM of 21st EAC meeting held during 27
th to 29
th March
2017, the public hearing has been requisitioned according to the provisions of EIA Notification
number SO 1533(E) dated 14-09-2006 and the procedure described at Una District of Himachal
Pradesh on 30th
January 2018.
Public notice was published in local newspapers by the state board both in English and Hindi
Language on 28.12.2017.
Suggestions, comments, views and objections from local people on environmental issues
regarding the project were invited through notice. No written suggestion/Views/Comments /
Objections were received.
Issues arose during the public hearing and replies by proponent are summarised below:
Public Hearing Issue Raised and Remarks
Sr. No Issue Raised Remark on the Issue Raised
1 The issue rose for providing the path in
between the railway line and boundary
of IOCL Gas Bottling Plant. Also
requested to provide the path and clear
the bushes on the backside of the plant
for the public, so that they can easily
access their land and temple.
The representative of the project proponent
assured that they immediately clear the
bushes and if land with right of way to
IOCL Gas Bottling Plant is provided by the
Gram Pnchayat or Govt. Then road/path
will be constructed under Corporate Social
Responsibility (CSR) activities.
2 The Vice Chairman of the Nagar
Panchayat (NP) Mehatpur suggested
planting the trees in Nagar Panchayat
area.
The representative of the project proponent
assured that they will plant trees on the area
provided by NP. However, after care is to
be taken by the NP itself.
3 The issue raised regarding the
development of the Village Panchayat
Raipur Sohran i.e. separate transformer
for IOCL Gas Bottling Plant, adopting
village panchayat for development
purposes and re-opening of gas outlet at
plant gate.
The representative of the project proponent
replied that they are undertaking the
various activities under CSR such as
providing computers in the schools,
installation of solar lights in local villages
and at present also the work for installation
of solar light is in progress. It is also
assured that they will continue the various
welfare activities in the nearby area for
development. Any new scheme offered by
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 110
Sr. No Issue Raised Remark on the Issue Raised
the Govt. Of India will be implemented on
priority bases in local panchayat.
Proponent requested the panchayat to
submit the proposal under CSR to the
company and it will be implemented on the
priority basis. It is also clarified that IOCL
is having the separate transformer.
4 The issue raised regarding
inconvenience to the local public due to
parking of vehicle/Tankers and impact
of increase in capacity on the parking.
The representative of the project proponent
replied that they are not increasing the
production capacity, only in-house storage
capacity will be increase and it will help to
solve the parking problem. There will be
no increase in number of incoming and
outgoing vehicles.
5 Miscellaneous issues raised by the local
public regarding preference to local
panchayat peoples for employment and
payment of EPF
The representative of the project proponent
replied that they are already preference of
the local people and EPF is paid regularly.
7.2 Quantitative Risk Assessment
7.2.1 Methodology
Methodology adopted for risk assessment of LPG Bottling Plant, Una is as per following
principle steps;
1. Hazard Identification – Identify types of hazards which have the potential to cause harm to
the fatalities such as hydrocarbon releases.
2. Development of accident events – For the purposes of modeling, each hazard identified is
further divided into scenarios or events e.g. Leaks, ruptures etc.;
3. Frequency Analysis – The frequency of occurrence (i.e. likelihood of occurrence within a
given period) of each accidental event occurring is estimated from historical data such as
OGP Risk Assessment Data Directory, Process Release Frequencies, Report no. 434-1 and
434-3, March 2010.
4. Consequence Modeling – The consequences (i.e. extent) arising from realization of these
accidental events such as Jet Fires, Explosions are calculated based on various models;
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 111
5. Risk Analysis – Based on the fatalities arising from the consequences and the frequency
determined for an accidental event, the risk from the hazard is determined in terms of
individual risk;
6. Risk Summation – Risks associated with these accidental events are integrated to quantify
the risk levels at the facility;
7. Benchmarking – The risks are benchmarked against Risk Acceptance Criteria to arrive at
the list of events associated with ―unacceptable‖ and ―acceptable‖ risks;
8. Risk Ranking – The dominant risk contributors in terms of their risk level from various
accidental events are summarized.
7.2.2 Objectives Of Risk Assessment
The Objectives for carrying out the Risk Assessment Study are:
To identify hazards and risks associated with the facilities (during normal operations)
covered under the project and how they could materialize;
To estimate the probability of failure;
To estimate potential consequences of undesired events like leakages and subsequent effects
of fire, explosion, etc, whichever and wherever is applicable; and
To delineate Disaster Management Plan (Onsite and Offsite)
7.2.3 QRA Approach
Result Interpretation
The techniques used for risk prediction within the QRA have inherent uncertainties associated
with them due to the necessary simplifications required. In addition, QRA incorporates a certain
amount of subjective engineering judgment and the results are subjected to levels of uncertainty.
For this reason, the results should not be used as the sole basis for decision making and should
not drive deviations from sound engineering practice. The results should be used as a tool to aid
engineering judgment and, if used in this way, can provide valuable information during the
decision making process.
The QRA results are dependent on the assumptions made in the calculations, which are clearly
documented throughout the following sections of this report. Conservative assumptions have
been used, which helps to remove the requirement for detailed analysis of the uncertainty. The
results show the significant contributions to the overall risk and indicate where worthwhile gains
may be achieved if further enhancement of safety is deemed necessary.
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Risk Criteria
PNGRB risk tolerability criterion in terms of Individual Risk (IR) is defined in the Section 10.2
of the Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory Board Act, 2006 (19 of 2006),Guidelines for
preparation of ERDMP, which is also applicable to IOCL facilities.
The maximum tolerable IR is 1.0 x 10-3 per year, whilst an IR of 1.0 x 10-5 per year is regarded
as broadly acceptable. An IR falling between these values is within the ALARP region of risk
acceptability and must be demonstrated to be as low as reasonably practicable.
These criteria are given here below –
IRPA
10-3/yr
10-4/yr
10-5/yr
10-6/yr
Intolerable
The ALARP or Tolerable
region (Risk is tolerated only)
Broadly Acceptable region
(no need for detailed working todemonstrate ALARP)
Fundamental improvements needed.Only to be considered if there are no
alternatives and people are well informed
Too high, significant effort required toimprove
High, investigate alternatives
Low, consider cost-effective alternatives
Negligible, maintain normal precautions
Figure 7.1: Risk Acceptance Criteria
The assessment and control of risk are essential requirements for a proactive HSE management
system. In order to make a valued judgment and to decide on what risks are acceptable, an easily
understood set of criteria should be set and followed rigorously. Risk criteria are required to
promote consistency in evaluating the results of relevant studies and to formulate a proactive
approach to incident prevention. The following sections sets out the basis for selecting the risk
acceptance criteria and explains some of the techniques used to arrive at the quantitative
assessments made to understand the risk levels.
Risk
Risk is defined as the probability that within a fixed time period, usually one year, an unwanted
effect occurs. Consequently, risk is a dimensionless number. However, risk is often expressed in
units of frequency, ‗per year‘. Since failure frequencies are low, the probability that an unwanted
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effect will occur within a fixed time period of one year is, practically speaking, equal to the
frequency of occurrence per year.
Risk is the unwanted consequences of an activity connected with the probability of occurrence.
Individual Risk Criteria (IR)
The tolerable risk level lies between the acceptable and unacceptable levels in which ALARP
must be demonstrated. Once a specific hazard is demonstrated by analysis to result in acceptable
risk there is no requirement, other than following normal precautions and SOPs defined by
company and statutes.
Workers would include IOCL employees and contractors. The public includes the general public,
visitors and any third party who is not directly involved in the IOCL work activities.
The tolerability criteria above should not be misinterpreted as the number of fatalities that IOCL
is prepared to accept in conducting operations. They must be used only in QRA context as a
statistical probability that equipment, systems and procedures fail and result in fatalities.
Presentation of Risk Results
Location Specific Individual Risk (LSIR)
LSIR measures and expresses the risk exposure of personnel who are continuously present in a
particular area for the entire year (24x7x365). The risk exposure is calculated for all relevant
hazards and summed to give the overall risk of LPG Bottling Plant, Una.
In the fatality estimation, the consequences of each outcome due to a loss of containment are
represented by the probability of death for personnel continuously present in a particular area of
the plant when the event occurs. The LSIR can therefore be represented as:
LSIR = Σ (End event outcome frequency x Probability of fatality in area)
Individual Risk per Annum (IRPA)
IRPA takes into account the amount of time personnel spend at the plant and is defined as the
probability of an individual being killed by the accident scenario per unit time. IRPA from
process events is determined as follows:
IRPA = Σ (LSIR x Probability of personnel in area) x Presence factor
The presence factor is the actual time spent at the plant in a year.
Potential Loss of Life (PLL)
The PLL is a measure of risk to a group of personnel as a whole and is an average rate of
fatalities at the plant. The PLL can be established using the following equation –
PLL = Σ (IRPA) x Number of personnel in worker group
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7.2.4 Hazard Identification
A substance or circumstance which may cause injury or damage due to being explosive,
flammable, poisonous, corrosive, oxidizing, or otherwise harmful is defined as hazard.
Hazards associated with storage tanks
As per UK HSE‘s guideline HSG176, the main hazards associated with the storage and handling
of flammable liquids are fire and explosion, involving either the liquid or the vapour given off
from it. Fires and explosions are likely to occur when vapour or liquid is released accidentally or
deliberately into areas where there may be an ignition source, or when an ignition source is
introduced into an area where there may be flammable atmospheres.
Common causes of such incidents include,
1. Inadequate design and installation of equipment;
2. Inadequate inspection and maintenance;
3. Failure or malfunction of equipment;
4. Lack of awareness of the properties of flammable liquids;
5. Operator error, due to lack of training;
6. Exposure to heat from a nearby fire;
7. Inadequate control of ignition sources;
8. Electrostatic discharges;
9. Heating materials above their auto-ignition temperature;
10. Dismantling or disposing of equipment containing flammable liquids;
Hot work on or close to flammable liquid vessels
Hazard Categories
In order to identify hazards posed by the facility, it is very important to identify the type of
hazards posed by the materials being handled. IOCL handles and stores LPG.
All these are flammable and pose fire and explosion risk. As there is no toxic material being
handled at facility, there is no toxic risk envisaged
Hazardous Properties
Combustion of hazardous substance occurs when flammable vapours released from the surface
of the substance ignite. The amount of flammable vapour given off from a hazardous substance,
and therefore the extent of the fire or explosion hazard, depends largely on the temperature of the
substance, how much of the surface area is exposed, how long it is exposed for, and the air
movement over the surface. The hazard also depends on the physical properties of the substance
such as flashpoint, auto-ignition temperature, viscosity, and the upper and lower explosion limits.
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These are the various materials are handled in the facility & have been taken into Quantitative
Risk Assessment.
Properties LPG HSD
Flash Point(°C) < -60 > 35°C
LFL 1.8 % (V) 0.4 %
UFL 8.5 % (V) 5 %
Vapour Pressure 2.007 at 21.1
°C (70.0 °F) 0.5 mm of Hg
Boiling point (°C)
-0.5 (31.1 °F)
at 1,013.25
hPa
110 °C to375°C
Relative density of gas
or vapourto air 2 to 3 3 to 5
Physical State Gas Liquid
Auto Ignition temp(°C) 287°C 230°Cto250°C
Scenarios
Considering hazardous properties and facility, following scenarios have been considered for
consequence and risk assessment –
As per OGP – Risk Assessment Directory, for each of scenario four leak sizes are considered
for release from Piping,
1. Small leak – Leak size 5 mm (representative size of 1 to 10mm)
2. Medium Leak – Leak size 25 mm (representative size of 10mm to 50mm)
3. Large Leak – Leak size 100 mm (representative size of 50 to 150mm)
4. Full Bore Rupture (FBR)
In case of release from storage, following leak sizes are considered:
1. Small leak – Leak size 5 mm (representative size of 1 to 10mm)
2. Medium Leak – Leak size 25 mm (representative size of 10mm to 50mm)
3. Large Leak – Leak size 100 mm (representative size of 50 to 150mm)
4. Catastrophic Rupture
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Note: In the present facility, mounded bullets are submerged so there is negligible possibility
of bullet leakage or rupture. HSD is also stored underground, so negligible possibility of
leakage or rupture
Table 7.1: List of identified Scenarios
SN Section Number Section Description
1 IS1 Road Tanker
2 IS2 Piping from unloading arm to inlet of LPG Bullet
3
IS3
Piping from LPG Bullet to Tanker passing through
Compressors
4 IS4 Piping from outlet of LPG Bullets to suction of LPG pumps
5
IS5
Piping from discharge of LPG pumps to Carousals Filling
gun (LPG Cylinder filling operation)
6 IS6 Diesel Tank Transfer pump discharge line
Ignition sources
Ignition sources are strictly controlled in the LPG bottling plant area. All electrical equipment
and fittings are flame-proof type. No vehicle is allowed inside the premises without approved
spark arrestor in the engine exhaust.
The following sources of ignition are considered in the risk analysis.
1. Substation
2. Diesel generator
3. LT yard/ Transformer
4. Canteen
Climatic Conditions
Meteorological Data
The consequences of released flammable material are largely dependent on the prevailing
weather conditions. For the assessment of major scenarios involving release of flammable
material, the most important meteorological parameters are those that affect the atmospheric
dispersion of the escaping material. The crucial variables are wind direction, wind speed,
atmospheric stability and temperature. Rainfall does not have any direct bearing on the results of
the risk analysis; however, it can have beneficial effects by absorption / washout of released
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materials. Actual behavior of any release would largely depend on prevailing weather condition
at the time of release.
Atmospheric Stability Classes
The tendency of the atmosphere to resist or enhance vertical motion and thus turbulence is
termed as stability. Stability is related to both the change of temperature with height (the lapse
rate) driven by the boundary layer energy budget, and wind speed together with surface
characteristics (roughness)
A neutral atmosphere neither enhances nor inhibits mechanical turbulence. An unstable
atmosphere enhances turbulence, whereas a stable atmosphere inhibits mechanical turbulence.
Stability classes are defined for different meteorological situations, characterised by wind speed
and solar radiation (during the day) and cloud cover during the night. The so called Pasquill-
Turner stability classes dispersion estimates include six (6) stability classes as below:
A – Very Unstable B – Unstable C – Slightly Unstable
D – Neutral E – Stable F – Very Stable
The typical stability classes for various wind speed and radiation levels during entire day are
presented in table below:
Table 7.2: Typical Pasquill Stability classes
Wind
Speed
(m/s)
Day : Solar Radiation Night : cloud Cover
Strong Moderate Slight Think <
40% Moderate
Overcast >
80%
<2 A A-B B - - D
2-3 A-B B C E F D
3-5 B B-C C D E D
5-6 C C-D D D D D
>6 C D D D D D
The wind speed and Pasquill Stability class data used for the study is summarized below:
Wind Speed Stability class
2m/s F
5 m/s D
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7.2.5 Events and Ignition Probability
Event Tree
PHAST has an in-built event tree for determining the outcomes which are based on two types of
releases namely continuous and instantaneous. Leaks are considered to be continuous releases
whereas, ruptures are considered to be instantaneous releases.
The event tree takes in to account factors affecting consequence of a release such as;
1. Material properties such as
a. Flammability / toxicity
b. Flash point
c. Phase of material
d. Density of material
2. Ambient conditions
3. Availability of Immediate / Delayed ignition
Based on these the event trees used in PHAST Risk are given here below –
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Figure7.2: Event tree for Continuous release with rainout (from PHAST software)
7.2.6 Consequential Events
Jet Fire
A jet fire occurs following the ignition and combustion of pressurized flammable fluid
continuously released from a pipe or orifice, which burns close to its release plane. The high heat
intensity poses a hazard to personnel and causes damage to unprotected equipment due to direct
flame impingement, causing it to fail within several minutes. Jet flames dissipate thermal
radiation, away from the flame‘s visible boundaries and transmit heat energy that could be
hazardous to life and property.
Pool Fire
The released flammable material which is a liquid stored below its normal boiling point, will
collect in a pool. The geometry of the pool will be dictated by the surroundings. If the liquid is
stored under pressure above its normal boiling point, then a fraction of the liquid will flash into
vapour and the remaining portion will form a pool in the vicinity of the release point. Once
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sustained combustion is achieved, liquid fires quickly reach steady state burning. The heat
release rate is a function of the liquid surface area exposed to air. An unconfined spill will tend
to have thin fuel depth (typically less than 5 mm) which will result in slower burning rates. A
confined spill is limited by the boundaries (e.g. a dyke area) and the depth of the resulting pool is
greater than that for an unconfined spill. Pool fires are less directional and so may affect a larger
area although it is mostly influenced by wind conditions. They will also cause structural failure
of equipment although the time taken is longer than jet fires.
Flammable Gas Dispersion / Flash Fire
Flash Fire occurs when a vapour cloud of flammable material burns. The cloud is typically
ignited on the edge and burns towards the release point. The duration of flash fire is very short
(seconds), but it may continue as Jet fire if the release continues. The overpressures generated
by the combustion are not considered significant in terms of damage potential to persons,
equipment or structures. The major hazard from flash fire is direct flame impingement.
Typically, the burn zone is defined as the area the vapour cloud covers out to the LFL. Even
where the concentration may be above the UFL, turbulent induced combustion mixes the
material with air and results in flash fire.
Vapour Cloud Explosion
Vapour cloud explosion is the result of flammable materials in the atmosphere, a subsequent
dispersion phase, and after some delay an ignition of the vapour cloud. Turbulence is the
governing factor in blast generation, which could intensify combustion to the level that will
result in an explosion. Obstacles in the path of vapour cloud or when the cloud finds a confined
area often create turbulence. Insignificant level of confinement will result in a flash fire. The
VCE will result in overpressures.
It may be noted that VCEs have been responsible for very serious accidents involving severe
property damage and loss of lives.
BLEVE
A boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion (BLEVE) is an explosion caused by the rupture of a
vessel containing a pressurized liquid that has reached temperatures above its boiling point.
Ignition Probability
There are 2 main types of ignitions, namely:
1. Immediate ignition — Ignition following rapidly after the release is initiated, prior to
personnel being able to escape from the area; and
2. Delayed ignition — Gas cloud drifting over an ignition source and depending on the
ignition delay, personnel may be able to escape before fire or explosion occurs.
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PHAST has systematic approach for deciding ignition probabilities depending upon type of
release, phase of material released, reactivity and release rate. These have been used for the
purpose of the study.
Table 7.3: Ignition Probabilities as used in PHAST.
Type and Size of Release Type of Material Released
Continuous Instantaneous
K0 K1 K2 K3 K4
Gas; liquid: Tfl< 0oC liquid: liquid: liquid: liquid
Reactivity: Reactivity: Tfl<
21oC
Tfl<
55oC
Tfl<
100oC
Tfl>
100oC High, Average,
Unknown Low
< 10 kg/s < 1000 kg 0.2 0.02 0.065 0.01 0 0
10 - 100 kg/s 1000 - 10,000
kg 0.5 0.04 0.065 0.01 0 0
> 100 kg/s > 10,000 kg 0.7 0.09 0.065 0.01 0 0
7.2.7 Consequence Analysis
Consequence analysis is carried out to determine the extent of spread (dispersion) by accidental
release which may lead to jet fire or explosion resulting into generating heat radiation,
overpressures, explosion impact etc.
Modes of failure
Loss of containment from the system can lead to undesired consequences such as fire or
explosion. The consequencial effects may vary depending on the leak sizes or rupture. Following
table shows various leak sizes along with their significance.
Table 7.4: Leak sizes considered
Leak Sizes
Leak
Description
Representative
Hole Diameter Remarks
Small
(0 – 10 mm) 5 mm Represents leaks from flange joints and pump seals.
Medium
(10 – 50 mm) 25 mm
Represents release due to failure of small bore piping
(instrument tapping, drain connection etc.).
Large
(50 – 150 mm) 100 mm
Represents release due to failure of large section of
equipment or piping (e.g. damage due to external
impact, failure of flexible pipe/ hose).
Rupture >150mm
Represents release due to failure of large section of
equipment or piping equivalent to its rupture / full
bore release.
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Above leak sizes are taken from Centre of Chemical Process Safety(CCPS) AIChE
CCPS QRA guidelines, chapter 2 – Consequence analysis, also mentions about leak duration. It
says that the Department of Transportation (1980) LNG Federal Safety Standards specified 10-
min leak duration; other studies (Rijnmond Public Authority, 1982) have used 3 min if there is a
leak detection system combined with remotely actuated isolation valves. Other analysts use a
shorter duration. Actual release duration may depend on the detection and reaction time for
automatic isolation devices and response time of the operators for manual isolation. The rate of
valve closure in longer pipes can influence the response time. Due to the water hammer effect,
designers may limit the rate of closure in liquid pipelines.
Considering this and isolated facility of IOCL, we have considered 10min discharge duration as
a conservative approach.
Impact Criteria
An impact criterion relates the modeling of the hazard effects to the resultant consequences to
personnel and asset, and determines the nature and detail of results required from the simulation.
The impact criteria for personnel and equipment on IOCL are summarised in the following sub-
sections.
Impact due to fire
Following table defines the impact of thermal radiation on personnel. The thermal radiation
levels listed includes solar radiation of 1 kW/m2.
Table 7.5: Thermal Radiation Impact Criteria for Personnel
Thermal Radiation Effect Description
1.6 kW/m2 Maximum radiant heat intensity at any location where personnel
with appropriate clothing can be continuously exposed.
4 kW/m2
Maximum radiant heat intensity in areas where emergency
actions lasting 2 to 3 minutes can be required by personnel
without shielding but with appropriate clothing.
12.5 kW/m2
Maximum radiant heat intensity in areas where emergency
actions lasting up to 30 seconds can be required by personnel
without shielding but with appropriate clothing.
37.5 kW/m2
Limiting thermal radiation intensity for escape actions lasting a
few seconds. Significant chance of fatality for extended
exposure.
Table 7.6: Thermal Radiation Impact Criteria for Equipment
Thermal Radiation Effect Description
4 kW/m2 Glass breakage (30 minute exposure)
12.5 to 15 kW/m2 Piloted ignition of wood, melting of plastic (>30 minute
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Thermal Radiation Effect Description
exposure)
18 to 20 kW/m2 Cable insulation degrades (>30 minute exposure)
10 or 20 kW/m2 Ignition of fuel oil (120 or 40 seconds, respectively)
25 to 32 kW/m2 Unpiloted ignition of wood, steel deformation (>30 minute
exposure)
35 to 37.5 kW/m2 Process equipment and structural damage (including storage
tanks) (>30 minute exposure)
100 kW/m2 Steel structure collapse (>30 minute exposure)
The damage effects are different for different scenarios considered. In order to appreciate the
damage effects produced by various scenarios, it will be appropriate to discuss the physiological/
physical effects of the accidental loss of containment event.
Impact due to explosion/dispersion
A Vapour cloud Explosion (VCE) results when a flammable vapor is released, its mixture with
air will form a flammable vapour cloud. If ignited, the flame speed may accelerate to high
velocities and produce significant blast overexposure.
The damage effects due to 30mbar, 100mbar & 300mbar are reported in terms of distance from
the overpressure source.
In case of vapour cloud explosion, two physical effects may occur:
A flash fire over the whole length of the explosive gas cloud;
A blast wave, with typical peak overpressures circular around ignition source.
Table 7.7: Damage Due to Overpressures
Peak Overpressure, bar Damage Type
0.83 Total destruction
0.30 Heavy damage, nearly complete destruction of
houses
0.27 Cladding of light industrial building ruptures
0.2 Steel frame buildings distorted and pulled from
foundations
0.16 Lower limit of serious structural damage
0.14 Partial collapse of walls and roofs of houses
0.027 Limited minor structural damage
0.01 Typical pressure of glass breakage
Initial Release Rates
LOC at the facility may be modeled using a representative hole size or by fixing the release rate
for a given scenario. In this assessment, the former method was used as the hole size is a major
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factor in influencing the characteristics of a release and determines the initial hydrocarbon mass
release rate as well as release duration.
Based on the hole sizes, material properties and operating / storage conditions, the corresponding
initial release rates for fire modeling are obtained from PHAST.
Material flash rates were used for dispersion in case of releases as there is no gaseous material
being handled. The release rate decreases with time as the equipment depressurizes. This
reduction depends mainly on the inventory and the action taken to isolate the leak and blow-
down the equipment.
Flammable Gas Dispersion
The significance of these distances is that the cloud will ignite if it were to get source of ignition
within UFL and LFL zone. Following table gives the LFL and UFL dispersion distances for
various leak sizes under different weather conditions.
The resultant flammable dispersion distances are given in the table below,
Table 7.8: Flammable (LFL) dispersion distances
SN Scenario
ID
Scenario Description Leak Size
in mm
Flammable distances in m
Conc. 2F 5D
1
IS1
Road Tanker
5 UFL 1.63 1.59
LFL 6.80 5.41
LFL Frac 13.56 7.98
25 UFL 7.96 7.41
LFL 54.84 50.07
LFL Frac 128.54 103.22
100 UFL 40.09 39.54
LFL 237.14 289.97
LFL Frac 498.62 448.14
Catastrophic UFL 67.35 66.87
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SN Scenario
ID
Scenario Description Leak Size in
mm
Flammable distances in m
Conc. 2F 5D
Rupture LFL 381.49 470.09
LFL Frac 560.09 651.52
2
IS2
Piping from unloading
arm to inlet of LPG
Bullet
5 UFL 1.63 1.59
LFL 6.80 5.41
LFL Frac 13.56 7.98
25 UFL 7.96 7.41
LFL 54.84 50.07
LFL Frac 128.54 103.22
100 UFL 40.09 39.54
LFL 252.23 301.19
LFL Frac 374.86 427.13
FBR UFL 67.35 66.87
LFL 298.15 369.46
LFL Frac 419.34 484.34
3
IS3
Piping from LPG Bullet
to Tanker passing
through Compressors
5 UFL 1.82 1.78
LFL 7.62 6.00
LFL Frac 16.21 9.50
25 UFL 8.93 8.28
LFL 63.16 59.54
LFL Frac 143.71 119.19
100 UFL 46.26 45.71
LFL 265.70 328.13
LFL Frac 386.23 444.55
FBR UFL 47.13 46.59
LFL 267.27 333.56
LFL Frac 388.04 446.38
LFL Frac 891.12 1127.6
0
4
IS4
Piping from outlet of
LPG Bullets to suction of
LPG pumps
5 UFL 1.68 1.65
LFL 7.06 5.58
LFL Frac 14.32 8.39
25 UFL 8.27 7.65
LFL 57.16 53.10
LFL Frac 133.15 107.83
100 UFL 41.81 41.12
LFL 241.28 301.08
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SN Scenario
ID
Scenario Description Leak Size in
mm
Flammable distances in m
Conc. 2F 5D
LFL Frac 351.49 399.75
FBR UFL 127.14 126.97
LFL 335.22 421.79
LFL Frac 441.25 516.45
5
IS5
Piping from discharge of
LPG pumps to Carousals
Filling gun (LPG
Cylinder filling
operation)
5 UFL 0.24 0.24
LFL 1.17 1.09
LFL Frac 2.14 1.82
25 UFL 1.13 1.14
LFL 5.58 4.81
LFL Frac 10.23 7.46
100 UFL 4.47 4.41
LFL 27.66 25.52
LFL Frac 67.29 68.46
FBR UFL 6.79 6.64
LFL 47.56 47.15
LFL Frac 113.36 122.90
Notes:
NR: Not Reached
FBR: Full Bore Rupture
Radiation Distances due to Jet Fire
A jet or spray fire is a turbulent diffusion flame resulting from the combustion of a fuel
continuously released with some significant momentum in a particular direction or directions.
The properties of jet fires depend on the fuel composition, release conditions, release rate,
release geometry, direction and ambient wind conditions.
Radiation due to jet fire are given in the table below –
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Table 7.9: Jet fire radiation distances
SN Scenario
ID
Scenario Description Leak Size in
mm
Jet Fire distances in m
Radiation
kw/m2 2F 5D
1
IS1
Road Tanker
5 4 15.53 13.44
12.5 12.41 10.23
37.5 10.43 8.21
25 4 67.72 58.90
12.5 53.84 44.82
37.5 45.53 36.45
100 4 235.82 204.96
12.5 185.28 154.72
37.5 155.24 124.88
2
IS2
Piping from unloading
arm to inlet of LPG
Bullet
5 4 9.59 10.71
12.5 NR 6.24
37.5 NR NR
25 4 44.94 39.29
12.5 21.15 23.66
37.5 NR 11.00
100 4 135.78 116.29
12.5 61.45 69.88
37.5 NR 25.16
3
IS3
Piping from LPG
Bullet to Tanker
passing through
Compressors
5 4 10.86 11.83
12.5 NR 6.91
37.5 NR NR
25 4 49.47 42.99
12.5 23.13 25.96
37.5 NR 11.50
100 4 149.04 127.61
12.5 66.70 76.16
37.5 NR 25.75
4
IS4
Piping from outlet of
LPG Bullets to
suction of LPG pumps
5 4 9.96 11.08
12.5 NR 6.45
37.5 NR NR
25 4 46.28 40.39
12.5 21.75 24.35
37.5 NR 11.18
100 4 139.70 119.64
12.5 63.03 71.76
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SN Scenario
ID
Scenario Description Leak Size in
mm
Jet Fire distances in m
Radiation
kw/m2 2F 5D
37.5 NR 25.40
12.5 123.22 143.57
37.5 7.49 42.02
5
IS5
Piping from discharge
of LPG pumps to
Carousals Filling gun
(LPG Cylinder filling
operation)
5 4 NR NR
12.5 NR NR
37.5 NR NR
25 4 4.00 7.36
12.5 NR NR
37.5 NR NR
100 4 20.81 28.19
12.5 NR 9.77
37.5 NR NR
Notes:
NR: Not Reached
FBR: Full Bore Rupture
Radiation Distances due to Pool Fire
A pool fire involves a horizontal, upward-facing, combustible fuel. When spilled, the
Flammable/combustible liquid may form a pool of any shape and thickness, and may be
controlled by the confinement of the area geometry such as a dyke or curbing. Once ignited, a
pool fire spreads rapidly over the surface of the liquid spill area.
When a spilled liquid is ignited, a pool fire develops. Provided that an ample supply of oxygen is
available, the amount of surface area of the given liquid becomes the defining parameter. The
diameter of the pool fire depends upon the release mode, release quantity (or rate), and burning
rate. Liquid pool fires with a given amount of fuel can burn for long periods of time if they have
a small surface area or for short periods of time over a large spill area.
Following table gives radiation distances for pool fire scenario where it is assumed that the dyke
will contain leaked material and would not allow it to flow beyond the restricted bund area.
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Table 7.10: Pool fire radiation distances
SN Scenario
ID Scenario Description
Leak
Size in
mm
Pool fire distances in m
Radiation
kw/m2 2F 5D
1 IS6 Diesel Tank Transfer pump
line
5
4 32.22 35.69
12.5 19.77 24.85
37.5 11.21 11.97
25
4 36.20 39.19
12.5 23.76 28.35
37.5 15.20 15.47
FBR
4 38.50 41.48
12.5 26.05 30.64
37.5 17.49 17.76
NR: Not Reached
FBR: Full Bore Rupture
The above results show that the pool fire radiation distances are in case of Diesel Transfer pump
which goes up to 40 m for 4kW/m2 radiation for 5D wind Condition.
Overpressure Distances due to Explosion
Table 7.11: Overpressure Distances due to Explosion
SN Scenario
ID Description of scenario
Leak
Size in
mm
Maximum Distance (m) at
Overpressure Level
Overpress
ure in bar 2F 5D
1 IS1 Road Tanker
5mm
0.02068 10.79 10.79
0.1379 2.72 2.72
0.2068 2.13 2.13
25mm
0.02068 32.37 32.37
0.1379 8.15 8.15
0.2068 6.38 6.38
100mm
0.02068 97.12 97.12
0.1379 24.46 24.46
0.2068 19.14 19.14
Cat Rup
0.02068 291.36 291.36
0.1379 73.37 73.37
0.2068 57.41 57.41
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SN Scenario
ID Description of scenario
Leak
Size in
mm
Maximum Distance (m) at
Overpressure Level
Overpress
ure in bar 2F 5D
2 IS2
Piping from unloading
arm to inlet of LPG
Bullet
5mm
0.02068 2.28 2.23
0.1379 2.02 1.98
0.2068 0.64 0.63
25mm
0.02068 6.83 6.69
0.1379 6.07 5.95
0.2068 1.92 1.88
100mm
0.02068 13.66 13.39
0.1379 12.14 11.89
0.2068 3.83 3.76
FBR
0.02068 68.3 66.94
0.1379 36.41 35.68
0.2068 11.5 11.27
3 IS3
Piping from LPG Bullet
to Tanker passing
through Compressors
5mm
0.02068 4.55 4.46
0.1379 4.05 3.96
0.2068 1.28 1.25
25mm
0.02068 13.66 13.39
0.1379 12.14 11.89
0.2068 3.83 3.76
100mm
0.02068 27.32 26.77
0.1379 24.27 23.79
0.2068 7.67 7.52
FBR
0.02068 136.6 133.87
0.1379 72.81 71.36
0.2068 23.01 22.55
4 IS4
Piping from outlet of
LPG Bullets to suction
of LPG pumps
5mm
0.02068 5.46 5.35
0.1379 4.85 4.76
0.2068 1.53 1.5
25mm
0.02068 16.39 16.06
0.1379 14.56 14.27
0.2068 4.6 4.51
100mm 0.02068 32.78 32.13
0.1379 29.13 28.54
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 131
SN Scenario
ID Description of scenario
Leak
Size in
mm
Maximum Distance (m) at
Overpressure Level
Overpress
ure in bar 2F 5D
0.2068 9.2 9.02
FBR
0.02068 163.92 160.65
0.1379 87.38 85.63
0.2068 27.61 27.06
5 IS5
Piping from discharge
of LPG pumps to
Carousals Filling gun
(LPG Cylinder filling
operation)
5mm
0.02068 2.73 2.68
0.1379 2.43 2.38
0.2068 0.77 0.75
25mm
0.02068 8.2 8.03
0.1379 7.28 7.14
0.2068 2.3 2.25
100mm
0.02068 16.39 16.06
0.1379 14.56 14.27
0.2068 4.6 4.51
FBR
0.02068 81.96 80.32
0.1379 43.69 42.81
0.2068 13.8 13.53
Notes:
NR: Not Reached
FBR: Full Bore Rupture
Cat Rup: Catastrophic Rupture
Boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion (BLEVE)
A boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion (BLEVE) is an explosion caused by the rupture of a
vessel containing a pressurized liquid above its boiling point.
Fireball due to BLEVE in Road Tanker
Table 7.12 Fireball (BLEVE) distance for Road Tanker
Scenario Maximum Distance for BLEVE (Fireball)
Radiation kw/m2 2F 5D
Road Tanker (IS1)
4 376.46 376.46
12.5 187.47 187.47
37.5 NR NR
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 132
7.2.8 Likelihood Estimation
Frequency analysis was conducted for each of the release scenarios identified based on the
number of potential leak sources contained within each isolatable section. Leaks may occur from
various components such as tanks, pumps, pipes, valves and flanges. Each component has a
generic historical leak frequency per single item such as a leak frequency per flange-year or per
meter of pipe per year. Generic failure data for equipment and piping items is derived from
historical leak frequency data compiled by the International Association of Oil & Gas Producers
(OGP). For components other than Tanks, Report No. 434 – 1 – Process Release Frequencies dtd
March 2010 has been used and for storage tanks, Report No. 434 – 3 – Storage incident
frequencies dtd March 2010 has been referred to.
Failure Frequencies
This scenario is considered only for Underground Storage mounded vessels. Under section 2 of
Report No. 434 – 3 the failure frequency of Underground/submerged Storage mounded vessels
is 1.1 × 10-7/avg year.
For other scenarios, the failure frequency has been estimated using parts count approach. The
total leak frequency for any scenario is estimated by counting the number of each type of
component in the section. This process is called ―Parts Count‖. The generic leak frequencies are
then multiplied by the number of corresponding components in each isolatable section to obtain
the overall leak frequency for that section.
The calculated frequencies are given here below –
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Table 7.13: Estimated Failure Frequency
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 134
7.2.9 Risk Analysis
This section deals with the risk assessment of IOCL LPG Bottling Plant installed at Una. The
risk of LPG Bottling Plant, Una is calculated based on consequences, parts count, failure
frequency, ignition sources etc.
A Quantitative Risk Analysis (QRA) is used to determine the risk caused by the use, handling,
transport and storage of hazardous substances. The results of the QRA are, for example, used to
assess the acceptability of the risk in relation to the benefits of the activity, to evaluate new
developments on and off-site, to estimate the benefit of risk-reducing countermeasures and to
determine zoning distances around an activity for land-use planning. QRAs are used to
demonstrate the risk caused by the activity and to provide the competent authorities with relevant
information to enable decisions on the acceptability of risk related to developments on site, or
around the establishment or transport route.
7.2.10 Risk Contours
Location specific individual risk (LSIR) is a measure of the risk exposure of an individual who is
continuously present at a particular location for the whole year.
This is a graphical representation of the risk estimated. Individual risk estimated for LPG
Bottling Plant, Una is superimposed on layout and has illustrated below,
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0.00 0.20 0.40
km
Figure 7.3: Risk Contour for LPG Bottling Plant, Una
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EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 136
It can be seen that the risk level of 1E-04/avg year is surrounded to the LPG Bulltes and LPG
Compressore area.
Above figure shows the risk impact of the entire facility. It can be seen easily that though the risk
contour goes beyond the facility is 10E-07/avg year, there is no other populated facility which
will get affected.
FN Curve
The FN Curve shows the frequency (F) with which events cause N or more fatalities. F-N curve
for risk posed by LPG Bottling Plant, Una on public surrounding is given here below. The risk is
well within ALARP limits
Figure 7.4: FN Curve for LPG Bottling Plant, Una
IRPA and PLL
Individual Risk per Annum (IRPA) and Potential Loss of Life (PLL) are estimated based on the
LSIR at the locations. Figure above shows that the risk at the office building is less than 1E-
07/avg year. Therefore the IRPA and PLL also fall under broadly acceptable region.
7.2.11 Conclusion
The risk analysis shows that the risk is below 1E-04/avg year. After benchmarking the risk
against PNGRB‘s Individual Risk Acceptance criteria, the risk is within ALARP or Tolerable
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Region – (Risk is tolerated only – High, investigate alternatives)region which means that normal
precautions shall be maintained.
However, in case of emergency there should be availability of the fire fighting system to control
fire and also the vehicles to escape from hazardous area.
7.2.12 Recommendations
The facility handles storage and handling of LPG which is highly inflammable in nature.
Considering the hazard associated with storage and handling of LPG, state-of-art safety and
security system has to be conceived to eliminate the hazard.
LPG detection system provided at LPG handling area shall be tested to initiate an alarm at its
installed location at regular intervals to check its operability.
A regular scheduled plant inspection shall be done for excess flow check valve in the road
tankers and the excess flow check valves on the liquid transfer line to avoid escape LPG
during loading/ unloading operations. OISD-135 on ―Inspection of Loading and Unloading
Hoses‖ for petroleum products shall be followed for inspection and maintenance of loading/
unloading hoses.
Use of mechanical equipment & tools that easily generate sparks in operation should be
prohibited.
Attention should be given to avoid possible sources of ignition. Ensure strict implementation
of ‗NO SMOKING‘ and ‗NO MOBILE‘ at the facility to minimize ignition chances. The
vehicles entering inside the plant should be ensured to be fitted with flame arrestors.
It is to be ensured that all the employees are thoroughly trained in emergency procedures.
This will include recognition of alarm signals (initial alarm, emergency, evacuation) and
personal action on instruction to evacuate.
Operating personnel should be adequately trained.
Work permit system must be implemented mandatorily for hazardous work in the plant.
Safety manual and Public awareness manual needs to be prepared and distributed to all
employees and nearby public.
Water sprinkler arrangement should be always in working condition at the pumps area
compressor area etc.
Entire storage and handling facility should be covered under fire hydrant and monitor loop.
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Small leaks could occur frequently during routine operations like pump seal failure, sample
point valve or drain valve left open, flange leak etc. They should be attended to immediately
as they could escalate.
Periodic preventive maintenance of pumps, valves, flanges, nozzles, flame arrestors, breather
valves etc. must be done.
Inspection and testing of the major equipments e.g. LPG storage, LPG pumps and
compressors etc. should be done at regular intervals for ensuring their health and condition
monitoring.
Safety as a consideration; ensure the facility must be automated in order to avoid delays in
mitigating the risks unlike in manual operations.
Loading/unloading operations should be done with proper earthing/bonding.
Security circuit containing fusible plugs to detect heat/fire and thereby closing ROVs in case
of fire
Emergency push buttons should be provided in LPG control room and also in field at safe
location for manual actuation of emergency shutdown interlock by the operator.
The DG sets must be periodically tested on load to ensure that it remains always in operating
condition.
Ensure selection of electrical/lighting equipment‘s based on HAC (hazardous area
classification).
Cathodic protection should be provided for mounded storage vessels on the external surface.
In order to reduce the frequency of failures and consequent risk, codes, rules and standards
framed e.g. OISD 144, SMPV rules (Unfired), gas cylinder rules etc. should be strictly
followed with respect to construction of new facilities.
7.3 Disaster Management Plan
Disaster Management involves planning what to do before, during and after a disaster or
emergency occurs.
Disaster Management plan involves the contribution of both internal (organizational) and
external agencies for its successful implementation. Individual units have to be prepared for
emergencies that may result in consequential damage to people or property in surrounding areas.
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As per the MSIHC Rules, any incident which has a potential of causing Offsite damage must be
indicated to the District emergency authority (the District Magistrate and his emergency response
team).
The ERDMP identifies the safe transition from normal operation to emergency operations and
systematic shut down, if any, and the delegation of authority from operations personnel to
emergency response personnel. For this purpose, the plan shall identify an emergency response
organization with appropriate lines of authority with succession planning and actuating the
response management. The plan shall identify each responder's position, mission, duties and
reporting relationship
Overall objectives of an emergency control organization is:
To promptly control problems as they develop at the scene.
To prevent or limit the impact on other areas and off-site.
To provide emergency personnel, selecting them for duties compatible with their normal
work functions wherever feasible. The duties and functions assigned to various people shall
include making full use of existing organizations and service groups such as fire, safety,
occupational health, medical, transportation, personnel, maintenance, and security.
Employees must assume additional responsibilities as per laid down procedure of erdmp
whenever an emergency alarm sounds.
In setting up the organization, the need for round-the-clock coverage shall be essential. Shift
personnel must be prepared to take charge of the emergency control functions or emergency
shutdown of system, if need be, until responsible personnel arrive at the site of emergency.The
Fire order has been prepared with an alternate person and arrangement for each function.
7.3.1 Emergency Organization Set-up
Role of key personnel is clearly defined to avoid confusion and to meet the emergency
effectively. The Chief Incident Controller and the Site Incident Controller are two main positions
for effective control of an emergency at site. They shall be supported by Emergency
Management Team comprising of technical resources from Operations & Maintenance,
mechanical, electrical, instrumentation, civil, communications, technical services etc. Fire &
Safety, Security, HR (Personnel & Administration), Finance & Accounts, C&P personnel shall
also take due roles & responsibilities.
Also following coordination functions are not nominated separately but assigned to members of
Support & auxiliary services.
Human resources and Welfare Services
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Transport and Logistic Services
Media and Public relations
Operation and technical Coordination
7.3.2 On site Emergency:
ERDMP Fire Organization chart for Onsite Level -01 & Level-02 emergencies during General
shift as well as off shift hours are displayed.
1. First responder is operator or maintenance worker who on discovering fire /
explosion / gas Leak shall inform to location in-charge/ area supervisor .
2. Call for ‗HELP‘.
3. Try to extinguish or contain fire with help of nearest available fire extinguisher,
water hydrant, without endangering himself.
4. Immediately notify control room confirm location, type & extent of emergency,
numbers of injured, if any and nature if injuries, name of reporter etc.
5. Control room operator shall inform to Base In-charge who shall take charge to deal
with emergency, inform to O&M In-charge.
6. Fire coordinator shall take immediate ‗turnout‘ and action to control emergency.
7. Security coordinator shall carry out rescue operations at site and control of
personnel to those required for emergency control.
8. Shift in-charge security shall contact, Plant Manager (SIC), & Manager (Plant) HSE
Officer and apprise them about nature & extent of emergency.
9. Shift-In-charge –Security ( Main Gate) shall
Communicate emergency message to All Plant Officers
Organize arrangement for transportation of officials to site.
Inform all duty/ off duty drivers to turn up for duty.
10. Plant Manager & All other officers shall rush to site with members of Emergency
Management team and take action to mitigate / contain emergency.
11. All coordinators shall be at respective duty stations and obey instructions from PM.
12. PM will assume full responsibility of emergency action plan. He shall take decision
regarding level of emergency, start of Emergency Control Centre (ECC).
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13. PM shall take necessary emergency control measures till situation is brought under
control. He shall initiate actions & decisions regarding:
Operation & maintenance
Shut-down of plant & equipment
Evacuation of personnel
Medical assistance to injured
Assistance from mutual aid members and external agencies.
Escalation of emergency & reporting incident to district authorities
Communication & assistance to affected public.
Table 7.14: On site-Emergency Organogram & IOCL Organogram Correspondence:
SN
Emergency Organization Chart
IOC Emergency Organogram
Primary Alternate
1 Chief Incident Controller Chief Plant Manger Mgr. (Plant)
2 Site Incident Controller Mgr. (LPG-Safety) Operations Officer
3 Administration Coordinator Asst. Mgr (Plant) Asst. Mgr (Plant)
4 Communication Coordinator Mgr (Plant) Mgr. (Plant))
5 Fire & Safety Coordinator Mgr. (LPG-Safety) Operation Officer
6 Emergency Management
Team Operations &
Maintenance Mechanical
Electrical
Instrumentation
Civil
Communication Services
Safety & Maintenance Section
7 Security Coordinator Mgr (Plant) Mgr (Plant)
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8 Support & Auxiliary Services Team
HR & Welfare Coordinator
Transport & Logistics
Media & Public Relations
Medical Services
Finance Coordinator
Material Coordinator
S&D Section
Note:
1. Plant Manager shall be Chief Incident Controller for over all coordination.
2. Manager (Plant) shall be Site Incident Controller at Site.
3. All Coordinators shall report to the Site Incident Controller at site
4. All IOCL Employees working inside shall assemble at ASSEMBLY POINT
in front of Admin.
(Here after all IOCL Employees means the persons whose role is not defined in action
plan)
5. Level - 1 Emergency: This is an emergency or an incident which can be
effectively and safely managed, and contained within the site, location or installation
by the available resources. It has no impact outside the site, location or installation.
6. Level- 2 Emergency: This is an emergency or an incident which cannot be
effectively and safely managed or contained at the site, location or installation by
available resource and additional support is required. It is having, or has the potential
to have an effect beyond the site, location or installation and where external support of
mutual aid partner may be involved. It is likely to be danger to life, to the
environment, to company assets or reputation
7. Level- 3 Emergency: This is an emergency or an incident which could be
catastrophic and is likely to affect the population, property and environment inside and
outside the installation, and management and control is done by District
Administration. ―Although the Level-III emergency falls under the purview of District
Authority but till they step in, it should be responsibility of the unit to manage the
emergency.‖
7.3.3 Emergency Action Plan for Emergency during Off- Shift Hours (Including Holidays):
1. During other than office hours (including holidays) the Security In-charge shall
perform the duties of Site Incident Controller. Security at Visitor Gate shall also
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perform duties of Communication, Welfare & Medical, and Material Coordinator in
addition to his normal duties till the arrival of the concerned coordinator.
2. The Security in-charge in consultation with the site incident controller shall act upon
depending on the situation till arrival of the concerned coordinators for effective handling
of emergency. They shall take care of the safety of personnel, plant, property etc. Safe
operating procedures which are already in practice shall be followed.
3. All other non-essential personnel whose roll is not defined in the action plan shall
assemble at assembly points and wait for further instruction from CIC Control Room.
Table 7.15: Emergency Organogram during off-office hours (including holidays)
Emergency Coordinator IOCL designation
1 Chief emergency coordinator Security supervisor/Security team
2 Chief Incident Controller Chief Plant Manager
3 Site Incident Controller Manager (LPG-Safety)
4 Fire & Safety Coordinator Manager (LPG-Safety)
5 Security Coordinator Manager (Plant)
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LPG Botling Plant, Una, Organization Chart
Figure 7.5: ERDMP Organogram for Level 1 & Level 2 (Onsite) Emergencies
7.3.4. Emergency During Working Hours of Week Days
Role of Fire-In-Chief:
He has to overall manage the situation including fire fighting and rescue operation.
He has to give instructions to the various team in-charges and guide them according to the
need of the situation.
He has to give instructions to the Rescue-in-charge to call for external help, if
required.
He has to ensure successful evacuation of employees and other people from the spot of
fire to a safe place, when their lives are in danger, and
To give instruction to the combat team in-charge for displaying the green flag, when the
situation is restored to normal.
First Fire Instruction:
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In case of Fire/Leakage, the person on the spot has to stop his operation and will shout
―FIRE-FIRE‖ or ―LEAKAGE-LEAKAGE‖ as the case may be to attract the attention
of others. In case of fire, he will immediately operate the DCP FE‘s at the base of the fire.
The next person around the spot/ the next person to receive the information will then
immediately operate the nearest hand siren or MCP for spreading the alarm. MCP will
activate the electrical siren as well as shut down the electrical supply.
On hearing the hand-siren the security guard at gate no. 2 will operate the electrical fire
siren near gate no.02 and will indicate the needle on fire clock to the spot of fire. After this
the rest of the team and its members will act according to their role and as per the
instruction of the fire-in-chief.
7.3.5 Specification of Team Members And Their Duties
Combat Team
In-charge: Mgr(LPG-Safety)
Alternate In-Charge: Shed Officer.
Team Members: Carousal chargemen, Evacuation chargeman, Weight Reduction
Operator, R & D operators and their reliever, Cold Repair Chargeman, Line 1 & 2 relievers.
Duties As Per Work Station
Plant Officer/ Shed Officer: He will ensure closing of all major operations of the plant such
as Receipt, Bottling and Loading. He will then rush all the employees in the shed to the fire spot.
He will also have to advise all contract workers to move out of the plant to a designated
assembly place near Gate 01.
Receipt & Despatch Operators: They will rush to the fire spot & remove hose from the
nearest hose box and will be ready for hose handling along with Carousal chargeman as per the
instruction of the team in-charge.
Carousal Chargemen: They will close the LPG Valves of the carousal manifold and will
ensure removal of filling guns from the cylinders and reach the fire spot to be ready with fire
fighting hose.
Evacuation Chargeman: He will remove all the cylinders from the evacuation stand, put
safety caps on all the cylinders and rush to a monitor near to the fire spot and be ready for its
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use.
Cold Repair Chargeman: He will stop the machine and fix safety caps on the operating
cylinder and will rush to the fire spot. He will also occupy a monitor near to the fire spot which
is un-occupied and be ready for its use.
Weight Reduction Operator: He will rush to the fire spot and will position himself at the
nearest Deluge Valve room for operation of sprinklers.
Other Chargemen/ Operators will rush to the fire spot and will await instructions of the Fire
Combating Team In-charge. They will carry one number of 10 Kg DCP/CO2 fire
extinguisher, according to the situation from the nearest spot of their work-station to the spot of
fire.
Auxiliary Team
In-charge: Assistant Manager(P).
Alternate In-Charge: Operations Officer
Team Members: Foreman, Chargemen, Operator, Junior chargeman.
Duties As Per Work Station
Maintenance Officer: He will co-ordinate with the Fire-in-Chief and carry explosimeter to
check the presence of LPG vapour.
Product Pump House Chargeman: He will ensure that all LPG Pumps and LPG
Compressors are stopped and will then close all the valves. He will then rush to the fire spot.
TLD Chargeman: He will ensure that all TLF operations are stopped and the ROV on the TLF
liquid pipeline is also closed. He will then wait for the instructions of the Fire-in-chief to guide
the bulk trucks out through Gate no 3/ Gate no 4 (Emergency Gate).
FPH Chargeman: He will watch the discharge pressure of Fire Fighting Pumps and will
monitor auto-start of fire-fighting pumps as per the requirement. In case of non-starting of
fire-fighting pumps on auto, the same are to be started manually under instructions from the
team in-charge.
PMCC Electrician: He will keep track of the situation & restore power supply once all clear
is declared.
Security Supervisor: He will keep the registers of all labour and will guide the truck crew
and labors out from the plant.
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Gantry Security Guard At Gate No 2: He will guide the TT crew / labourers to the assembly
zone near Gate no 02 & take a head count.
Maintenance Chargemen/ Operator: He will position additional 10 Kg DCPs FE‘x, Fire
Hoses, all kind of nozzles, etc., near the fire spot.
Security Supervisor: He will send two security guards from Gate 02 to the emergency gates 06
& 07 and one security guard from Gate 03 to the emergency gate 04, along with keys).
Emergency gates are to be opened only on receiving instruction from the fire-in-chief.
Rescue Team
Incharge: Manager (F)
Alternate In-Charge: Sr. Business Assistant .
Team Members: 2 Assistants & 2 BCWs
Duties As Per Work Station
Senior Asst. (F): He will bring Public Address System & Helmet to the fire Spot and will
handover the same to Fire-in-chief.
Senior Asst. (F): He will rush First-Aid, Emergency Rescue Kit, Fire Entry Suit, Stretcher etc.
to the fire spot.
Senior Asst. (F): He will position the Red and Green flag at the fire spot. He will also
segregate the area into ―Safe‖ and ―Unsafe‖ using barricading tapes.
Rescue Team In-Charge: He will confirm from Fire-in-chief whether to contact Fire
Brigade, Police, Hospitals, etc. He will also send one member for controlling traffic at the
main gate of the Plant.
S&D Officer: He will position himself in Control Room for outside communication.
7.3.6. Off site Emergency:
IOCL LPG Bottling Plant, UNA Himachal Pradesh is notified as a ‗Major Accident
Hazard‘ installation under Manufacture Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemicals
MSIHC rules, 1989 of EPA. Therefore, it is required to formulate an Off-site Emergency Plan.
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During offsite emergency chief incident controller will coordinate with district authorities for
effective coordination of District crisis management group as per the District disaster
Management plan circulated.
7.3.7. Roles & responsibilities:
During an emergency situation, Roles & Responsibilities (duties) of IOCL personnel‘s are
defined below:-
Chief Incident Controller ( Plant Manger):
1. Preparation, review & Updating of ERDMP Document as per Check list-5 (ERDMP
available with the facility)
2. Assessment of Situation, declaration of emergency and activate the action plan.
3. Mobilization of main coordinators & key personnel at respective locations
4. Activation of Emergency Control Centre (ECC).
5. Depending on seriousness of the emergency, seek assistance mutual aid members &
external agencies like Police, Fire Brigade, Hospitals etc.
6. Exercise control of the unaffected areas.
7. Continuously review and monitor the emergency situation.
8. Direct shutdown of Plant and evacuation of personnel as and when necessary.
9. Ensure that injured are receiving prompt medical treatment, take stock of casualties, if
any and that relatives are properly informed / advised.
10. Ensure correct accounting and position of personnel.
11. Taking decision in consultation with district authorities, when the Off-Site Emergency to be
declared.
12. Regulate vehicular movement in the Plant.
13. Arrange for chronological records of the incident / emergency.
14. If emergency is prolonged, arrange for replacement of emergency handling personnel.
15. Authorize statements to external agencies, media.
16. In case of escalation of situation which may leads to damage to nearby population
inform district authorities to warn nearby population.
17. Ensure that incidents are investigated and recommendations are implemented.
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Site Incident Controller (Manager -Plant):
The Site Incident Controller (SIC) shall be identified by the Chief Incident Controller and
will report directly to him. Shed Incharge will act as SIC at their respective Area till the
arrival of SIC. Responsibilities of the Site Incident Controller shall include the following:-He
shall put in action workable emergency control plan, establish emergency control centre,
organize and equip the organization with ERDMP and train the personnel.
1. Immediately on knowing about the emergency, he shall proceed to the site.
2. Assess the level of emergency and apprise CIC / ECC about situation
3. Activate the emergency procedure / control plan as required.
4. Direct all operations within the affected area as per priority
5. Ensure affected area is cordoned off and all non-essential workers in the affected area are
evacuated to the assembly point.
6. Ensure search, rescue and fire fighting operation are started.
7. Minimize damage to plant, property & environment
8. Alert medical centre and any specialist support as required.
Administration and Communication Coordinator (Operations Officer):
Communications Coordinator shall ensure that:
1. ECC communication equipment and systems are maintained to a high standard and
functional throughout the emergency.
2. Back-up communication system is available in the event of the ECC Room is not
3. available.
4. Providing quality and diverse communication systems for use in routine and emergency
situations.
Fire Safety Coordinator – (DSO):
1. Activate local Siren(s).
2. Rush to the site and take charge of fire and rescue operations.
3. Work in close association with site incident controller / chief incident controller.
4. Render technical guidance and logistics to fire personnel.
5. Establish danger zone and arrange barricading if necessary.
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6. Ensure sufficient fire fighting chemicals and rescue equipment‘s are available at site.
7. Ensure that fire water pump house is manned and sufficient hydrant pressure in fire
water mains and monitor water level in reservoir.
8. Arrange for additional fighting resources help from mutual aid partners & other fire
services if necessary, in consultation with site incident controller.
9. Coordinate with outside fire brigades and agencies for fire fighting / rescue operations.
10. Ensure that casualties are promptly sent to first aid Centre / hospital.
Support & Auxiliary Services Coordinator
1. Rush to his office and take charge of medical, welfare and media.
2. Activate medical Centre and render first aid to the injured by assigning first-aid personnel
to specific duties.
3. Arrange additional medical supplies, drugs and equipment‘s, spares for fire fighting,
as required.
4. Arrange ambulance for transporting casualties and coordinate with hospitals for prompt
medical attention to casualties.
5. Keep all the vehicles and drivers in readiness and send vehicles as per
6. requirement of different coordinators and officials. to mobilize transport to various
teams for facilitating the response measures;
7. to monitor entry and exit of authorized personnel into and out of premises;
8. Head Counts at assembly points.
9. Take care of public relation, inform relatives of injured.
10. Arrange canteen facilities and proper food / refreshment.
11. Arrange to meet emergency clothing requirement.
12. Arrange to contact the families of the injured.
13. Maintaining public relation and arrange media briefing wherever necessary
14. To control the mob outside, if any, with the assistance of the police and to provide
administrative and logistics assistance to various teams;
15. Issue press statement with the approval of Competent Authority / OIC.
16. Take help of welfare bodies, social organizations, NGO‘s, local administrations, blood
bank, blood donors, hospitals, doctors, ambulance services, water supply department,
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transport hire service, catering services as per requirement.
17. Inform police, civil authorities, statutory authorities etc. with the approval of CIC.
18. Also, inform to Human Resources and Welfare Services Coordinator. Transport and
Logistics Services Coordinator, Media and Public Relations Coordinator, Operations and
Technical Coordinator.
(a) Haulage & House Keeping Team (Mechanical):
1. Rush to the site.
2. Work in close association with site incident controller.
3. Assist site incident controller in assessing scale of emergency and take corrective action to
minimize damage to equipment/ Plant in consultation with other coordinators.
4. Ensure that key mechanical personnel are present at site with proper tools.
5. Render technical guidance and logistics to mechanical personnel.
(b) Electrical contractor :
1. Rush to the site.
2. Work in close association with site incident controller.
3. Assist site incident controller in assessing scale of emergency and take corrective action to
minimize damage to equipment/Plant in consultation with other coordinators.
4. Ensure that key instrument personnel are present at site with proper tools.
5. Render technical guidance and logistics to instrument personnel.
6. Provide assistance to control room engineer for Plant shut down/instrument control
requirement.
7. Ensure that key electrical personnel are present at site with proper tools.
8. Render technical guidance and logistics to electrical personnel.
9. Ensure electric supply of affected equipment/area isolated if required.
10. Ensure proper lighting is provided during handling of emergency if required.
(c) Operations Coordinator
He shall proceed to control room immediately.
1. Assess the situation and apprise chief incident controller, site incident controller and
other key persons about the emergency situation
2. He shall handle Plant operations under directions of CIC.
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3. He shall direct Emergency management team for appropriate action.
4. He shall monitor all critical process parameters, alarms and ensure safety of Plant &
equipment‘s.
5. Warn all the employees in the affected shed /Plant area and evacuate them to assembly
point if need arises.
6. Assign Time recorder to start Log of emergency as well as time recording.
7. Initiate rescue activities; and first aid need to be given to injured persons pending arrival
of ambulance.
8. Notify the adjacent areas.
9. Ensure that only persons having authorized duties enter their area
Security Coordinator (S&D Officer):
Security Coordinator reports to CIC / SIC and is responsible for security of installation during
emergency. He shall ensure that systematic efforts are launched and no confusion or
panic is created. He shall carry out following actions:
1. Assist F&S department in evacuation and escorting workers & visitors to assembly
areas.
2. Maintain security of premises in the event of evacuation.
3. Maintain the law and order; assist authorities in case of public unrest.
4. Close all gates, control traffic and allow only authorized persons to enter in consultation
with site incident controller / shift coordinator.
5. Cordon off the area of accident and coordinate with external security personnel if
necessary.
6. Direct the external help / authorities to respective coordinators.
7. Keep contact with security in order to seek mutual assistance as required.
7.3.8. Maintenance of ERDMP Records.
S&M Section maintains records for all kind of emergencies covering near Miss, Level-I,
Level-II and Level-III. Safety Officer will maintain separate registers for Incident Record,
Near Miss, Preliminary Accident report file etc. at their respective Base Stations.
Post–disaster documentation like resources deployed, relief, rehabilitation measures and lesson
learned to avoid re-occurrence of any such emergency need to be prepared by Safety Officer.
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7.3.9. Time Recorder
An officer shall be assigned the responsibility is to maintain an accurate time record of key
information received from the incident or emergency location and to record the actions initiated
by the site incident controller and for implementing the emergency response actions below:
1. to record key incident events / actions on incident status board / display manually or
electronically;
2. to maintain essential equipment checklist status;
3. to ensure all status and information is up to date and correctly displayed;
4. to take all necessary recorded material to the alternate ECC room in the event of
emergency in main ECC room; and
5. To maintain a log book.
7.3.10. Communications Services.
1. The Communications Coordinator shall ensure the following actions below:
Ensuring the ECC equipment and systems are maintained to a high standard and remain
functional throughout the emergency.
Ensuring a back-up communication system is available in the event of the ECC Room is not
available.
Providing quality and diverse communication systems for use in
routine and emergency situations.
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7.3.11. Communication Flow Chart
Note:
1. The Communication flow chart shown above is a typical communication flow chart for
notification of emergency.
2. Wherever communication exists for any level of emergency, it automatically implies that
the communication exists for all higher levels of emergencies.
Flow of Information:
(a) Control Centre shall receive the information form field either in person or from the various
systems available in the installation.
(b) On receipt of information, the control room/ Shed Incharge will actuate the ERDMP and
notify the emergency to site incident controller.
(c) Control room shift in-charge will act as site incident controller till arrival of designated
person.
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(d) SIC or CIC depending upon the level of emergency will activate the ERDMP and inform
the concerned authorities as depicted above in the chart.
(a) ECC /Control Room In Charge:
1. Inform to respective sections/coordinators about the emergency.
2. Inform Chief incident controller, site incident controller.
3. Take suitable action to protect the Plant in consultation with site incident
controller, Section Operations.
4. Communicate message (telephone) to person(s) working in area/Plant.
5. Clearly note down type of emergency and the location.
6. Inform State Emergency coordinators as per emergency telephone list.
(b) Public Relations In charge:
A competent and well equipped Public Relations / Information officer well trained in media
relations shall be assigned responsibility of interacting with media, government agencies, local
organizations and the general public. Initial releases shall be restricted to statements of facts
such as the name of the installation involved, type and quantity of spill, time of spill, and
countermeasure actions being taken. All facts must be stated clearly and consistently to
everyone. Plans shall also be developed to utilize local media and television stations for
periodic announcements during an emergency. This shall also assist in reducing rumours and
speculation.
Role of Police Department
Police Control Room on receiving the emergency message shall communicate to District, Civil
and Police Officials on wireless network. On arriving at facility they shall help in following
manner:
They shall help in traffic control, provisions of alternate traffic within the area of
responsibility.
Helping in evacuation of persons and domestic animals in the affected area.
Preventing unauthorised entry of the personnel in the affected area.
Controlling bystanders, identifying the dead and dealing with causalities and informing
relatives of death or injury.
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Role of Fire Service
It is the responsibility of Chief Fire In-charge to call for external help like fire brigade, Police
and help from ―neighbouring industries‖, in case of a probability of a major hazard. Till the
arrival of the Chief fire officer of the area, the Chief Fire In-charge will supervise the rescue and
fire fighting operations.
However, after the arrival of the CFO, the CFO shall take command. Chief fire In-charge shall
help him in the fire fighting work. Fire service on advice of Chief fire In-charge shall also
contact agencies to render assistance for fighting fire, arranging for rescue, evacuation and
medical aid.
Keeping the above in view, fire service shall familiarise themselves with the location of onsite
stores of flammable materials, water and other fire fighting equipment. As such, the brigade is
familiar with the installation.
Role of District Authorities
Following action shall be taken by the district authorities:
Evacuation of nearby villages when required.
Arranging for transportation of victims to hospitals and coordinating with hospitals for
admitting the victims.
Arranging for education of the people nearby, regarding the possibilities.
To nominate the persons to be contacted during disasters for coordinating of various activities.
Arranging for additional fire tenders from nearby areas.
Emergency DO'S AND DON'TS
DO'S DON'TS Any One
Noticing
An Emergency
Situation
Actuate nearest fire alarm manual call
point and /or inform CR/Fire Station on
telephone or inform the supervisor. Wait
till arrival of fire crew and direct then to
the site of emergency. Then report to the
assembly point.
DO NOT panic and avoid
running all over the place,
prevent other from doing so.
DO NOT enter the site unless
instructed or all clear
siren/message is heard. Contractor
Personnel
Stop work on hearing alarm. Assemble at the
ASSEMBLY POINT and be ready to
evacuate.
DO NOT enters the site, till it is
cleared for the normal work
by site incident controller.
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DO'S DON'TS Security
Keep the gate manned; Keep the road clear
for movement of fire tenders. Control
traffic at gates.
DO NOT allow
unauthorized visitors free to
enter. Visitors Leave the place and assemble at assembly
point.
DO NOT enter the site if
emergency alarm is heard.
All
Other
Employees On
Site
On hearing FIRE alarm, go to assembly
point and wait for further instruction.
DO NOT panic. DO NOT go to
the site of emergency unless
specifically instructed by site
main/incident controller.
List of Coordinators and Their Contact Numbers
Name Designation Grade Location Mobile No
Mr. Satnam Singh CPM E Una BP 8427588996
Mr. Rakesh Kumar Sood MGR(PLANT) C Una BP 9464306545
Mr. Naresh Kumar MGR(FIN) C Una BP 9034083920
Mr. Amit Sharma MGR(LPG-SAF) C Una BP 9736023387
Mr. Hans Raj Kaundel AM(PLANT) B Una BP 8894585801
Mr. Sanjeev Kant Kashyap AM(PLANT) B Una BP 9416400615
Mr. Anant Kumar Singh Ops Officer A Una BP 9816637695
Mr. Ashok Kumar Balmiki Sr. Optr.(F) 6 Una BP 9906228852
Mr. Hardeep Singh FMAN(F) 5 Una BP 9779740206
Mr. Anand Singh FMAN(F) 5 Una BP 7589093413
Mr. S Kumar Sundhu SR.BUS.ASST. 5 Una BP 9816845199
Mr. Balu Ram F'MAN 5 Una BP 9356823015
Mr. Jasvir Singh CMAN(T) 4 Una BP 9417315508
Mr. Rajesh Kumar Sharma CMAN(T) 4 Una BP 9805621386
Mr. Puneet Pathania BUS.ASST. 4 Una BP 9416966128
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Mr. Vipen Sharma C'MAN 4 Una BP 9465585330
Mr. Manoj Kumar OPTR 2 Una BP --
Mr. Vijay Kumar JR OPTR 1 Una BP 9023930893
Mr. Sachin Pal JR OPTR 1 Una BP 8010450097
Mr. Bhupender Singh Rawat JR.OPTR 1 Una BP --
Mr. Pankaj Chaudhary JR.OPTR 1 Una BP --
Mr. Ashish Sharma JR.OPTR 1 Una BP --
Mr. Amrinder Singh JR.OPTR 1 Una BP --
(Address & Telephone directory of Civic Authorities)
Sl No. Name Designation Office Ph Nos.
District Administration
1 DC Office DC, UNA 01975-225800
2 SP Office SP, UNA 01975-225056
Police Administration
1 S P Office SP, UNA 01975-225056
2 Police Station Choki Incharge,
Mehatpur 01975-232012
Health/Hospital
1 Hospital UNA Government Primary
Health Centre 01975-223068
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External Resources:
Particulars Name Address Ph. No.
1. Fire Station Fire Station Una 01975-228101
2. Ambulance Ambulance,
Basdehra
Basdehra, Mehatpur,
Una
9816173330
3. Hospitals Government General
Hospital Una
01975-223068
4. Police Station CHOKI
INCHARGE
Mehatpur 01975-232012
5. Drug Stores Sahore Medical
Store
Basdehra 9318510617
6.District Administration
/ Collector
Shri Abhishek
Kumar
Una 01975-225800
7. Availability of Cranes
Ravinder Singh Tahliwal 9816645407
8. Local PWD / CPWD Water supplies,
sand, morum,
vehicles etc.
Assistant Engineer Mehatpur 9418142431
9. Local Army, Navy, Air Force authorities
Not available in
Mehatpur
-- --
10. Any major industry nearby
Nil -- --
Identification of Communication Resources:
Particulars Name Address Ph. No.
1.Public Address
System
Not available -- --
2. Retail Outlets Mehatpur Filling Station Mehatpur 9815537711
3. RailwayStation Station Supertendent Railway Station Una 9459509495
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4. Power Houses Assistant Engineer Mehatpur 01975-238509
5. Civil Authorities Shri Abhishek Kumar
Una 01975-225800
Siren codes:
(1) The Emergency siren/s should be located suitably to cover the whole area with the
operational control within the installation. These should be tested at least once in a week
to keep them in working condition.
(2) Emergency siren code should be as follows, namely: -
(a) Emergency Level-I: A wailing siren for two minutes.
(b) Emergency Level-II and III: Same type of siren as in case of Level – I and II but the same
will be sounded for three times at the interval of one minutes i.e.( wailing siren 2min +
gap 1 min + wailing siren 2min + gap 1min + wailing siren 2min) total duration of
Disaster siren to be eight minutes.
(c) ALL CLEAR: Straight run siren for two minutes.
(d) TEST: Straight run siren for two minutes at frequency at least once a Week.
The above siren codes are displayed at prominent places of the plant.
Note: For more details ERDMP as per PNGRB Regulation available with the facility.
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CHAPTER8: PROJECT BENEFITS
8.1 Project Benefits
The Proposed augmentation project will have indirect positive impact on surrounding area which
is as mentioned below:
Augmentation will be carried out within existing premises; hence no displacement of people
is required
Substantial Socio-economic benefits
Good Techno-commercial viability
Around the project site semi-skilled and unskilled workmen are expected to be available
from local population in these areas to meet the manpower requirement during construction
phase.
Infrastructural facilities will be improved due to the project
Secondary employment will be generated thereby benefiting locals
Thus a significant benefit to the socio-economic environment is likely to be created due to the
project.
8.2 Improvements in the Physical Infrastructure
The project will improve supply position of LPG in Himachal Pradesh State.
Maintain continuity of LPG gas cylinder supply to the consumers through distributors.
Increase the days cover for LPG storage.
Safety measures for hazard detection and prevention system will be upgraded as per OISD-
144/OISD-150.
By adding 2x600 MT Mounded Bullets, risk profile of the existing plant will not be
enhanced.
Discourage deforestation and reduce the use of fire wood and fossil fuels.
Establishment of large developmental projects improve the availability of the physical
infrastructures like approach roads, drainage, communication and transportation facilities etc.
8.3 Improvements in the Social Infrastructure
IOCL Una LPG Plant shall take up some community welfare activities under Corporate Social
Responsibility and also improve the social infrastructures like education and health care system
etc.
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8.4 Employment Potential
The project shall provide employment potential under unskilled, semi-skilled and skilled
categories. The employment potential shall increase with the start of construction activities,
reach a peak during construction phase and then reduce with completion of construction
activities.
The direct employment opportunities with IOCL are extremely limited and the opportunities
exist mainly with the contractors and sub-contractors. These agencies will be persuaded to
provide the jobs to local persons on a preferential basis wherever feasible.
8.5 CSR and Socio-Economic Development
IOCLnot only carries out business but also understands the obligations towards the society. The
unit is aware of the obligations towards the society and to fulfill the social obligations unit will
employ semi-skilled and unskilled labor from the nearby villages for the proposed augmentation
project as far as possible. Unit will also try to generate maximum indirect employment in the
nearby villages by appointing local contractors during construction phase as well as during
operation phase. The Project Proponents will contribute reasonably as part of their Corporate
Social Responsibility (CSR) in and will carry out various activities in nearby villages.
Completed and proposed CSR activities by IOCL for the proposed expansion are shown in the
following table:
Table 8.1: CSR Activities by IOCL
Sr.
No.
CSR activities in
vicinity of plant Place
Approx
Expenditure
(In Lakhs)
Status
Completed CSR
1
Solar LED street
Lights
Village Raipur
Sahoran&Charatgarh, Distt Una 12 Completed
2 Public Toilets Village Raipur Sahoran, Distt Una 9 Completed
3
Solar LED street
Lights Village Pikhubella, Distt Una 17 Completed
4
Solar LED street
Lights
Village AbadaBarana,
Jankaur&Sunehara, Distt Una 17 Completed
Proposed CSR
5
Tube-well for stray
cattle shed Village Raipur Sahoran, Distt Una 1 Proposed
6
Solar LED street
Lights
Village Sasan, Khanpur,
Lamlehra&Bhadoli Kalan, Distt
Una 15 Proposed
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8.6 Direct Revenue Earning to the National and State Exchequer
This project will contribute additional revenue to the Central and State exchequer in the form of
excise duty, income tax, state sales tax or VAT, tax for interstate movement, corporate taxes etc.
Indirect contribution to the Central and State exchequer will be there due to Income by way of
registration of trucks, payment of road tax, income tax from individual as well as taxes from
associated units. Thus, the proposedagumentation project will help the Government by paying
different taxes from time to time, which is a part of revenue and thus, will help in developing the
area.
8.7 Other Tangible Benefits
Both tangible and non-tangible benefits will result from this activity and many of those are
described above. Apart from direct employment, many other benefits will accrue like
Erosion control by nalla training, terracing and bunding
Flood control by rain-water arresting, and harvesting
Aesthetics improvement by general greening with emphasis on biodiversity
Developed economy strengthens democratic set-up.
Developed economy brings with it literacy and healthful living
Improved safety-security in surrounding with better Law and Order
Symbiosis and sustainable development will be the ultimate objective
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CHAPTER 9: ENVIRONMENTAL COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS
Not recommended at the Scoping stage
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CHAPTER 10. ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN
10.1 Introduction
The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) provides an essential link between predicted
impacts and mitigation measures during implementation and operational activities. EMP outlines
the mitigation, monitoring and institutional measures to be taken during project implementation
and operation to avoid or mitigate adverse environmental impacts, and the actions needed to
implement these measures.
The likely impacts on various components of environment due to the project during
developmental activities have been identified and measures for their mitigation are suggested.
The EMP lists all the requirements to ensure effective mitigation of every potential biophysical
and socio-economic impact identified in the EIA. For each attribute, or operation, which could
otherwise give rise to impact, the following information is presented:
A comprehensive listing of the mitigation measures
Parameters that will be monitored to ensure effective implementation of the action
Timing for implementation of the action to ensure that the objectives of mitigation are
fully met
The EMP comprises a series of components covering direct mitigation and environmental
monitoring, an outline waste management plan and a project site restoration plan. Therefore,
environmental management plan has been prepared for each of the above developmental
activities.
10.2 EMP during Construction Phase
Environmental pollution during construction stage will be limited and for a temporary period
during the construction activity. Construction shall be planned in such a way that excavated
material shall be disposed safely. The manpower required for these activities shall preferably be
employed from nearby villages so that avenues of employment will be open to local people.
Directly or indirectly all the environmental components get affected due to the construction
activity. The following environmental protection and enhancement measures are suggested for
implementation by the contractor or the authority during the construction as applicable.
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10.2.1 Air Environment
The construction work will generate dust which will be controlled by periodical sprinkling of
water during working period.
The site will be provided with adequate and suitable sanitary facilities to maintain proper
standard of hygiene for construction workers.
The solid waste generated during construction activities will be sold back to supplier.
The hazardous material will be stored, handled & disposed of according to the guidelines of
HWMR Rules 2016 and subsequent amendment.
Diesel and other fuels would be stored in separate earmarked area as per the said guidelines.
10.2.2 Noise Environment
Complete construction work especially heavy work will be done during day time.
Vehicular movement carrying raw materials will be avoided during night time.
The vehicles will be regularly maintained and optimum use of the same will be made.
Adequate PPE‘s (ear plugs, ear muffs, helmet, mask etc) will be provided to the workers.
PUC certified vehicles will be used.
10.2.3 Water Environment
Measures will be implemented to prevent seepage of liquid materials into ground where it
could contaminate groundwater;
Ensure prompt cleaning up of accidental spillages
Measures will be followed to prevent the contamination of hydrological features by diesel,
grease, oil, etc. derived from the working area.
The machinery / equipment will be maintained in a good operating condition;
Specially designated areas will be created for vehicle maintenance;
Accidental spillages will be cleaned up promptly.
Curing water will be sprayed and after liberal curing, all concrete structures will be covered
with gunny bags this will conserves water
Provisions will be made to ensure the construction vehicles stick to the access track to
prevent mud & dirt being deposited on roads
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Fence will be constructed around the site to trap sediments whilst allowing the water to flow
through.
All mud & dirt deposited on the roads from the construction activities will be cleaned.
Adopting good construction and engineering practices will help in mitigating the water
pollution.
10.2.4 Land Environment
Special care will be taken during deliveries of construction materials, especially when fuels
and hazardous materials are being handled
The solid wastes such as paints, lubricants, oil or any other non-biodegradable wastes that
have leachable constituents will be disposed to authorized recyclers.
A waste management plan shall be prepared or integrated with existing plan before the
commissioning, implemented and monitored. In areas, where soil quality for natural
vegetation is of critical concern, loosening of soil in such areas will be done to mitigate soil
compaction caused due to operation of heavy machinery.
10.2.5 Biological Environment
The region does not have dense vegetation and landuse is dominated by agriculture activities.
Following environmentalmanagement measures are recommended to mitigate adverse impacts
on biological environment during construction phase:
Native species will be preferred for plantation in addition to beautification plants/species.
10.2.6 Socio-economic Environment
Given that the project and related developments like construction camps will not be dependent
on local resources (power, water), during both construction and operations, the only likely
impact on infrastructure would be on the roads, during the construction phase. Considering the
high traffic emanating during construction phase an effective traffic management scheme will be
put in place to avoid congestion on the nearby and local roads. Local persons will get
employment during Construction phase.
102.7 Health and Safety
The movement of heavy equipment will be undertaken with proper precaution to prevent any
accidents on the road. Occupational risk shall be minimized at the project site through
implementation of a full proof safety system. Speed limit set for movement of vehicles with
20 km/hr on village roads to reduce risks of accidents or injuries.
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Safety training shall be provided to all construction workers on operation of equipment.
Security shall also be extended during non-working hours to ensure there is controlled access
to the machinery and equipment.
The contractors shall also be vigilant to detect workers showing symptoms of communicable
diseases. Health checkup of the contract labors shall be done/ recorded at times. All illness
and incidents shall be reported and recorded.
10.3 EMP during Operation Phase
In order to mitigate the impacts due to capacity expansion of facility on various environmental
components, the following environmental management measures are recommended:
10.3.1 Air Environment
Leak detection and repair (LDAR) program has been implemented in the facility and shall be
extended for the proposed Mounded Storage Bullets system
Ambient air quality with respect to PM, SO2, NOx, H2S, CO and HC monitoring shall be
continued in the impact zone as per regulations
All access roads (internal as well as external) is being used by the project authorities have
been paved (either with WBM, concrete or bitumen) to suppress the dust generation along
the roads.
There is no continuous source of air pollutant from the operation of IOCL LPG bottling
plant. The sources of air pollutants are limited to the DG Sets and diesel engine driven Fire
water pumps. These sources of air pollutants are intermittent. During operation, these sources
would emit the exhaust gases.
Adequate stack height is installed on the D.G. set, while no additional D.G. set is proposed
for the proposed augmentation.
The existing facility operates in a well proven leak proof system, thus there is no continuous
source of fugitive emission from the process
10.3.2 Noise Environment
Similar measures as proposed in the construction phase for noise making machinery, to ensure
practicably low noise levels within the work environment.
The major areas of concern for noise generation have already been adequately addressed by
considering it during procurement of the machinery from vendors, project implementation
stage. Further feedback from the monitored noise levels at sensitive locations will be taken to
ensure that the impact due to high noise levels is practically minimized.
Regular Monitoringof noise levels for compliance with HSE regulations
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Conducting periodic audiometric tests for employees working close to high noise levels.
Provision of PPE‘s shall be continued to be done and their proper usage will be ensured for
eardrum protection of the workers as well as visitors
Acoustic barriers and silencers shall be used in equipment wherever necessary
Sound proofing/ glass paneling have been provided at critical operating stations/ control
rooms, etc.
Monitoring of ambient noise levels shall also be continued to be carried out regularly both
inside the facility area as well as outside the peripheral greenbelt
10.3.3 Water Environment
For treatment of domestic sewage, STP has already beenprovided. Treated water is being
utilized for greenbelt/plantation
There are/will be no industrial effluent generated in this plant. However, waste water being
generated during washing of empty cylinders shall be re-circulated/ re-used after treatment.
There shall be no increase in quantity of waste water generation from operation of proposed
Mounded Bullets.
Rain Water Harvesting: The rain water harvesting program has been implemented in LPG
bottling plant. The system has been developed around the admn. Building, Truck Parking
area, Cold Repair shed, Empty cylinder shed in the plant. The practice shall be continued and
extended further.
10.3.4 Land Environment
Greenbelt in and around the facility will be strengthened/maintained
A record w.r.t quantity, quality and treatment/management of solid/hazardous waste shall be
continued to be maintained at environmental monitoring cell.
10.3.5 Solid/Hazardous Waste Management
Practically, no Solid Waste shall be generated from operation of proposed Bullets.
Used oil (5 LPM shall be disposed of through registered vendors as per Handling of Waste
Material and Transboundary Rules, 2016 and subsequent amendments
Page 181
EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 170
Sr.
No.
Schedule I
Category No. Type Qty Method of Disposal
1 Sch. 5.1 – Used Oil 5 LPM To be disposed off as per
HPPCB norms
10.3.6 Biological Environment
Development of green belt with carefully selected plant species is of prime importance due to
their capacity to reduce noise and air pollution impacts by attenuation/assimilation and for
providing food and habitat for local micro fauna.
10.3.7 Socio-economic Environment
In order to mitigate the impacts likely to arise out of the proposed augmentation project and also
to maintain good will of local people, steps will be taken for improving the social environment.
Necessary social welfare measures by the industry shall be undertaken in gaining public
confidence and to meet local area development requirement. The following measures are
suggested:
IOCL shall continue to undertake social welfare programs for the betterment of the Quality
of Life of villages around in collaboration with the local bodies
Some basic amenities, viz. education, safe drinking water supply to the nearby villages may
be taken up
Regular medical checkup shall be continued at times in the villages around the facility
Focus shall be on to educate villagers regarding safety measure provided in the plant.
10.3 Rain Water Harvesting
Within the plant premises there is two numbers of ground water recharge pit. Rain water pipes of
rooftop of Administrative building, Electrical Substation buildings have been connected, so that
rainwater will flow to the ground pits of size 3m x 3m x 2m which would recharge ground water
and will help to maintain the water table of the area. Similar rain water harvesting system is
provided for the Canteen building.
We have also made an underground tank of 63 KL capacity for collecting rain water which is
used by the IOCL for gardening purpose. The size of tank is 5 m x 5m x 2.5m.
10.5 Corporate Social Responsibility
Completed and proposed CSR activities by IOCL for the proposed expansion are shown in the
following table
Page 182
EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 171
Sr.
No.
CSR activities in vicinity of
plant Place
Approx
Expenditure
(In Lakhs)
Status
1 Solar LED street Lights
Village Raipur
Sahoran&Charatgarh, Distt Una 12 Completed
2 Public Toilets
Village Raipur Sahoran, Distt
Una 9 Completed
3 Solar LED street Lights Village Pikhubella, Distt Una 17 Completed
4 Solar LED street Lights
Village AbadaBarana,
Jankaur&Sunehara, Distt Una 17 Completed
5
Tube-well for stray cattle
shed
Village Raipur Sahoran, Distt
Una 1 Proposed
6 Solar LED street Lights
Village Sasan, Khanpur,
Lamlehra&Bhadoli Kalan, Distt
Una 15 Proposed
Figure 10.1: Photographs of Different CSR Activity
Solar LED Street Lights
Village Raipur Sahoran
Public Toilets
Village Raipur Sahoran
Page 183
EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 172
CHAPTER 11. DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS ENGAGED
11.1 Consultants Engaged
This EIA report is prepared on behalf of the proponents, taking inputs from proponent‘s office
staff, their R and D wing, Architects, Project Management Professionals etc. by Environmental
Consultants M/s. Ultra-Tech Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory, Thane.
M/s Ultra-Tech Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory:
Ultra-Tech Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory [Lab Gazetted by MoEF – Govt. of
India] not only give environmental solutions for sustainable development, but make sure that
they are economically feasible. With innovative ideas and impact mitigation measures offered,
make them distinguished in environmental consulting business. The completion of tasks in
record time is the key feature of Ultra-Tech. A team of more than hundred environmental
brigadiers consists of engineers, experts, ecologists, hydrologists, geologists, socio-economic
experts, solid waste and hazard waste experts apart from environmental media sampling and
monitoring experts and management experts , strive hard to serve the clients with up to mark and
best services.
Ultra-Tech offers environmental consultancy services to assist its clients to obtain environmental
clearance for their large buildings, construction, CRZ, SEZ, high rise buildings, township
projects and industries covering sugar and distilleries from respective authorities.
Ultra-Tech also provide STP/ETP/WTP project consultancy on turn-key basis apart from
Operation and Maintenance of these projects on annual contract basis. Also, having MoEF
approved environmental laboratory, Ultra-Tech provide laboratory services for monitoring and
analysis of various environmental media like air, water, waste water, stack, noise and
meteorological data to its clients all over India and abroad.
The EIA team involved for the proposed EIA Report is as mentioned in Table 11.1.
Table 11.1: EIA Team
SN Name of the expert Area of functional Expert (NABET Accredited)
1 Mr.Timir Shah EIA Coordinator (Upto 28.02.2018)
2 Mr. Ramsushil Mishra EIA Coordinator from 01-05-2018
3 Mr. Shekhar Manohar Tamhane Air Pollution
4 Mr. Shekhar Manohar Tamhane Water Pollution
5 Mrs. Deepa Tamhane (Karnik) Solid Hazardous Waste
6 Dr. T. K. Ghosh Ecology and Biodiversity
7 Mr. Yogesh Raskar Socio Economic and Land Use
8 Mr. Debasish Sengupta Team Member
9 Mrs. Pamela Chowdhury Team Member
Page 184
EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 173
Functional area experts and assistance to FAE involved in the EIA study for ―M/s.Indian Oil
Corporation Ltd.‖ is as shown in Table 11.2:
Table 11.2: EIA Coordinator and Functional Area Experts Involved in the EIA
S.N. Name Of
Sector
Name Of
Project
Name Of
Client
Name Of
EIA
Coordinator
Signature Functional Area Experts Involved
FA Name/s Signature
1. Schedule 6
(b)
Category
‗B‘
Proposed
augmentati
on in LPG
Bulk
Storage
capacity at
LPG
Bottling
Plant at
Mehatpur,
Una,
Himachal
Pradesh
M/s.Indian
Oil
Corporation
Limited
Mr.Timir Shah
(Upto
28.02.2018)
AP Mr.Shekhar
Manohar
Tamhane
WP Mr.Shekhar
Manohar
Tamhane
EB Dr. T. K.
Ghosh
Mr. Ramsushil
Mishra
(From 01-05-
2018)
SE
Mr. Yogesh
Raskar
SHW Mrs. Deepa
Tamhane
(Karnik)
Associate:
Mr.Timir
Shah
LU
Mr. Yogesh
Raskar
RH Ms. Ashwini
Ganvir
Team
Members
Mr.
Debasish
Sengupta
Mrs.
Pamela
Chowdhury
Page 185
EIA Report for LPG Bottling Plant Una, Himachal Pradesh 174
11.2 Laboratory for Analysis
NAME OF LABORATORY SCOPE OF SERVICES ACCREDITATION
STATUS
ENVIRON-TECH
Monitoring and Analysis of:
Ambient Air Monitoring
Stack Emission Monitoring
Bore Water(Analysis)
Domestic and Potable
Water(Analysis)
Waste Water(Analysis)
VALIDITY
23.04.2019