VOICES OF IMMIGRATION IN THE USA Universidad Católica de Salta 6 y 7 de junio de 2014 Proyecto de investigación UCASAL: “Identidad y migración en discursos anglófonos” Lic. M. Fernanda Irrazábal Prof. y Trad Públ. Ma. Soledad Loutayf Trad. Públ. Ma. Marta Michel
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VOICES OF IMMIGRATION IN THE USA
Universidad Católica de Salta
6 y 7 de junio de 2014
Proyecto de investigación UCASAL:
“Identidad y migración en discursos anglófonos”
Lic. M. Fernanda Irrazábal
Prof. y Trad Públ. Ma. Soledad Loutayf
Trad. Públ. Ma. Marta Michel
The aim of this workshop is to share the
voices of latino immigrants in the USA in
two articles published by The New York
Times with a view to rethinking metaphor
and hybrid identities and culture.
THE NEW YORK TIMES
American newspaper founded in 1851.
One of the most influential papers in the world
112 Pulitzer Prizes.
Its website is one of the most visited news
websites.
It is organized in many different sections.
Carlos Slim is the largest shareholder.
Number of immigrants
Documented immigrants
Access to education
Conflict with the law
Nationalities of immigrants
2- WHY MIGHT IMMIGRATION IN THE US MATTER TO
US?
3- DO IDENTITY AND IMMIGRATION RELATE TO OUR
TEACHING PRACTICE IN ANY WAY?
1- WHAT DO YOU KNOW ABOUT IMMIGRATION IN THE
US?
LET’S ANALYZE THE NEWSPAPER ARTICLE
REFER TO
Section in the newspaper and aim of this section
Titles or headlines
Authors
Format: online or printed version?
Date
Cities mentioned in the article
What does ‘border’ mean?
METAPHOR
The way we see the world is framed by metaphors.
They are inherent in cognition.
Conceptual metaphors are linguistically
translated.
Conceptual and linguistic metaphors are
translated into action.
The metaphors we use reveal our views of the
world.
Metaphors are tied to history and culture.
They pervade everyday language.
They are conventional and easily interpreted.
Literary language re-elaborates them.
“Our concepts structure what we perceive, how we get
around in the world and how we relate to other people”
(Lakoff & Johnson, 2003).
ARGUMENT IS WAR
Your claims are indefensible.
He attacked my argument.
I demolished her argument.
TIME IS MONEY
You’re wasting my time
The queue cost me an hour
I’ve invested too much time in her as it is.
What kind of actions are prompted/justified by these metaphors?
HOW ARE THE FOLLOWING METAPHORIZED IN THE ARTICLES?
Identity is a construct tied to temporal, social and historical
circumstances.
Hybridity is a comprehensive term including a mix of ethnic
groups, musical fusion and religious syncretism.
Hybridization implies power relations which, in turn, imply
economic inequality.
Some people are denied the hibridizing experience while
others are forced into it (Garcia Caclini, 2010).
LET’S ANALYZE THESE ARTICLES…
ELEMENTS THAT
IDENTIFY LATINOS
ELEMENTS THAT
IDENTIFY
AMERICANS
SPANISH LANGUAGE
HYBRIDITY -
HYBRIDIZATION
ELEMENTS THAT
IDENTIFY LATINOS
ELEMENTS THAT
IDENTIFY AMERICANS
- SPANISH
- Besame mucho, Sabor a mi,
guayaberas, mariachi, salsa.
- ENGLISH
- Grammy Awards, punk rock,
reggae
- Gloria Stephan, Mercedes
Sosa, Trío Los Panchos,
Lucha Villa, etc.
- An Argentine born producer
- Pájaro loco
- Quinceañeras
- Janis Joplin, Nirvana, Grammy
Awards
- Star Wars
- Universal Studios
- The Flintstones, The Jetsons
- Pan dulce
- Fe – Jesús – patrón saint
- Saturday Night Fever
- Clothes: hoop skirts, tutus,
bright colours, etc.
- Economic gap, violence,
insecurity
- Ocarino
- Green card – Social Security
Card
- ICE
- Interstate 7
- Disneyland, Mickey Mouse
- Cities: Yucatán, Mexico,
Chichen Itzá, Toluca, Tulum, etc.
Cities: California,Hollywood, Los
Angeles, New York, Miami. Texas,
Austin
HYBRIDITY -
HYBRIDIZATION
- Spanish and English
- Switching (and
translations)
- Latino rock
- La Marisoul
- La Santa Cecilia band
- Eclectic mixture
- American cartoons with
ads dubbed in Sapanish
- Interstate
- LAX
- Up North – Better
North
Culture refers to routine practices, beliefs and
meanings that have become thickly
sedimented.
Identity refers to feelings of belonging to a
collective based on emotions or shared
interests.
Cultural borders do not always coincide with
identity borders
CONFIGURATIONS OF CULTURE
A configuration is a space of shared symbolicpatterns, horizons of possibilities, power inequalityand historicity (Grimson, 2011).
It emphasizes heterogeneity.
It is articulated in a certain way depending on itscontexts.
Difference is often based on inequality; it is oftenexoticized, folklorized….but nobody wants to livethere.
Interculturality: multiple intersections existing
between cultural configurations
Different cosmovisions, myths, celebrations,
rituals, ideologies….are learnt in social life.
Cultural configurations refer to specific ways in
which actors confront each other, ally or negotiate.
MIGRATION & DIASPORA
The meaning of migration has changed.
Hypervisibility of migratory processes + space-temporal
compression of the planet impossible to interpret other cultures
as distant worlds.
New critical line circulation, permeabillity of borders hybrid
cultures.
Diaspora specifically related to strong feelings of belonging or
identification. It involves more or less fluid ties between the groups
living in different countries through religious, political and cultural
associations.
It is a transnational cultural configuration.
DIASPORIC TEXTS
Diasporic literature/ A diasporic text is about
remembering pervaded with a general sense of
nostalgia but also about re-membering …
creating and imaginary homeland.
IDENTITY & LANGUAGE LEARNING
Identity how a person understands his/her relationship tothe world, how that relationship is constructed across time &space.
SLA needs to develop a conception of identity that isunderstood with reference to larger and frequently inequitablesocial structures social interactions must be understood withreference to relations of power as well as the ongoingproduction of a language learner’s identity.
Identity as a site of struggle= identity is multiple andcontradictory.
Immigrants: accumulated memories + families theirrelationship with the public world in the host country.
REFERENCESGeorge Lakoff and Mark Johnson (2003) Metaphors we live by.
(http://shu.bg/tadmin/upload/storage/161.pdf)
The Metaphorical Structure of the Human Conceptual System in COGNITIVE SCIENCE 4, 195-208 (1980) http://csjarchive.cogsci.rpi.edu/1980v04/i02/p0195p0208/MAIN.PDF
García Canclini, N (2010) Culturas Hhíbridas. Estrategias para entrar y salir de la modernidad. Buenos Aires: Paidós.
Grimson, A. (2011). Los límites de la cultura. Crítica de las teorías de la identidad. Buenos Aires: Siglo Veintiuno.
Hall, S. (1994). “Cultural Identity and Diaspora”. Colonial Discourse and Post-colonial Theory: a Reader. Ed. Patrick Williams and Chrisman. London: Harvester Wheatsheaf, pp. 392-401.
Král, F. (2009). Critical Identities in Contemporary Anglophone DiasporicLiterature. United Kingdom: Macmillan.
Norton, B. (2000). Identity and Language Learning. England: Pearson.
Prebisch, R. (2011). http://www.rcinet.ca/espagnol/en-cartelera/entrevistas-2012/12-09_2012-11-29-seminario-sobre-el-pensamiento-de-raul-prebisch