AN EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH: OIL EXTRACTED FROM MALUNGGAY AS AN ALTERNATIVE VEGETABLE COOKING OIL An Undergraduate Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the College of Hotel and Restaurant Management St. Michael’s College Iligan City In partial fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Bachelor of Science in Hotel and Restaurant Management KATHLEEN CLAIRE G. EBAO ANDRELOU BERNARD C. GEMELO NOVA ANDREA B. MONTERONA
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AN EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH:
OIL EXTRACTED FROM MALUNGGAY AS AN ALTERNATIVE VEGETABLE
COOKING OIL
An Undergraduate Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the
College of Hotel and Restaurant Management
St. Michael’s College
Iligan City
In partial fulfillment
Of the Requirements for the Degree
Bachelor of Science in Hotel and Restaurant Management
KATHLEEN CLAIRE G. EBAOANDRELOU BERNARD C. GEMELONOVA ANDREA B. MONTERONA
October 2013
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
Title Page iTable of Contents iiList of Figures iii
CHAPTER
1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING
Introduction 1Theoretical Framework 2Conceptual Framework 3-4Statement of the Problem 5Significance of the Study 5-6Scope and Delimitation of the Study 6Definition of Terms 7
2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES 8-10
3 RESEARCH METHOD
The Research Design 11Locale of the Study 11-12Respondents of the Study 13Sampling Procedure 13Instrument Used 13Data Gathering Procedure 13Statistical Treatment of Data 14
LIST OF APPENDICIES
Appendix A Letter to the Respondents 15Appendix B Questionnaire 16-18
REFERENCE LIST 19
CURRICULUM VITAE 20-22
Chapter 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING
Introduction
In our country today, we are facing the problem of finding alternatives
on our daily needs in a way that we can save more money but we would not
be risking our health. In this research, we tried to find an alternative to the
cooking oil we use today. As we all know, the oil process weep on increasing
and all the economic problem is worsening every year.
Our intention for this study is for us to be able to find an alternative
vegetable oil in more cheaper way to compare to the other vegetable oil sold
in the market.
Malunggay (moringa oleifera) is a popular plant to known for nutritional
value as well as a herbal medicine. Malunggay is a plant that grows in the
tropical climates such as the Philippines, India, and Africa. Malunggay is
widely used as vegetable ingredient in cooking, as a herbal medicine for a
number of illness and other practical uses. The malunggay plant can grow to
as high as nine leaflets. Malunggay has white fragrant flowers that produces
long pods with three-angled winged seeds.
This study will be expected to be finished at the end of the second
semester Academic Year 2013-2014.
Theoretical Framework
To establish a theory based on the malunggay as an alternative
vegetable cooking oil, the theortical concept of determining the distinction
between malunggay leaves and vegetable cooking oil in making a cheaper
cooking oil is being considered.
According to the Essentials of Moringa Oleifera Theory of Dr. Thurber
states that there are three domains on determining the distinction between
malunggay leaves and vegetable cooking oil in making a cheaper vegetable
oil such as: The price, taste and effectiveness. It states that Malunggay or
Moringa Oleifera had been a source of health and wellness to people from all
walks of life. He defines the three domains in determining the distinction of
malunggay and vegetable cooking oil and these are the following.
Price
Price sometimes refers to the quantity of payment requested by a seller of
goods or services, rather than the eventual payment amount. This requested
amount is often called the asking price orselling price.
Taste
Taste, gustatory perception or gustation is one of the five traditional senses.
Taste is the sensation produced when a substance in the mouth reacts
chemically with receptors of taste buds. Taste, along with smell olfaction and
trigeminal nerve stimulation which also handles touch for texture, also pain
and temperature, determine the flavors, the sensory impressions of food or
other substances. In relation to the malunggay, its tastes is more bitter than
This chapter presents information, insights and other related literarture
that show relationship to the present study.
Related Literature
The oil extracted from the leaves and seeds of malunggay
contains vitamins, minerals, phytochemicals, essential amino acids and
substantial levels of live chlorophyll that help ensure optimum and balanced
health. It has seven times more vitamin C than oranges, four times more
vitamin A than carrots, four times more calcium than milk, three times more
potassium than bananas, three times more iron than spinach, three times
more vitamin E than almonds and two times more protein than yogurt.
(Robbie Pangilinan, March 2013)
Moringa Oil or Ben oil is obtained by pressing the seeds of Moringa
Oilefera Tree. Moringa oil is the most stable oil, which is a good source of
behenic acid and is used as a preservative in food industries. It is an
excellent salad oil. The Moringa oil is odorless to mild nutty flavor. It is also
used as vegetable cooking oil. Due to its high quantities of Oleic Acids
(Mono-Unsaturated Fatty Acid) is good for sautéing and deep frying. The
bright yellow oil with a pleasant taste has been compared in quality with
olive oil. It can also be used in dressings. The Moringa oil is clear, sweet and
odorless, never becoming rancid. (Dr. Lydia M. Marero, Food and Nutrition
Research Institute)
"Malunggay is one of the most useful tropical trees. Its young leaves
are commonly cooked and eaten like spinach or used to make soups and
salads; its dry seed can be ground to a powder and used for seasoning
sauces; its flowers can be eaten after being lightly blanched or raw as a tasty
addition to salad; and the oil content of its kernel is used as lubricant for fine
machinery and also as vegetable cooking oil". (Sen. Legarda, August 2013)
Related Studies
Danny Manayaga, head of Secura International, when we accidentally met last June 12 at the office of People and Advocacy. While waiting for our separate meetings, we got to talk about malunggay. “I just came from giving a briefing on malunggay to the CBCP and PAX, the association of ex-seminarians,” he said.
He had an interesting story about his visit to a three-hectare malunggay farm in Cabugao, Ilocos Sur: “Would you believe, he is making 40,000 pesos a week from his malunggay sales!” How can that be? He said it is because he has a steady market that extends as far as Pangasinan among Ilocanos who eat the malunggay pods in their dinengdeng.
I still couldn’t believe that a three-hectare malunggay farm would earn so much just from local markets. But our conversation turned to the global markets for malunggay.
It was two years ago that I first heard about Danny and Secura International in connection with biotech. I was told that Secura had a patented biotech process for extracting “natural ingredients” of papaya and malunggay, which managed to pass EU standards. The demand was rising, and he was looking for partners who would plant malunggay, and sell him the leaves he needed. His initial projection was that he could absorb the produce of up to 15,000 hectares of malunggay.
“How many hectares do you think are planted to malunggay in the whole Philippines?” I asked. Danny said there are around 30,000 hectares, but only in small family-sized farms, like the one in Cabugao.
“That is not enough. We need 200,000 hectares,” he added. The reason is the new demand for malunggay oil as a biofuel.
Danny said that he has already received a letter of intent from a North American Biofuels Inc. that wants to import oil extracted from the seeds of malunggay, which they call moringa, after its scientific name morigna oleifera.
Malunggay or moringa oil can also be used as cooking oil, but for now the global interest is in its use as biofuel. Since most Filipinos do not eat the seeds, but only the leaves, malunggay can be a source of both food and fuel.
“In addition to the oil, we can use the remaining material as animal feed,” Danny said. “But we need to wash it first to remove the bitter taste. But the substance that causes the bitter taste can also be used as a coagulant.”
I wondered aloud: “With these multiple potential of malunggay, why is there more hype about jathropa?” Danny’s response was a wry smile.
He added a cautionary note on jathropa: “It is supposed to be planted on hilly places. But remember that jathropa is poisonous. When the fruits fall to the ground and are washed by rain into the rivers, they could kill the fish.”
“How long does it take for a malunggay plant to bear fruit?” I asked. Just one year, I was told. I had to double check, since it seemed such a short time.
I thought of asking my relatives to plant malunggay in Naujan, so I asked further: “How far apart do we plant malunggay?” The answer again surprised me. Malunggay can be planted only a meter apart. That’s why a hectare can have 10,000 malunggay trees.
The average seed production is 2 kilos per tree, and Secura’s buying price per kilo can go up to 10 pesos. I did a quick calculation: That’s 200,000 pesos per hectare. Again, I had to double check, since it seems too good to be true.
There was just one downer info: Malunggay is sensitive to too much water. That is the other side of its strength, which is its being drought resistant.
That’s one more reason to push for a more decisive solution to the periodic flooding in Naujan.
Before leaving the office, I picked up the publications of Bionet Pilipinas. One issue had a one-pager on malunggay whose title made me smile:Malunggay, ang Power Gulay. (Edicio Javier, Between Honesty and Hope, 2012)
Chapter 3
RESEARCH METHOD
This chapter describes the research dsign, locale of the study, the
respondents, sampling procedures, the research instrument used, the data
gathering procedures and statistical treatment of data used in this study.
Research Design
This study made use of the experimental design form of research that
will study the Malunggay or Moringa Oleifera as an alternative to vegetable
cooking oil in terms of price, taste and effectiveness. This will also determine
the profile in terms of occupation, gender and oil consumption. Self-made
questionnaire will be used to gather the data and information.
Locale of the Study
This study will be conducted in Buru-un, Iligan City. Buru-un is one of
the barangay’s in Iligan City, which is part of the Mindanao group of islands.
Buru-un is one of the barangay’s which are in the outlying area of Highly
urbanized city Iligan City. The highly urbanized city Iligan City with a
population of about 308, 046 and its 44 barangays belong to the partly urban
areas in the Philippines. While some of the barangays developed modern
urban structures, some others, especially those which are seated in the
outlying areas, remained rural. By the end of 2007 Buru-un had 12, 041
residents.
Respondents of the Study
This study will be conducted among 100 residents in Purok 9, Barangay
Buru-un. The vegetable oil users will be chosen as the respondents of this
study because they know the quality in determining vegetable oil’s price,
taste and effectiveness.
Sampling Procedure
In this study, the researchers used the Purposive sampling method
where the respondents will be purposely identified as parents from ages 21
and above. The sample population is the residents Barangay Buru-un who
are vegetable oil user and will witness the Malunggay cooking oil as an
alternative to the ordinary vegetable oil. A total of 100 vegetable oil user will
be sampled in this study.
Research Instrument Used
In the process of gathering information, the researchers will use self-
made questionnaire to generate the information about the coffee drinkers in
Barangay Buru-un
The questionnaire will consist of two parts: the first part is the
respondent’s profile in terms of occupation, gender and frequency of
vegetable oil consumption. The second part is the description of price, taste
and effectiveness.
Data Gathering Procedure
In conducting data gathering, a cover letter to the respondents will be
attached to the survey questionnaire after it will be collected. The data will
be thoroughly analyzed, process and tabulated in order to come up with a
realistic results to ensure the validity of the study.
Statistical Treatment of Data
The following statistical tools were used for the anlaysis of the data are:
Frequency. Is a statistical tool which describe a group of information by
classifying their different categories and then counting the time a particular
observation occurs
Percentage. Is used to measure the percentage of the respondents cover in
the study.
Weighted Mean. Is used to identify the respondents of vegetable oil users
price, taste and effectiveness.
APPENDIX A
St. Michael's College
Iligan City
Higher Education Department
Dear Sir / Madam:
Praise be Jesus and Mary!
We, the undersigned 3rd year students of Bachelor of Science in Hotel and Restaurant Management of St. Michael's College are currently working on our thesis paper entitled: "Oil Extracted From Malunggay as a Alternative Vegetable Cooking Oil" as a requirement of our course.
For this reason, we would like to distribute our questionnaire as our means of attaining the needed information and data. Rest assured that your responses will kept confidential and will be used only for the purpose of this study.
We trust you to support this endeavor.
Thank you.
Respectfully yours,
Kathleen Claire G. Ebao
Andrelou Bernard C. Gemelo
Nova Andrea B. Monterona
Noted by:
Daryl Glenn B. Pamplona Prof. Emmanuel E. On M.B.E Thesis Adviser Dean, CHRM
APPENDIX B
OIL EXTRACTED FROM MALUNGGAY AS AN ALTERATIVE VEGETABLE COOKING OIL
Questionnaire
Part I. Demographic Profile
Direction: Kindly answer the following questions by putting a check mark on the boxes provided:
Name (Optional):
Occupation:
Gender: Male
Female
Oil Consumption/Day:
Once
Twice
Thrice
4 and above
Part II. Price, Taste, and Effectiveness in Malunggay Vegetable Cooking Oil
Direction: Kindly please evaluate what you had observed on the difference between Malunggay Vegetable Cooking Oil and Vegetable Cooking Oil on the rating scale below.
Indicators of Malunggay Vegetable Cooking Oil
2.1 Malunggay Vegetable Cooking Oil
Price SA
A D SD
1. The product is affordable.
2. The product is cheaper.
3. The product can be seen in the market
Taste
1. The taste is bitter.
2. The taste is like medicine.
3. Tasteless
Effectiveness
1. The product cooks it well.
2. The product doesn’t change the color.
3. The product can be use for several times.
2.2 Vegetable Cooking Oil
Price SA
A D SD
1. The product is affordable.
2. The product is cheaper.
3. The product can be seen in the market
Taste
1. The taste is bitter.
2. The taste is like medicine.
3. Tasteless
Effectiveness
1. The product cooks it well.
2. The product doesn’t change the color.
3. The product can be use for several times.
REFERENCE LIST
Books
Javier, E. (2012) Between Honesty and Hope. Makati City, Philippines: Alvinno Publishing House.
Cliffe, Edward (2007) Wonders of Moringa Oleifera. Los Angeles, California: Wayans Publishing Inc.
Tomas, C., Labrado, L., (2008) Malunggay: Health Benefits. Diliman, Quezon City: Asiong Co., Inc.
Internet Sources
Keith Fulla (2012) “Malunggay as Vitamin” retrieved from http://www.studymode.com/essays/Malunggay-As-Vitamin-1382269.html
Edcel Bitec (2008) “Malunggay as cooking oil” retrieved from http://www.healthwonders.com/essays/malunggay-as-cooking-oil-page2.html-09838392292
Arnold Talacaz (2011) “Malunggay Health Benefits” retrieved from http://www.livinghealthy.com/entry/Malunggay-Health-Benefits-092727128.html
J.I Stanley (2006) “How to grow vegetables by organic method” retrieved from http:/automaticonomy.wordpress.com/2006/12/19/from-the-garden-of-vegetables.html//