TECTONICS AND SEDIMENTATION IN RELATION TECTONICS AND SEDIMENTATION IN RELATION TO SHALE HYDROCARBON TO SHALE HYDROCARBON IN IN INDONESIA INDONESIA By: By: AGUS GUNTORO Email: [email protected]WORKSHOP ON SHALE GAS SHALE GAS, SUMBER ENERGI ALTERNATIF MASA DEPAN Email: [email protected]Jurusan Teknik Geologi, Fakultas Teknologi Mineral, Universitas Trisakt i Pomelotel Hotel, Jakarta 28 – 29 November 2012
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TECTONICS AND SEDIMENTATION IN RELATION TECTONICS AND SEDIMENTATION IN RELATION
TO SHALE HYDROCARBON TO SHALE HYDROCARBON IN IN INDONESIA INDONESIA
2. Low-thermal maturity shales (e.g. New Albany Shale).
3. Mixed lithology intraformational systems (e.g. Bossier Shale of
East Texas).
4. Combination plays that have both conventional and
unconventional gas production (e.g. in Woodford shale gas and
conventional gas accumulation in Anadarko Basin).
Schematic Of Oil & Gas Generation
Why is there more gas at higher thermal maturity?
S
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GEOLOGICAL FACTORS IN SHALE GASSTRATIGRAPHIC FACTORS� -Mineral composition
� -TOC, organic richness and type, gas content
� -Grain size
� -Bed thickness
� -Clay abundance and type
� -Porosity
� -Fractures and permeability barriers
� -Frequency of laminations
� -Small to large scale stratigraphy; paleogeography
� -Rock strength
ARE
RELA-
TED
� -Rock strength
� -Biogenic features (micro-trace fossils; micro-and macro-body fossils)
STRUCTURAL FACTORS� -Stress regime
� -Structural position and proximity both folds and faults
� -Intensity of structural deformation
� -Tectonic and burial history; thermal maturity; Present Oil or Gas window
� -Depth and depth windows
� -Pressure of reservoir
� -Temperature of reservoir
Scale-Different factors operate at different scales (pore-to regional-scale)
SHALE GAS SYSTEMSHALE GAS SYSTEMS IS THE NECESSARY ELEMENTS NEEDED TO
HAVE FOR THE POSSIBILITY WHERE SHALE GAS COULD BE
GENERATED, THE ELEMENTS ARE:
�
US experience shows a wide variety of shales can be commercially
productive
THIS INDICATES
THAT THERE IS
NO UNIQUE
PARAMETER
FOR SHALE GAS
TO BE DEVELOPED
Realities of Shale Gas Resources: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow John B. Curtis, CSM David
G. Hill, EnCana Paul G. Lillis, USGS
Newton, Hamzah and Morrison, 2012.
TO BE DEVELOPED
AND ALSO
FOR GEOLOGICAL
CONDITION
II. Exploration concept
EXPLORATION CONCEPT
EXPLORATION CONCEPT IS EXPLORATION CONCEPT IS EXPLORATION CONCEPT IS EXPLORATION CONCEPT IS
GEOLOGICAL MODELS DEVELOPED GEOLOGICAL MODELS DEVELOPED GEOLOGICAL MODELS DEVELOPED GEOLOGICAL MODELS DEVELOPED
TO EXPLORE WHERE THE POSSIBLY TO EXPLORE WHERE THE POSSIBLY TO EXPLORE WHERE THE POSSIBLY TO EXPLORE WHERE THE POSSIBLY TO EXPLORE WHERE THE POSSIBLY TO EXPLORE WHERE THE POSSIBLY TO EXPLORE WHERE THE POSSIBLY TO EXPLORE WHERE THE POSSIBLY
SHALE HYDROCARBON IS LSHALE HYDROCARBON IS LSHALE HYDROCARBON IS LSHALE HYDROCARBON IS LOCATEDOCATEDOCATEDOCATED.
WORKING HYPOTHESIS
PLATE TECTONIC THEORYPLATE TECTONIC THEORYPLATE TECTONIC THEORYPLATE TECTONIC THEORY
CRITERIA OF BASIN CLASSIFICATIOCRITERIA OF BASIN CLASSIFICATIOCRITERIA OF BASIN CLASSIFICATIOCRITERIA OF BASIN CLASSIFICATIOCRITERIA OF BASIN CLASSIFICATIOCRITERIA OF BASIN CLASSIFICATIOCRITERIA OF BASIN CLASSIFICATIOCRITERIA OF BASIN CLASSIFICATION (N (N (N (N (N (N (N (Dickinson (1974)Dickinson (1974)
TYPE OFTYPE OFTYPE OFTYPE OF
BASIN BASIN BASIN BASIN
1.1.1.1. The The The The type of crust type of crust type of crust type of crust on which the basin reston which the basin reston which the basin reston which the basin rest
2.2.2.2. The The The The position of the basin position of the basin position of the basin position of the basin relative to plate marginsrelative to plate marginsrelative to plate marginsrelative to plate margins
3.3.3.3. The type of The type of The type of The type of plate interaction plate interaction plate interaction plate interaction occurring during sedimentationoccurring during sedimentationoccurring during sedimentationoccurring during sedimentation
RELATED TO THE POTENSIAL OF SHALE HYDROCARBON
USING SHALE HYDROCARBON SYSTEM ELEMENT ANALYSES
TECTONO-STRATIGRAPHY
SEDIMENTARY MEGA CYCLE
SEDIMENTARY CYCLE
STRUCTURAL STYLE
TENSIONAL
COMPRESSIONAL
TRANTENSIONAL/
APPROACH
TRANTENSIONAL/
TRANSPRESSIONAL
SHALE GAS SYSTEMS
SOURCE ROCK PREDICTION MINERALOGICAL COMPOSITION
POTENTIAL SHALE HYDROCARBON AREA
MEGA-CYCLE CONCEPTTHE CYCLE SHOWING THE TRANSGRESSIVE AND REGRESSIVE CYCLES AND INLINE WITH TECTONIC
DEVELOPMENT AS HALF-GRABEN. THE GRABEN AREA TOWARD THE DEEP WATER ALSO SUBJECT TO THE PRESENCE OF SOURCE ROCKS
SEDIMENTARY MEGA-CYCLES OF INDONESIATHE CYCLE ALMOST CAN BE FOUND IN TERTIARY BASIN IN INDONESIA
AND SHOWING CYCLE OF TRANSGRESSIVE AND REGRESSIVEAND THE CYCLE CAN BE CORRELATED TO THE SOURCE ROCKS AND RESERVOAR ROCKS
DEVELOPMENTAS. THE CYCLE IS USED AS THE MAIN TOOL IN EVALUATING THE PRESENCE OF ELEMENTS OF SHALE GAS SYSTEMS
Kelts 1988; Cohen 1989; Katz 1999
Petroleum System Chart OF East Java
THE RELATION BEETWEEN TECTONICS IN FORMING THE BASIN AND THE THE RELATION BEETWEEN TECTONICS IN FORMING THE BASIN AND THE THE RELATION BEETWEEN TECTONICS IN FORMING THE BASIN AND THE THE RELATION BEETWEEN TECTONICS IN FORMING THE BASIN AND THE
PROCESS OF BASIN FILLING IN RELATION TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF PROCESS OF BASIN FILLING IN RELATION TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF PROCESS OF BASIN FILLING IN RELATION TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF PROCESS OF BASIN FILLING IN RELATION TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF
ELEMENTS OF PETROLEUM SYSTEMS AND MIGRATION PATHWAYS OF THE ELEMENTS OF PETROLEUM SYSTEMS AND MIGRATION PATHWAYS OF THE ELEMENTS OF PETROLEUM SYSTEMS AND MIGRATION PATHWAYS OF THE ELEMENTS OF PETROLEUM SYSTEMS AND MIGRATION PATHWAYS OF THE
HYDROCARBON HYDROCARBON HYDROCARBON HYDROCARBON
III. PLATE TECTONICS IN
RELATION TO BASIN RELATION TO BASIN
FORMATION
Tectonic Plates as the main basic
knowledge in understanding basin
formation in related to plate boundary
PLATE BOUNDARIES IN RELATION PLATE BOUNDARIES IN RELATION PLATE BOUNDARIES IN RELATION PLATE BOUNDARIES IN RELATION PLATE BOUNDARIES IN RELATION PLATE BOUNDARIES IN RELATION PLATE BOUNDARIES IN RELATION PLATE BOUNDARIES IN RELATION
TO BASIN FORMATION TO BASIN FORMATION TO BASIN FORMATION TO BASIN FORMATION TO BASIN FORMATION TO BASIN FORMATION TO BASIN FORMATION TO BASIN FORMATION
AND SEDIMENTATION AND SEDIMENTATION AND SEDIMENTATION AND SEDIMENTATION AND SEDIMENTATION AND SEDIMENTATION AND SEDIMENTATION AND SEDIMENTATION
Map showing various timing of major tectonic activities in different
EXISTING EXISTING EXISTING EXISTING EXISTING EXISTING EXISTING EXISTING TERTERTERTERTERTERTERTERTTTTTTTTIARYIARYIARYIARYIARYIARYIARYIARY BASIN DISTRIBUTION MAPBASIN DISTRIBUTION MAPBASIN DISTRIBUTION MAPBASIN DISTRIBUTION MAPBASIN DISTRIBUTION MAPBASIN DISTRIBUTION MAPBASIN DISTRIBUTION MAPBASIN DISTRIBUTION MAP
•• CONCEPT OF BASIN CLASSIFICATIONCONCEPT OF BASIN CLASSIFICATIONCONCEPT OF BASIN CLASSIFICATIONCONCEPT OF BASIN CLASSIFICATIONCONCEPT OF BASIN CLASSIFICATIONCONCEPT OF BASIN CLASSIFICATIONCONCEPT OF BASIN CLASSIFICATIONCONCEPT OF BASIN CLASSIFICATION
TECTONIC MAP AND BASINTECTONIC MAP AND BASINTECTONIC MAP AND BASINTECTONIC MAP AND BASINTECTONIC MAP AND BASINTECTONIC MAP AND BASINTECTONIC MAP AND BASINTECTONIC MAP AND BASIN
Tectonic Setting and basin developmentTectonic Setting and basin developmentTectonic Setting and basin developmentTectonic Setting and basin development
Simplified tectonic element and crustal distribution for Simplified tectonic element and crustal distribution for Simplified tectonic element and crustal distribution for Simplified tectonic element and crustal distribution for
Indonesia RegionIndonesia RegionIndonesia RegionIndonesia Region
NORTH SUMATRA
BASIN
STRUCTURAL FRAME WORK OF NORTH SUMATRA
BASIN
STRATIGRAPHY REGIONAL NORTH SUMATRA BASIN
SECONDARY TARGETLOWER BAONG FORMATION
Deposited as deltaic environment
MAIN TARGET BAMPO FORMATIONDeposited during rifting process
CENTRAL SUMATRA
BASIN
REGIONAL STRUCTUREF 3
F 2F 2 F 2
F0; Pre-Tertiary
F1; Eocene-Oligocene rifting in N-NNE
F2; L Oligocene- M Miocene extensional N-NNW
F3; Plesitocene – Recent in NW – SE Direction
Structural Framework of
the Basement in Central
Sumatra Basin
Structural Map of Central Sumatera Basin showing the N-S
structural orientation as older structure and NE-SW structural orientation as younger
GENERAL STRATIGRAPHIC COLUMN AND TECTONIC EVENTS OF SOUTH SUMATRA BASINGENERAL STRATIGRAPHIC COLUMN AND TECTONIC EVENTS OF SOUTH SUMATRA BASINGENERAL STRATIGRAPHIC COLUMN AND TECTONIC EVENTS OF SOUTH SUMATRA BASINGENERAL STRATIGRAPHIC COLUMN AND TECTONIC EVENTS OF SOUTH SUMATRA BASINGENERAL STRATIGRAPHIC COLUMN AND TECTONIC EVENTS OF SOUTH SUMATRA BASINGENERAL STRATIGRAPHIC COLUMN AND TECTONIC EVENTS OF SOUTH SUMATRA BASINGENERAL STRATIGRAPHIC COLUMN AND TECTONIC EVENTS OF SOUTH SUMATRA BASINGENERAL STRATIGRAPHIC COLUMN AND TECTONIC EVENTS OF SOUTH SUMATRA BASIN
SOUTH SUMATRA BASINSOUTH SUMATRA BASIN
N 23N 23
N 22N 22
N 21N 21
N 20N 20
N 19N 19N 18N 18
N 17N 17
N 16N 16
N 15N 15N 14N 14
N 13N 13
N 12N 12
N 11N 11
N 10N 10N 9N 9
N 8N 8
N 7N 7
N 6N 6
FLUVIAL, DELTAIC CLASTIC & CARBONATE
( TAF & Eq. BRF )
LAHAT. TAF & GUF SHALE
T A F
TAF & GUF SHALE
O L I G O C E N E
O L I G O C E N E
EOCENE
EOCENE
LATE
LATE
LATE
LATE
EARLY
EARLY
EARLY
EARLY
PRE TERTIARYPRE TERTIARY
TbTb
TeTe
Tc -Td
Tc -Td
2020
2525
3030
3535
4040
1 -4
1 -4
55
Sag Basinand
Growth Fault
Sag Basinand
Growth Fault
Graben FillGraben Fill
Strike Slip, Block Faulting
and Intrusion
Strike Slip, Block Faulting
and Intrusion
T E N S I O N
T E N S I O N
COMPRESSION
COMPRESSION
??
GUMAIFORMATION
GUMAIFORMATION
LOWERLOWER
LAHATFORMATION
LAHATFORMATION
TALANG AKARFORMATIONTALANG AKARFORMATION
TRMTRM
GRMGRM
TALANG AKARFORMATIONTALANG AKARFORMATION
LAHATFORMATIONLAHATFORMATION
LAHATFORMATIONLAHATFORMATION
TALANG AKARFORMATIONTALANG AKARFORMATION
IGNEOUS /INTRUSSIVE
METAMORPHIC
N 5N 5
N 4N 4
P 22P 22
P 21P 21
P 20P 20
P 19P 19
P 18P 18
P 17P 17
P 16P 16
P 15P 15
P 14P 14
( Haq et.al, 1987)
VARIOUS BASIN STRUCTURISATION IN SOUTH SUMATERA BASIN WITH VARIOUS BASIN STRUCTURISATION IN SOUTH SUMATERA BASIN WITH VARIOUS BASIN STRUCTURISATION IN SOUTH SUMATERA BASIN WITH VARIOUS BASIN STRUCTURISATION IN SOUTH SUMATERA BASIN WITH VARIOUS BASIN STRUCTURISATION IN SOUTH SUMATERA BASIN WITH VARIOUS BASIN STRUCTURISATION IN SOUTH SUMATERA BASIN WITH VARIOUS BASIN STRUCTURISATION IN SOUTH SUMATERA BASIN WITH VARIOUS BASIN STRUCTURISATION IN SOUTH SUMATERA BASIN WITH
DIFFERENT SHALE GAS DIFFERENT SHALE GAS DIFFERENT SHALE GAS DIFFERENT SHALE GAS DIFFERENT SHALE GAS DIFFERENT SHALE GAS DIFFERENT SHALE GAS DIFFERENT SHALE GAS
REGIONAL CROSS SECTION OF TARAKAN REGIONAL CROSS SECTION OF TARAKAN REGIONAL CROSS SECTION OF TARAKAN REGIONAL CROSS SECTION OF TARAKAN
BASINBASINBASINBASIN
Hidayatiet al. (2007)
REGIONAL STRATIGRAPHY OF TARAKAN REGIONAL STRATIGRAPHY OF TARAKAN REGIONAL STRATIGRAPHY OF TARAKAN REGIONAL STRATIGRAPHY OF TARAKAN
BASINBASINBASINBASIN
Awang Harun Satyana, Petroleoum Geology of Indonesia HAGI 2009
BARITO BASINBARITO BASINBARITO BASINBARITO BASIN
Barito Basin: Simplified Geology & Major Structural FeaturesBarito Basin: Simplified Geology & Major Structural FeaturesBarito Basin: Simplified Geology & Major Structural FeaturesBarito Basin: Simplified Geology & Major Structural Features
•Barito Basin area; approx. 70,000 sq km total,
50,000 sq km onshore.
•Bounded to west by Schwaner Mountains, east by
the Meratus Mountains (accretionary and ophiolitic
affinity), north by the Adang flexture and to the
south by the Florence high in the Java Sea.
• Basin formation mechanism unresolved.
•Contains a thick sequence of Cenozoic non-marine
and marine sediments depicting a complete
transgressive to regressive sequence.
Barito cross section
REGIONAL STRATIGRAPHY BARITO BASINREGIONAL STRATIGRAPHY BARITO BASINREGIONAL STRATIGRAPHY BARITO BASINREGIONAL STRATIGRAPHY BARITO BASIN
75
• The Eocene age Tanjung Formation is syn-rift & post-rift; initially fluvial, then shallow marine. Shale was formed in near-coastal environment.
• Berai Formation is Oligocene
• Warukin Formation early to late
SHALE
Bearing
Warukin
Formatio
n
REGIONAL STRATIGRAPHY BARITO BASINREGIONAL STRATIGRAPHY BARITO BASINREGIONAL STRATIGRAPHY BARITO BASINREGIONAL STRATIGRAPHY BARITO BASIN
• Warukin Formation early to late Miocene; regressive sequence, including shale.
• The Dahor Formation was deposited after the Meratus uplift