FINAL REPORT Volume 1: EIA of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP...Table-2.1. Air and noise emission levels as specified in Table-6 (B), page Air and noise emission levels as specified in Table-6

POWER CELL, POWER DIVISION MINISTRY OF POWER, ENERGY AND MINERAL RESOURCES

GOVERNMENT OF BANGLADESH

ELECTRICITY GENERATION COMPANY OF BANGLADESH LIMITED (EGCB Ltd.)

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA) OF WORLD BANK FINANCED SIDDHIRGANJ 450MW COMBINED CYCLE POWER

PLANT (CCPP) PROJECT SIDDHIRGANJ, NARAYANGAJ

PREPARED BY

DR. M N NEWAZ, ENVIRONMENTAL SPECIALIST SIDDHRIGANJ 450MW CCPP PROJECT,

SIDDHIRGANJ, NARAYANGANJ, BANGLADESH.

FINAL REPORT Volume 1: EIA of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP

EGCB Ltd. LEVEL 8, 7-9 KAWRAN BAZAR, DHAKA-1215

December, 2010

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EGCB Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010

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TABLE OF CONTENTS (TOC)................................PageNo. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY......................................................................................... CHAPTER-1: INTRODUCTION................................................................... 6

1.1. Background ........................................................................................................... 6 1.2. Project Location and accessibility ...................................................................... 7 1.3. The allotted land for proposed project .............................................................. 9 1.4. Project benefit ...................................................................................................... 9 1.5. EIA approval status ............................................................................................. 9

1.6. Methodology ........................................................................................................ 10 1.7 EIA report structure ..................................................................................... 11 1.8. EIA Team ............................................................................................................. 12

CHAPTER-2: REVIEW OF RELEVANT REGULATIONS ...................... 13 2.1. National Industrial Policy, 1991 ....................................................................... 13 2.2 National Environmental Policy 1992 ................................................................. 13 2.3. National Energy Policy 1995 ............................................................................. 13 2.4. National Land-use Policy -2001 ........................................................................ 14 2.5. Bangladesh Environment Conservation Act 1995 & Environment Conservation Rules 1997 .......................................................................................... 14

2.5.1. Bangladesh Environment Conservation Act (ECA) 1995 amended 2002. ........ 14 2.5.2 Environment Conservation Rules (ECR) 1997 amended 2003. ......................... 15 2.5.3. Obtaining Environmental Clearance ................................................................ 15

2.6. Other Relevant Acts ........................................................................................... 18 2.6.1. Bangladesh Labour Act (2006) ........................................................................ 18 2.6.2. East Bengal Protection and Conservation of Fish Act 1950 (Amended 1982) . 18 2.6.3. Bangladesh Industrial Act 1974 ........................................................................ 18

2.7. World Bank Operational Policies and procedures/ guidelines ...................... 19 2.7.1. Relevant safeguard policies ............................................................................. 20

2.7.1.1. OP 4.01-Environmental Assessment ........................................................ 20 2.7.1.2. 4.04-Natural habitat .................................................................................. 20 2.7.1.3. OP 4.20 Cultural property ......................................................................... 20

2.8. International Conventions ................................................................................. 21 CHAPTER-3: PROJECT DESCRIPTION ................................................... 22

3.1. Description of the project site ........................................................................... 22 3.2. Existing major infrastructure within Siddhirganj Power Plant complex..... 22 3.3. Transportation to the project site for construction activities ........................ 22 3.4. Life cycle overview ............................................................................................. 23

3.4.1 Construction phase ............................................................................................ 23 3.4.2. Operation and maintenance phase .................................................................. 26 3.4.3. Decommissioning ............................................................................................. 27

3.5. Technology selection and configuration of the Project ................................ 27 3.6. Project components ............................................................................................ 27 3.7. Power plant components ................................................................................... 27

Description of Combined Cycle Power Plant ............................................................ 28 3.7.1. Gas Turbine ....................................................................................................... 28 3.7.2. Steam Turbine Unit ......................................................................................... 29 3.7.3. Combined-Cycle Power Plant Cooling Water System ..................................... 29

3.7.3.1. High and Low Pressure Steam System ..................................................... 31 3.7.3.2. Feed water System and Main Condensate System .................................... 31 3.7.3.3.WaterTreatment System .............................................................................. 31


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3.7.3.4. Tests for Water and Steam Cycle............................................................... 32 3.7.3.5. Waste Water Treatment System (Treatment and Discharge of Wastewater) ............................................................................................................ 32

3.7.4.Generators and Systems for Power Output ....................................................... 32 3.7.4.1.Generator Facilities .................................................................................... 32

3.7.5. Automation and Control System ...................................................................... 33 3.7.5.1. Level of Automation .................................................................................. 33 3.7.5.2. Main Control Room .................................................................................. 33

3.7.6. Fuel System ...................................................................................................... 33 3.7.7. Compressed Air System .................................................................................... 34 3.7.8. Safety System (Preservation) of the Project .................................................... 34

3.8. Power evacuation system ................................................................................... 34 3.9 ANCILLARY SERVICES AND MISCELLANEOUS EQUIPMENT .... 34

3.9.1. Site development ............................................................................................... 34 3.9.2. Demolition work ............................................................................................... 35 3.9.3. Civil, Structural, and Building Works ............................................................ 37

3.9.3.1. General Design Criteria .......................................................................... 37 3.9.3.2. Scope of Civil Work .................................................................................. 37 3.9.3.3. Architectural and Structural works .......................................................... 37 3.9.3.4. Roads and Hardstandings ........................................................................ 38 3.9.3.5. Transformer Foundation.......................................................................... 38 3.9.3.6. Cable Trenches and Pipe Racks ................................................................ 38 3.9.3.7. Landscaping .............................................................................................. 39 3.9.3.8. Drainage and Domestic and Industrial Wastewater ................................ 39 3.9.3.9. Water Supply ............................................................................................. 39 3.9.3.10. Mechanical Building Services and Fire Protection ................................. 39

3.9.4. Excavation of land and foundation work. ......................................................... 39 3.10. Off site components .......................................................................................... 40

3.10.1. Gas transmission lines ................................................................................... 40 3.10.2. 230 KV Power distribution lines and substations ......................................... 40

3.11. Domestic waste disposal ................................................................................... 40 3.12. Surface drainage control ................................................................................. 40 3.13. Accident control system ................................................................................... 40 3.14. Traffic control .................................................................................................. 40

CHAPTER-4: BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION ................ 41 4.1. Project Region .................................................................................................... 41

4.1.1 Project location and land Area ......................................................................... 41 4.1.2. Existing land use pattern ................................................................................... 41 4.1.3. Physiographic and Hydro-geographic Regions .............................................. 42

4.2. Project site: land condition ................................................................................ 42 4.2.1. Topography ....................................................................................................... 42 4.2.2. Geology and Soil characteristics of the project area........................................ 44 4.2.3. Seismicity .......................................................................................................... 47

4.3. Atmospheric condition ....................................................................................... 47 4.3.1. Climate .............................................................................................................. 47 4.3.2 Rainfall ............................................................................................................... 47 4.3.3 Ambient Air Temperature ................................................................................... 49 4.3.4 Relative Humidity ............................................................................................... 50 4.3.5 Wind Speeds and Direction ................................................................................ 50

4.4. Ambient air quality ............................................................................................ 51 4.5. Ambient Noise .................................................................................................... 52


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4.6. Hydrological condition ...................................................................................... 53 4.6.1. Surface water .................................................................................................... 53

4.6.1.1. Sitalakhya River water level ...................................................................... 56 4.6.1.2. Sitalakhya River water flow ....................................................................... 56

4.6.2. Drinking water .................................................................................................. 57 4.7. Biological Features ............................................................................................. 58

4.7.1. Terrestrial Flora (including Forests)................................................................ 58 4.7.2. Terrestrial Fauna (including Forests and wildlife) .......................................... 59 4.7.3. Aquatic and wetland species (Flora and fauna) ............................................. 60 4.7.4. Endangered species (Flora and fauna) ............................................................. 61

4.8. Archeological, historical and cultural sites/resources and sensitive areas ... 61 CHAPTER-5: PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS .............................................. 62

5.1. Approach and methods ...................................................................................... 62 5.2. Findings of the public consultation ................................................................... 62

CHAPTER-6: ALTERNATIVE ANALYSIS .............................................. 64 6.1. Introductory description ................................................................................... 64 6.2. Criteria for choosing suitable well site ............................................................. 64 6.3 Project location .............................................................................................. 64 6.4. Technology options ............................................................................................ 64 6.5. Alternative site selection analysis ..................................................................... 64

6.5.1. Description of alternative sites that border each other is shown in Fig-6.1 &-6.2. ............................................................................................................................... 64

6.6. Analysis of alternative site selection ................................................................. 66 6.7. No project scenario ....................................................................................... 67

6.7.1. Merits of Combined Cycle Power Plant .......................................................... 67 CHAPTER-7: IDENTIFICATIONS AND ANALYSIS OF POTENTIAL IMPACTS ..................................................................................................... 70

7.1. Environmental impacts during project sitting and development .................. 70 7.1.1. Impacts on land and soil ................................................................................... 70 7.1.2. Impact on Air .................................................................................................... 71 7.1.3. Impact on Surface water ................................................................................... 71 7.1.4. Impact on Ground water ................................................................................... 72 7.1.5. Impacts on socio-economic condition ............................................................... 73 7.1.6. Impacts on biological resources ....................................................................... 73 7.1.7. Impacts due to Noise and vibration .................................................................. 73

7.2. Environmental impacts during Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP construction phase ..................................................................................................................................... 74

7.2.1. Impacts on land and soil ................................................................................... 74 7.2.2. Impacts on Air ................................................................................................... 74 7.2.3. Impacts on surface water .................................................................................. 75 7.2.4. Impact on Ground water ................................................................................... 75 7.2.5. Impact due to noise and vibration ..................................................................... 75 7.2.6. Impacts on socioeconomic conditions ............................................................... 75 7.2.7. Impacts on the biological resources ................................................................. 76

7.3. Environmental impacts during 450 MW CCPP operation phase ................. 76 7.3.1. Impact on land and soil ..................................................................................... 76 7.3.2. Impact on Air .................................................................................................... 76 7.3.3. Impact on surface water and ground water ...................................................... 78 7.3.4. Impact due to noise and vibration ..................................................................... 79 7.3.5. Impact on biological resources ......................................................................... 80


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7.3.6. Impact on socio-economic condition ................................................................ 81 7.4. Application of Impact Assessment Methods .................................................... 81

7.4.1. Impact Assessment Methods general ................................................................ 81 7.4 .2. Review of DOE guidelines for Impact Assessment Methods. ........................... 82 7.4.3. Matrix ................................................................................................................ 83 7.4.4. Potential Environmental Impacts of the project activities ................................ 84

CHAPTER-8: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MITIGATION PLAN ............................................................................................................ 87

8.1 SCOPE OF EMP ........................................................................................... 87 8.2. Potential impacts and mitigation measures during project period ............... 88 8.3 Institutional arrangement and environmental monitoring plan .................... 98

8.3.1. Institutional framework ................................................................................. 98 8.3.2. Environmental monitoring plan .................................................................... 101

8.3.2.1 Monitoring Parameters ......................................................................... 102 8.3.2.1.1. Construction Phase: ........................................................................... 102 8.3.2.1.2. Operational Phase: ........................................................................... 103

8.3.2.2. Monitoring Schedule ............................................................................... 105 8.3.2.3.. Report Implementation Schedule .......................................................... 108 8.3.2.4. Estimated environmental monitoring cost ............................................. 109

8.3.3. Environmental Management Training ........................................................... 110 8.3.4. Strengthening of EMU for implementation of EMP .................................... 111 8.3.5. The environmental monitoring and mitigation cost ..................................... 112

8.4. Waste management .......................................................................................... 113 8.5. Occupational health and safety ....................................................................... 117

8.5.1. Health Hazards management .......................................................................... 117 8.5.2. Precaution during work in Confined Spaces .......................................... 118 8.5.3. Hazardous Material Handling and Storage ............................................ 118 8.5.4. OHS Record Keeping and Reporting ...................................................... 119

8.6. Storage Facilities for Chemicals, Fuel, Oil and Grease ................................ 120 8.6.1 Oil Storage Facilities (generic information and can not be quoted) ............ 120 8.6.2 Oil Leaks and Drainage Systems (generic information and can not be quoted) ................................................................................................................................... 121

8.7. House Keeping .................................................................................................. 121 8.8. Emergency Fire Fighting ................................................................................. 122 8.10 Chance-Find Procedures for Physical Cultural Property ........................... 122

CHAPTER-9: RISK ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT ................. 123 9.1 Introductory description ............................................................................ 123 9.2 Power Plant Risks Assessment ................................................................... 123 9.3 Managing the Risks ..................................................................................... 125 9.4 Emergency Response Plan .......................................................................... 125

9.4.1 Emergency Response Cell ................................................................................ 126 9.4.2 Emergency Preparedness .......................................................................... 126 9.4.3 Fire Fighting Services ............................................................................... 127 9.4.4 Emergency Medical Services .................................................................... 127 9.4.5 Rescue Services ......................................................................................... 128 9.4.6 Security Services ....................................................................................... 128 9.4.7 Public Relations Services .......................................................................... 129

9.5 Concluding Remarks regarding risk management .................................. 129 CHAPTER-10: CO-ORDINATION WITH VARIOUS ORGANIZATIONS ..................................................................................................................... 130


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CHAPTER-11: BENEFICIAL IMPACTS, ENHANCEMENT AND PROJECT ENHANCEMENT POTENTIAL ............................................. 131 CHAPTER-12: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ........... 132 CHAPTER-13: REFERENCE .................................................................... 133 ANNEX-

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LIST OF ANNEXES ANNEX-I: TOR for EIA.....................................................................

ANNEX-II: EIA Team..................................................................... ANNEX-III: Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines for Thermal Power Plant-2008.

ANNEX-IV: DOE standards for drinkinmg water ........................................... ANNEX-V: DOE standards for industrial emission ......................................... ANNEX-VI: DOE Standards for ambient air quality ....................................... ANNEX-VII: DOE standards for noise level ...................................................

ANNEX-VIII: DOE standards for surface water quality ................................. ANNEX-IX: Detailed list of flora within 5 Km of the project area ................. ANNEX-X: Detailed list of fauna within 5 Km of the project area ................. ANNEX-XI: List of endangered species of Bangladesh .................................. ANNEX-XII: Socio-economic survey and FGD participants list .................... ANNEX-XIII: DOE Standards for industrial and sewage discharges

ANNEX-XIV: .EMU of EGCB....................................................................

ANNEX-XV: Fire fighting equipment list.................................................

EGCB Ltd. Social Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010

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List of Tables Table-ES-1. Institutional roles and responsibilities

Table-2.1. Air and noise emission levels as specified in Table-6 (B), page 21 of WB EHS-2008 (in mg/Mm3 or as indicated)

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Table-3.1. Water abstraction calculation based on lean period

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Table-4.1. Distribution of different land use within 1km of the project impact area

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Table-4.2. Physical properties of soil of the Siddhirganj project impact area

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Table 4.3. Chemical characters of soil sample collected from project impact area

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Table-4.4. Year wise-monthly average rainfall of recent years from 2000-2009 (mm)

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Table-4.5. Year wise-monthly maximum temperature of project area from 2000-2009 (°C)

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Table-4.6. Year wise-Monthly minimum temperature of project area from 2000-2009 (°C)

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Table-4.7. Year wise-Monthly maximum relative humidity of project area (2000-2009) (%)

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Table-4.8. Year wise-Monthly minimum relative humidity of project area (2000-2009) (%)

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Table -4.9. Monthly average wind speed (m/s) and prevailing wind direction at project area (2000-2009)

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Table 4.10. Ambient air quality of the proposed plant site

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Table-4.11. Monthly average of ambient ozone (O3) recorded in CAMS (BARC), Dhaka in ppb.

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Table-4.12. Noise level within the power plant complex

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Table 4.13. Baseline surface Water Quality of Sitalakhya river and pond

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Table-4.14. River water quality at Siddhirganj point of Shitalakhya river, Siddhirganj, Narayanganj.

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Table 4.15. Water level of the Sitalakhya river

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Table 4.16. Flow at the Sitalakhya River (m3/s)

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Table 4.17. Drinking Water Quality of tube well within Siddhirganj power plant complex

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Table 4.18. Reptiles and amphibians species reported from the project area

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Table 4.19. Religious and cultural sites of the project impact area

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Table 4.20. Archaeological heritage and relics of the impact area

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Table-5.1. Brief extract of public consultation

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Table-6.1. Analysis for selection of suitable alternate site

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Table-7.1. Project activities and potential negative impacts for 450 MW CCPP construction

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Table 8.1. Potentially significant environmental impact during construction and operation phase and their mitigation measures

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Table-8.2. Institutional roles and responsibilities

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Table 8.3. Monitoring activities during construction and operation phase of the project.

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Table 8.4. The schedules of environmental monitoring reports

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Table-8.5. The price of different environmental monitoring equipments (for ten years time).

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Table 8.6. Total cost estimate for training (indicative price)

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Table-8.7. Environmental monitoring and mitigation cost per month

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Table- 8.8. Types and sources of domestic wastes

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Table 8.9. Wastes from construction and operation of power plants

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List of Figures Figure-ES-1.1. Proposed Location of 450 MW CCPP at Siddhirganj,

Narayanganj.

Figure-1.1. Proposed Location of Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP at Siddhirganj, Narayanganj

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Figure-2.1. Steps Involved in Environmental Clearance

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Figure-3.1. Lay out plan fro the proposed 450 MW CCPP at project site

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Figure-3.2. Plot map showing existing infrastructures and surroundings within 1km of proposed 450 MW CCPP project site

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Figure-3.3. The old store on the south-east side to be demolished

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Fig-3.4. Fig-3.4. Proposed Siddhirganj power plant project site showing the old abandoned store supper structure to be demolished

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Figure-4.1. Existing land use of the project impact area of proposed 450

MW CCPP at Siddhirganj, Narayanganj

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Figure-4.2. Soil types within project impact area of proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP at Siddhirganj, Narayanganj

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Figure 4.3 Monthly average temperature (mean, max, min) and average rainfall

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Figure-4.4. Drainage map of the project impact area of the proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP at Siddhirganj, Narayanganj

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Figure-5.1. FGD for Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP within project study area

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Figure-6.1. Alternative site-1 for proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP at Siddhirganj Power Plant complex

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Figure-6.2. Alternative site-2 for proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP

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Figure-8.1. Waste Management flow diagram for the EPC contractor

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Figure-8.2. Bermed containment facility

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Figure-8.3. Conceptual drawing for the separation of spillage

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EGCB Ltd. Executive summary-Environmental Impact Assessment of Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010

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ACRONYMS ADB Asian Development Bank AP Affected Person BBS Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics BPDB Bangladesh Power Development Board CCPP Combined Cycle Power Plant DoE Department of Environment DPDC Dhaka Power Distribution Company ECR Environment Conservation Rules EGCB Electricity Generation Company of Bangladesh EHS Environment, Health and Safety EHSAP Environmental, Health and Safety Action Plan EIA Environment Impact Assessment EMP Environmental Management Plan EMU Environment Management Unit EPC Engineering Procurement and Construction ESIA Environment and Social Impact Assessment ETP Effluent Treatment Plant GIS Geographical Information System GOB Government of Bangladesh GPS Geographic Information System GTCL Gas Transmission Company Ltd. HRSG Heat Recovery Steam Generator IDA International Development Association IDI In Depth Interview IEE Initial Environmental Examination IPP Independent Power Plant IWM Institute of Water Modeling KI Key Informant MOEF Ministry of Environment and Forest MW Mega Watt MPEMR Ministry of Power Energy and Mineral Resources NOx Oxides of Nitrogen OE Owners Engineers OP Operational Policy PDB Power Development Board PGCB Power Grid Company of Bangladesh PM Particulate Matters PPE Personal Protective Equipment PPP Peaking Power Plant Project Sfty. Man. Safety Manager SIA Social Impact Assessment SOx Oxides of sulphur SMP Social Management Plan SPM Suspended Particulate Matter


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ToC Table of Content ToR Terms of Reference WB World Bank WHO World Health Organization WTP Water Treatment Plant Explanatory notes on used terms: Project site: The site/ area are delineated where the proposed project is expected to be built. Impact area: The impact area is outside the project and limited with 05 kilometer radial area taking the project implementation site as a center point.


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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

ES.1. Background Over the last decade, Bangladesh has experienced a net energy demand growth in the order of 8% to 10% per annum. Per capita electricity generation is among the lowest in the world, at about 165 kWh per year. The country experiences severe shortages of both generation capacity and production. Peak electricity demand is around 5,200 MW and available generation capacity that varies between 3,600 and 4,300 MW is insufficient to satisfy current demand1. At the same time, the demand for electricity continues to grow at the rate of over 500 MW a year due to population growth, increased industrialization, additional connections and rise in the use of modern, electrical appliances. The generation capacity deficits results in frequent power failures during peak load hours (usually 6 to 11 pm in summer season), which hurts economic growth and industrial development and affects the quality of life2. Frequent outages have also prompted industries, shops and households to install their own generators, pushing up the cost of living. This situation could also lead to indirect negative impacts, such as in 2009, when the Government had to temporarily close down several fertilizer plants to divert the natural gas they use to generate more electricity. For a variety of reasons, Bangladesh also failed to award new contracts to increase generation capacity although some agreements have recently been signed with development partners to finance several power plants to increase generation capacity by about 900 MW. If demand is not managed properly, load shedding will continue to increase until new power plants come into operation, which is not expected soon. The Government of Bangladesh is implementing the Siddhirganj Power Project with the World Bank support to add new generation capacity. The original project was an integrated gas to power project which includes (i) a 300 MW gas turbine peaking power plant (to be implemented by EGCB Ltd.) (ii) 60 km natural gas pipeline (to be implemented by GTCL) (iii) a power evacuation facility of 11 km, 230 kV electricity transmission line and substations at Siddhirganj and Manmiknagar (implemented by PGCB and (iv) technical assistance and management information system (including Owner's Engineers for GTCL and PGCB, management information systems for EGCB and GTCL and an operation and maintenance contractor for EGCB's power plant). IDA financing covers up to $350 million out of a total estimated project cost of $470million for the original project. As noted above, currently GOB has changed the capacity and type of the originally proposed power plant (2x150 MW gas turbine peaking power plant) to 450 MW combine cycle power plant keeping all other components as the same. This may be noted that the

1 The higher loads are prevalent in the urban areas, with the largest electricity load centers being Dhaka and Chittagong. However, load shedding regime is implemented throughout the country during the specific periods of power shortages, with rural customers being affected more disproportionately. 2 Estimates indicate a reduction in gross domestic product by around $1 billion annually due to power shortages.


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environmental regulatory requirements for all the above noted components will be addressed by respective agencies to meet both WB and GOB requirements. During the project preparation for construction of 2x150 MW open cycle gas turbine PPP, Power cell conducted a full scale EIA for the project to meet both GOB and WB regulatory requirements. The major impacts of the EIA were noted as noise and NOx emissions during operation of the plant. EIA suggested that both noise and NOx emissions would be possible to control with proper mitigation measures. In addition, modeling study report stated in the EIA suggested that the effect of increased NOx in the ambient air due to operation of power plant would not be very significant.

The current GOB plan for development of 450 MW CCPP needs to meet both WB and GOB guidelines. The details regarding regulatory requirements and EIA status of the proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP is described in section ES-2 and also in 1.5 of the main EIA document. Project Location and accessibility EGCB Ltd., planned Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP development located within Siddhirganj power generation complex on the western bank of Sitalakhya River in Siddhirganj Pourashava, under Narayanganj district. The coordinates of the proposed project locations are between latitude 23° 41' 14" to 23° 40' 45" North and Longitude 90° 30' 50" to 90° 37' 51" East. The proposed project location at Siddhirganj power plant complex is approximately 20 km North-East of Dhaka and is accessed from Dhaka by traveling approximately 20km via Dhaka-Chittagang Highway to reach Siddhirganj, Narayanganj. The location of the proposed 450 MW CCPP at Siddhirganj, Narayanganj is shown in Fig-ES-1.1.

The entire Siddhirganj power plant complex is completely enclosed, covers an area of about 88 acres and is owned by Power Development Board (PDB) under MPEMR, GOB. The required land of the proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP project is approximately 9.24 acres of medium highland which will be handed over to EGCB Ltd., by PDB, for implementation, construction and operation of proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP. The proposed project area does not fall within or adjacent to any critical areas as identified by the DoE.


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Fig-ES-1.1. Proposed Location of 450 MW CCPP at Siddhirganj, Narayanganj.


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EIA Methodology

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a tool used to identify the potential impacts of a proposed project on the environment and also suggests appropriate mitigation measure for sustainable management of the environment. The results of the EIA study are used for decision making in balancing the goals of the proponent and those of the project stakeholders.

ES-2. Legislative requirement and EIA status

Department of Environment (DOE) under Ministry of Environment and Forest (MOEF) is the responsible agency for issuing environmental approval for any project in Bangladesh including the proposed power plant. According to the Environment Conservation Rules (ECR, 1997), proposed power plant (installation of 450 MW CCPP within Siddhirganj power plant compound, Narayanganj location) falls under “RED category” and needs to submit necessary documents for obtaining site clearance from Department of Environment (DoE) and also an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) to the DoE for Environmental Clearance. Similarly according to the World Bank Operational Policy (1999, OP 4.01), this project has been classified as an Environmental category-A project, requiring an Environmental Assessment for the construction and operation of the project with recommendations for appropriate mitigation and management measures. In 2006 on the basis of GOB’s previous decision for construction of 2×150 MW PPP at Siddhirganj power plant complex, EGCB Ltd. applied to Department of Environment (DOE) for exemption of Initial Environmental Examination (IEE), issuance of site clearance and approval of Terms of reference (TOR) for EIA of the proposed 2×150 MW PPP. Subsequently in 2007, DOE has exempted IEE, issued site clearance as the site is within EGCB Ltd. owned power plant complex and also approved TOR for the EIA of the proposed 2×150 MW PPP (DOE/Clearance/2341/2006/111, dated 16-1-2007). On the basis of the above noted progress, Power Cell, under MPEMR proceeded to meet the regulatory requirement of both GOB (ECR-1997) and WB operation policy (1999, OP 4.01) and accordingly conducted a full scale EIA for 2×150 MW PPP at Siddhirganj, Narayanganj and submitted to DOE which was reviewed and approved in 2007 (DOE/Dh. Div./Clearance/14391/2002/3291, dated 13-12-2007). Recently GOB further planned to construct Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP as noted above in the same earmarked place of initially proposed 2×150 MW gas turbine peaking power plant within the Siddhirganj power plant complex. Under the current situation, a full scale Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) study needs to be conducted and submit report to WB to meet their requirement as they consider it as a separate application from Bangladesh for a new project. Simultaneously a copy is needed to be submitted to DOE as an addendum of the previous EIA report of 2×150 MW PPP for acknowledgement and to meet the requirements of clearance clauses. This addendum will help to identify potential environmental and social impacts due to change in the project


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capacity including machineries and suggests appropriate mitigation and management measures for sustainable environmental growth and development.

The power cell, Ministry of Power, Energy and Mineral Resources has appointed an individual consultant (including his team) to conduct EIA study and prepare an independent EIA report for construction and operation of the currently proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP located at Siddhirganj covering both DoE and WB guidelines including Safeguards Policies and Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines for Thermal Power Plants-2008 (Annex-II) and their requirements in consultation with Environmental Manager (heading Environmental Management Unit) of EGCB Ltd.

ES-3. Project description

The proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP project is located at Siddhirganj power generation complex on the western bank of Sitalakhya River within Siddhirganj Pourashava, under Narayanganj district. The entire power plant complex is completely enclosed, covers an area of about 88 acres and is owned by Power Development Board (PDB), under MPEMR, GOB. PDB has handed over required land of about 9.24 acres to EGCB Ltd., within Siddhirganj Power Plant Complex area for implementation, construction and operation of proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP.

For transportation of heavy components of the proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CC Power Plant from Chittagong Port to site, river transportation is the only solution. Since the plant is located by the side of the Sitalakhya River, a suitable jetty will have to be constructed and the heavy parts will be transported by barge and unloaded at site by using the jetty. Crane with appropriate handling capacity will be organized either at site or brought with the barge for unloading the cargoes. During transportation of heavy equipment for the proposed project the EPC contractor shall follow WB Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines for Shipping (April-2007) and also related GOB regulations.

Power plant project components The proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP project includes the following: In site facilities-

(a) Plant facility comprising 01gas turbines, 01 HRSG set up, 01 steam turbine, generator, transformer and ancillary facilities.

(b) Water Treatment plant (to clean the water to the standards needed by the plant)

(c) Effluent treatment plant (ETP) (to treat water used by the plant before discharging to the river)

(d) Cooling Tower


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(e) Circulating Pump House (f) Switch room (g) Emergency generator and transformers

Civil structures-

(h) Generator and Substation Control room, administration, amenities, and workshop facility if necessary

(i) Fire protection tank, water tank and septic tank. (j) Construction of internal roads (k) Security fencing and gatehouse.

Offsite facilities-

(l) High voltage switchyard (m) CW Pump House (n) The 11 km 230 KV line-to be implemented by PGCB (not included in this

EIA) (o) 60 km gas transmission line-to be implemented by GTCL (not included in this EIA)

The proposed 450 MW CCPP at Siddhirganj is a combined cycle gas turbine generator which would evacuate power to the existing 132 KV transmission line already existing or to the under construction 230KV transmission line through the grid substation owned by the Power Grid Company Bangladesh.

ES-4. Description of existing baseline information

Socio-economic condition

The project site is located in the Siddhirganj Pourashava within Narayanganj district under Dhaka Division. The Narayanganj district is divided in to five thanas. These are Bandar, Narayanganj sadar, Sonargaon, Rupganj and Demra under Narayanganj district. The project area is an industrial site in the eastern outskirt of the Dhaka city. The Siddhirganj is a semi-urban area where most of the population is engaged in industrial and commercial activities. The area is economically very active. The project area is mostly consists of people of middle and lower middle class. Total household and population of project impact area for 2009 (based on the BBS-2001 and projected to 2009) is 522429 and 2306890 with average household size 4.4, which is lower than the national average of 5.4. The total land area of Narayanganj district is about 759.57 km2.

Existing land use

Existing land use around 5km of the project site was determined by on screen digitizing and extensive ground truthing GPS (Global Positioning System). The project impact area is mostly occupied with heavy industries such as Siddhirganj power plant complex,


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Adamjee EPZ complex, Silo project etc. In addition, there is a massive settlement in the residential area adjacent to industrial installations including some water bodies and agricultural lands which are used for cultivation of crops.

Geology

Geology of Bangladesh is generally dominated by poorly consolidated sediments deposit over the past 10,000 to 15,000 years (Holocene age). Unconsolidated sediments underlie the whole study area. These are of two ages: pleistocne and Holocene (recent). The North part of the study area is known as Modhupur tract. There are compact clays, previously called Pleistocene clays, but now called Modhupur clay. These clays have been uplifted techtonically.

Atmospheric condition

Climate, rainfall and temperature

The region has a tropical climate with three main seasons-the hot and humid summer, the rainy season and the mild and relatively dry winter. The climate of Bangladesh exhibits pronounced seasonal variability associated with monsoon winds-predominantly from the south west during summer, from the north-west during winter and light including variable during spring and autumn. Rainy season generally extends from May to October. Winter and summer seasons are distributed from November-February and from March-May respectively. About 85% of the rain drops during this rainy season.

The mean annual rainfall in the area varies from 1700 mm to 2800 mm, with peak rainfall occurring in June, July and August during recent years (2000-2009). Maximum average temperature of 36.66°C was observed in May and minimum average temperature was 10.28°C in January over the recent years (2000-2009). Ambient air quality Air quality in the Siddhirganj Pourashava is measured during Environmental study. The air quality data measured during 14-9-2010 to 15-9-2010 for 24 hours at the Siddhirganj power plant complex. It shows that SPM, PM10, NOX and SO2 ambient concentrations are low compared to the GOB Air Quality Standard (Annex-IV).

Noise level

The EIA Team (Environmental Team) has measured the sound level from 14-9-2010 and 15-9-2010 during day and night time. Noise quality has been measured instantly on the side by noise meter. At each location 10 to 12 times reading were taken for two days (24 hours/day) within Siddhirganj power plant complex. The data shows that the noise level is within limit of GOB (DOE) guidelines (Annex-V).


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Hydrology

The project site is a part of the Sitalakhya River system, which ultimately connected to other surrounding main rivers such as Balu, Daleshwari, Buriganga and lead to Meghna river system. Sitalakhya River system is connected by large number of tributaries which are flowing water from the surrounding rivers system and is also connected with khals/canals from areas surrounding the 450 MW CCPP project site. The main sources of water flows in these rivers are rainfall during the wet season. Both stream velocity and water levels remain high in the wet season, which drops down significantly in the dry season. The proposed plant will extract from and discharge water to the Sitalakhya River as well as use it for transporting heavy machinery.

Surface water

The Environmental Team has collected water of Sitalakhya river, pond, and the samples were tested in the laboratory. The test results indicate that the river water found clean during wet season (from May-September) when flow of water also increased. Water level data of the Sitalakhya for the period 1988-2009 shows that the maximum levels at high tide and low tide level is found as 6.93 and 6.90 m, respectively in the year 1998 whereas minimum water levels at high and low tide periods are 0.92 and 0.63 m receptively as found in 1995.

The flow of Sitalakhya River at Demra site is affected by tides. The maximum discharge of 2742 m3/sec was measured on 9th September 1998, while, the minimum discharge of 195 m3/sec was recorded on 10th June, 2002. The water modelling study conducted by IWM in 2007 stated that the water flow during extreme lean period at Siddhirganj complex area was 127 m3/sec.

Drinking water

Tube well water on or near project site will supply construction and later workers in the plant. Drinking water quality is measured during base line studies. The tube well water within 1km and 5 km were collected on 30-10-2010 and tested in the SRDI laboratory, Dhaka. The test results indicate that the water quality is good and within the acceptable value of GOB and WHO.

Flora and fauna

The project area is distributed with local common plant and animal species. High density of plant species in the homesteads is observed within 5km of the project site. Some aquatic plant species are distributed in the ponds, ditches and marshland area.

The project area is rich in distribution of animal species because of the complex habitat assemblage in small areas. Majority of animal groups use more than one habitat during their life cycle. Therefore, the animals recorded during baseline survey are listed under Annex-IX without any distinction of the wetland and terrestrial habitat.


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There are several native bird species in the project area. Many major canals, branch canals, ditches, ponds, streams are found across the study area which contains common fishes. Mammals and reptiles are very common in the project area. The environmental team interviewed with the local people and found that mongoose are rarely seen in the project area. It is noted that there is no endangered species in the project site.

Archaeological, historical and cultural sites

There are no archaeological sites within the project area. There are religious and cultural sites found within 5km of the project area which are described in chapter-4 of this document. The EPC contractor shall be responsible for familiarizing themselves with "Chance Finds Procedures" specifies in the WB OP 4.20 Cultural property which describes management procedures in case culturally valuable materials are uncovered during excavation or any project activities. If any such culturally valuable properties are found, the EPC contractor shall stop the work and inform Department of Archeology under Ministry of cultural Affairs, GOB for taking necessary measures.

Industries in the project impact area

The project impact area is a semi urban industrial area and a large number of industries are located in the study area. In addition to that, three power plants (including one 100 MW independent power plant) are located within Siddhirganj Power Plant complex area with an immediate future plan to build another Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP (under financial assistance of WB) within the complex. The project impact area is occupied by a number of polluting industries e.g. textile and smelting industries.

Agriculture in the project impact area

The proposed project site is located within Siddhirganj power plant complex and is

currently left as fallow land mostly covered with indigenous grasses namely Bermuda

grass, Chapra and others. Some patches of temporary seasonal kitchen gardens are noted

around the project area.

The high yielding varieties of aus, aman and boro rice are grown in some of the locations

around the project impact area. In addition some vegetable crops are also noted in the

high and medium high land around the project impact area as crop rotation.

ES-5. Public consultation

The public consultations were conducted (September and October of 2010) in and around the project area in which a variety of people participated. The main purpose of the public consultation was to assess the concern of the people about construction of 450 MW CCPP at Siddhirganj Power Plant complex compound and also overall acceptability of


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the project by people, their perception about the impacts both adverse and beneficial effects including expectations etc.

Findings of the public consultation

Many issues were raised in the public consultations meetings. Details of which are presented below (and includes EGCB Ltd. Liability beginning in 2011):

(i) Spills of petroleum may affect soil fertility adversely which may cause detrimental affect to the surrounding agricultural land.

(ii) Some agricultural products including vegetation may be affected. If spills were to occur that affected the agricultural lands, participants felt that compensation should be paid to the affected people.

(iii) Air pollution from vehicle movements and emission should be controlled.

(iv) Noise pollution from vehicle movement and equipment at the project site may affect birds and animals.

(v) In case of compensation payments it should be ensured that, affected person(s) get the right compensation.

(vi) Environmental pollution due to noise, air pollution from emission of gases and effluent discharges from power plant and as well as other social nuisance should be controlled.

(vii) A great deal of apprehension exists among the participants that an accident problem like the fall of labours from height or collapse of construction wall may cause death to many workers/labours during pilling and construction activities. Standard precautions must be taken so that this type of accident is not repeated in this area.

(viii) There are no people living in the old abandoned store area and no resettlement or relocation issues to be addressed. The old store belongs to PGCB (company under GOB) who has no objection to demolition.

Expectation of the people:

The following expectation from the local people were raised during the consultation

(a) Construction work should be completed within schedule. (b) Local people should be given priority for employment in different activities of the

project. (c) Local businessmen and contractors should be engaged in different phases for the

construction and development and given priority compared to others from outside the area.

(d) When 450 MW CCPP will be operated the villagers shall get the benefit out of it (e) The villagers expect to get good quality of environment by installing a power

plant of good quality, which will be able to provide uninterrupted power supply


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and will be able to keep air and noise pollution of the project impact area within WB and DoE’s specific guidelines.

Reflection of Public consultation related to power plant construction: The suggestion and expectation of the people consulted during public consultation are mainly focused on the installation of an environmental friendly power plant in the Siddhirganj power plant complex which will not have negative environmental and social impact in the surrounding environment and will also be beneficial for the people of the locality in all respect. In addition, GOB and WB guidelines, be addressed in all phases of the project to protect environment and life of the people. These issues are mainly addressed in the impact and mitigation chapter (Chapter-7) and in the environmental management chapter (Chapter-8) and also adhered to referred GOB and WB regulations/guidelines. ES-6. Potential environmental impacts and mitigation measures

Surface water extraction for cooling tower during operation phase

Water flow in Sitalakhya river during extreme lean period was 127 m3/sec (Water modeling study by IWM on Sitalakhya river during 2007-2008) The feasibility report for proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP indicated that the plant will consume approximately 14 m3/sec which is about 11.02% of the total flow of water in the extreme lean period. It is estimated that the industries surrounding Siddhirganj power plant complex area will consume net 23.55% of the total flow of river whereas the rest of 76.48% river water flow will be still available for natural environment and aquatic ecology which is viable for sustainable natural environment. Inspite of this estimation, it is strongly suggested that the EPC contractor shall conduct water modelling study before designing 450 MW CCPP. The details about water abstraction and availability of water in the Sitalakhya River are also described in section 3.7.3.

Air quality and effluent discharge management during operation phase

Natural gas shall be used as a primary fuel for the proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP. Since there is no sulphur in the natural gas, there will be no emissions of sulphur dioxide (SO2) pollutant and flue gas treatment shall not be required.

The new gas turbine unit will employ either steam or water injection system or dry low-NOx burner to reduce NOx emission to levels capable of complying with the World Bank requirement (WB Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines for Thermal Power Plants-2008-Annex-II) and GOB related regulations.

During plant operation and maintenance phase the EPC contractor shall maintain waste management, all gaseous emission, effluent discharges within limits as prescribed in GOB guidelines (ECR-1997) and WB guidelines (Environmental, Health, and Safety


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guidelines for Thermal Power Plants -2008, Annex-II) and also WB General EHS guidelines-2007. This may be noted that it was not possible to conduct a power plant emission modelling due to time constraints, therefore, it is suggested that the EPC contractor shall conduct an above noted emission dispersion modeling for appropriate functioning of the power plant complying GOB and WB guidelines. Noise management The Plant will be built in such condition that the noise level outside the plant will comply with GOB regulation and WB Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines for Thermal Power Plants-2008 (Annex-III). In addition to that, Noise reduction is to be integrated in the plant building design to meet the regulatory standards during operation. Environmental, Health and Safety Action Plan The EPC contractor shall prepare and submit an environmental, health and safety action plan (EHSAP) to EGCB Ltd., prior to the implementation of the project. The EHSAP shall focus on project mitigation, management, monitoring and ongoing consultation activities for the project. The EPC contractor shall implement and employ personnel, to ensure compliance during contract period and shall comply environmental, social, health and safety standards following GOB, WB and international (where necessary) guidelines. The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) in this document presents arrangements to reduce any adverse impacts to acceptable levels as well as to enhance beneficial impacts. Effective institutional arrangements are required for conducting environmental assessments and also for successful implementation of the above noted EMP. Institutional roles and responsibilities for the proposed project are shown in Table-ES-1. Table-ES-1. Institutional roles and responsibilities

Project stage Responsible organization Responsibilities Pre-construction EGCB Ltd. (with the

assistance from project consultant)

i. Prepare EIA consistent with GOB and WB requirements ii. Conduct public consultation during EIA iii. Fulfil GOB requirements iv. Make EIA reports available to the web site v. Incorporate mitigation measures into engineering design and technical specification vi. Incorporate environmental mitigation and monitoring measures into contract document


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vii. Update the EMP (mitigation measures, monitoring program, institutional responsibilities, costs, etc.) during the detailed design stage.

Construction EGCB Ltd., i. With the assistance of project consultants, ensure implementation of environmental management measures at each stage of the construction and update the EMP as necessary. ii. Complain Redresser Committee will attend any kind of environmental and social complain arising from residents and workers during construction and operation phases of the proposed project.

Project consultant i. Review the construction site management plan to be prepared by the contractor. ii. Provide support to EGCB in conducting routine monitoring of implementation of mitigation measures by contractor

Contractor i. Employ an EHS officer who will ensure implementation of environmental measures during the construction stage. ii. Prepare EHSAP and submit to EGCB for review iii. Prepare a construction site management plan prior to any site works and submit to EGCB for review. iv. Prepare emergency response plan and submit to EGCB prior to construction phase for review. v. Implement mitigation measures and submit monthly reports to EGCB Ltd.

EGCB Ltd., i. Review and consolidate quarterly reports and submit to WB

DOE i. Review monitoring reports and conduct periodic monitoring


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ES-7. Summary and conclusion The Ministry of Power, Energy and Mineral Resources (MPEMR), GOB finally planned to construct Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP instead of 2×150 MW PPP in the same ear marked place within Siddhirganj power plant complex, Siddhirganj, Narayanganj with the financial assistance of WB. As it has been noted above that an EIA for 2×150 MW PPP was already submitted to DOE therefore, for the revised proposed 450 MW CCPP (instead of previous 2x150 MW CCPP) a full scale ESIA report is needed to be submitted to WB to meet their requirements and simultaneously a copy to DOE as addendum of the previously submitted EIA for 2x150 MW PPP. The potential negative environmental impacts identified and their mitigation measures suggested in the EIA indicates that there will be minimal environmental adverse impact. The EPC contractor shall develop an EHSMAP which will provide effective management, and mitigation programmes to address the identified concerns. EGCB Ltd. will ensure that the appointed EPC contractor (during contract period) conduct the proposed construction, operation and implementation of Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP with strict adherence to good environmental practices and compliance with DOE, WB, related international (where necessary) guidelines and Environmental Quality Standards.


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CHAPTER-1: INTRODUCTION

1.1. Background

Over the last decade, Bangladesh has experienced a net energy demand growth in the order of 8% to 10% per annum. Per capita electricity generation is among the lowest in the world, at about 165 kWh per year. The country experiences severe shortages of both generation capacity and production. Peak electricity demand is around 5,200 MW and available generation capacity that varies between 3,600 and 4,300 MW is insufficient to satisfy current demand1. At the same time, the demand for electricity continues to grow at the rate of over 500 MW a year due to population growth, increased industrialization, additional connections and rise in the use of modern, electrical appliances. The generation capacity deficits results in frequent power failures during peak load hours (usually 6 to 11 pm in summer season), which hurts economic growth and industrial development and affects the quality of life2. Frequent outages have also prompted industries, shops and households to install their own generators, pushing up the cost of living. This situation could also lead to indirect negative impacts, such as in 2009, when the Government had to temporarily close down several fertilizer plants to divert the natural gas they use to generate more electricity. For a variety of reasons, Bangladesh also failed to award new contracts to increase generation capacity although some agreements have recently been signed with development partners to finance several power plants to increase generation capacity by about 900 MW. If demand is not managed properly, load shedding will continue to increase until new power plants come into operation, which is not expected soon. The Government of Bangladesh is implementing the Siddhirganj Power Project with the World Bank support to add new generation capacity. The original project was an integrated gas to power project which included (i) a 300 MW gas turbine peaking power plant (to be implemented by EGCB Ltd.) (ii) 60 km natural gas pipeline (to be implemented by GTCL) (iii) a power evacuation facility of 11 km, 230 kv electricity transmission line and substations at Siddhirganj and Manmiknagar (implemented by PGCB and (iv) technical assistance and management information system (including Owner's Engineers for GTCL and PGCB, management information systems for EGCB and GTCL and an operation and maintenance contractor for EGCB's power plant). IDA financing covers up to $350 million out of a total estimated project cost of $470million for the original project. As noted above, currently GOB has changed the capacity and type of the originally proposed power plant (a 2x150 MW gas turbine peaking power plant) to a 450 MW combined cycle power plant keeping all other components as the same. This may be noted that the environmental regulatory requirements for all the above noted components will be addressed by respective agencies to meet both WB and GOB requirements.

1 The higher loads are prevalent in the urban areas, with the largest electricity load centers being Dhaka and Chittagong. However, load shedding regime is implemented throughout the country during the specific periods of power shortages, with rural customers being affected more disproportionately. 2 Estimates indicate a reduction in gross domestic product by around $1 billion annually due to power shortages.


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During the project preparation for construction of 2x150 MW open cycle gas turbine PPP, Power Cell Department under Ministry of Power, Energy and Mineral resources (MPEMR) conducted a full scale EIA for the project to meet both GOB and WB regulatory requirements. The major impacts of the EIA were noted as noise and NOx emissions during operation of the plant. EIA suggested that both noise and NOx emissions would be possible to control with proper mitigation measures. In addition, modeling study report stated in the EIA suggested that the effect of increased NOx in the ambient air due to operation of power plant would not be very significant.

The current GOB plan for development of 450 MW CCPP needs to meet both WB and GOB guidelines. The details regarding regulatory requirements and EIA status for the proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP is described in section 1.5 below.

1.2. Project Location and accessibility

EGCB Ltd. Planned Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP development located within Siddhirganj power generation complex on the western bank of Sitalakhya river in Siddhirganj Pourashava, under Narayanganj district. The coordinates of the proposed project locations are between latitude 23° 41' 14" to 23° 40' 45" North and Longitude 90° 30' 50" to 90° 37' 51" East.

The proposed project location at Siddhirganj power plant complex is approximately 20 km North-East of Dhaka and is accessed from Dhaka by traveling approximately 20km via Dhaka-Chittagang Highway to reach Siddhirganj, Narayanganj. The location of the proposed 450 MW CCPP at Siddhirganj, Narayanganj is shown in Fig-1.1.

On the east side across the river and within 2-3 km radius, there are three other gas fired power plants. These include: (i) the AES Haripur 360 MW power plant, located about 1km downstream of the Siddhirganj site; (ii) the BPDB 99 MW gas turbine power plant, which will soon be upgraded to 400 MW with funding from JICA; and (iii) the NEPC barge mounted 1110 MW power plant. The site of the recently closed-down Adamjee Jute Mill is located immediately along the southern boundary of the Siddhirganj plant complex, which is now being converted into a Export Processing Zone (Special Economic Zone). On the northern side, there is a steel re-rolling mill, and also a couple of brick kilns. There are numerous other small and medium industries within and around the Siddhirganj area. To the immediate west, along the boundary of the Siddhirganj complex is the Demra-Narayanganj road constructed on the embankment of an irrigation canal. The whole Siddhirganj area is quite densely populated like most peri-urban areas around Dhaka. The Sitalakhya river immediately to the east of the complex is used as a major waterway. It is also the main source of water for all the industrial activities in the Siddhirganj area, including the power plants.


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Fig-1.1. Proposed Location of Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP at Siddhirganj, Narayanganj


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1.3. The allotted land for proposed project

The entire Siddhirganj power plant complex is completely enclosed, covers an area of about 88 acres and is owned by Power Development Board (PDB) under MPEMR, GOB. The required land of the proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP project is approximately 9.24 acres which has been allocated to EGCB Ltd., by BPDB, for implementation, construction and operation of proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP. The proposed project area does not fall within or adjacent to any critical areas listed by the DoE.

1.4. Project benefit

The project will increase national power generation which will support commerce and industrial sector, reduce economic loss due to power crisis and ultimately increase GDP of the country. The present plan for construction of 450 MW CCPP will be beneficial for the country and cost-effective. It will reduce loss of energy with minimum environmental pollution. The combined cycle designed would provide 50% more power output per unit of natural gas input.

1.5. EIA approval status

According to the Environment Conservation Rules (ECR, 1997), proposed power plant (installation of Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP within Siddhirganj power plant compound, Narayanganj location) falls under “RED category” and needs to submit necessary documents for obtaining site clearance from Department of Environment (DoE) and also an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) to the DoE for Environmental Clearance. Similarly according to the World Bank Operational Policy (1999, OP 4.01), this project has been classified as an Environmental category-A project, requiring an Environmental Assessment for the construction and operation of the project with recommendations for appropriate mitigation and management measures. In 2006 on the basis of GOB’s previous decision for construction of 2×150 MW PPP at Siddhirganj power plant complex, EGCB Ltd. applied to Department of Environment (DOE) for exemption of Initial Environmental Examination (IEE), issuance of site clearance and approval of Terms of reference (TOR) for EIA of the proposed 2×150 MW PPP. Subsequently in 2007, DOE has exempted IEE, issued site clearance as the site is within EGCB Ltd. owned power plant complex and also approved TOR for the EIA of the proposed 2×150 MW PPP (DOE/Clearance/2341/2006/111, dated 16-1-2007). On the basis of the above noted progress, the Power Cell Division under MPEMR proceeded to meet the regulatory requirement of both GOB (ECR-1997) and WB operation policy (1999, OP 4.01) and accordingly conducted a full scale EIA for 2×150 MW PPP at Siddhirganj, Narayanganj (as described above in section 1.1.) and submitted to DOE which was reviewed and approved in 2007 (DOE/Dh. Div./Clearance/14391/2002/3291, dated 13-12-2007). Recently GOB as noted above in section 1.1, planned to construct a 450 MW CCPP in the same earmarked place of initially proposed 2×150 MW gas turbine peaking power plant within the Siddhirganj power plant complex. Under the current situation, a full scale Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) study needs to be conducted and


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submit report to WB to meet their requirement as they consider it as a separate application from Bangladesh for a new project. Simultaneously a copy is needed to be submitted to DOE as an addendum of the previous EIA report of 2×150 MW PPP for acknowledgement and to meet the requirements of clearance clauses. This addendum will help to identify potential environmental and social impacts due to change in the project capacity including machineries and suggests appropriate mitigation and management measures for sustainable environmental growth and development. EGCB Ltd. shall appoint an engineering, procurement and construction company through open bidding process, herein referred to as “EPC contractor”. EGCB Ltd., shall ensure that the appointed EPC contractor address all environmental issues following environmental policies, laws, regulations of the Government of Bangladesh, DoE guidelines, WB guidelines, and EPC contractor’s own corporate policies and guidelines, treatment methodologies and control strategies and also international laws and regulations that are relevant to the development, operation and implementation of the project during contract period. After ending of the contract period with EPC contractor, EGCB Ltd. will take the responsibility and address all environmental issues following the rules and guidelines as stated above through its own Environmental Management Unit (EMU).

The Ministry of Power, Energy and Mineral Resources has appointed an individual consultant (including his team) to conduct EIA study and prepare an independent EIA report for construction and operation of the currently proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP located at Siddhirganj covering both DoE and WB guidelines and their requirements in consultation with Environmental Manager (heading Environmental Management Unit) of EGCB Ltd.

This document is suitable for submission to WB to meet their requirements and acknowledgement to DoE as an addendum necessary to meet Environmental Clearance clauses and will be used by appointed EPC contractor during contract period and after wards the EGCB Ltd., will follow the same for compliance of DoE and WB’s operational obligations.

1.6. Methodology

During the EIA study the following activities were undertaken to establish the baseline information of the study area/project impact area. Site visits were made to the project impact area to collect data on the baseline environmental and socio economic conditions of the EIA study area (project impact area) and to get an idea about the interaction of the project activities with the important environmental components. Collection and study of secondary documents, maps and images were also undertaken. People of all walks of life were consulted extensively to get feed back from the communities surrounding the proposed project site.

Details approaches of EIA activities and secondary materials

General socio-economic household survey and community profile of the study area Ambient air quality monitoring (Chapter-4) Ambient noise monitoring (Chapter-4) Surface and ground water laboratory analysis (Chapter-4) Ecological survey and listing of endangered species (Chapter-4) Fisheries survey (Chapter-4)


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Archaeological and cultural sites survey (Chapter-4) General land use survey surrounding 5km of the project site (Chapter-4) Detailed land use survey surrounding 1 km of the project site (Chapter-4) Reconnaissance soil survey reports and maps (Chapter-4) Consolidated socio-economic survey of surrounding Siddhirganj power plant

complex project location: o Focus group discussions (detailed are in Chapter-5); o Public consultations (detailed are in Chapter-5);

1.7 EIA report structure This report presents the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of the Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP at Siddhirganj Power Plant complex. The EIA is prepared based on TOR and TOC (Annex-I) to meet GOB and WB requirements. The different section of the EIA report is outlined below.

Chapter 1 (Introduction) presents the background and proposed project location including description of the allotted land. It provides EIA status, EIA methodology, EIA activities. Chapter-2 (Review of relevant policies and regulations) includes GOB national policy, industrial policy, GOB laws and regulations. It contains relevant WB operational policy, Bank procedures, Operational directives and good practices. Chapter-3 (Description of the Proposed Project) provides a description of the different aspects of the proposed project, including project location, site development and construction activities, equipment and processes to be employed, water management, waste and emission management and operation and maintenance. Chapter 4 (Existing Environment-Physical) provides a description of the existing physical environment of the study area. The elements of the physical environment of the study area that have been described here include climate, topography and drainage, geology and soils, hydrology and water resources, air quality, noise level, and water quality. It also includes the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem of the study area, and the presence of rare and endangered species. Chapter-5 (Public consultation) contains findings of the public consultation and their recommendation. Chapter-6 (Alternative Analysis) provides an analysis of alternatives with respect to project location, technology options, cooling systems, and also a “no project” scenario. Chapter 7 (Potential Environmental Impacts and Mitigatory Measures) describes the potential environmental impacts of the proposed power plant project and the mitigation measures to reduce or eliminate adverse impacts, along with measures to enhance positive impacts. For this purpose, the project activities has been divided into two phases - construction phase and operation phase and the major environmental impacts of the project activities during each phase have been identified. This Chapter then provides an evaluation of these potential environmental impacts and presents the suggested measures to reduce or eliminate adverse impacts and enhance positive impacts.


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Chapter 8 (Environmental Management Plan including Monitoring programme) presents the environmental management and monitoring plan for the proposed project, both during construction and operation phases. Among other issues, it addresses the detailed monitoring plan (including monitoring parameters, monitoring schedule and resource requirements), occupational health and safety issues and institutional arrangement. Chapter 9 (Risk Assessment and Management) identifies common risks in a power plant associated with accidents that may occur, natural disasters and external threats and outlines important measures to minimize those risks. Chapter 10 (Coordination with other agencies) contains list of different agencies which will be needed to cooperate during project period. Chapter-11 (Beneficial impacts, project enhancement potential) Chapter 12 (Conclusions and Recommendations) presents the conclusions and recommendations of this environmental assessment study. Chapter-13- (References) 1.8. EIA Team The details of the EIA team for conducting EIA studies of the proposed 450 MW CCPP is shown in Annex-II.


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CHAPTER-2: REVIEW OF RELEVANT REGULATIONS

2.1. National Industrial Policy, 1991

The Industrial Policy of 1991 sets 16 objectives towards achieving high industrial growth as well as protecting the environment. The policy describes "to take appropriate measures for preventing environmental pollution and maintaining ecological balance". One of the 32 strategies of the policy relates to environment pollution control. It states that "effective measures will be taken for controlling environmental pollution and maintaining ecological balance".

2.2 National Environmental Policy 1992

Bangladesh National Environment Policy (1992) sets out the basic framework for environmental actions, together with a set of broad sectoral action guidelines. Key elements of the policy are:

Maintenance of the ecological balance and overall progress and development of the country through protection and improvement of the environment;

Protection of the country against natural disasters; Identification and regulation of all types of activities, which pollute and degrade

the environment; Ensuring sustainable utilization of all natural resources; and Active association with all environment-related international initiatives.

2.3. National Energy Policy 1995

The National Energy Policy (1995) addresses both energy conservation and environmental issues. The national Energy policy suggest utilization of energy for sustainable economic growth, supply to different zones of the country, development of the indigenous energy sources and ensure environmentally sound and sustainable energy development programs causing minimum damage to the environment.

The Environment Policy and the Energy Policy have seven recommendations; three of these are relevant to the proposed project:

a. Environmental Impact Assessment should be made mandatory and should constitute an integral part of any new energy development project.

b. Use of economically viable environment friendly technology is to be promoted. c. Popular awareness to be promoted regarding environmental conservation.


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2.4. National Land-use Policy -2001

The Government of Bangladesh has adopted national Land use Policy, 2001. The salient features of the policy objectives relevant to the proposed are as follows:

To prevent the current tendency of gradual and consistent decrease of cultivable land for the production of food to meet the demand of expanding population;

To ensure that land use is in harmony with natural environment; To use land resources in the best possible way and to play supplementary role in

controlling the consistent increase in the number of land less people towards the elimination of poverty and the increase of employment;

To protect natural forest areas, prevent river erosion and destruction of hills; To prevent land pollution; and To ensure the minimal use of land for construction of both government and non-

government buildings.

2.5. Bangladesh Environment Conservation Act 1995 & Environment Conservation Rules 1997

2.5.1. Bangladesh Environment Conservation Act (ECA) 1995 amended 2002.

The Bangladesh Environment Conservation Act (1995) amended 2002 (ECA'95 amended 2002) is currently the main legislative framework document relating to environmental protection in Bangladesh, which repealed the earlier Environment Pollution Control ordinance of 1977.

The main objectives of the ECA, 1995 are:

Conservation and improvement of environment, and Control and mitigation of pollution of environment.

The main provisions of the Act can be summarized as:

Declaration of ecologically critical areas, and restrictions on the operations and processes, which can be carried or can not be initiated in the ecologically critical area;

Regulation in respect of vehicles emitting smoke harmful for the environment. Environmental Clearance; Regulation of industries and other development activities with regards to discharge

permits; Promulgation of standards for quality of air, water, noises and soils for different

areas for different purposes; Promulgation of standard limits for discharging and emitting waste; and Formulation and declaration of environmental guidelines;

The first sets of rules to implement the provisions of the Act were promulgated in 1997. The Department of Environment (DoE) implements the Act. DoE is headed by a Director General (DG). The DG has complete control over the DoE and the main power of DG, as given in the Act, may be outlined as follows:


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Identification of different types and causes of environmental degradation and pollution;

Instigating investigation and research regarding environmental conservation, development and pollution.

Power to close down the activities considered harmful to human life or the environment. The operator does have the right to appeal in such cases and the procedures are in place for this. However, if the incident is considered as an emergency, then there is no opportunity for appeal.

Power to declare an area affected by pollution as an Ecologically Critical Area.

(DoE governs the type of work or process, which can take in such an area. Similar to an aforementioned clause, if any part of the environment is polluted/damaged by operations, the Director General can request or force the operator to make rectifying arrangements.)

Under the Act, operators of industries/projects must inform the Director General of any pollution incident. In the event of an accidental pollution, the Director General may take control of an operation and the respective operator is bound to help. The operator is responsible for the costs incurred and possible payments for compensation.

Before new projects can proceed as stipulated under the rules, an Environmental Clearance must be obtained from the Director General. An appeal procedure does exist for the promoters who fail to obtain such clearance.

Failure to comply with the provisions of this Act may result in a maximum of 10 years imprisonment or a maximum fine of Tk.10,00,000 (Ten lakhs) or both.

2.5.2 Environment Conservation Rules (ECR) 1997 amended 2003.

These are the first set of rules, promulgated under the Environment Conservation Act 1995. Among other things, these rules set (i) the National Environmental Quality Standards for ambient air, various types of water, industrial effluent, emission, noise, vehicular exhaust etc., (ii) requirement for and procedures to obtain Environmental Clearance, and (iii) requirements for IEE/EIA according to categories of industrial and other development interventions.

However, the rules provide the Director General a discretionary authority to grant ‘Environmental Clearance' to an applicant, exempting the requirement of site/location clearance, provided the DG considers it to be appropriate.

2.5.3. Obtaining Environmental Clearance

Presently, "EIA Guidelines for Industries" published by DoE and the "Environment Conservation Rules 1997”are the formal documents providing guidance for conducting Environmental Assessment. Any proponent planning to set up or operate an industrial project requires to obtain an "Environmental Clearance Certificate" from the Department of Environment, under the Environment Conservation Act 1995 amended in 2002.

The first step of obtaining Environmental Clearance for the project the proponent is to apply for it in prescribed form (Form-3 of ECR, 1997), together with a covering letter, to the Director General/ Director of respective DoE divisional offices. The application should include a project feasibility study report, the EIA report, No Objection Certificate (NOC)


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of the local authority; Mitigation Plan for minimizing potential environmental impacts; and appropriate amount of fees in ‘treasury chalan’ (in the present case the amount is Tk=100,000). The DOE authority reserves the right to request additional information, supporting documents, or other additional materials for the proposed project.

The focus of the ECR (1997), lies with the classification of industries into three main categories i.e. Green, Amber and Red; based on their pollution potential.

The proposed project falls under the “Red” category according to ECR’97, and would therefore require, among others, an EIA for obtaining Environmental Clearance from the DoE. Red listed industries are those that can cause 'significant adverse' environmental impacts and are, therefore, required to submit both IEE and an EIA report. These industrial projects may obtain an initial Site Clearance on the basis of an IEE based on the DoE’s prescribed format, and subsequently submit an EIA report for obtaining Environmental Clearance. The current proposed power plant involves three steps. First step involves obtaining site clearance to permit pre-construction and construction activities, second step is to obtain approval of the EIA study and third step is obtaining Environmental Clearance. This permit is required before the power station can be operated. Figure – 2.1 shows the detail steps taken during Environmental Clearance Process in case of “Red” category industries/projects.

Environmental clearance status of the proposed project

The current proposed 450 MW CCPP is planned to be constructed instead of the GOB's original plan for construction of 2x150 MW PPP in the same earmarked site within Siddhirganj Power Plant complex. In this regard, MPEMR already obtained site clearance and approval of EIA from DOE for the original project (2x150 ME PPP). Under the current proposed project for construction of 450 MW CCPP, a full scale ESIA studies has been conducted to meet requirement of WB and a copy to be submitted to DOE as an addendum of the original project (2x150 MW PPP) to meet EIA clearance clauses. The details regarding EIA status of the proposed project is also described above in section 1.5.


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Figure-2.1. Steps Involved in Environmental Clearance

Obtaining Environmental

Clearance

Such a clearance will be subject to

renewal after each three year

i d

APPLICATION TO DOE

GREEN

AMBER A AMBER B RED

The application should enclose : i. General

information; ii. Description

of raw materials & finished products;

iii. An NOC;

The application should enclose: i. Feasibility Study Report (for

proposed industry / project); ii. Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) Report

Process Flow Diagram Lay out plan (showing

location of ETP) Design of ETP

iii. Report on EMP iv. NOC from local authority v. ERP vi. Outline of relocation,

and rehabilitation plan etc.

The application should enclose: i. Feasibility Study Report (for

proposed industry / project); ii. Initial Environmental

Examination (IEE) Report and Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report (for proposed industry / project);

iii. Environmental Management Plan (EMP) Report (for existing industry / project);

iv. An NOC; v. Pollution minimization plan vi. Outline of relocation plan;

etc.

The application should enclose: i. General information; ii. Description of raw

materials & finished products;

iii. An NOC; iv. Process flow

diagram, Layout plan, Effluent disposal system; etc.

Obtaining Site Clearance

Applying for Environmental Clearance



Obtaining Environmental Clearance



Such a clearance will be subject to renewal after

each one year period



Such clearance certificate will be subject to renewal after each one

year period

Such clearance certificate will be subject to renewal after each one

year period


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2.6. Other Relevant Acts

2.6.1. Bangladesh Labour Act (2006) Bangladesh labour Act (2006) provides provision of protection of safety, security and welfare of labour. The main features of the Act are summarized as follows: have full regard for the safety of all persons entitled to be upon the site and keep

the site and works in an orderly state maintain all the lights, guards, fencing, warning signs and watching for the

protection of the Works or for the safety on site, and take all responsible steps to protect nuisance to the workers shall provide proper accommodation to the labours and arrange water supply,

conservancy and sanitation arrangements at the site etc. shall not perform any work on site more than 8 hours, weekly rest day (Friday) or

during the night or on any religious or public holiday without prior approval of the relevant legal Authority

shall not employ child labourers in any circumstances shall have insurance for personal injury or death during employed in the work site

The Act will be used as a guideline for all the workers involved in all the phases (construction, operation and implementation) of the proposed 450 MWCCPP at Siddhirganj power plant complex.

2.6.2. East Bengal Protection and Conservation of Fish Act 1950 (Amended 1982)

The East Bengal Protection and Conservation of Fish Act of 1950, as mended by the Protection and Conservation of Fish (Amendment) Ordinance of 1982 and the Protection and Conservation of Fish (Amendment) Act of 1995, provides provisions for the protection and conservation of fish in inland waters of Bangladesh. This is relatively unspecific and simply provides a means by which the Government may introduce rules to protect those inland waters not in private ownership.

This is framework legislation with rule making powers. Among others, some of these rules may prohibit the destruction of, or any attempt to destroy, fish by the poisoning of water or the depletion of fisheries by pollution, by trade effluent or otherwise.

2.6.3. Bangladesh Industrial Act 1974

The Industrial Act provides the statutory framework for the construction, development, production, processing, refining and marketing of product in Bangladesh. The Act sets out the duties of persons engaged in industrial operation, namely:

"To ensure that such industrial operation is carried on in a proper and work-man-like manner and in accordance with good industrial practices";

“To carry out industrial operations in any area in a manner that does not interfere with navigation, fishing and conservation of resources of the sea and sea-bed"; and

"To consider factors connected with the ecology and environment".


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Bangladesh Industrial Act sets out more specific details related to the environment and safety, which states as follows:

"In particular, and without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing provision, a person engaged in any industrial operation shall, in carrying out such operation in any area, shall:

control the flow and prevent the waste or escape in the area, prevent the escape in that area of any mixture of water or untreated effluent or

water with any other matter, prevent damage to ecological status in any area, whether adjacent to that area or

not, keep separate any waste or waste sludge in the area, and prevent water or any other matter entering in to the natural environment or water

ways or agricultural field.

2.7. World Bank Operational Policies and procedures/ guidelines

Policies & Procedures Bank projects and activities are governed by Operational Policies, which are designed to ensure that they are economically, financially, socially and environmentally sound. The Bank's Operational Manual spells them out, and provides guidance on how to comply with them ("Bank Procedures" and "Good Practices"). Among the key types of policies catalogued in the manual are:

Policies on business products and instruments Safeguard policies, which include Environmental Assessments and policies

designed to prevent unintended adverse effects on third parties and the environment. Specific safeguard policies address natural habitats, pest management, cultural property, involuntary resettlement, indigenous peoples, safety of dams, projects on international waterways and projects in disputed areas.

Fiduciary and Management

The Bank has promulgated a Disclosure Policy in order to make information about its activities widely available. The policy establishes the Bank's general approach to opening its records, and details the many Bank documents available to the public. As the policy demonstrates, the Bank believes that widespread sharing of information is essential for development. It stimulates public debate, broadens public understanding, and enhances transparency and accountability The Inspection Panel helps ensure compliance with Bank policies. An independent body to which individuals and communities can turn if they believe that their rights or interests have been or could be directly harmed by a Bank-financed project. Safeguard Policies The World Bank's environmental and social safeguard policies objective is to prevent and mitigate undue harm to people and their environment in the development process. These


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policies provide guidelines for Bank and borrower staff in the identification, preparation, and implementation of programs and projects. 2.7.1. Relevant safeguard policies 2.7.1.1. OP 4.01-Environmental Assessment

Environmental Assessment is one of the 10 environmental Safeguard Policies of the World Bank. Environmental Assessment is used to identify, avoid, and mitigate the potential negative environmental impacts in projects.

In this project, the purpose of Environmental Assessment is to improve decision making, to ensure that project options under consideration are sound and sustainable, and that potentially affected people have been properly consulted.

The World Bank's environmental assessment policy and recommended processing are described in Operational Policy (OP)/Bank Procedure (BP) 4.01: Environmental Assessment. This policy is considered to be the umbrella policy for the Bank's environmental 'safeguard policies' which among others more relevant for this project include: Natural Habitats (OP 4.04) & Physical Cultural Resources (OP 4.11).

2.7.1.2. 4.04-Natural habitat OP 4.04- Natural Habitats: This section deals with the safeguards of natural habitats, which protect and enhance the environment, and is essential for long term sustainable development. Through this policy the project will consider the impacts of its activities on natural habitats. Although the project is located in an industrial complex, its activities rely upon the Sitalakaya River, a natural habitat and so we must consider implications of extractions of river water and ultimate impacts on its aquatic life. 2.7.1.3. OP 4.20 Cultural property WB OP 4.20-Cultural property provides guidelines during project activities. The contractor shall be responsible for familiarizing themselves with "Chance Finds Procedures" provided in this EIA’s Chapter 8 Environmental Management and Mitigation Plan in case culturally valuable materials are uncovered during excavation or any project activities. If any such culturally valuable properties are found, the EPC contractor shall stop the work and inform Department of Archeology under Ministry of cultural Affairs, GOB for taking necessary measures.

In addition to these requirements, the World Bank also provides recently developed Environment, Health and Safety guidelines for Thermal power plant-2008 (Annex-III) which replaces previously published Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook (1998). Environment, Health and Safety General Guidelines set forth the occupational health, construction/demolition and community protection standards which the project will adopt.

Environmental, Health, and Safety (EHS) guidelines for Thermal Power Plants: The EHS guidelines (Annex-III) are technical reference documents with general and industry-specific examples of Good International Industry Practice (GIIP).


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As the proposed power plant project falls under category-A based on World bank OP 4.01 Environmental Assessment. The World Bank’s Environment, Health and Safety guidelines for Thermal power plant-2008 (Annex-III) is a source of international standards particularly with respect to air emission and wastewater discharge standards in assessing air and water quality impacts as well as noise level due to proposed plant construction and operation to which the project will be held. Any differences will be justified. In brief the air and noise emission standard as per WB Environmental, Health and Safety guidelines for Thermal Power plant-2008 is described below in Table- whereas the details are in Annex-III.

Table-2.1. Air and noise emission levels as specified in Table-6 (B), page 21 of WB EHS-2008 (in mg/Mm3 or as indicated)

Combustion technology/Fuel

Nitrogen oxides (NOx)

Sulfer di-oxide (SO2)

PM O2 content (%)

NDA/DA NDA DA NDA/ DA Natural gas (all turbine types of unit greater than 50 MW th)

51(25 ppm) N/A N/A N/A N/A 15%

Fuels other than natural gas (Unit >>50 MW th)

152 (74 ppm) Use of 1% or less S fuel

Use of 0.5 % or less S fuel

50 30 15%

DA= Degraded air shed; NDA=Non-degraded air shed; N/A= Not Applicable

2.8. International Conventions

Bangladesh is a signatory of several international environmental conventions, which include: Biodiversity, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection and Wetlands. Bangladesh has also signed Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. The agreement of GOB to the Kyoto Protocol signifies to reduce production of any kind of emission from any new and old point sources which will have impact in the climate change. In this regard, the current proposed 450 MW CCPP may have potential impacts in the ambient air quality due to emission of Nox, CO, CO2 and SOx etc. Therefore, GOB will take necessary precaution measures during construction and operation phases of the proposed 450 MW CCPP to reduce emission of above gases and keep within GOB standards and WB guidelines as stated in Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines for Thermal Power Plant-2008 (Annex-III).


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CHAPTER-3: PROJECT DESCRIPTION

3.1. Description of the project site

The proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP construction site is within Siddhirganj Power Plant Complex and is located in Siddhirganj Pourashava under Narayanganj district. The project site is a medium highland and currently used as fallow and portion of it is occupied by an abandoned old store on the South-east side of the allotted land within Siddhirganj Power Plant Complex. Detailed information about project location is described in the section 1.2 of this document. The project site will be initially cleared by demolition of abandoned old stores (detail is described in section 3.12.2) located within the area, upgrading the site as needed. The lay out plan of the proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP is shown in Fig.-3.1. 3.2. Existing major infrastructure within Siddhirganj Power Plant complex The major existing infrastructures within the Siddhirganj power plant complex are listed below:

(1) A 210 MW steam turbine power plant: It produces 180-200 MW of electricity. The plant currently produces 44,60,400 KWHr electricity per day.

(2) A 2x 120 MW gas turbine Peaking Power Plant: It is newly built under financial assistance of ADB and operating under management of EGCB.

(3) Two 132 KV Sub-stations. (4) Gas reducing main station. (5) A water treatment plant. (6) Residential complex for almost 3000 people. (7) A school located close to the site of the proposed 2150 MW plant. (8) Two mosques. (9) A hospital, and (10) Shops and some other common facilities that can be expected in a small

township. Figure 3.2 shows the above noted major infrastructure within the Siddhirganj power plant complex. The 210 MW thermal power plant is located on the eastern side of the complex. The 2x120 MW gas turbine Peaking Power plant is also located on the eastern side of the complex close to the bank of the Sitalakhya river. The proposed site for Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP is the vacant land on the north-western corner of the complex. The 132 KV sub-station is located on the eastern side of the proposed site. A abandoned old store yard is located to the south-east of the project site. The backside boundary of the high school of the power plant complex is located just opposite to the 132 KV sub-station. The school boundary wall is about 200 ft (60 m) away from the south-eastern boundary of the project site. Residential quarters are located to the east of the school and also to the south of the school on the other side of the main road passing through the complex in the east-west direction.

3.3. Transportation to the project site for construction activities

For transportation of heavy components of the proposed CC Power Plant from Chittagong Port to site, river transportation is the only solution. Since the plant is located by the side


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of the Sitalakhya River, a suitable jetty will have to be constructed and the heavy parts will be transported by barge and unloaded at site by using the jetty. Crane with appropriate handling capacity will be organized either at site or brought with the barge for unloading the cargoes. During transportation of heavy equipment for the proposed project the EPC contractor shall follow WB environmental, Health, and safety guidelines for shipping (April-2007) and also related GOB regulations.

It is expected that most civil construction materials will be procured from industry/markets of Dhaka and will be transported to project site by both Dhaka-Chittagong high way and also Shitalakhya river transport ways. The nearest sea port will be Chittagong sea port and imported machinery will be transported from Chittagong port to Siddhirganj via Dhaka-Chittagong Highway and also by Shitalakhya river transport ways. Essential small machinery or electrical/electronic parts will also be transported to Dhaka by aircraft and from Air port to Siddhirganj, Narayanganj via Dhaka-Chittagang highway. 3.4. Life cycle overview The life cycle identifies the major issues that are concerns and are likely to evolve over the life of a project. The major issues and concerns throughout the life cycle of the proposed power plant are construction, operation and maintenance including decommissioning. These issues have been considered during EIA. The key activities to be completed and facilities to be constructed and operated for the life time of the proposed project are described below. 3.4.1 Construction phase The EPC contractor and their sub-contractors will construct the power station and adhere to the WB Environmental, Health, and Safety General Guidelines (General EHS Guidelines-2007) and together with the WB relevant industry sector EHS Guidelines (2007), relevant GOB regulations and also EPC contractor's Safety, Health and Environmental Policy and Procedures Manual. During construction phase large number of labours will be employed. EPC contractor where appropriate will provide project site housing and support facilities, as per WB guidelines (WB, EHS Guidelines-2007), GOB guidelines and also EPC contractor's EHS manual. The EPC contractor shall supply the drinking water facility and dispense to workers consistent with GOB drinking water quality standards (Annex-IV). Toilets with septic tank facilities will be provide to workers. In addition to that EPC contractor shall take necessary measures for dust protection following World Bank (Environmental, Health and Safety guidelines for Thermal Power Plant (2008), EHS guidelines-2007) and GOB regulations. This may be noted that during construction phase, all major power plant components will be manufactured out side Bangladesh and transported to the project site.


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Fig,-3.1. Lay out plan fro the proposed 450 MW CCPP at project site


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Fig-3.2. Plot map showing existing infrastructures and surroundings within 1km of proposed 450 MW CCPP project site


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3.4.2. Operation and maintenance phase The major concern during construction phase and related mitigations are described below. Natural gas shall be used as a primary fuel for the proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP. Since there is no Sulphur in the natural gas proposed to be supplied for the above project by Titas GasGas, emissions of sulphur dioxide (SO2) pollutant will be nil and the necessary for flue gas treatment shall not be required.

The emission of NOx can be controlled by following methods

Dry Low NOx Burners Water or Steam Injection Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR)

The new gas turbine unit will employ either or water injection system or dry low-NOx burner to reduce NOx emission to levels capable of complying with the World Bank requirement (Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines for Thermal Power Plant-2008) and GOB related regulations.

The emission of carbon monoxide (CO) can be controlled by using appropriate combustion control and proper maintenance of the gas turbine unit. Moreover, using CCGT technology produces only two-third of emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) per kWhr produced as compared to simple cycle.

This may be noted that It was not possible to conduct a power plant emission modelling due to time constrain, therefore, it is suggested that the EPC contractor shall conduct an above noted emission dispersion modeling for appropriate functioning of the power plant complying GOB and WB guidelines. Water flow in Sitalakhya river during extreme lean period was 127 m3/sec (Water modeling study by IWM on Sitalakhya river during 2007-2008) The feasibility report for proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP indicated that the plant will consume approximately 14 m3/sec which is about 11.02% of the total flow of water in the extreme lean period. It is estimated that the industries surrounding Siddhirganj power plant complex area will consume net 23.55% of the total flow of river whereas the rest of 76.48% river water flow will be still available for natural environment and aquatic ecology which is viable for sustainable natural environment. In spite of this estimation, it is strongly suggested that the EPC contractor shall conduct water modelling study before designing 450 MW CCPP. The details about water abstraction and availability of water in the Sitalakhya river is also described in section 3.7.3. During operation and maintenance stage EPC contractor shall collect waste lubricating and hydraulic oils and delivered to a licensed contractor who has facilities to treat waste oils and is permitted to recycle the treated oil for other purposes.


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During plant operation and maintenance phase the EPC contractor shall maintain waste management, all gaseous emission, effluent discharges and noise emission with limit as prescribed in GOB guidelines (ECR-1997) and WB guidelines (Environmental, Health, and Safety guidelines for Thermal power plan (2008) and also WB General EHS guidelines-2007) Car pooling will be encouraged to minimize plant generated traffic by the EPC contractor during O & M period. 3.4.3. Decommissioning Naturally the power plant will continue longer time than design life. If the proposed power plant is constructed and operated by EPC contractor during contract period following GOB, WB guidelines, and as per recommendation of EIA, there should not be significant environmental liabilities that will require remediation during decommissioning. However, EGCB Ltd. will take all environmental management responsibility after the end of contract period of EPC contractor appointed for the proposed project. 3.5. Technology selection and configuration of the Project The feasibility study team concluded that a combined cycle is the best option for the proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW power plant within Siddhirganj power plant complex. It is inferred that a combined cycle power plant with a nominal capacity at 300MW -450MW at site condition of configuration 1:1:1 composed of one 334MW ISO rated gas turbine unit (or convenient), plus one heat recovery boiler, and one 154MW steam turbine unit (or convenient) in multi shaft is the maximum capacity that can be chosen from among the various standard machines based on the available space at the project site. 3.6. Project components The major components of the proposed Siddhirganj power plant project under financial assistance of WB include both on site and off site components which are as follows: (i) a 450 MW CCPP (on site project activities to be implemented by EGCB Ltd.) (ii) 60 km natural gas pipeline (off site project activities to be implemented by GTCL) (iii) a power evacuation facility of 11 km, 230 kv electricity transmission line and substations at Siddhirganj and Manmiknagar (off site project activities to be implemented by PGCB). The present EIA describes the construction, operation and implementation of the proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP located at the Siddhirganj power plant complex. The other off site components will be implemented by respective agencies as mentioned above and their necessary environmental regulatory requirements will also be addressed by them as per GOB and WB guidelines which are also described in section 1.1. 3.7. Power plant components General components of the proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP project to be constructed include the following:


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In site facilities-

(a) Plant facility comprising 01gas turbines, 01 HRSG set up, 01 steam turbine, generator, transformer and ancillary facilities.

(b) Chemical Water Treatment plant (c) Effluent treatment plant (ETP) (d) Cooling Tower (e) Circulating Pump House (f) Switch room (g) Emergency generator and transformers

Civil structures- (i) Generator and Substation Control room, administration, amenities, and workshop

facility if necessary (j) Fire protection tank, water tank and septic tank. (k) Construction of internal roads (l) Security fencing and gatehouse.

Offsite facilities-

(m) High voltage switchyard (n) CW Pump House (o) The 11 km 230 KV line-to be implemented by PGCB (not included in this EIA) (p) 60 km gas transmission line-to be implemented by GTCL (not included in this EIA)

Brief descriptions of some of the major components and their main requirements are described below: Description of Combined Cycle Power Plant

Two thermo-dynamic cycles, the Brayton Cycle and the Rankin Cycle, are employed to convert thermal energy to work for a single power plant, and therefore, it is named as the Combined Cycle. This technology in the first step employs a gas turbine to convert about 25-38% of input energy to electricity; and thereafter, its exhaust hot gas mass (over 500oC) carrying about 55-65% of initial heat input, is used in a heat recovery steam generator to raise steam. The steam thus available is employed to run a steam turbine generator to produce electricity that accounts for about 20% of input energy. Thus an overall efficiency of 45 to 55% or even more is obtained in the latest designs. It may be noted that no furnace to burn fuel is required in this case; instead, a heat recovery steam generator without firing system and air handling system is required. Combined cycle power plants are suitable for intermediate and base load operation.

3.7.1. Gas Turbine

The type of gas turbine which will be selected for the proposed project shall be identified as being suitable for the project and will meet National (Annex-V) and WB emission standards


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described in Environmental. Health and Safety guidelines for Thermal Power Plant-2008 (Annex-III) .In addition, the turbine supplier shall have the capacity of offering a long-term spare parts and services agreement for their turbines. 3.7.2. Steam Turbine Unit

The Project will include steam turbine generator units. The steam turbines will be capable of operating in both fixed and sliding-pressure modes, and in a modified sliding-pressure mode .During normal operation, the steam turbine operates without throttling the main steam flow (sliding-pressure mode).

Overloading requirements specified in International Electro technical Commission standard (IEC) 60045 will be taken into account.

Combined steam-gas cycle has some advantages: (i)Energy generation is clean—i.e., it’s the most acceptable technology from an

environmental/ecological standpoint. (ii) High efficiency factor, more than 50%. (iii) Minimal land requirement (iv) Minimal water requirements. (v) Fast operations. The station starts and shuts downs quickly, so it is possible to operate

the facility both for base and peak load . (vi)Facility construction time is short; accordingly, less time is required to repay the

investment. (vii) High level of automation and smaller number of staff required. (viii) A wide range of fuels can be used, including natural gas, diesel oil, and fuel oil.

3.7.3. Combined-Cycle Power Plant Cooling Water System

The cooling water system of the power plant will be a closed cooling water system.

The 450 MW CCPP extracts its cooling water from the Sitalakhya River. Because of the need for more cooling water, and to ensure the Project facility’s efficient operation during its expected life time, it is necessary to ensure good flow and quality of water availability in the Sitalakhya river across seasons. This project proposes to use water from the Sitalakhya River for this purpose; approximately 14 m3/sec of make up water will be pumped from the river. To understand the above fact, it is necessary to conduct water modelling study which is not possible during the present EIA study due to time constrain. Therefore, it is suggested that the EPC contractor shall conduct a water modelling study to understand the current and future availability of water flow in the Sitalakhya river and shall design the proposed 450 MW CCPP accordingly.

At present during the EIA study, an attempt is made to assess the water requirements of all the power plants and other industries located at the closed vicinity of Siddhirganj power plant complex and estimated their total consumption water against the flow of Sitalakhya river at Siddhirganj power plant complex area. The analysis is as follows:


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Water abstraction and related calculations: According to the IWM study around the Siddhirganj project area in 2007, the river water flow in the extreme lean period during February was reported to be 127m3/sec. The calculated water abstraction from the river by the existing surrounding power plants area recorded as follows (Table-3.1): Table-3.1. Water abstraction calculation based on lean period

Sl. No. Particulars of Power Plant and other industries at Project area

Amount of Water

1 210MW thermal power plant, Siddhirganj, Narayanganj

8.5 m3/sec; once through method cooling.

2 Pendakar 450MW CCPP, Haripur, Narayanganj

10.5 m3/sec; once through cooling.

Sub Total

19 m3/sec; once through cooling, which is being back to the river again.

3 NEPC 110MW BMPP, Haripur, Narayanganj

0.03 m3/sec (appx)

4 Particle Board and others, Haripur, Narayanganj

2 m3/sec (appx);

5 Proposed 360MW CCPP, Haripur, Narayanganj

13.88 m3/sec (appx) for make up water

6 Proposed Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP, Siddhirganj, Narayanganj

14 m3/sec (appx) for make up water

Sub Total

29.91 m3/sec (appx) for make up water

Grand Total 48.91 m3/sec (appx)

Out of total river water flow 127m3/sec in extreme lean period, approximately 48.91 m3/sec is being used by the surrounding industries (calculation shown above) and 78.09 m3/sec is left as natural flow in the river for other environmental uses at surrounding areas. It is generally accepted that out of total river flow only 15-20% is required for viable natural environment. In this calculation 38.51% of total river flow is being abstracted for cooling and other purposes, out of this 38.51%, the 14.96% is being used for once through cooling process which is ultimately released back to the river, so the net 23.55% is being used up by the


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industries and rest of 76.48% river water flow is still available for natural environment and aquatic ecology which is viable for sustainable natural environment. It may be mentioned that, the proposed Siddhirganj 450MW World Bank financed power plant will consume 11.02% (approximately) of the total flow of this river water. For establishment of further power plant and any industries the authority should make a through study for successful implementation of any project.

From the above thump analysis it is expected that there will be sufficient water for cooling tower option of the proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP at Siddhirganj power plant complex but it is strongly suggested that the EPC contractor shall conduct water modelling study before designing 450 MW CCPP (as described above).

3.7.3.1. High and Low Pressure Steam System

The system design using both high and low pressure allows the steam generator and steam turbine to function without any limitations under full load.

3.7.3.2. Feed water System and Main Condensate System

The feed water pumps will be designed according to the HRSG code. The Project will be used as base-load to the grid thus it will be possible to use the main condensate pumps and feed-water pumps with constant speed. The capacity of the feed water tank will be sufficient to provide error-free operation.

Performance of steam generator installation is provided even if the quantity of returning condensate and make-up water (feed water) changes. The plant will be supplied with a condensate filter.

3.7.3.3.WaterTreatment System

Separate water treatment facility will be constructed for proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP. The facility for treatment of feed water will consist of, but not be limited to, the following systems and equipment: (i) raw-water pumps, (ii) raw water tanks (iii) clarifier (v) demineralization lines, (vi) feed water pumps. Clarifier Raw water which is supplied from the river will be pumped into the clarification system and primary setting and aeration. Before entering into the clarifier tank, treatment chemicals such as lime, alum and coagulant aid will be added to the water as necessary to aid filtration of the suspensions and to partially reduce water hardness. Demineralisation Demineralized water storage tanks and a distribution system will be installed as part of the water treatment system. An appropriate anion exchanger will also be incorporated into the


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design of the water treatment system to increase resistance to organic fouling, enabling the generation of the appropriate water quality. 3.7.3.4. Tests for Water and Steam Cycle

Samples will be taken from different parts of the system and tested to control the water and steam circulating system. Continuous and periodic sampling will be performed and tested in the laboratory. Samples in the cooling chamber must be kept in a building near the laboratory.

3.7.3.5. Waste Water Treatment System (Treatment and Discharge of Wastewater)

Separate waste water treatment system will be built for the proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP. This may be noted that all waste water of the plant including settled sludge from the clarifier, waste from the chemical waste area, demineralization plant, HRSG etc. will be treated in the WWTP.

The power station design will minimize the quantity of consumables and wastewater. Waste water of the power plant will be channelled to the Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP). The WWTP shall be developed based on the recent available environmental friendly technology. One of the option for the WWTP technology may be Electric Contaminant Removal (ECR) technology. But in all cases WWTP discharges must comply GOB and WB standards. The sewage pond will be protected against overheating. Sewage effluent quality will be monitored against GOB and WB standards. Sludge management The solid sludge generated will be stored temporarily (within project site) and will be reused in an environmental friendly manner following WB and GOB guidelines. 3.7.4.Generators and Systems for Power Output

3.7.4.1.Generator Facilities

The Project is expected to be based on one gas turbine generator, one steam turbine generator having subsequent transformer facilities with sufficient back up system.

The control of gas and steam turbine generators and plant electrical systems are performed by the automation system of the plant via its digital control system (DCS)—i.e., the man-machine interface is through the monitors and keyboards of the DCS in the control room of the plant. The 230 kV, transmission line switchgears (compatible with the proposed system) each have separate control systems with monitors in the control room. These control systems are linked to the DCS for information exchange. The daily control of the electrical system during normal operation concern mainly generator plants operations, like synchronizing and adjusting the reactive output and voltage.


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3.7.5. Automation and Control System

3.7.5.1. Level of Automation

The plant operations will be automated as follows: (i) the main DCS; (ii) safety related system; (iii) separate control systems (if necessary) for gas turbines, steam turbines, water treatment facilities, etc. using programmable logic controllers; (iv) control room devices for man machine interfaces; and (v) site instrumentation and data acquisition.

The cabinets containing the control systems will be placed in a room in the control building. Electronic cabinets dedicated to signal acquisition (remote input/output) cabinets) could be installed at field. For all the equipment not installed in air conditioned environment, provisions will be made for an adequate protection degree (IP 55 minimum or compatible).

The design of the automation system will generally comply with IEC standards. The measurement units employed will correspond to the international system of units.

3.7.5.2. Main Control Room

All of the normal control and monitoring tasks (starting, stopping, normal operation, and load variation) of the Project will be performed from operator terminals in the main control room. In addition, separate local control rooms may be built to control and monitor certain sub processes.

The lighting of the control room will be designed to avoid or minimize optical disturbances, in particular on the monitors.

Similar care will be paid to minimizing the effects of other potential disturbances (temperature extremes, moisture, noise, etc.). 3.7.6. Fuel System

The main fuel used by the Project will be natural gas (gas turbine units and auxiliary boiler or compatible) The gas will be supplied via a transmission pipeline. The power of the gas compressor station will be approximately 400,000 m3/hour or will be will be compatible with the gas turbine in load rejection without interruption.

The gas supply system will include full control and instrumentation equipment for automatic control from the DCS, as well as for the proper supervision, safe and efficient operation during start-up, shutdown and normal running conditions.

Safety shutdown systems will be provided to protect the compressors and associated equipment. Particular attention will be paid to protecting against pressure particularly those caused by tripping of the gas turbines.


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3.7.7. Compressed Air System

The compressed air system will supply compressed air for tools, instruments, and combustion process. All compressed air will be filtered and dried. If the main compressor fails or if the system pressure drops to a certain point, alarms on the DCS will go off and the standby compressor will automatically start.

Any single failure in compressed air system will not disturb the operation of the system because of back up measures. 3.7.8. Safety System (Preservation) of the Project

The Project will be designed to preserve all parts and minimize the risk of corrosion. There will be provisions for the preservation of the Plant for a short term standby and for a long term standby will be arranged.

The HRSG, the main condensate line, the feed water tank, and the feed water lines will be filled with water with chemical additives to keep the required pH-value. Circulation of the water will be arranged with auxiliary pipelines and feed water pumps. Steam lines will be dried or preserved with nitrogen or as per design of the process. Facilities for air circulation with dehumidified air will be provided for the steam turbine cylinders and heat exchangers. When ending the preservation phase of the above mentioned parts, the water used will be transferable to the neutralization basin as per design of the proposed machine. 3.8. Power evacuation system There is a 230 kV Grid sub-station at Siddhirganj power complex owned by PGCB (Power Grid Company of Bangladesh). The generated power from the proposed power plant shall be connected to the 230 kV bus of the above 230 kV national grid.

3.9 ANCILLARY SERVICES AND MISCELLANEOUS EQUIPMENT

3.9.1. Site development

Detailed sub-soil investigation will have to be carried out for preparing detailed engineering plans for site development. However, based on lay out plant it has been noted that site development involves demolition of an abandoned old store located on the south-west side of the proposed 450 MW CCPP (details are in section-3.12.2). It is expected that the construction of the proposed power plant will require heavy plant equipment to be delivered to the site. The main components e.g. gas turbine, generator and transformers, will be assembled overseas and delivered to the site. The remaining plant and equipment will be erected at the site. The site is large enough to permit lay down areas and parking within the site on existing cleared paddocks during civil works to prepare the site.


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Land development above flood levels The land for the proposed power plant shall be raised to eliminate seasonal floods. It is suggested that the EPC contractor shall raise land 1 meter above the 50 years highest flood level which is 6.93 PWD. Similar recommendation was also made in the EIA of 2×150 MW PPP previously planned to be located in the same place at Siddhirganj power plant complex. 3.9.2. Demolition work

There will be a very minimum demolition work required during land development and site preparation of the proposed 450 MW CCPP located at Siddhirganj power plant complex. The abandoned old store of PGCB and a boundary wall of DPDC at the south-east side of the proposed project site will be needed to be demolished (Fig.-3.3) as a part of the site preparation to accommodate space for setting of the configuration of proposed power plant as suggested in the feasibility report.

Fig.3.3. The old store on the south-east side to be demolished The demolition work will be conducted under direct supervision of EGCB Ltd., with own financial assistance as pre-requisite for clearing of land and making it available for proposed construction activities. Both social and the land use survey results indicate that currently there is no person occupying or living (legally or illegally) in the premises of abandoned old store which is planned to be demolished for construction of proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP and therefore, no relocation or resettlement is needed to be addressed. The detail area map of demolition site is shown in Fig-3.4 The demolition work will be done fully by mechanical means and shall be confined within limited times during school holidays in day period. The Environmental Management Unit (EMU) of EGCB Ltd, will monitor over all environmental management and occupational health and safety issues during implementation of the demolition work. EGCB will notify concern authority regarding demolition schedule before initiation of the demolition work. The demolition work will create dust and noise pollution in the surrounding area. Therefore, there will be regular water spray to minimize dust particle, the debris will be covered with polythene sheet temporarily before disposal for reuse or land filling. In addition, all workers shall use musk during working time to avoid inhalation of dust particles. During demolition work GOB regulation and WB guidelines (WB Environmental, Health and safety general guidelines for Construction/Demolition-2007 and any other pertinentWB guidelines) will be followed.


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Fig-3.4. Proposed Siddhirganj power plant project site showing the old abandoned store supper structure to be demolished


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3.9.3. Civil, Structural, and Building Works

3.9.3.1. General Design Criteria

The civil, structural, and building works will include the complete engineering and construction of all foundations, structures, and installation services needed to ensure the satisfactory operation of the Project. The work will at minimum comply with any standards, GOB and BS (British standard) codes, or relevant civil construction code. All parts of the Project that needs to be enclosed in a building that meets the requirements of the local planning authority. Special attention will be paid to ensure that the facilities are functional and of pleasant appearance. Buildings housing will be adequately proportioned to facilitate the installations, operation, maintenance, and replacement of the plant.

The buildings and structures will be designed to have a minimum working life of 25 years before significant repair or replacement of the main or secondary structural elements is necessary.

The design will take into account the climatic and seismic conditions of the site which could normally be considered applicable during the minimum working life of the Project. 3.9.3.2. Scope of Civil Work

Planned civil engineering and building works inside the site boundary limits are outlined below. This is not necessarily an exhaustive list.

(i)Preliminary works; (a) stripping and grading of site, (b) building of temporary roads, (c) services and drainage diversion of water, (d) permanent ducts, draw pits, pipe work, and (e) fencing and hard standings of the site.

(ii)Site works; (a) under ground utilities, and (b) landscaping.

(iii)Civil construction works; (a) security fencing; (b) roads, parking lots, and paved areas; (c) pipe trenches and channels; (d) cable trenches and ducts; (e)drainage of water; (f) foundations for pipe racks and pipe support; (g) foul water drainage; (h) industrial sewage water; (i) 230 kV and 132 kV gas-insulated switchgear buildings; (j) HRSG and stack foundations; (k) steam turbine building and steam turbine foundation; (l) gas turbine building and gas turbine foundations; (m) electrical building; (n) control room and office buildings; (o) workshops and store buildings; (p) gas turbine transformer site; (q) steam turbine transformer compound; (r) 230 kV and 132 kV system transformer compounds; (s) water treatment plant building and associated tank foundations; (t) gas compressor station, and (u) mechanical building services. 3.9.3.3. Architectural and Structural works

All of the structures below ground level will be made of reinforced concrete. The main buildings will be steel-framed or reinforced concrete buildings which need to be confirmed with EGCB Ltd. The main cladding material will be colored profiled metal sheeting in standard factory colors. All supporting structural steel work, non-galvanized handrails and chequered plates will be protected against corrosion by a coating system and decorative paint system. The paint protection will serve a minimum of 15 years before first maintenance.


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The floors will be structural ground slab, suspended reinforced concrete slab or steel open grid flooring, in accordance with the loading and requirements of usage. Where required for structural reasons, sound transmission, or fire prevention, internal walls will be of concrete, concrete block, or brickwork. Otherwise, internal walls will be of lightweight panel construction. Staff and escape doors and frames will mainly be made of painted steel. Vehicular access and doors for construction purposes will be plastic coated steel roller shutter doors or folding gates with personnel access doors. Internal office doors and frames in the control/electrical building will be of solid cored timber. Areas with permanent staff occupancy will be provided with metal framed windows with double glazing. The main stairway servicing the main building will be enclosed in a fireproof shaft. External emergency staircases will consist of spiral steel stairs. The internal surfaces of the buildings will depend on the characteristics and function of the building.

The gas turbine and steam turbine buildings will be furnished with an overhead traveling crane with sufficient lifting capacity to ensure effective maintenance. The removal of generator rotors will be possible without need to demolish any fixed structure.

Special tools and equipment for generator rotor removal will be provided. The following will be considered for maintenance of various components:

(i) All important components (i.e. pumps, motors, valves, etc.) will be equipped with proper lifting beam or rail for chain hoist above them. (ii) Gas turbine/steam turbine building will be provided with adequate lay-down areas needed for major overhauls. (iii) Gas turbine/steam turbine building will be sized to accommodate all the steam bypass system without any restriction being imposed on maintenance. 3.9.3.4. Roads and Hardstandings

Permanent roads will be provided so that all Project equipment and buildings can be easily accessed. All vehicle roads including concrete curbs will be covered with bitumen macadam on hardcore sub-base.

3.9.3.5. Transformer Foundation

Foundation of transformers will be made of reinforced concrete. The foundations will include holding sumps with adequate provision for rainwater and will have a special oil removal system in case of oil spillage. Each transformer will be enclosed by reinforced concrete blast/fire walls on three sides and by a removable fence with personnel access gate on the remaining side. 3.9.3.6. Cable Trenches and Pipe Racks

Where direct burial is not suitable, underground cables and pipes will be in trenches. Trenches will be constructed to provide adequate access for maintenance purposes. Trenches will be outfitted with removable reinforced concrete cover slabs. Electrical cables may be laid in PVC-cable ducts. Routes will be outfitted with manholes. The above ground pipe racks will have


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minimum headroom of 5.5 m in the trafficable areas. 3.9.3.7. Landscaping

The objective of landscaping will to minimize the visual intrusion and reducing the adverse nature of any significant visual impact due to the new construction.

3.9.3.8. Drainage and Domestic and Industrial Wastewater

Separate drainage systems will be provided for storm-water runoff, domestic sewage, oily wastes, and chemically contaminated discharges. 3.9.3.9. Water Supply

Water for cooling process, drinking, sanitary facilities, and showers will be sourced from the existing water system at the designated terminal point. EPC contractor shall install a properly maintained water filtration system which will be used to provide high quality camp/field office/guard shade water free from contaminants (eg. heavy metals, coliforms). Camp water will be periodically tested during the construction program. Water for emergency/fire fighting; these will be located at the project site, in addition to that, water from the adjacent Rivers out side Siddhirganj Power Plant area boundary will also be available for fire fighting. 3.9.3.10. Mechanical Building Services and Fire Protection

The new units will employ a hot water heating system with supply and return pipes. Electrical and automation rooms will be heated by electrical panels. The heating elements will be mainly air heaters with fans and radiators made of corrugated steel sheets.

The ventilation system will provide fresh air to occupied areas: (i) to control room temperature and humidity, (ii) to remove excess heat released from the generating process, (iii) to remove noxious fumes and chemical vapours, and (iv) to keep proper pressure differences between certain rooms to prevent the ingress of dust and noxious fumes

The heating, ventilation, and air conditioning equipment will have a centralized control system that includes a computer and printer. The control system will be located in the main control room. The entire Project will have adequate fire-protection and fire-detection systems in place, and will conform to National Fire Protection Association and local fire authority regulations.

3.9.4. Excavation of land and foundation work.

Soil tests will be done by EPC contractor or 3rd party (sub-contractor under EGCB Ltd.) for obtaining soil quality related engineering information for proper foundation and super-structure design. The excavation of land for construction of the proposed 450 MW CCPP will be conducted mechanically by using heavy earth moving equipment. After necessary excavation, the pile work for foundation of all combined cycle gas turbine, Steam boiler, generators, steam turbine of Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP will be conducted following approved foundation works and local construction methodologies (EPC contractor


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and sub-contractor’s construction manual including GOB and WB guidelines). During excavation if any kind of cultural property is identified that will be considered as GOB property and will be handed over to GOB relevant department following WB OP 4.20-Cultural property Policy and also GOB regulation. 3.10. Off site components The off site components of the proposed project is described below. 3.10.1. Gas transmission lines 60 km gas transmission line: This gas transmission line will be dedicated line from Bakhrabad, Comilla to Siddhirganj, Narayanganj crossing the major river Meghna river, Shitalakhya river and other small canals and depressed high lands. 3.10.2. 230 KV Power distribution lines and substations The 230KV Siddhirganj AIS (Air insulated) grid sub station will be connected with 230 KV GIS (Gas insulated) sub station located at Maniknagar through 11 km 230 KV line for generated power evacuation from proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP project..

3.11. Domestic waste disposal

All solid and kitchen waste will be segregated in separate bins or drums labelled properly. And will be finally disposed in domestic disposal sites located in a designated area. Other wastes will be recycled where practical or disposed of at an approved waste handling facility. Waste and sewage handling will be contracted to a local contractor and periodically audited by EGCB Ltd. A Chain of Custody form will be used to help track disposal procedures.

3.12. Surface drainage control

The construction site will have proper containment systems installed to prevent offsite drainage of effluent causing potential impact to the environment. Engine oils from different equipments will be collected and disposed off properly. Other potential sources of spillage will be equipped with containment systems or drip pans in order to protect the environment.

3.13. Accident control system

The land slide may be occurred during pilling work but proper control measured will be taken for prevention of such accident. All construction and operation work will be conducted following Contractor corporate construction and operation manuals. In addition to that, worker’s safety (both construction and operational workers) will also be ensured by following occupational health and safety rules of the Contractor(s) and that of EGCB Ltd. corporate policies.

3.14. Traffic control

Heavy vehicles will be generally moved from dawn to dusk and no traffic movements will be allowed during the night unless they are absolutely necessary. The speed limits will be enforced on road traffic. Vehicular movements will be restricted to designated roads and drivers will be expected to show precaution and respect when encountering local villagers using the road system.


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CHAPTER-4: BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION

4.1. Project Region 4.1.1 Project location and land Area The project site is located in the Siddhirganj Pourashava within Narayan ganj district under Dhaka Division. The Narayanganj district is divided in to five thanas. These are Bandar, Narayanganj sadar, Sonargaon, Rupganj and Demra under Narayanganj district. The project area is an industrial site in the eastern outskirt of the Dhaka city. The Siddhirganj is a semi-urban area where most of the population is engaged in industrial and commercial activities. The area is economically very active. The project area is mostly consists of people of middle and lower middle class. Total household and population of project impact area for 2009 (based on the BBS-2001 and projected to 2009) is 522429 and 2306890 with average household size 4.4, which is lower than the national average of 5.4. Overall sex ratio (Male / Female x 100) of the area is 118, which is higher than the national average sex ratio of 106 as per 2001 population census report of BBS. The total land area of Narayanganj district is about 759.57 km2. The population and household of approximately 1 km impact area around the proposed plant location cover part of Siddhirganj and Sumil Para Union under Narayanganj Sadar upazila. Total households and population, which will have the direct and indirect influence of the proposed project according to 2009 (based on BBS-2001 and projected to 2009) will be 87976 and 35223526 respectively.

4.1.2. Existing land use pattern

Existing land use within project impact area (5km surrounding project site) was determined by on screen digitizing and extensive ground truthing GPS (Global Positioning System). The study area is mostly occupied with heavy industries such as Siddhirganj power plant complex, Adamjee EPZ complex, Silo project within industrial zone including some small industries distributed within Adamjee EPZ campus and scattered around the project area. In addition, there is a massive settlement in the residential area adjacent to industrial installations including some water bodies and agricultural lands which are used for cultivation of crops. The details land use within 5 km of the project area is shown in Fig-4.1. The project impact area is predominant by many industries and they are discharging emission to the surrounding air and also effluent to the adjacent water ways. The survey results revealed that a steel mill located at the South-West corner adjacent to the proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP at Siddhirganj power plant complex. The continuous smoke (above DOE standards) of the steel mill will damage highly expensive sophisticated air filter and also other parts/accessories of equipment and machineries of the proposed Siddhrganj 450 MW CCPP at Siddhirganj power plant campus (Fig-3.2). In this context, it is essential for EGCB Ltd., to request DOE for enforcement of regulatory requirements against the above


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noted steel mill to comply emission standards immediately for protection of life, environment and national assets. Agricultural land use and water bodies The agriculture land includes Boro land, Boro-Transplanted Aman, Rabi crops-Transplanted Aman. Another major use of land is homestead forest consisting of timber, medicinal and fuel wood plant. There are many ponds, rivers and canals which are used for irrigation, fisheries and also habitat of wild birds. The details are shown in Fig-4.1 and Table-4.1. Table-4.1. Distribution of different land use within 1km of the project impact area

Land use Hectares Land use Hectares

Brick Field 2.845 Power Plant Area 33.603

Commercial Area 6.783 Reclaimed Area 1.301 Crop Land 35.853 Settlement 122.636 Housing Area 3.222 Vacant Land 8.468 Industrial Area 29.545 Water 38.128 Mix Garden 3.899

4.1.3. Physiographic and Hydro-geographic Regions Annual wet-season flooding by the sediment-rich waters of the Meghna, Jamuna, Padma results in the widespread sediment deposition. The country's soils are mixture of estuarine, fluvial and alluvial soils of varying texture, age and thickness. The project impact area is a part of the Sitalakhya River system, which ultimately connected to other surrounding main rivers such as Balu, Daleshwari, Buriganga and leaded to Meghna river system. Sitalakhya River system is connected by large number of tributaries which are flowing water from the surrounding rivers system as noted above and is also connected with khals/canals from areas surrounding the 450 MW CCPP project site. The main sources of water flows in these Rivers are rainfall during the wet season. Both stream velocity and water levels remain high in the wet season, which drops down significantly in the dry season. Most of these channels dry up during the dry season and drains very little water through seepage. During the wet season they drain rain water in the adjacent region causing over flows of the river banks. The river/ stream water level normally start to swell during mid May and the peak stretches to July-August, which some times continues up to early October. 4.2. Project site: land condition 4.2.1. Topography The project site including the entire region has a flat topography with very little changes in

elevation. The project site is a medium high land and is currently fallow. The average ground

level is 6.46m at the project site. There are two drainage canals in Siddhirganj power plant

complex for the disposal of water used in the power plants for cooling.


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Fig-4.1. Existing land use of the project impact area of proposed 450 MW CCPP at Siddhirganj, Narayanganj


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4.2.2. Geology and Soil characteristics of the project area

Geology of Bangladesh is generally dominated by poorly consolidated sediments deposit over the past 10,000 to 15,000 years (Holocene age). Unconsolidated sediments underlie the whole study area. These are of two ages: pleistocne and Holocene (recent). The North part of the study area is known as Modhupur tract. There are compact clays, previously called Pleistocene clays, but now called Modhupur clay. These clays have been uplifted techtonically. The flood plain sediments occupy the south of the study area. These clays are overlaying by sediments deposited on the old Meghna floodplain. This flood plain has, in turn, been partially buried by sediment deposited by Brahmaputra river. Soils of the project impact area are mainly old Brahmaputra and old Meghna flood plain deposits. Flood plan soils generally show a pattern of friable silt loams or silty clay loams on the ridges and clays in the basins. Some clays are commonly dark gray but others flood plain soils are mainly mid gray and finely mottled yellow and brown. Because of these mottling, soils of the old Brahmaputra and old Meghna flood plain have an overall yellow-brown or olive brown appearance. The majority are neutral to moderately alkaline in reaction. All the soils of the project impact area are developed over unconsolidated alluvial sediments. Recent or sub-recent flood plain sediment deposited by the Brahmaputra and Meghna rivers. In these deposits, six soil associations have been recognized in the project study area (Fig-4.2). These are as follows: (i) Damra –karail association (ii) Naraibagh-siddhirganj association (iii) Naraibagh-jalkundi association (iv) Naraibagh-pyati association (v) Naraibagh-silmandi association (vi) Tejgaon-khilgaon association The detail physical description of these soil types are shown in Table-4.2.

Table-4.2. Physical properties of soil of the Siddhirganj project impact area

Soil associations Sob-soil charactersistics Limitations

(i) Damra –karail association

Red, yellow, gray mottled clay

Low fertility and moisture holding capacity


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(ii)Naraibagh-siddhirganj association

Gray and dark grey moteled, yellow brown silty clay

Deep flooding heavy texture

(iii)Naraibagh-jalkundi association

Red, brown, black friable clay

Shallowly flooding

(iv) Naraibagh-pyati association

Red, yellow, grey mottled clay

Low fertility and moisture holding capacity

(v)Naraibagh-silmandi association

Grey/dark grey, mottled yellow-brown silty clay

Deep flooding habitat

(vi)Tejgaon-khilgaon association

Red to strong brown friable clay

Low natural fertility and moisture holding capacity, rather sticky when wet

Source: Land and soil Resources Utilization Guide (SRDI, 1999).

Soil chemical characters of the project impact area

The soil samples were collected from homestead agricultural field located on the north-east side of the project impact area and analyzed in the laboratory for developing more recent baseline information. The details are described in Table-4.3. Table 4.3. Chemical characters of soil sample collected from project impact area

Soil sample location

Analytical Result

EC (ds/m)

Reaction

(pH)

OM %

K Ca Mg N (total)

%

P S B Cu Fe Mn Zn

Meq/100g soil micro gm/g soil

Soil samples collected on 23-1o-2009 within project impact area ( 5km surrounding the project site) South-eastern side adjacent to proposed Project area

- 5.1 0.40 6.75 2.25 0.19 0.04 10 3.4 0.42 9.62 413 22.3 3.4

Omar pur (1km west

from the study area)

- 5.3 2.61 4.3 1.67 0.43 0.12 17 2.8 0.17 5.6 401 118 2.2

Kanch pur (1.5 km north-east from the project area)

- 5.7 0.91 7.8 3.5 0.32 0.08 2 2.2 0.21 6.5 122 77 2.8

Source: SRDI Lab, Dhaka (2010)

The soil analytical result reveals that the soil contains high concentration of Fe in Omorpur and Kanchpur area compared to Siddhirganj power plant complex.


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Fig-4.2. Soil types within project impact area of proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP at Siddhirganj, Narayanganj


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4.2.3. Seismicity The project site is located in the earth quake Zone-2 having basic seismic coefficient is 0.05g (source-GSB). The data indicates that the project site is moderate and would not pose a major constraint for the development of the project.

4.3. Atmospheric condition

4.3.1. Climate

The region including the study area has a tropical climate with three main seasons-the hot and humid summer, the rainy season and the mild and relatively dry winter. The climate of Bangladesh exhibits pronounced seasonal variability associated with monsoon winds-predominantly from the south west during summer, from the north-west during winter and light including variable during spring and autumn. Bangladesh can be divided into seven climatic zones and the project impact area falls under South-Central zone subjected by moderate rainfall and temperature. Rainy season generally extends from May to October but variation is also noted from year to year. Winter and summer seasons are distributed from November-February and from March-May respectively. About 85% of the rain drops during this rainy season. The winter commences in the month of November and ended in the month of February. Usually winter season is dry with occasional rains. The early summer season is considered from March-April. During summer the air become hot with very low humidity. Early summer is also dominated by Baishaki cyclone (nor westers’) and rains. The mean annual rainfall in the area varies from 1700 mm to 2800 mm, with peak rainfall occurring in June, July and August during recent years (2000-2009). The mean monthly maximum temperature for Dhaka varies from 28.25oC in January to 36.66oC in May during the years 2000-2009. A maximum daily of 42.2oC and minimum 5oC have been recorded. The mean daily maximum temperatures rise during March and April as a prelude to the on coming monsoon. As there is no meteorological station available near the site, spatial climatic analysis has been

done to assess climatic condition of the study area. Different meteorological data like rainfall,

temperature, relative humidity and wind speeds are described in the following sub-sections.

4.3.2 Rainfall

The general pattern of precipitation (which consists entirely of rain) follows the monsoon

pattern with the cooler, drier months of November to March, increasing rains in April and

May and highest rainfall in the summer months of June to September when the prevailing

wind direction from the southwest brings moisture laden air from Bay of Bengal. The average

monthly rainfall in year wise (from 2000 to 2009) and also month wise average over the

period (2000-20009) is shown in Table-4.4 and Figure 4.3.


48

Table-4.4. Year wise-monthly average rainfall of recent years from 2000-2009 (mm)

Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year total.

2000 13 44 172 189 491 165 197 359 216 278 0 0 2124 2001 0 1 33 46 402 386 202 205 209 177 18 0 1679 2002 22 4 51 111 272 373 446 272 156 52 116 0 1875 2003 0 25 96 123 140 473 191 202 264 134 0 45 1693 2004 0 0 9 167 162 476 295 191 839 208 0 0 2347 2005 1 3 155 91 291 259 542 361 514 417 3 0 2637 2006 0 0 0 181 185 326 331 167 663 61 5 0 1919

2007 0 30 11 163 185 628 753 505 179 320 111 0 2885

2008 23 56 45 91 205 577 563 319 279 227 0 0 2385

2009 1 1 43 14 168 170 676 482 －－－－－ Mean 6 16.4 61.5 117.6 250.1 383.3 439.6 306.3

Source: Bangladesh Meteorology Dept.-2009,

Climatic Chart for Dhaka

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Pre

cip

ita

tio

n [

mm

]

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Te

mp

era

ture

[°C

]

average Precipitation [mm] average max temp average min temp average mean temp

Figure 4.3: Monthly average temperature (mean, max, min) and average rainfall (Source: BMD 2009)


49

4.3.3 Ambient Air Temperature

The temperature of the country has the relationship with the period of rainfall. In general, cool seasons coincide with the period of lowest rainfall. The year wise (2000-2009) monthly maximum and minimum temperature and also month wise average over the year (2000-2009) is shown in Table-4.5 and 4.6. Maximum average temperature of 36.66°C was observed in May and minimum average temperature was 10.28°C in January over the recent years (2000-2009). Figure 4.3 shows monthly average mean temperature, minimum temperature and maximum temperature for the project area.

Table-4.5. Year wise-monthly maximum temperature of project area from 2000-2009 (°C)

Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

2000 28.7 28.2 34 35.1 36.6 35.2 35.2 35 34.4 34.9 32.5 27.3 2001 28 31.4 35.8 37.5 35 33.8 34 34 34.2 34.8 32 28.4

2002 28.2 33.5 35.5 34.3 35.4 34.4 35.2 34.1 35 34.2 32 29.5 2003 27.5 31.6 34 36.2 36.3 36.7 35.3 35.1 34.2 34 32.1 29.2 2004 27.5 32.8 35.7 35.2 38.1 35.2 34.5 34.6 34 34.5 31.1 29.4 2005 28.5 32.1 35.6 37 36.4 36.6 33.7 34 35.1 34.6 31.4 29

2006 28.2 35.9 38.5 37.1 36.8 35 35.6 35.2 35.7 34.7 32.6 30.1

2007 28.8 30.8 36.7 35.9 37.5 35.9 34.8 35.9 34.9 35.6 31.8 28.2

2008 29 30.6 34.6 36.9 36.7 35.4 34 36 34.8 34.8 32.3 29

2009 28.1 33.9 36 39.6 37.8 36.5 35.7 34.3 －－－－

Mean 28.25 32.08 35.64 35.48 36.66 35.47 3408 34.82 Source: Bangladesh Meteorology Dept.-2009,

Table-4.6. Year wise-Monthly minimum temperature of project area from 2000-2009 (°C)


2000 10 13.2 15.4 18 19.5 23.8 24 23.6 23 19.3 16.8 13.4 2001 9.8 12.4 16.6 20.9 19.9 24 24 22.5 21.5 19.7 15.5 12.6

2002 11.2 11.5 15.8 16.6 19.4 22 22.8 23.3 22 18.3 17.5 11.7 2003 8.1 14.2 13.5 17.8 19.6 22.5 23.4 24.2 23.5 23 14 13.2 2004 10.7 10.4 16.3 18.5 20.2 22.4 21.5 24.8 22.7 21.5 15.8 11.5 2005 11.4 11.5 19 19.6 19.7 22.5 24 24.3 23.8 20.8 16 12.2

2006 10.4 15.4 16.3 20.2 20.4 22.3 24.6 22.7 23.8 21.8 13.3 12.6

2007 9.6 12.6 15 18.1 22.5 22 23.4 24.2 24.5 19.5 16.8 11.3

2008 10.5 10.8 16.5 19.6 20.3 22.5 24.6 23.6 24.4 18 16.3 13

2009 11.1 12.2 15.8 20.4 21.6 22.6 24.4 24.3 －－－－

Mean 10.28 12.42 16.02 18.97 20.31 22.66 23.67 23.75 Source: Bangladesh Meteorology Dept.-2009,


50

4.3.4 Relative Humidity

The humidity during the wet season is significantly higher, as shown in Table 4.7 than those

occurring at other times of the year. Mean maximum relative humidity for the project area is

found as 99% in the month of January, whereas mean minimum relative humidity is 14.5% in

the month of March during the period of 2000-2009 (Table-4.8).

Table-4.7. Year wise-Monthly maximum relative humidity of project area (2000-2009) (%)


2000 99 97 98 97 99 98 98 100 98 98 98 99 2001 99 99 96 96 98 99 98 98 98 99 99 99 2002 98 94 94 98 98 98 98 99 98 97 99 99 2003 100 99 98 98 98 98 98 99 98 98 96 98 2004 100 97 98 98 98 99 99 98 98 98 98 98 2005 97 97 98 94 98 98 99 97 98 98 98 98 2006 100 98 96 96 98 99 98 95 99 98 95 97

2007 100 100 96 95 98 98 99 98 98 98 99 98

2008 98 96 95 94 96 98 98 97 98 98 97 99

2009 99 98 97 95 95 95 98 98 －－－－

Mean 99 97.5 96.6 96.1 97.6 98 98.3 97.9


Table-4.8. Year wise-Monthly minimum relative humidity of project area (2000-2009) (%)


2000 24 14 11 39 43 49 45 52 51 47 28 28 2001 20 22 13 16 51 55 54 59 51 38 36 30 2002 26 18 16 35 47 49 55 52 45 32 28 33 2003 28 26 13 28 31 45 56 52 51 47 21 28 2004 25 17 16 40 15 50 54 52 58 32 27 27 2005 28 17 18 27 44 46 57 55 52 34 32 24 2006 21 15 6 28 40 57 55 52 51 38 26 29

2007 20 23 14 32 33 52 55 50 42 31 35 28

2008 25 13 28 23 37 51 61 57 53 32 29 33

2009 24 9 10 21 39 36 45 56 －－－－

Mean 24.1 17.4 14.5 28.9 38.2 49 53.7 53.7


4.3.5 Wind Speeds and Direction

The predominant wind directions at the project site are from the south and southeast. From

November to February the wind directions are from north to northeast and from March to


51

October it is from south to southeast. It can be observed from Table 4.9 that the maximum

wind speed prevails during the month of September in 2004.

Table -4.9. Monthly average wind speed (m/s) and prevailing wind direction at project area (2000-2009)

Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Spd Dir Spd Dir Spd Dir Spd Dir Spd Dir Spd Dir

2000 0.8 N 1 N 1.2 S 1.7 S 1.3 S 1.3 S 2001 1.1 NW 0.9 NE 1.9 S 2.1 S 1.7 S 1.6 S 2002 1.3 N 1.3 NW 2 S 2.1 S 1.8 S 1.4 S 2003 1.6 NW 1.8 N 2 S 2.6 S 2.5 S 2.1 SE 2004 1.8 W 2 W 2.9 S 3 S 2.8 S 1.9 S 2005 2.1 NNW 2.2 W 2.4 S 2.3 S 2.3 S 2.3 SE 2006 1.5 N 1.9 S 2.6 NNW 2 S 2 S 1.1 S 2007 1.5 NW 1.6 NW 2.2 NW 2 S 1.8 S 1.6 S 2008 1.9 N 1.6 N 2 S 1.7 S 1.7 S 1.7 S 2009 1.7 W 2.1 W 2.1 W 2.1 S 2 S 1.6 S

Year Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Spd Dir Spd Dir Spd Dir Spd Dir Spd Dir Spd Dir

2000 1.2 S 1.2 S 1.1 S 1.7 NE 0.8 N 0.8 N 2001 2 S 1.3 S 1.5 S 1.3 S 0.9 N 1 N 2002 1.4 S 1.4 S 1.5 SE 1 N 3.3 NE 1.2 N 2003 2.1 S 2.2 SE 2.2 SE 1.7 NE 1.4 N 1.6 W 2004 2.2 SE 2.1 SE 3.2 E 2.2 SE 1.6 W 1.7 NNW 2005 2.4 SE 1.8 S 2.4 SE 2.5 SE 1.7 NW 1.9 NNW 2006 1.1 SE 2.3 SE 2.8 SE 1.2 N 1.1 NW 1.2 NW 2007 1.6 S 1.6 S 1.6 S 2.1 NE 2.8 NE 1.5 NW 2008 1.7 S 1.4 S 1.4 S 4.9 NE 1.3 NE 1.7 W 2009 2.2 SE 1.4 S －－－－－－－－


4.4. Ambient air quality

Air quality in the Siddhirganj power plant complex is measured during Environmental study.

The air quality data measured during 14-9-2010 to 15-9-2010 for 24 hours within Siddhirganj

power plant complex and the data are given in Table 4.10. It shows that SPM, PM10, NOX and

SO2 ambient concentrations are lower compared to the GOB (DOE) ambient air quality

standards (Annex-VI).

The ambient ozone is recorded by Continuous Air Monitoring Station (CAMS), BARC,

Dhaka. Monthly average value calculated from 1 hr average data and is shown in Table-4.11.


52

Table 4.10. Ambient air quality of the proposed plant site

Sample locations Ambient air pollution concentration in micro gram/cubic meter

PM 2.5 PM 10 SPM SO2 NOx CO

Inside Siddhirganj power plant

complex

57 117 347 55.39 63.17 104

Duration (Hours) 24 24 24 24 24 24

Source: 450 MW CCPP environmental team measurements (2010)

Note :

Method of analysis=gravimetric method (Envirotech, India, APM 550)

SPM - Suspended Particulate Metter;

NOX - Oxides of Nitrogen; SO2 -Sulphur-di-Oxide;

PM 2.5, PM10 - Respirable dust content

CO-Carbon monoxide

Table-4.11. Monthly average of ambient ozone (O3) recorded in CAMS (BARC), Dhaka in ppb.


2008 DNA DNA DNA DNA DNA 5.23 4.15 4.37 4.63 5.04 6.29 3.43 2009 DNA 8.01 8.04 6.48 5.20 6.36 2.89 3.78 4.48 5.29 5.09 5.38 2010 4.80 6.41 6.25 4.92 5.77 DNA DNA DNA DNA DNA DNA

Source: Clean Air and sustainable environment project, DOE

DNA= Data not available

Data unit=ppb

4.5. Ambient Noise

The EIA Team (Environmental Team) has measured the sound level from 14-9-2010 and 15-9-2010 and also from 26-11-2010 to 27-11-2010.during day and night time. Noise quality has been measured instantly on the side by noise meter (Type-3604-sound level meter-YOKOGAWA, Japan). At each location 10 to 12 times reading were taken for two days (24 hours/day) within Siddhirganj power plant complex. The data recorded in different locations within power plant complex is found below GOB standards and are presented in Table-4.12. The detail of the DOE standards of noise level is attached in Annex-VII. Table-4.12. Noise level within the power plant complex

SL No. Date

Locations Category of

area Site condition

Concentration

Day time Night time

01 14-9-2010 to 15-9-2010

Project west side (inside boundary)

Industrial Running condition

67.44 65.33

02 14-9-2010 to 15-9-2010

Project east side (inside boundary)


70.39 66.17

03 14-9-2010 to 15-9-2010

Project south side (inside boundary)


68.18 66.31

04 14-9-2010 to 15-9-2010

Project north side (inside boundary)


69.11 67.39


53

SL No. Date

Locations Category of

area Site condition

Concentration

Day time Night time

05 26-11-2010 to 27-11-2010

Project west side (inside boundary)


66.00 64.27

06 26-11-2010 to 27-11-2010

Project east side (inside boundary)


69.50 65.29

07 26-11-2010 to 27-11-2010

Project south side (inside boundary)


69.24 67.38

08 26-11-2010 to 27-11-2010

Project north side (inside boundary)


70.15 66.45

Source: 450 MW CCPP environmental team measurements (2010).

4.6. Hydrological condition

4.6.1. Surface water

The project site is a part of the Sitalakhya River system, which ultimately connected to other surrounding main rivers such as Balu, Daleshwari, Buriganga and leaded to Meghna river system. Sitalakhya River system is connected by large number of tributaries which are flowing water from the surrounding rivers system and is also connected with khals/canals from areas surrounding the 450 MW CCPP project site (Fig-4.4). The main sources of water flows in these Rivers are rainfall during the wet season. Both stream velocity and water levels remain high in the wet season, which drops down significantly in the dry season. Beside rivers and canals the other surface water sources are ponds/tanks and few natural depressions in and around the project area as other parts of the country, this area also receives sufficient amount of rainfall. There are some low agricultural lands which are seasonally flooded and used as fish culture.

Surface water quality

Water samples of Sitalakhya river and pond were collected by Environmental Team during EIA study period and tested in the SRDI laboratory, Dhaka to establish more recent base line information for the proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP. The data shown in Table-4.13 indicates that the Sitalakhya river water is clean compared to GOB standards (Annex-VIII) during wet season (from May-September) when flow of river is increased. The secondary data of Sitalakhya river water quality also showed similar results (Table-4.14).

...Table 4.13. Baseline surface Water Quality of Sitalakhya river and pond

Surface water

samples

pH (unit)

Na (mg/l)

Ca (mg/l)

Mg (mg/l)

K (mg/l)

S (mg/l)

B (mg/l)

Cu (mg/l)

Zn (mg/l)

Fe (mg/l)

River water at Adamjee Nagar

point

6.4 17.0 1.15 2.39 3.02 nil 0.38 nil nil

nil

Pond (in front of Adamjee gate)

6.04 34.0 11.82 2.71 17.03 3.34 0.60 0.05 0.001

0.009

Source: samples tested in the SRDI Lab, Dhaka, 2010


54

Fig-4.4. Drainage map of the project impact area of the proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP at Siddhirganj, Narayanganj


55

Table-4.14. River water quality at Siddhirganj point of Shitalakhya river, Siddhirganj, Narayanganj.

Sl No.

Parameters & unit January

2009 Feb 2009

March 2009

April 2009

May 2009

June 2009

July 2009

Aug 2009

Sept 2009

Oct 2009

Nov 2009

Dec 2009

1 Conductivity µs/cm 600 710 778 744 721 314 173 137 164 201 329 2 Temperature 0C 24 23 25 25 28 30 29 30 30 28 29 3 Turbidity NTU 34 42 31 31 24 30 81 138 50 23 20 4 Phosphate ppm 0.73 0.68 1.03 1.08 0.48 0.47 0.24 0.20 0.19 0.22 0.68 5 Silica ppm 33.5 35 23.5 22.5 21 23 18.5 4 7.5 10.5 18 6 Iron (Fe) ppm 1.09 0.85 1.2 1.2 0.32 0.17 0.15 1.58 0.69 0.59 0.66 7 DO ppm 2.95 2.90 5.10 4.60 5.00 5.90 5.70 5.50 5.60 5.95 3.45 8 Residual Chloride ppm 3.50 5.00 0.10 0.10 0.05 0.14 0.99 0.90 1.55 0.88 0.095 9 Total Hardness as CaCO3 ppm 162 168 185 179 176 63 35 42 48 60 85

10 Ca Hardness as CaCO3 ppm 99 100 108 100 93 37 20 28 28 36 52 11 Mg Hardness ppm 63 68 77 79 83 26 15 14 20 24 33 12 Ca as Ca

+2 ppm 39.5 40 43 40 37.5 14.5 8 17 11 14.5 21 13 M-Alkalinity ppm 201.5 203 261 258 126 77.5 37 50 51 58 81 14 TDS ppm 300 325 434 414 370.5 172.5 102 65 80 120.5 161.5 15 COD oom 35 37 15 14 33.5 15 11 27 7.5 10.5 23 16 BOD5 ppm - - 16 17.5 - - - - - - - 17 Oil and Grease ppm <10.0 <10.0 <10.0 <10.0 <10.0 <10.0 <10.0 <10.0 <10.0 <10.0 <10.0 18 TSS ppm 33 42 28 27 32 31.5 70 158 49.5 22.5 20 19 Aluminium (Al) ppm 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.04 0.02 0.04 20 Copper (Cu) ppm 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.26 0.11 0.04 0.01 21 Zinc (Zn) ppm 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 22 Coliform MPN/100ml 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 23 Chloride (Cl-) mg/L 40 42 55.5 56.5 80 30 19 26 14.5 15 25 24 pH 7.42 7.25 7.57 7.56 7.47 7.16 7.16 7.76 7.4 7.5 7.34

Source: Data obtained from IPP


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4.6.1.1. Sitalakhya River water level

Water level data of the Sitalakhya for the period 1988-2009 is given in Table 4.15. The

maximum levels at high tide and low tide level is found as 6.93 and 6.90 m, respectively in

the year 1998 whereas minimum water levels at high and low tide periods are 0.92 and 0.63 m

receptively as found in 1995. The data show that the water levels of the Sitalakhya are not

influenced much by tidal effect and also indicate wide variation between water level in

monsoon and dry seasons. There is rise in water level with commencement of monsoon

rainfall from May/June till September/October. Tidal influence reduces with monsoon

flooding.

Table 4.15: Water level of the Sitalakhya river

Year Maximum level (m) Minimum level (m) Mean level (m)

1988 4.38(4.30) 1.22(0.83) 3.265(2.99)

1989 4.92(4.92) 1.22(0.85) 3.376(3.128)

1990 5.34(5.30) 1.11(0.79) 3.064(2.788)

1991 5.28(5.26) 1.13(0.73) 3.122(2.841)

1992 5.82(5.76) 1.2(0.85) 3.276(3.02)

1993 5.36(4.47) 1.27(0.84) 2.819(2.493)

1994 5.80(5.74) 1.25(0.73) 3.262(2.95)

1995 5.07(4.99) 0.92(0.63) 2.907(2.48)

1996 5.75(5.64) 2.07(2.61) 4.21(4.13)

1997 5.59(5.39) 1.59(1.36) 3.59(3.37)

1998 6.93(6.90) 1.73(1.29) 4.33(4.09)

1999 5.74(5.67) 1.57(0.99) 3.65(3.33)

2000 5.92(5.89) 1.71(1.31) 3.81(3.6)

2001 5.41(5.25) 1.65(1.15) 3.53(3.20)

2002 5.81(5.75) 1.90(1.18) 3.86(3.47)

2003 6.42(6.39) 1.85(1.20) 4.14(3.40)

2004 6.75(6.71) 1.52(1.14) 4.14(3.92)

2005 5.71(5.58) 1.64(1.27) 3.68(3.43)

2006 6.31(6.22) 1.87(1.55) 4.09(3.96)

2007 6.88(6.79) 1.48(1.26) 3.80(3.65)

2008 5.94(5.83) 1.33(1.10) 3.42(3.31)

2009 5.54(5.46) 1.18(1.08) 3.27(3.16)

Source: BWDB as reported in BPDB (2009); *Numbers in the parenthesis indicate value at low tide period.

4.6.1.2. Sitalakhya River water flow

The flow of Sitalakhya river at Demra is affected by tides. The maximum discharge of 2742

m3/sec was measured on 9th September 1998, while, the minimum discharge of 195 m3/sec


57

was recorded on 10th June, 2002. The water data collected from BWDB for the period from

1996 to 2009 is attached in Table 4.16.

Table 4.16: Flow at the Sitalakhya River (m3/s)

Year Maximum Minimum

1983 1900 867

1984 2260 791

1985 2070 921

1986 1670 924

1987 2090 771

1988 2610 995

1989 1950 1050

1990 1740 909

1991 1950 1040

1992 1810 1060

1993 1910 421

1996 657 377

1997 1766 204

1998 2742 338

1999 1363 430

2000 1059 406

2002 1430 195

2004 1214 682

2005 1336 503

2006 1632 623

2007 2072 413

2008 1933 368

2009 1742 312

Source: BWDB as reported in Atlanta-BPDB (2009)

4.6.2. Drinking water

The project area has plenty of good ground water. Most people within project impact area (5km out side the project area) use ground water as source of drinking and cooking purposes whereas majority of the local people use pond water for washings excepting few who uses Hand Tube Well (HTW) for washing purposes. The Environmental Research Team collected ground water samples from 1 tube well on 30-10-2009 within 0m-1000m (inside Siddhirganj power plant complex) and I tube well within 0m-5000m (Adamjee Nagar) of the proposed 450 MW CCPP and data are presented in Table- 4.17. The results indicate that the water quality of those wells is within acceptable limits of DOE drinking water quality standards (Annex-IV).


58

Table 4.17. Drinking Water Quality of tube well within Siddhirganj power plant complex Drinking water

(Tube wells)

pH (unit)

Na (mg/l)

Ca (mg/l)

Mg (mg/l)

K (mg/l)

S (mg/l)

B (mg/l)

Cu (mg/l)

Zn (mg/l)

Fe (mg/l)

DoE Standard ≤5 20-30 1500* 1000

Tube well-1 (inside the Siddhirganj

power plant complex)

6.8 30.0 4.00 3.06 2.0

nil 0.45 nil nil

0.13

Source: samples tested in the SRDI Lab, Dhaka, 2010

4.7. Biological Features

The biological environment specialist has assessed flora and fauna distribution based on literature and field survey. The field survey was conducted on September-2010. The literature survey aimed to gather data on the occurrence of plant species and plant communities and habitats of conservation importance. Available information was used, in conjunction with the current report “Flora of Bangladesh” published by National Herbarium of Bangladesh 1990- 2002 and also lists of endangered species published by IUCN in the year 2000. In total, an area of approximately 5km radius was traversed repeatedly, on foot and altogether 17 sites were sampled (within the 5km radius of the project area) for flora and fauna, and these include all vegetation types identified within the report. Data was also gathered on route to each of the sites. The following data were collected at each site:

i. Listing of tree vegetation (woody, timber trees). ii. Listing of shrub vegetation. iii. Listing of herbaceous vegetation. iv. Herbaceous species which could not be identified in the field, and which were in

flower, were collected for identification. v. Lists of mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fishes (where appropriate).

Wildlife lists were compiled both through direct and indirect observations. Indirect observation included use of tracks, droppings and calls. In describing the ecosystems of the area, emphasis was placed on the vegetation, as vegetation not only forms the basis of the trophic pyramid (food chain), but also provides the physical habitat within which other organisms complete their life cycles. The details list of the flora and fauna recorded during survey is attached in the Annex-IX and Annex-X.

4.7.1. Terrestrial Flora (including Forests)

Homestead species

High density of plant species in the homesteads is observed within project impact area (5km of the project site). The major homestead plant species recorded in the project area are Cynodon dactyIon, Mangifera iIndica, Cocos nucefera, Bombax ceiba, Temarindus indica, Azadirachta indica, Areca catechu, Borassus flabellifer, Phragmaties karka and Albizia Procera.

Plant species of bushes


59

The dominent plant species of the bushes are Zizyphus mauritiana, Clinogyne dichotoma, Datura metel etc. The bushes protect soil erosion, flood, and drought and maintain ecological balance.

4.7.2. Terrestrial Fauna (including Forests and wildlife)

Wildlife species

The project impact area is rich in distribution of faunal species because of the complex habitat assemblage in small areas. Majority of animal groups use more than one habitat during their life cycle. So the faunal account has been provided without any distinction of the wetland and terrestrial habitat. During the survey it was found that most wildlife in the area are bush and woodland dependent species while some are aquatic and wetland dependent species. The most common wildlife species that are usually found in the area are Amaurornisphoenicurus, Ardeolaqrayii, Columbalivia, Dicrurusasimilis, Haliasturindus, Orthotomussatorirus, Microhylaornata, Ranatigrina, Pteropusgiganteus, Copsychussaularis, Oriolusxanthornus, Felischaus, Gekkogecko, Varanusbengalesis and the details are in Annex-X. The details endangered species of the study area is described in section 4.7.3., under Endangered species (flora and fauna).

Birds

There are several native bird species in the project impact area. These include: Brahminy kite (Haliastur indius); Black-headed oriole (Oriolus xantharnus); Doel (Copsychus saularis); Woodpecker (Dinopium benghalense); Purple Rumped Sunbird (Nectarina zeylonia); Sparrows (Passer domesticus); Machranga (Alcedo attis); Scarlet minivet (Pericroctus flammenes); Bulbul (Pycnonotus sp); Snipe (Gallinago), Cokil (Cuctelus sp.), and crow (corvus sp.). The detailed endangered species of the impact area is described in section 4.7.3 under Endangered species (flora and fauna)

Mammals

The area has been almost entirely taken over by human settlements and activities. A few types of mammals can still be found in the homestead forests, the most common are: Jackals (Canis aureus) and Indian Civet (Viverricula indica, Viverra zibetha).

Reptiles and Amphibians

Amphibians observed included some common species such as Kuno Bang, Kotkoti Bang (Ranacyanophlyctis), Jhi Jhi Bang (R. lirunocharis) and Sona Bang (R. tigrina); tree frog (Hyla sp.) was heard croaking. Among reptiles, common species are Common Skink (Mabuya carinata), Garden Lizard (Calotes versicolor), and Wall Lizard (Gekko gecko) etc. The details are in Table-4.18.

Table 4.18. Reptiles and amphibians species reported from the project area

Common Name Species Lizard Hemidactylus frenatus, Hemidactylus brooki, Gekko gecko, Calotes versicolor, Varanus bengalensis


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Common Name Species Snake Enhydris enhydris, Xenochrophis piscator Mono-cellate Cobra (Naja naja kaouthia) Toads and Turtles

Common Toads are (Bufo melanostictus), Skipper Frog (Rana cyanophlyctis), Bull Frog (Rana tigrina). Common turtles are Kachuga tecta, Lissemys punctata

4.7.3. Aquatic and wetland species (Flora and fauna)

Wetland plant species

Most common wetland plant species in the proposed project area are Atlernanthera philoxeroides, Asparagus racemosus, Nal (Phragmites karka), Hijol (Barrinigtonia acutangula, Kachuri pana (Eichhornia creassipes), Kalmi lata (Ipomoea aquatica), Dhol kolmi (Ipomoea fistulosa) etc. The list of the wetland species are shown in Annex-IX.

Aquatic plant species

Some aquatic plant species are distributed in the depressed water body/ponds and marshland area. Nymphaea nauchali (Shapla/water lily), Leersia hexandra (Arali) are the abundant aquatic plant species.

Fishes and Shrimps

Many major canals, branch canals, ditches, ponds, streams, and water bodies are found across the study area. The Labeo rohita (rui), Katla katla (katla), Telapia nilotica (nilotica), Mystus vittatus (tangra), Macrognathus ocaleatus (gura icha or prawn), Heteropueustes foc/ssilis, Notopterus chitala, Channa gachua, Wallago nttu etc. are common specie of fishes in the above noted areas.

Fishes in Sitalakhya river

During the rainy season several species of small fishes are caught but there is no large fish like Rui, Katla, Mrigel, Kalbaus etc. During the winter season very few fishes are noted.. Small fishes found in the river are: Darkina (Esomus danricus, Puti (Punctius chola), Mola (Amblypharyongodon mola), Dhela (Rohtee cotio), Tengra (Mystus tengaera), Gussha (Mystus cavasius), Chapila (Gadusia chapra), Chanda (Chanda nama), Kachki (Corica soborna), Chela (Salmostoma phulo), Khalisha (Colisa fasciatus). The detailed endangered fish species of the study area is described in section 4.7.3. under Endangered species (flora and fauna). This may be noted that the proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP will consume about 14 m3/sec water from Sitalakhya river which is about 11.02% of the total flow of water (127 m3/sec as per IWM report-2007-2008) in the lean period. It is estimated that the net total consumption of water of industries surrounding Siddhirganj power plant complex area will be about 23.55% of the total flow of river whereas the rest of 76.48% river water flow will be still available for natural environment and aquatic ecology which is viable for sustainable natural environment. The details are described in section 3.7.3.


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4.7.4. Endangered species (Flora and fauna)

The survey team during interview with local people within project impact area (5 km radius of the project site) found that the udbiral/Otter (Lutra lutra) and boro benji/mongoose (Herpestes auropunctatus) are rarely seen animal within the locality.

The endangered fishes recorded in the study area are the P. stigma (deto puti), Colis fasciatus (khalisha), Anabus testudineus (koi), Chanda beculs (chanda), Mastacembelus armatus (baim), Clarius batrachus (magur), Chhana striatus (shole), Channa gachua (teto taki), Notopterus chitala (chital), Heteropueustes focssilis (singi), Elupisoma psendeutropius (banshpata), Wallago nitu (boal). The detail list of the endangered species according to IUCN red book is shown in Annex-XI. The proposed project will extract only 14 m3/sec of water from the Sitalakhya river which is about 11.02 m3/sec of the total flow during extreme lean period and hence will not have negative impact on the habitat of the endangered species in the river due to implementation of this proposed 450 MW CCPP.

4.8. Archeological, historical and cultural sites/resources and sensitive areas

There are no archaeological sites within the project site. There are religious and cultural sites in the project impact area (within 5km of project site) and are described below.

Table 4.19 shows religious and cultural sites and Table 4.20 shows archaeological heritage and relics in the project impact area (within 5km of project site). Table 4.19: Religious and cultural sites of the project impact area

Thana Religious institutions Cultural organizations

Bandar Mosque 212, temple 10, sacred place 2, tomb 5. Club 22, library 1, cinema hall 3, playground 17

Narayanganj Sadar

Mosque 662, temple 19, church 2, tomb 12, monastery 1. Notablereligious institutions are Fakirtola Jami Mosque, Amlapara JamiMosque, Narayanganj Sadhupal Church, Dhakeshwari Mandir, Nagbari Mandir and Dargah of Hazrat Shah Fatehullah Bogdadi

Public library 14, club 12, theatre group 5, cinema hall 14, play ground 30, literary society 3. Rifle club

Sonargaon Mosque 450, temple 35, tomb 10 Museum 1 (Fort of Isha Khan), Sonargaon Folk Arts Museum-1, rural club 26, cinema hall 6, theatre group 5, women's organisation 1, playground 19

Rupganj Mosques-327, Temple-11, Tomb-5, Prayer place-2, Baba Saleh Mosque and Tomb (est-1504) are prominent.

Club-20, Cinema hall-6, women organization-1,

Demra Mosque 165, temple 8. Club 12, public library 3, cinema hall 5, playground 4

Source: Banglapedia, 1996

Table 4.20: Archaeological heritage and relics of the impact area

Thana Archaeological heritage and relics

Bandar

Bandar Shahi Mosque (1481 AD), Baba Saleh Mosque and tomb (1504 AD), Nabiganj Kadam Rasul Shrine (1580), Dewanbagh Mosque, Sonakanda Fort and Mosque.

Narayanganj Sadar Isa Khan's fort at Hajiganj and tomb of Bibi Mariam

Sonargaon

Jalaluddin Fath Shah (1489 AD), single dome mosque built by Alauddin Husain Shah (1522), tomb of Sultan Ghiyasuddin Azam Shah (1410 AD), tomb of Shah Langar (1422).

Rupganj Residence of Murapara Jaminder,

Demra -

Source: Banglapedia, 1996


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CHAPTER-5: PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS

The public consultations were conducted (during Sep-Oct-2010) in and around the project sie in which people of different categories were participated. The main purpose of the public consultation was to assess the concern of the people about construction of 450 MW CCPP at Siddhirganj Power Plant complex compound and also overall acceptability of the project by people, their perception about the impacts both adverse and beneficial effects including expectations etc. The detail public consultation findings are described below.

5.1. Approach and methods

In order to conduct the socio-economic assessment to identify and scope of impact for construction of 450 MW CCPP, a number of tools were developed with specific attention to address gender concerns and implications. The checklist for the Focused Group Discussion (FGDs) was the key tool developed. As a number of different groups with common as well as differentiated interests and concerns were to be engaged, the checklist for each group required some specific focus. A checklist was developed to collect relevant information from different interest group. In addition to basic socio-demographic information, the problems associated with construction of 450 MW CCPP and post 450 MW CCPP construction situation and community awareness issues also addressed in the checklist. The FGD was conducted among different groups within project impact area (5km of the project site) and are shown in Fig-5.1. The details checklist and questionnaires for FGD is shown in Annex-XII.

5.2. Findings of the public consultation

Many issues were raised in the public consultations meetings. Details of which are presented below (and includes EGCB Ltd. Liability beginning in 2011):

(i) Spills of petroleum will not affect soil fertility and there is no expected adverse effect which may cause detrimental affect to the surrounding agricultural land.

(ii) The project activities will not affect any livelihood and residents so, there may not be any kind of compensation payments in and around project area.

(iii) Environmental pollution due to noise, air pollution from emission of gases and effluent discharges from power plant and as well as other social nuisance should be controlled.

(iv) A great deal of apprehension exists among the participants that an accident problem may cause death to many workers/labours during pilling and construction activities. Standard precautions must be taken, so that this type of accident is not repeated in this area.

(v) There is no people living in the old store area and no resettlement issues


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Fig-5.1. FGD for Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP within project study area

Expectation of the people: The following expectation from the local people were raised during the consultation

(a) Construction work should be completed within schedule. (b) Local people and businessmen should be employed in different activities of the project

on priority basis (c) When proposed project will be operated the villagers shall get the benefit out of it (d) The villagers expect to get good quality of environment by installing a power plant of

good quality, which will be able to provide uninterrupted power supply and will be able to keep air, noise pollution and natural water ways of the project impact area within WB and DoE’s specific guidelines as shown below in Table-.6.1.

Table-5.1. Brief extract of public consultation

Issues raised during public consultation

Phases of the project Measures addressed

Noise, dust and emissions Construction and operation This raisd concern has been properly addressed in the EIA report and bid documents

Reflection of Public consultation related to power plant construction:

The suggestion and expectation of the people consulted during public consultation are mainly focused on the installation of an environmental friendly power plant in the Siddhirganj power plant complex which will not have negative environmental and social impact in the surrounding environment and will also be beneficial for the people of the locality in all respect. In addition, GOB and WB guidelines, be addressed in all phases of the project to protect environment and life of the people. These issues are mainly addressed in the impact and mitigation chapter (Chapter-7) and also in the environmental management chapter (Chapter-8) and also adhered to referred GOB and WB regulations/guidelines.


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CHAPTER-6: ALTERNATIVE ANALYSIS

6.1. Introductory description

This Section provides an assessment of alternative site and technology options for the proposed 450 MW CCPP, which is an integral part of environmental impact assessment. For completeness, the scenario under “no project” situation, has also been discussed in this section.

6.2. Criteria for choosing suitable well site

The precise location of a 450 MW CCPP site is dependent upon the characteristics of the underlying environmental and technical feasibility. The following criteria were used for preliminary selection of the project site:

1. Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP needs to be technically feasible to produce necessary production and meet proposed demand of power generation

2. Feasible to build the plant within given area 3. Accessibility to the project site, Human settlements 4. Ecological condition and Ecological sensitivity 5. Socio-economic condition and public opinion etc. 6. sub-soil surveys during dry and wet seasons

6.3 Project location

Siddhirganj Power Plant complex has large number of power generating industries located within the compound. Another big industrial complex named as Adamjee EPZ which is located adjacent to Siddhirganj Power Plant complex. Adamjee EPZ contains large number of industries of versatile nature. Out side the above noted industrial complexes, there are also many medium and small industries scattered around the project area.

6.4. Technology options

450 MW CCPP is a modern technology with sophisticated environmental friendly machine

for generation of power. These units require reasonable space and electricity to run the plant.

There are few major components of the proposed 450 MW CCPP which are gas turbine

combined cycle, heat trapping steam boiler, Steam turbine etc. The 450 MW CCPP can

generate power with high efficiency and reliability. This will replace small old units and will

be suitable for long term benefit.

6.5. Alternative site selection analysis

6.5.1. Description of alternative sites that border each other is shown in Fig-6.1 &-6.2. Site-1 for proposed 450 MW CCPP at Siddhirganj compound:


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Location description Site #1 (Map-6.1) will be distributed as fallow land area within Siddhirganj Power Plant compound. Geological aspects The geology of the study area is known as Brahmaputra Meghna Flood Plain. The site is

medium highland and is used as current fallow land

Access road There is existing access road to the proposed Siddhirgnaj 450 MW CCPP. Canal/Khal and water bodies There are no canals/khals/ close to the proposed project site. There are some canals out side Siddhirganj compound and the Sitalakhya river is running adjacent on the eastern side of the Siddhirganj Power Plant complex. Settlements The proposed 450 MW CCPP site will not be very close to residential area within power plant complex. Vegetation and agriculture The proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP site will not damage agricultural cropland and homestead vegetation with wild life habitat. Dust during construction Dust during construction of the proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP will not much affect adjacent residential area as the residential area is not very close to project site. Ecologically sensitive areas Ecologically sensitive areas will not be affected. Total acquired land area The total land required for installation of the project will be approx. 9.24 acres and additional land for access road. Noise pollution There will be limited noise pollution to the local residence during project activities as the project site is located surrounding factories and large barrier wall. Project cost and public opinion Project cost will be more or less similar to site # 2. Site-2 for proposed 450 MW CCPP at Siddhirganj Power Plant complex compound: Location description


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Site#2 (Map-6.2) will be located adjacent to crowded areas within Siddhirganj Power Plant compound. Geological aspects The geology of the study area is known as Brahmaputra Meghna Flood Plain. The site is

medium highland and is used as current fallow land

Access road There is existing access road to the proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP. Canal/Khal and water bodies There are no canals/khals/ close to the proposed project site. There are some canals out side Siddhirganj compound and the Sitalakhya river is running adjacent on the eastern side of the Siddhirganj Power Plant complex. Housing settlements The selection of site # 2 for proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP will occupy school campus and needs relocation of school compound. In addition to that the proposed site is very much close to the existing residential areas within Siddhirganj power plant complex and will also approach very near to Mosque. Vegetation and agriculture The proposed project site will not damage any agriculture land or vegetations. Dust during construction Dust during construction of the proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP will affect nearest residents compared to site # 1 as it will be very close to residential accommodation of the Siddhirganj power plant complex. Ecological sensitive area Ecological sensitive area will not be affected. Total acquired land area The total land required for installation of the project will be approx. 9.24 acres. Noise pollution There will be high level noise pollution to the local residence during project activities as the project site is located surrounding residential area.

6.6. Analysis of alternative site selection

All the two Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP site locations were examined from different aspects such as environment, ecology, soil and land use, social acceptance etc. and ranked to provide an indication of their relative merits. The rankings are made from 0 to 10 where 0 is considered least suitable and 10 is the most suitable. From detail analysis it is found that site #1 is suitable compared to other sites and the data is presented in Table-6.1.


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Table-6.1. Analysis for selection of suitable alternate site

Parameters

Relative value with respect to different sites Site #1 Site #2

Accessibility 6 5 Topography 4 3 Technical 5 3 Ecological 6 5 Land acquisition 4 4 Social acceptance 7 4 Settlements 7 3 Mean 5.57 3.86

6.7. No project scenario

Bangladesh is facing a major electrical power shortage for the last one decade. The shortfall aggravated during the last 2-3 three years and the total power scenario is very complex one. The supply demand situation in this sector will drastically hamper the development in all sectors of life including those in agricultural, industrial, commercial and domestic sectors. Particularly, the agricultural sector and the industrial sector productivity stoppage may lead to catastrophic disaster in the country in future. There is no alternative than to add more power generating units to the existing power system of Bangladesh within a shortest possible time frame. This is due not only to meet the increase in demand, but also due to aging of the existing power generating units most of which will near their life cycle very shortly. Both, base load and peaking plants are necessary to be added to the system, so that the whole system can run economically and efficiently. The current proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP will be a tremendous breakthrough in terms of long term supply to meet the demand of current power crisis in Bangladesh. 6.7.1. Merits of Combined Cycle Power Plant Gas turbines are most suited for peaking duty and also have the capacity to run at continuous base load. Thus, when married to a Rankin cycle steam, its flexible characteristic is transmitted to this hybrid machine. At base load duties, thermal efficiency of 50% and above as compared to 37% for steam power plants and 35% for gas turbine power plant can be achieved. The advantages of combined-cycle technology can be summarized as follows: a) lower capital cost than other fossil fuel power alternatives. b) the short lead time for construction plus modular installation permits adapting capacity additions to fit uncertain load growth; c) capital costs are relatively firm because of the short lead time. d) the high efficiency results in lower fuel consumption with resultant minimum environmental pollution per kWh produced, and conservation of primary energy e) the smaller number of operation and maintenance personnel than conventional steam plants reduces the O&M cost.


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Fig-6.1. Alternative site-1 for proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP at Siddhirganj Power Plant complex


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Fig-6.2. Alternative site-2 for proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP


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CHAPTER-7: IDENTIFICATIONS AND ANALYSIS OF POTENTIAL IMPACTS

7.1. Environmental impacts during project sitting and development

Potential impacts during project sitting and development phase and their impact analysis are described below:

7.1.1. Impacts on land and soil

Impact origin The proposed project site is owned by Power Development Board (BPDB) under Ministry of Power, Energy and Mineral Resources (MPEMR) therefore, no acquisition of fresh land is required and no human settlement would be displaced. However, there is an abandoned old store house which will be cleared. During development phase main impact may occur due to demolition of old store located on the south–east side of the project area, excavating of soil, necessary filling of land by those excavated soil (if required), dredging of sand from adjacent river and filling of land from dredged materials for site preparation and land development for the construction of 450 MW CCPP, temporary camp if any, permanent office building, permanent staff quarter etc. Impact analysis The demolition work will be conducted for a very short period by mechanical means and all activities will be confined within the site. The debris and bats will kept at a suitable place within properly fenced site for a short time for final disposal by the demolition contractor who will reuse it in his other future project. In addition, the demolished materials will be covered by polyethylene sheets to avoid any kind of run off. Therefore, there will be no chance of any run off from the demolished building materials and no possible impact on the surrounding land and soil quality of the agricultural field. If dredging is required, the dredging will be conducted from an approved location of the adjacent Sitalakhya river and the dredged materials will be carried through iron pipe along the line of the wall of the Siddhirganj power plant complex. The land which will be filled with dredged materials, shall be properly fenced with the environmental friendly bamboo fence usually called “Bera” need to be lying by jute cloth usually named as “Chat” instead of geo-textile to retain dredged materials (if required to raise the land) and subsequently there will be no possibilities of any leakage of dredged materials on the surrounding land and soil quality of the agricultural field. The project area will be properly piled and confined within the Siddhirganj Power Plant compound in a small land area. Therefore there will be no chance of displacement of land in the surrounding environment and subsequently there will be no damage of vegetation and agricultural crop. If damage occurs and analytical findings are confirmed, Power cell will ensure that the EPC contractor is committed to pay compensation for the damage of


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vegetation and crops to the respective owners, when analytically determined that said damage was caused after 450 MW CCPP commissioning and EGCB ltd., will monitor the whole process.

7.1.2. Impact on Air

Impact origin During development and site clearing phase the air pollution may occur from different sources which includes: (i) Demolition of above noted store and a boundary wall located on the south-east side of the proposed 450 MW CCPP site (ii) Exhaust emission such as oxides of nitrogen (NOx), and volatile organic compound (VOC’s) from supply and other kind of vehicles necessary for site development, demolition work, equipments etc. (iii) dust such as particulate matter from earth work, excavation, demolition work etc. (iv) VOC’s from refuelling and fuel storage. All these activities will increase contents of particulate matters, dust and vapor in the air and will reduce air quality. This effect will be higher where operations occur in close proximity to the local population such as near villages, school and residential buildings. Impact analysis The clearing of the proposed land area for 450 MW CCPP particularly the demolition of old store and a boundary wall located on the south-east side of the above proposed site will be conducted by a local contractor under direct supervision of EGCB before handing over of the project site to appointed EPC contractor. The demolition work will be conducted for a short period during day time particularly school closing days and by mechanical means. There will be frequent water sprays on the debris and bats to minimize the dust emission in the area. In addition, the demolished materials will be covered by polyethylene sheets to avoid any kind of dust emission and run off. The debris, bats and waste building materials will be disposed for reuse by the demolition contractor immediately after completion of the work. During movement, the debris will be removed by covered truck to avoid any kind of dust emission in the project area and also along the route. All workers involved in the demolition work will use musk for protecting inhalation of dust during work. Therefore, there will be no chance of such dust emission impact on the air quality of the project area. The project area will be kept dust free by spraying water within the project site. All vehicles and equipments will be maintained properly to avoid excess emission. Roads will be sprayed if necessary to avoid excessive dust emission during pick hours of the day. During demolition work the WB Environment, Health, and WB Pollution Abatement Handbook (1998) will be followed.

7.1.3. Impact on Surface water

Impact origin


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Impact on surface water may be originated from different sources such as (i) Run off from dredged materials, excavated soil and debris of demolished building materials (ii) sewage water from 450 MW CCPP field camp (iii) filling of land with excavated soil Hydrology Reduction of run off, obstacle of flow of stream etc. may have impact on the hydrology. Impact analysis The demolished materials will be confined in a suitable place within the proposed 450 MW CCPP for a short period before final disposal by demolition contractor for reuse in his other project. In addition, the debris will be covered by polyethylene sheets to avoid dust any kind of run off to the surrounding water ways and agricultural fields. If dredging is required, the dredging will be conducted from an approved location of the adjacent Sitalakhya river and the dredged materials will be carried through iron pipe along the line of the wall of the Siddhirganj power plant complex. The land which will be filled with dredged materials, shall be properly fenced with the environmental friendly bamboo fence usually called “Bera” need to be lying by jute cloth usually named as “Chat” instead of geo-textile to retain dredged materials (if required to raise the land) and subsequently there will be no possibilities of any leakage of dredged materials on the surrounding land and soil quality of the agricultural field. From discussion with the project proponent it is found that there will be sewage containment such as septic tank facilities and will not contaminate surrounding waterways. In addition, the project will not generate large amount of solid and liquid waste at this stage and therefore, will not discharge any liquid waste to the surrounding waterways and agricultural field. The excavated soil will be contained within the project site and will not allow any soil run off to drain in the surrounding waterways and agricultural field. EGCB Ltd. has designed filling programs to ensure that there will be no chance of run-off or any kind of adverse impact on the earth cuttings and hydrology within the project area. The EPC contractor shall manage dredged materials and sewage following GOB and also WB Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines for Thermal Power plant-2008.

7.1.4. Impact on Ground water

Impact origin Ground water may be contaminated due to infiltration of sewage effluent if it is not managed. Impact analysis The ground water is good at this stage and the project will not take any activity at this stage that can cause adverse effect on the ground water quality, flow levels, decrease and increase of ground water sources.


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The main workers camp at Siddhirganj Power Plant compound will have septic facilities and therefore will not contaminate ground water with sewage waste.

7.1.5. Impacts on socio-economic condition

Origin of impacts The origins of impacts are (i) migration of workers (ii) restriction of access to the resources and (iii) social conflicts. Impact analysis The project at this stage will not hire any workers from out side and therefore will not create any social conflict. All workers will use existing access road and the workers will not face any problems to reach the work place. Further more, the project will create some jobs in the local area that will improve the economy of the local people.

7.1.6. Impacts on biological resources

Impact origin During project sitting, land selection and development stages normally potential impacts are due to development of land such as demolition of old stores located on the south-east side of the proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP, dredging of sand for land filling, excavating and earth filling of adjacent ditch and minor construction such as office building etc. Impact analysis The project site is a medium low land and currently used as a fallow. There are no wetland and water bodies in the project site. The project site is within the Siddhirganj Power Plant compound and the project site will be properly fenced. If raising of land is required, the land which will be filled with dredged materials, shall be properly fenced with the environmental friendly bamboo fence usually called “Bera” need to be lying by jute cloth usually named as “Chat” instead of geo-textile to retain dredged materials (if required to raise the land) and subsequently there will be no possibilities of any leakage of dredged materials on the surrounding land and soil quality of the agricultural field. The earth filling soil or demolished materials or small construction materials in the surrounding environment will be confined to the site and therefore, will not affect any biological resources in the surrounding environment.

7.1.7. Impacts due to Noise and vibration

Impact origin


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At this stage of the project, major noise and vibration may occur due to vehicular movement, other piling equipment, land filling activities and also minor construction works. Impact analysis These activities may cause some sound but it will be conducted for short period and the sound created due to those operations are also low/moderate label and therefore, will not have much impact on human, live stock and wild life.

7.2. Environmental impacts during Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP construction phase

The potential impacts and their analysis due to 450 MW CCPP constructions are discussed below.

7.2.1. Impacts on land and soil

Impact origin During construction phase the major pollution sources may be due to construction of (i) mixture pad (ii) excavation (iii) construction of pilling works (iii) casting (iv) production of debris (iv) erection works. Each activity will have impact on the environment. Impact analysis The mixture pad will be prepared within the properly fenced project site. The pad will be built with bricks and pointing with cement. There will not have any chance of run off of cements from the mixture pad. In addition, batching plant will be used for casting. The construction of mixture pad and piling works will be done within the project site and will not release any construction materials including construction run off in the surrounding land. Rig installation is a mechanical work and will not have any impact on surrounding land and soil.

7.2.2. Impacts on Air

Impact origin Diesel generators, chemical mixing, vibrator, excavator, construction dust and dust from crashing of stone/bricks etc., construction vehicles including trucks, fugitive emissions; storage, refuelling etc. are the major sources of exhaust emission during project activities. Impact analysis Proper maintenance of generators, equipments etc. are necessary and control fugitive emission sources. The construction of Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP will be done within the project site and will be completed within a short time. There will be regular spraying of water on the roads, and bricks to control dust during construction period when required. The stone/bricks crashing will be done mechanically by modern machine within restricted time and precaution will be taken in minimizing air pollution. The excess soil


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and sands will be kept in a designated place within the project site and covered accordingly.

7.2.3. Impacts on surface water

Impact origin The major sources of impacts on surface water are drilling for pilling works, casting of construction works, construction run off etc.. The mixtures for casting are likely to compose of clay stone, siltstone and sand stone, cement and rock etc. Impact analysis The piling work for construction will be conducted by micro piling techniques which will not generate any run off of mud and drain in the surrounding water ways while stabilizing 450 MW CCPP with ground conditions.

7.2.4. Impact on Ground water

Impact origin Major sources are from leaks, spills, releases of fuels, oils, etc. The pilling works will be followed by casting works which may generate cement mixture that shall be contained within the project site.

Impact Analysis

The piling work for construction will be conducted by micro piling techniques which will not generate any mud and no chance of leaching of mud in the under ground water.

7.2.5. Impact due to noise and vibration

Impact origin Construction activities will disturb the rural people and wildlife. During construction works vehicles including batching plant for casting will also operate in and out of the field. Pumps, motors, generators will be running that will contribute some noise. Impact analysis EGCB Ltd. will ensure that the EPC contractor shall use available batching plant for casting and other modern mechanical construction equipment that will have relatively low intensity of noise. The project site is protected with concrete boundary walls which will work as a sound barrier. In addition, the villagers are living out side the concrete boundary and may not be affected due to sound pollution.

7.2.6. Impacts on socioeconomic conditions

Impact origin Construction activities will be for a short period and during operation period skilled and unskilled workers will be engaged.


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Impact analysis Most of the construction activities are conducted by skilled and mostly unskilled labours. Most unskilled labours will be hired from local areas to avoid conflict about job opportunity in the locality. Therefore, local employments will be increased.

7.2.7. Impacts on the biological resources

Impact origin Filling of land with excavated soil and run off from construction activities including sewage discharges of workers may cause disturbance to the wetland species. Noise due to construction activities may cause disturbance to the wildlife. Impact analysis The project site is medium highland within Siddhirganj Power Plant compound and surrounded by concrete wall and therefore, no wetland species will be affected due to construction activities. The workers will use toilets with septic tank facilities and therefore, there will be no sewage discharges out side the project site. The construction activities, movement of construction equipment will be confined within Siddhirganj Power Plant compound and for day period. Since the construction activities is for short time, if the wild life is disturbed for construction noise they will come back after the major construction operation is over.

7.3. Environmental impacts during 450 MW CCPP operation phase

7.3.1. Impact on land and soil

Impact origin During operation period various activities will be involved such as operation, maintenance etc. which will involve movement of workers and officials in and around the power plant and may also release some solid and liquid discharges in the surrounding land and soil unless proper management is carried out and mitigated. Impact analysis EGCB Ltd. ensures that the appointed EPC contractor will keep the project site tidy and will follow appropriate solid waste management program. The solid and kitchen waste will be segregated at source and temporarily disposed in a primary collection point and from there it will be disposed to the designated solid waste dumping site. In addition to that WB Environment, Health and Safety guidelines for Thermal Power Plant-2008 (Annex-III) and Environmental, Heath and Safety general guidelines (2007) including other GoB/WB guidelines will be followed by EPC contractor and therefore there will not have any such accidental release of chemicals in the surrounding land and soil.

7.3.2. Impact on Air


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Impact origin During operation ambient air quality may be affected due to emission of flue gases from the gas turbine stack and incomplete burning of gases from the operation of gas turbine. Pollution of air increased when gas used as fuel contains high percentage of impurities like sulfur, hydrocarbon, nitrogen etc.

The high temperature of flue gas also produces impacts on the air quality in terms of thermal pollution. The combustion of fossil fuels for power generation inevitably results in emission of gaseous pollutants to the atmosphere. The major pollutants of potential concern are sulphur dioxide (SO2), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO) and Carbon dioxide (CO2). The emissions of (CO2) also cause greenhouse effect and contribute in the global warming. In addition, natural gas used as fuel for power generation may also contains dust particles and can affect air quality with high concentration of particulate matters. During operation emission of gases may occur occasionally from generators or motors. Impact analysis The proposed power plant would be of latest design with an optimum efficiency of combined cycle. Hence there will be less CO2 emission per unit of energy (kWh) generated.

Natural gas would be used as fuel and gas available in Bangladesh contains little amount of impurities (0.728 per cent nitrogen obtained from secondary data which can not be quoted). Therefore, there would be more likely no SO2 emission. NOx will be mostly inhibited by appropriate measure in the system design. For well dispersion of the hot air from gas turbine height of stack shall be properly designed depending on the mixing zone and on the basis of surrounding base line environment. This will ensure wider dispersion of NOx and hence its emission will be dispersed over a wide area giving very negligible concentration as compared to the limit set in GOB (Annex-V) and WB Standards as shown in Environment, Health and Safety guidelines for Thermal Power Plant-2008 in Annex-III.

Hot gases will be led into the exhaust stack and the height from the ground level to discharge the exhausted gases into atmosphere will have to establish based on the design as stated above. The secondary data indicates that exit velocity of the gases from the chimney may be around 30 meter/second but it may not be true in all cases. The height of the chimney shall be adequate for evacuation of hot gases from the turbine and will not have any such impact in the air quality.

The natural gas available in Bangladesh would be used as fuel for the proposed combined cycle power plant and the gas contains more likely no dust, there shall be no significant concentration of particulate in the exhaust gas. Any particulate in the exhaust gases is likely to be dust drawn in through the air intakes. Proper filters and appropriate maintenance of the filters on the air intake will prevent this problem and will be carried


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out as part of the maintenance schedule. Exhaust emission sampling is proposed to be carried out by on-line system.

This may be noted that It was not possible to conduct a power plant emission modelling due to time constrain, therefore, it is suggested that the EPC contractor shall conduct an above noted emission dispersion modeling for appropriate functioning of the power plant complying GOB and WB guidelines. The generators and motors may exhaust minor amount of CO2, CO and traces of sulfur might be present. EGCB Ltd. will ensure that appointed EPC contractor shall minimize any exhaust emission including green house gases and follow WB Environment, Health and Safety guidelines for Thermal Power Plant -2008 (Annex-III), Environmental, Heath and Safety general guidelines (2007) including other GoB guidelines and relevant international guidelines. The vehicles and other equipment will be properly maintained to avoid any excess exhaust emission including above noted gases and will meet DOE (Bangladesh) and WB Environment, Health and Safety guidelines for Thermal Power Plant -2008 standards (Annex-III).

7.3.3. Impact on surface water and ground water

Impact origin

Approximately 14 m3/sec of make up water will be pumped in from the river. The withdrawn of water from Sitalakhya may have long term impact on the river water users and other stake holders. During operation there my have chance of releasing less treated wastes containing chemicals, oil substance, plant washing water from ETP, sewage and thermal load in the water ways etc. There will be continuous make-up of lubricating oil to the GT and STG. This will be supplied by engine driven pumps through lube oil coolers. A portion of the lube oil will be cleaned by means of centrifuge oil purifier and will be put back into engine oil pump. Samples of oil from engine system will be periodically taken for laboratory analysis to ensure quality of oil to acceptable specification. In case of oil quality deteriorating, the engine oil will be replaced with clean batch and the used engine oil may be released in the water ways. Impact analysis The feasibility report for proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP indicated that the plant will consume approximately 14 m3/sec which is about 11.02% of the total flow of water (127 m3/sec as per IWM report-2007-2008) in the lean period. It is estimated that the industries surrounding Siddhirganj power plant complex area will consume net 23.55% of the total flow of river whereas the rest of 76.48% river water


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flow will be still available for natural environment and aquatic ecology which is viable for sustainable natural environment. In spite of this estimation, it is strongly suggested that the EPC contractor shall conduct water modelling study before designing 450 MW CCPP. The details about water abstraction and availability of water in the Sitalakhya river is described in section 3.7.3. EGCB Ltd. will ensure that EPC contractor follows International maintenance and product vendor recommended practices and maintenance guidelines including WB Environment, Health and Safety guidelines for Thermal Power Plant (2008) and other GoB guidelines including relevant international guidelines. to minimize waste discharges within GOB/WB limits and protect surrounding environment and ground water. The proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP will take reasonable amount of water from adjacent Sitalakhya river through an intake structure. A portion of the withdrawn water will undergo chemical treatment to provide boiler make-up water and rest of water will be used in close circuit cooling system for ancillary equipment and condenser. During over hauling of cooling tower and boiler blow down, the waste water will be treated in the ETP of power plant and discharge in to the river through discharge channel complying industrial (power plant) waste water discharge guidelines of GOB and WB. The GOB industrial discharge guideline is shown in Annex-XIII. Care will be taken in the design of water system for the Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP that no contamination or waste is carried to the river. Thus, the river water will remain free from any sort of negative impact originated from the power plant. The dirty oil from the engine will be collected in drums and proposed to be supplied to the prospective re-users in an environmental friendly manner. There will have regular routine check up of the water and solids of Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP, which will meet international and DoE standards including WB Environmental, Health and Safety guidelines for Thermal Power Plant (2008) standards without failure before releasing to the natural environment. Therefore, there will not have any chances of releasing of improper treated wastes in to the surrounding environment and natural water ways from the Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP. In case there is any such accident happened, the Power cell under MPEMR, GOB will ensure that the EPC contractor be solely responsible during their contract period where EGCB will monitor the whole process. After the end of contract period and commercial hand over, the EGCB ltd. will take the responsibility and do the needful. But in any case, the unlawful mismanagement from the side of appointed EPC contractor during implementation of the proposed 450 MW CCPP at Siddhirganj power plant complex shall not be borne by the EGCB Ltd. or GOB.

7.3.4. Impact due to noise and vibration

Impact origin During operational phase significant level of noise and vibration would be generated from the gas turbine and steam turbine, exhaust gas system, and charge air system. In addition, there will be movements of vehicles and noise of motors including other


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machineries. All these activities may create some noise. These may create psychological and physical effects on human health. Impact analysis The noise level at the power plant will be reduced by putting baffle type silencers in both inlet duct and exhaust duct to arrest noise due to flow of air and exhaust gases respectively. The noise due to running of the machine will be arrested by acoustic enclosures. In addition to that noise reduction mechanism shall be integrated in the plant building design by EPC contractor to meet regulatory standards (GoB regulations and WB Environmental, Health and safety guidelines for Thermal power Plant -2008) during operation. All vehicles will be maintained properly and scheduled during day activities. All related machineries of the power plant will be operated within confined rooms and also within the compound of proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP power plant site and also Siddhirganj Power Plant compound surrounded by concrete wall and plantation along the boundary wall as a barrier of noise. The noise level immediately out side power plant building wall must be maintained within the limit of GOB and WB Environmental Health and Safety general guidelines (2007), Environmental, Health and Safety guidelines for Thermal Power Plant (2008) and international standards. Therefore, very limited noise (within acceptable limit) will be heard from out side the proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP project site which in any case will not affect adjacent school children and residents. The workers will use safety device for protection of their ears following DoE and WB Environmental, Health and Safety general guidelines (2007), Environmental, Health and Safety guidelines for Thermal Power Plant (2008) and other relevant International guidelines. Plant foundation shall be designed to minimize vibration effect.

7.3.5. Impact on biological resources

Impact origin The treated waste will always meet the DoE and International guidelines and their standards. But any accidental release of improper treated discharges, used engine oils, sewage and plant wash etc., may damage surrounding water ways and eco-system. Wildlife might be disturbed by machinery noise and vehicular movements and human activities during operations. Impact analysis The EGCB Ltd. corporate office will have regular routine check up of the treated wastes of Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP, which will meet international and DoE/WB standards without failure before releasing in to the natural environment. Therefore, there will not have any chances of releasing of improper treated wastes, used engine oils, sewage etc., in to the surrounding environment/natural water ways from the Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP. In case there is any such accident happened, the Power cell under MPEMR, GOB will ensure that the EPC contractor be solely responsible during their contract period and pay compensation for the damage after confirmation from laboratory test and EGCB Ltd.


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will monitor the whole process. After the end of the contract period, the EGCB ltd. will take the responsibility for proper operation and maintenance. All vehicles used in the project activities will be properly maintained to avoid any kind of spills to the surrounding biological resources. In addition, noise from vehicle, plant equipment and human activities will be minimized and confined within scheduled daytime to avoid any impacts on the surrounding wild life.

7.3.6. Impact on socio-economic condition

Impact origin During operation both unskilled and skilled workers will be employed. There might be conflict about hiring of workers among the community. Impact analysis Most unskilled workers will be hired from the local community and therefore there will be no chance of conflict of interest among community workers. In addition, more employments will be generated due to installation of the proposed project.

7.4. Application of Impact Assessment Methods

7.4.1. Impact Assessment Methods general

The heavy construction activities of Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP may have impacts on the environment causing damages to natural, physical and ecological resources and to human quality of life values. These impacts are well understood in general terms. These impacts will of course, vary in nature according to the vulnerabilities of each Important Environmental Components (IEC) depending on the location and ecological characteristics of project construction site. Department of Environment (DoE) of Bangladesh provides guidelines for applications for impact assessment in its publication “EIA Guidelines for Industries”.

The EIA team identifies the potential adverse impacts and tries to quantify the impacts as far as practicable. This section of the report evaluates the significance of the impacts for considering appropriates mitigation measures to reduce or offset the adverse impacts. The severity of the impacts on each of the IEC's were analyzed depending on the scale of impact, probability of impacts, duration of impacts and probability of recovery due to mitigations. Summary of anticipated impacts and severity of impacts on each of the IEC's is given in Tabl-8.1 and also provides the impact evaluation in a matrix form based on the consultant’s judgments on the understanding of the residual impacts after implementing the planned mitigation measures.

The construction activities of Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP may result in a number of environmental interactions and resultant effects. In common with many industrial activities these may involve operating discharges (solids, liquids, gases and also heat if any), disturbance (audible, physical) and risks of accidental events. This section of the


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report describes the likely environmental effects introduced to the environment as a result, of the proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP construction program, and assesses their potential implications.

The sources of potential environmental impact are categorized into routine and accidental effects. Routine effects are the product of normal operating procedures and working practices. Non-routine or accidental events leading to environmental effects may be predicted and planned for and to some extent avoided with management.

The levels of environmental effect are expressed in quantitative terms (where possible) and the nature, extent, duration and effects described. The nature of effect of a particular disturbance (or input) on biological systems is often difficult to quantify. Hence general statements are made on resultant impact, although specific cause effect impact relationships are identified where known.

7.4 .2. Review of DOE guidelines for Impact Assessment Methods.

Checklist and Matrix Methods

At the IEE stage it is necessary to know the whole range of potential Impacts on the various environmental components due to various project activities, if possible quantitatively, or at least qualitatively.

Impacts may be considered as a result of interaction between the Project and the Environment. Impacts are essentially changes in the Environment. Thus:

[Project] + [Environment] = [Changed Environment]

Since, different activities involved in implementing and operating a project would have impacts on different components of the environment, it is desirable to classify the project into various activities and the environment into different components. It must be noted that each project activity may not impact all the environmental components, and that each environmental component may be not significantly impacted by the project activities. Hence, even if the numbers of project activities and environmental components may be large, the potential significant impacts may be limited in number.

The classification of a project into various activities improves our understanding of the project form an environmental viewpoint. This breaking down of the project into activities can be best done by the project details and requirements. The identification of project activities should not be confined to the construction and operating phases of the project under normal environment, e.g. power-tripping, equipment breakdown etc should also be addressed in terms of their potential adverse impacts.

Lists of project activities and environmental components serve as checklists, and these together provide a framework in identifying quickly the impacting activities and the environmental components, which would get impacted upon.


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Checklists

Checklists are normative considerations evolved out of the examination of activity component relationships of the impact framework. Where qualitative or quantitative evaluations are attempted each impact area is associated with a list of environmental parameters.

The checklists serve as a reminder of all possible relationships and impacts out of which a set relevant to specific study may be chosen. Several such checklists have been developed and published as guidelines and manuals. However it is always possible that an important local factor may be left out of the generic checklists that appear in EIA guidelines.

The checklists help people in responsible positions to become more aware of what they should be looking for when assessing a proposed project.

Checklists can be classified into descriptive, scaling and weight-scaling categories. However, the New ADB published IEE checklist is a good example of a simple and direct approach to making an initial evaluation.

7.4.3. Matrix

A matrix is a development of basic checklists, into a form of more easily examined, graphic activity-component interaction. The matrix consists of a horizontal list of development activities displayed against a vertical list of environmental factors. The matrix is used to identify impacts by systematically checking each development activity against each environmental parameter. It provides cause-effect relationships between the various project activities and their impacts on the numerous environmentally important sectors or components.

Having set up the activity – component linkages of “suspected impact relationship” it is possible to do some more speculation regarding.

Adverse of beneficial impacts Size of the impact (High, moderate or negligible) Duration of the impact (short term, long term or continuous or sporadic) Nature of the impact (reversible or irreversible) Present understanding of the impact (i.e. adequate, not adequate or even

impossible)

All the above are basically impact attributes or impact characteristics.

The significance of an impact depends on:

The number of people affected The duration of an effect


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The proportion of a natural resource which is damaged or consumed Relationships with the other components of the project or other projects in the

region, and Intensity of severity of the impact.

The matrix method is amenable for indicating the impact characteristics. This can be done either at the level of group activities versus group components, or individual activities against individual components. It must be remembered that matrix presentation essentially aims at improving the communicability between the impact analysts, decision-makers and the people.

However the checklist and matrix approach have limitations, which are as follows:

Impact characteristics are a kind of subjective prediction as well as assessment. They do not consider component to component or secondary impacts.

In spite of the above mentioned drawbacks, checklists and matrices are extensively used as assessment methods, due to their simplicity.

7.4.4. Potential Environmental Impacts of the project activities

The potential impacts associated with the pre-construction, construction and operation phases of Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP site is evaluated with respect to the National and International standards and criteria. Large numbers of Important Environmental Components (IECs) have been selected on the basis of the guidelines of the DOE and their negative impacts in respect to the different activities of the proposed project component are shown in Table7.1. Table-7.1. Project activities and potential negative impacts for 450 MW CCPP construction

Proposed project activities

Effect on the Environment/ecology/social life

Type of impact

Duration of impact

Intensity of impact

450 MW CCPP Pre-construction and design impacts

a. Survey and land allocation b. Displacement of settlements, during laying of foundation of Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP c. Set-up of campsite d. demolition of old store & a boundary wall on the south-east side of the proposed site e. Dredging of sand for land filling

Impact on social life and environment: a. There is chance of damage of ecology and agricultural field b. Dislocation of settlements and loss of livelihood c. May disturb local community and share resources d. Impact on air and human health, land and soil e. Impact of agricultural land

A A A A A

short short short Short Short

L L L L L


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Type of impact

Duration of impact

Intensity of impact

and on water ways 450 MW CCPP Construction phase

a. Labour movement b. Dust emission due to construction equipment, construction vehicles and construction works. c. Exhaust emission and smoke from construction equipment and vehicle during construction works d. oil spill & leakage from construction vehicle and construction equipment during construction works e. Noise emission from construction vehicles, construction equipment during construction of foundation and superstructures f. soil erosion due to excavation and pilling works and also disturbance of soil during construction g. Pollution of water resources due to direct discharge of construction run-off h. Transportation of equipment, materials and personnel; storage of materials i. Dredging and excavating of soil for land filling j. Sewage and domestic waste k. Socio-economic impacts during construction l. Accidental hazard due to construction works

Impact on environment and social life: a. Spreading of disease to human, soil erosion and soil compactness b. Impact on air quality, impact on flora, fauna and human health c. Impact on air quality and human health d. Impact on water quality, flora, fauna and human health including eco-system e. Sound pollution-nuisance to human, wild life, livestock f. Turbidity and sedimentation g. Contamination of water/soil and impact on flora, fauna h. traffic jam, i. Turbidity and sedimentation in the water ways and impact on the soil of agricultural land j. contamination of water quality, impact on human health, flora, fauna and ecosystem k. Employment opportunity - sharing of natural resources and facilities l. Impact on human health

A A A A A A A A A A A A

Medium Medium Short Short Medium Short Short Short Short Short long Medium

L L L L L L L L L L L L

Operation phase


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Type of impact

Duration of impact

Intensity of impact

a. During 450 MW CCPP operation heat, flue gas and other gases may be released b. Generation of noise from power plant operation, human activities and vehicular movement c. water consumption during power generation from both surface water and ground water d. Thermal load discharge in the surface water e. Discharge of improper effluent from ETP of power plant f. Discharge of used engine oil and other waste from boiler draw down g. Discharge of plant wash, sewage/domestic waste h. Socio-economic improvement during 450 MW CCPP operation

Impact on environment/biodiversity and social life: a. Air pollution may occur due to generation of heat, emission of gases from power plant b. Nuisance to local people, live stock, wild life c. Impact on the flow of surface water and its quality -Depletion of ground water d. Impact on the river ecology and aquatic life e. Contamination of water/soil f. Impact on water and soil ecology g. Contamination of water/soil h. Opportunity of local employment

A A A A A A A B

Long Long Long Long Long Long Long long

H H M M H M H L

Type of impact: A=adverse effect B=beneficiary effect Intensity of impact: L=low intensity, M=Moderate intensity, H=High intensity Duration of impact: Long=long –term effect on the environment, short=short –term effect on the environment Medium=Medium-term effect on the environment


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CHAPTER-8: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MITIGATION PLAN

8.1 SCOPE OF EMP

Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is related to the implementation of the measures

prescribed in the EIA to reduce the adverse impacts at the acceptable levels as well as to

enhance the beneficial impacts. The objective of EIA cannot be achieved unless the

mitigation and benefit enhancement measures, identified in the EIA are observed

properly. The EMP is an integrated part of the project planning and execution. It is

important to interact dynamically as project implementation proceeds, dealing flexibly

with environmental impacts, both predicted and unpredicted.

EMP encompasses the obligation of contractors and operators for good industrial

activities, the EMP will include the following measures:

(a) the measures will be taken during both construction and operation phases of the

project to eliminate or offset adverse environmental impacts, or reduce them to

acceptable levels;

(b) a monitoring plan will be prepared in association with contractor to assess the

effectiveness of the monitoring and mitigation measures.

(c) the contractor will prepare necessary maps (with geo-reference) for

environmental monitoring activities

(d) currently the EGCB does not have any corporate environmental guidelines and

therefore, the contractors will follow their own corporate guidelines/ rules, WB and

DoE's environmental guidelines and international guidelines (where applicable).

Environmental management and monitoring activities for the proposed power plant

project will be accomplished in to two separate phases (i) construction and (ii) operation

phase as described below. The environmental monitoring activities will be performed and

subsequently monitoring reports will be submitted to DOE and WB as per requirements.

Construction Phase The environmental management during the construction phase will be focused on the

following aspects:

(a) Creation/generation and disposal of sewage, solid waste and construction

waste


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(b) Increased traffic

(c) Creation/generation of dust (particulate matter)

(d) Creation/generation of noise

(e) Oil spillage from construction equipment and vehicle

The environmental management should also focus on enhancing the possible beneficial

impacts arising from employment of local workforce for construction works

Operation Phase The environmental management during the operational phase will focus on the following

issues:

(a) Emission from the power plant

(b) Generation of noise

(c) Generation of industrial waste at the plant (Solid and Liquid)

(d) Generation of domestic waste (Sewage and kitchen waste)

8.2. Potential impacts and mitigation measures during project period

The Table 8.1 summarizes the potentially significant environmental impacts during

construction and operation phases and their corresponding mitigation measures. In

addition to that, the table also describes the environmental management responsibilities.

During project implementation period appropriate measures will be taken for elimination

of adverse impacts and enhance positive impacts. The monitoring plan and monitoring

schedule has been briefly discussed in this chapter.

Table 8.1: Potentially significant environmental impact during construction and operation

phase and their mitigation measures


Potentially Significant

Impacts Mitigation measures

Implementation responsibility

Supervising responsibility

450 MW CCPP Pre-construction and design impacts

Impact on social life and environment:

a. Survey and land allocation

a. Possibility of damage of ecology and agricultural field

a. The land is within the compound of Siddhirganj Power Plant and there is no ecological area within the compound

a. EGCB Ltd. a. Managing Director –EGCB Ltd.

b. Displacement of b. Dislocation of b. EGCB Ltd., own the b. EGCB Ltd. b. Managing


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settlements, during laying of foundation of 450 MW CCPP

settlements and loss of livelihood

allocated land which have no settlements and there is no possibility of disruption of any settlements

Director –EGCB Ltd.

c. Set-up of campsite

c. may disturb local community and share resources

c. camp will be set up within Siddhirganj Power Plant compound by the side of the project site and will not disturb local community

c. EGCB Ltd. c. Project Director –EGCB Ltd.

d. Demolition of old store and a boundary wall on the south-east side of the proposed site

d. -Impact on air quality causing human health hazards, on land and soil -displacement of residents and necessity of resettlement

d. The demolition will be done by mechanical means and will be confined for short time during day period -There will be regular water spray to control dust -old store is not used by any6 occupants as residents and no scope of any resettlements

d. EGCB Ltd. d. EMU-. EGCB Ltd.

Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP Construction phase

Impact on environment and social life:

a. Labour movement and influx of workers

a.-Generation of sewage and solid waste - Possible spreading of disease from workers -soil compact ness

a. -Construction of sanitary latrine having facility of septic tank and soak pit system -Erecting “no litter” sign, provision of waste bins/cans, where appropriate -Waste minimization, recycle and reuse -Disposal of solid waste in designated municipal dumping place -Clean bill of health a condition for employment -HSE training to the workers in every week -Regular Medical Check up of the workers -Excavation will be done mechanically -limited labours will be

a. –EGCB Ltd will monitor and contractor shall implement

a. EMU-EGCB including owner’s engineer will monitor and concern Officer of EPC contractor according to EMAP


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involved in the excavation work and their movement will be restricted in the project site within the compound of Siddhirganj Power Plant complex area

b. Dust emissions due to construction equipment, construction vehicles, and construction works and also production of construction debris/waste during construction.

b. Impact on air quality, impact on flora, fauna and human health -Deterioration of air quality from wind-blown dust and possible use of equipment, such as stone (aggregate crushers)

b. -Water spray on a routine basis during construction period -notice to the local community regarding construction works -confined project activities during day period -Exposed soil areas, excavated materials, dusty roads shall be dammed with water during dry condition -Vehicle shall not be over loaded -Good and standard house keeping practice for road sweeping and washing will be effective for dust control -Restoration of disturbed soil to its original use - No stone crushers will be used, which may produce significant amount of particulate matter -Construction spoils will be used as filling materials as and when is required, no debris will be left unattained at the construction site. -Excavated materials (if any) will be sold/disposed before making any annoyance -Continuous watering of bare areas -School going children should be protected from traffic hazard during construction phase, with installation of proper traffic sign and warnings -Speed reduction to 10 km

b.–EGCB Ltd will monitor and contractor shall implement

b. EMU-EGCB including owner’s engineer will monitor and concern Officer of EPC contractor according to EMAP


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- Generation of construction waste

per hour within the Siddhirganj Power Plant complex and 05 Km/hr in front of the school and mosque during school and pray hour -Hauling of construction debris away from the site and their appropriate disposal in a designated municipal landfill

c. Exhaust emission and smoke from construction equipment, construction vehicles during construction works

c. Impact on air quality and human health

c. Regular checking of vehicle by trained auto technicians -avoid old vehicles and minimize exhaust and smoke emission from construction vehicles and equipments -The equipments will be kept in good working order

c.– EGCB Ltd will monitor and contractor shall implement

c.EMU-EGCB including owner’s engineer will monitor and concern Officer of EPC contractor according to EMAP

d. oil and grease spill & leakage from construction vehicles and construction equipment during construction works

d. Impact on soil and water quality, flora, fauna and human health including eco-system

d. -Trained operator for correct fuel transfer Techniques -Ensure regular maintenance of equipment to prevent diesel and hydraulic oil spills -Tidiness will be kept -Proper handling of lubricating oil and fuel will be ensured -Collection of accidental spillage, proper treatment, and disposal will be ensured

d.- EGCB Ltd will monitor and contractor shall implement

d.EMU-EGCB including owner’s engineer will monitor and concern Officer of EPC contractor according to EMAP

e. Noise pollution from construction vehicles, construction equipment and during construction works

e. Sound pollution-nuisance to human, wild life, livestock

e.- ensure good vehicle including proper load carrying practice -all vehicles shall use good silencer for reducing noise during their movements -Noise suppressors and mufflers will be used in heavy equipment -Heavy construction equipment will be used, avoiding school hours and also at night time -Prolonged exposure to noise will be restricted to

e.- EGCB Ltd will monitor and contractor shall implement

e. . EMU-EGCB including owner’s engineer will monitor and concern Officer of EPC contractor according to EMAP


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the (produced by equipment) workers -Buffer zone between the school and construction site is already created by existing compound wall of Siddhirganj Power Plant compound which will work as a safety barrier to protect School and household children during construction.

f. soil erosion and uncover of cultural property due to excavation and pilling works and also disturbance of soil during construction

f. Turbidity and sedimentation -damage of cultural property

f.-soil should be stockpiled in a place to avoid run-off -Exposed soil areas, excavated materials should be watered during dry condition -Excavated soil will be confined within the Siddhirganj Power Plant compound and not be released in the environment out side Siddhirganj Power Plant compound -In case culturally valuable materials are uncovered during excavation or any project activities, work should be stopped and follow GOB rules and WB Cultural property management guidelines (OP-4.20) as described in this EIA's section 2.7.1.3. and 8.10.

f.- EGCB Ltd will monitor and contractor shall implement

f. . EMU-EGCB including owner’s engineer will monitor and concern Officer of EPC contractor according to EMAP

g. Pollution of water resources due to direct discharge of construction run-off

g. Contamination of water/soil and impact on flora, fauna

g- Adequate run-off anddrainage control in construction areas will be provided. Sediment laden construction water will be discharged into settling ponds prior to final discharge. Direct discharge into surface watercourses out side Siddhirganj Power Plant compound will not be allowed. Earth, stones and solid waste will be properly stockpiled and disposed of so that these do not block water flows

g.- EGCB Ltd will monitor and contractor shall implement

g.EMU-EGCB including owner’s engineer will monitor and concern Officer of EPC contractor according to EMAP


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of any canals, rivers and streams, out side Siddhirganj Power Plant compound thereby avoiding adverse impact on water quality and flow regime.

h. Transportation of equipment, materials and personnel; storage of materials

h.-Increased traffic/navigation -Generation of noise, especially affecting the nearby school and residential areas -Deterioration of air quality from increased vehicular movement, affecting people in the surrounding areas -Wind-blown dust from material (e.g., fine aggregate) storage areas

h.-Scheduling of deliveries during non-school hours and after regular working hours -School going children should be protected from traffic hazard - Vehicles will be keeping under good condition, with regular checking of vehicle condition to ensure compliance with national standard of emission (from vehicles) - Watering unpaved/dusty roads -Sprinkling and covering stockpiles -Covering top of trucks carrying materials to the site and carrying construction debris away from the site

h.- EGCB Ltd will monitor and contractor shall implement

h.EMU-EGCB including owner’s engineer will monitor and concern Officer of EPC contractor according to EMAP

i. Dredging of sand or excavating of soil for land filling

i. Turbidity and sedimentation -may have impact on soil of agricultural land

i. Dredging of sand will be done from designated approve area of the river following GOB guidelines -dredged materials will be placed in a confined fenced with bamboo having jute cloth lining to avoid any kind of leaking in to the surrounding water ways and nearby areas.

i.- EGCB Ltd will monitor and contractor shall implement

i. . EMU-EGCB including owner’s engineer will monitor and concern Officer of EPC contractor according to EMAP

j. Sewage and domestic waste

j. contamination of water quality, impact on human health, flora, fauna and ecosystem

j. All toilets during construction works will have facility with septic tank to avoid any sewage contamination to the natural water ways. -EPC contractor shall ensure to screen domestic waste at source and dispose in the municipality damp yard to

j.- EGCB Ltd will monitor and contractor shall implement

j. . EMU-EGCB including owner’s engineer will monitor and concern Officer of EPC contractor according to EMAP


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avoid nuisance. k. Socio-economic impacts

k. Employment opportunity

k- Employment of local people as much as possible -Provide sufficient notification to the surrounding people about the intended onset of project activities -Sufficient water and sanitation facility for work force

k.- EGCB Ltd will monitor and contractor shall implement

k. . EMU-EGCB including owner’s engineer will monitor and concern Officer of EPC contractor according to EMAP

l. Accidental hazards

l. Impact on the workers health and environment

l.-Regular inspection and maintenance of equipment -Environmental health and safety briefing -Use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

l.-EGCB Ltd will monitor and contractor shall implement

l. . EMU-EGCB including owner’s engineer will monitor and concern Officer of EPC contractor according to EMAP

Operation phase Impact on environment/biodiversity and social life:

a. During 450 MW CCPP operation phase, heat, flue gas and other gases will be released

a.-Impact on the air quality and increase of various gases in the air

a.- The proposed power plant would be of latest design with an optimum efficiency of combined cycle. Hence there will be less CO2 emission per unit of energy (kWh) generated. NOx will be mostly inhibited by appropriate measure in the system design and its emission will be within the GOB limit. - The natural gas of Bangladesh has contain less impurities and more likely will not have SO2 emission. -Generated heat will be dispersed through chimney of at least 50 meters/ reasonable height as per design so that the emission will not have any adverse impact in the surrounding atmosphere.

a..- Contractor will be responsible during contract period and EGCB Ltd. will take necessary measures after ends of contract period

a. Contractor will be responsible during contract period and Instrument section of EGCB Ltd, including owner’s engineers will fix any problem after contract period. EMU-EGCB will monitor.


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b. Generation of noise from power plant operation, human activities and vehicle movement

b.-Sound pollution-nuisance to human, wild life, livestock

b.- The noise level at the power plant will be reduced by putting baffle type silencers in both inlet duct and exhaust duct to arrest noise due to flow of air and exhaust gases respectively. The noise due to running of the machine will be arrested by acoustic enclosures. -Noise reduction is to be integrated in the plant building design to meet the regulatory standards during operation. -All vehicles will be maintained properly and scheduled during day activities. -Provision of silencers for generators -Routine maintenance of plant -Regular noise monitoring, especially at the school and residential quarters located close by -The workers of the Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP will use safety device for protection of their ears (ear-muffs and ear-plugs etc.) following DoE and International guidelines.

-Plant foundation shall be designed to minimize vibration effect.

-Planting of indigenous trees and shrubs around the project sties and in addition there will be concrete wall around the campus of Siddhirganj

b.-EGCB Ltd will ensure that EPC contractor takes measures for protection of noise pollution during contract period and after contract period EMU of EGCB Ltd. will take necessary measures against noise pollution

b. Contractor will be responsible during contract period and Instrument section of EGCB Ltd, including owner’s engineers will fix any problem after contract period. EMU-EGCB will monitor.


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power complex and therefore, there will be no chance of any noise pollution to the school and residents in and out side campus.

c.- water consumption for the process of Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP - Quality of drinking water supply for staff/workers

c. Impact on the flow of surface water and its quality -Depletion of ground water -impact on human health due to lack of good quality of drinking water

c. –About 14 m3/sec of water from Sitalakhya river will be consumed for plant operation which is about 11.02 % of the total flow (approx. 127 m3/sec) in lean period and sufficient water will be left for river eco-system. -Necessary treatment & filtration of water will be done to ensure good quality of drinking water for plant personnel.

c. -EGCB Ltd., ensures that EPC contractor, conduct recent water modeling study for understanding of current and future availability of water for proper operation of proposed power plant and also maintains operation properly during their tenure and after contract period the concern engineering group including EMU of EGCB Ltd., will be responsible for monitoring and taking appropriate mitigation measures

c. Contractor will be responsible during contract period and HRSG section of EGCB Ltd., including owner’s engineer will fix and EMU of EGCB Ltd., will monitor.

d.-Thermal load discharge in the river water/surface water

d.- Impact on the river ecology and aquatic life

d.- The environment friendly high tech-machine will be used in the proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP which will release used water with low temperature level and will be within the limit of GOB standards and cooling tower will be in place.

d. EGCB Ltd. ensures that EPC contractor discharges thermal load within GOB/WB standards during their tenure and after contract period EGCB will take necessary measures to keep thermal load within GOB/WB standards

d. Concern unit of EPC contractor will be responsible during construction period and after commercial hand over HRSG or boiler section of EGCB Ltd., will fix and EMU unit of EGCB will monitor.

e. Discharge of improper treated effluent from ETP of power plant

f.-Improper treatment of effluent (Possible discharge of higher level of some or all parameters above GOB and international acceptable standards)

f.-Regular routine monitoring of treated discharged effluent of the ETP of Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP - Any deviation from the acceptable limit of any parameter of discharged effluent from Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP shall be addressed immediately -Part of the withdrawn water will undergo chemical treatment to provide boiler make-up

e. EGCB Ltd. will monitor that EPC contractor complies ETP discharge limit of WB and GOB and after contract period EGCB ltd. will take similar measures for compliance of ETP discharges limit of WB and GOB

e. Contractor will be responsible during contract period and after contract period Civil engineering unit of EGCB Ltd. will fix and EMU of EGCB Ltd., will monitor


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and other close cycle cooling in ancillary equipment. The wastewater will be treated to meet GOB/WB guidelines prior to discharge to the river

f.- Discharge of used engine oil and other waste from boiler drawdown

f.- Impact on water and soil ecology

f.- The dirty oil from the engine will be collected in drums and proposed to be supplied to the prospective re-users in an environmental friendly manner.

f.-EPC contractor will comply discharge limit of GOB and WB during their contract period and after contract period Environmental unit of EGCB Ltd., will regularly monitor and report to the higher authority to take proper mitigation measures

f. Contractor will be responsible during contract period and after contract period Civil engineering unit of EGCB Ltd. will fix and EMU of EGCB Ltd., will monitor

g. Waste generation (sewage and domestic waste)

g. -Inappropriate disposal of sewage causing environmental pollution -Generation of solid and liquid waste including sludge from 450 MW CCPP operations

g. -The sewage will be kept in septic tank and soak pit system before being introduced in to 450 MW CCPP ASP. -Solid waste will be segregated according to the category and will be sent to the designated land fill and/or recycling.

g.- EPC contractor will comply sewage and other waste discharge limit of GOB and WB during their contract period and after contract period Environmental unit of EGCB Ltd., will regularly monitor and report to the higher authority to take proper mitigation measures

g. Contractor will be responsible during contract period and after contract period Civil engineering unit of EGCB Ltd. will fix and EMU of EGCB Ltd., will monitor

h. Socio-economic improvement during 450 MW CCPP operation

h. Opportunity of local employment

h. -EGCB Ltd., will ensure that the EPC contractor takes step to employ local people during 450 MW CCPP operation

h. –EGCB Ltd ensures that EPC contractor appoint local people during their tenure and after contract period EGCB Ltd. will employ local appoint local employees.

h. Contractor during contract period and after contract period Managing Director EGCB Ltd. will supervise


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8.3 Institutional arrangement and environmental monitoring plan 8.3.1. Institutional framework

1. Executing Agency: The EGCB Ltd. under the MPEMR will be the executing agency (EA) responsible for the over all technical supervision and execution of the proposed project. The managing director (MD) of EGCB Ltd., is the over all supervisor of the project and there will be a dedicated project director (PD) and necessary staff having expertise for development of the proposed project.

2. The EGCB ltd., will also incorporate all consulting services under the project and

will oversee the conduct of feasibility studies, EIA studies by project consultants.

3. Thus the responsibility of fulfilling environmental requirements of GOB for the proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP and conducting required level of environmental assessment consistent with WB guidelines lie with the EGCB ltd. The project consultants will assist EMU of EGCB Ltd., in this regard.

4. The mitigation measures that are incorporated into the design will be verified by the

EGCB ltd., before providing technical approvals. The mitigation measures that form part of the contract document will also be verified by EGCB Ltd.

5. The mitigation measures identified in the EIA will be incorporated into the project

cycle. Environmental controls pertaining to design and location will be incorporated into the detailed design by the project consultant. Mitigation measures during construction stage shall form pat of the contract documents and will be implemented by the EPC contractor during contract period.

6. The EPC contractor will conduct all necessary environmental monitoring and

environmental management activities in all phases of the project during contract period. The EPC contractor will be ISO 14001-2004 Certified and OHSAS 18001:1999 certified. The contractor must prepare mathematical or physical air quality dispersion modelling.

7. Environmental, Health and Safety Action Plan: The EPC contractor shall prepare

and submit an environmental health safety action plan (EHSAP) to EGCB Ltd., prior to the implementation of the project. The EHSAP shall adhere to the environmental management plan (EMP) as suggested in this EIA. The EMAP comply GOB and WB requirements in all aspects of the project implementation. The EHSAP shall focus project mitigation, management, monitoring and ongoing consultation activities for the project. The EPC contractor shall implement and employ personnel, to ensure compliance during contract period and shall comply environmental, social, health and safety standards following GOB, WB and International (where necessary) guidelines.


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8. The EPC contractor will provide the EGCB Ltd., (through EMU of EGCB ltd.) with monthly reports on the implementation of mitigation measures. The reports prepared by the EPC contractor (both monthly and quarterly) will be consolidated and submitted to EGCB Ltd., for review.

9. The Project Director (PD) and Environment Manager (Environment Management

Specialist) EGCB Ltd., for this specific project will supervise the implementation of the specified environmental monitoring parameters through EGCB's owner's engineers. The Manager Environment of the EGCB corporate office with required man power, expertise and fund will ensure proper environmental monitoring and also occupation health and safety of all workers and staff of the project.

. 10. Manager environment and PD will report to Director (Technical) and they will

examine the contractual obligation and other national and international regulations (where applicable) regarding the environmental issues need to be fulfilled by the EPC contractor.

11. The EPC contractor will follow GOB, WB guidelines and also their corporate

Health Safety and Environment (HSE) policies, in case of any non-addressed issues in their HSE policy, only in that case the state of art technology in line with WB, DoE and European standard including international agencies prescribed standard (where applicable) will be followed due diligently in consultation with owners engineer and manager environment of EGCB corporate office.

12. Consistent with their mandate, the DOE will undertake routine and random

monitoring of specific environmental plans addressed in this EIA.

13. There shall be a complain redresser committee to address any kind of environmental and social complain arising from the residents within and out side the Siddhirganj power plant complex including workers during construction and operation phases of the proposed 450 MW CCPP. The committee will include members from EGCB, owner's engineers and also EPC contractor. The members from EGCB will include: Managing Director, Director Technical, Director Finance, Project Director, Manager (Environment, Health and Safety), construction manager including owners engineers whereas member from EPC contractor side will include Project Manager. In this regard a complain lodging box will be kept at the PD’s site office.

14. Should there be any complaints arising from the construction and operation of the

proposed power plant and associated facilities as well as the sanitation facilities, the EGCB Ltd. will conduct site inspections and appropriate sampling to validate claims. Based on the findings, mitigation measures will be implemented by the EPC contractor during contract period and after contract period EGCB Ltd. will take responsibilities.


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15. The following Table-8.2 summarises the role and responsibilities of the institution in conducting environmental assessment and implementing the environmental management plan of the proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP.

Table-8.2. Institutional roles and responsibilities

Project stage Responsible organization Responsibilities Pre-construction EGCB Ltd. (with the

assistance from project consultant)

i. Prepare EIA consistent with GOB and WB requirements ii. Conduct public consultation during EIA iii. Fulfill GOB requirements iv. Make EIA reports available to the web site v. Incorporate mitigation measures into engineering design and technical specification vi. Incorporate environmental mitigation and monitoring measures into contract document vii. Update the EMP (mitigation measures, monitoring program, institutional responsibilities, costs, etc.) during the detailed design stage.

Construction EGCB Ltd., i. With the assistance of project consultants, ensure implementation of environmental management measures at each stage of the construction and update the EMP as necessary. ii. Complain Redresser Committee will attend any kind of environmental and social complain arising from the residents and workers during construction and operation phases of the proposed project.

Project consultant i. Review the construction site management plan to be prepared by the contractor. ii. Provide support to EGCB in conducting routine monitoring of implementation of mitigation


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measures by contractor Contractor i. Employ an EHS officer who will

ensure implementation of environmental measures during the construction stage. ii. Prepare EHSAP and submit to EGCB for review iii. Prepare a construction site management plan prior to any site works and submit to EGCB for review. iv. Prepare emergency response plan and submit to EGCB prior to construction phase for review. v. Implement mitigation measures and submit monthly reports to EGCB Ltd.

EGCB Ltd., i. Review and consolidate quarterly reports and submit to WB

DOE i. Review monitoring reports and conduct periodic monitoring

8.3.2. Environmental monitoring plan

The turnkey contractor will prepare a details environmental monitoring plan and submit to EGCB Ltd. before starting of construction phase for review. An environmental monitoring program for the construction and operation stage of the Project will be undertaken to monitor environmental impacts of the Project, to determine conditions requiring remedial measures and to assess compliance with national and WB environmental safeguard policies. The EPC contractor will be responsible in implementing the monitoring program and preparation of monthly progress reports regarding implementation of the program during contract period. The EMU of EGCB Ltd., including owner's engineer will oversee the environmental monitoring program during the construction and operation stages and will also monitor compliance of the EPC contractor (during contract period) with the implementation of required mitigation measures (Table-7.1 and Table-8.1), EIA and contract provisions pertaining to environmental aspects. Compliance of EPC contractor to protocols specified in the GOB, WB Environmental, Health and Safety guidelines for Thermal power plant (2008) and EIA will also be closely monitored by the EMU and owner's engineer. After contract period, EGCB Ltd., will implement the monitoring plan. The EMU of EGCB Ltd. in cooperation with owner's engineer, during project implementation will be required to:


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(i) develop an environmental auditing protocol/checklist for the construction and operation period; and (ii) monitor the EPC contractor’s performance regarding implementation of mitigation measures and submit quarterly reports based on the monitoring data/findings. The EPC contractor will undertake monitoring of various parameters consistent with the schedule indicated in Table-8.3 and will prepare monthly and quarterly reports as required. Should there be any complaints arising from the operation of the proposed power plant and associated facilities as well as the sanitation facilities, the EGCB Ltd. will conduct site inspections and appropriate sampling to validate claims. Based on the findings, mitigation measures will be implemented by the EPC contractor during contract period and after contract period, EGCB Ltd. will take responsibilities. The details of environmental monitoring parameters for construction and operation phases are as follows:

8.3.2.1 Monitoring Parameters The typical environmental monitoring parameters of power plant for construction and operation phases are briefly described in this section.

8.3.2.1.1. Construction Phase: Ambient air quality monitoring: Measurement of air quality parameters e.g., NOX, CO,

PM10, PM2.5 (if required) and temperature will be carried out during the construction

period in accordance with the monitoring plan presented in the table- 8.3. Measurement

will be carried out at locations which are sensitive with respect to air quality, near the

school and residence and other vulnerable locations. The number of locations for

monitoring shall be agreed by the EMS, EGCB Ltd.

One stationary monitoring station will be installed at a strategically viable location within

the Siddhirganj premises where the greatest impact of the power plants can be expected.

Emission: In general at least two diesel cranes, two diesel generators, one forklift, four

general transport and miscellaneous tractor-trailers will be used on site (more specified

number will be provided during preparation of contract documents of EPC contractor).

The emission from these vehicles and equipments to atmosphere would be negligible.


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Drinking water quality monitoring: Drinking water quality will be monitored during

the construction phase if necessary. During construction phase excess water will not be

produced, and waste water will not be drained in to the natural stream for this particular

project.

Soil quality monitoring: Representative type of agricultural sample will be monitored

seasonally around the impact zone; this soil sample will be collected and sent to Soil

Resources Development Institute (SRDI), Dhaka. The parameters of analyzed according

to their set guidelines. Since this power plant will not produce any heavy metal, Volatile

Organic Compounds (VOC), Oil and Grease so there will be no such monitoring program

of those elements and compounds.

Noise level monitoring:

During construction, diesel generators, heavy construction equipments and vehicles will

create higher noise level affecting human health and the wildlife within the close vicinity

of the project area. The noise level drops along the distance, and barriers so the tin fence

and indigenous tree plantation will be considering the availability of the plantation area to

protect the school children from the noise. The number of locations for monitoring of

noise level shall be agreed by the EMS, EGCB Ltd.

Therefore, comprehensive noise monitoring during different stages of construction will

be accomplished regularly and the mitigation measures will be taken. The noise level at

the construction site would be kept within WB/DoE's permissible limit. The cost of these

barriers will be estimated during EPC contract. The cost of this mitigation of noise will

be borne by the EPC contractor.

8.3.2.1.2. Operational Phase:

Meteorological measurements: Seasonal meteorological monitoring data will be

collected from the Meteorological office of Agargaon, Dhaka to monitor the wind

direction and speed, temperature, humidity and precipitation as and when is required.


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Atmospheric emissions monitoring: One diesel crane, one fork lift, several transport

and miscellaneous equipments will be used on site. The emission from these vehicles to

atmosphere would be negligible. The continuous emission of Stack, CO, SO2, NOx

oxygen content and temperature of flue gases will be carried out by the on line system.

The DoE may be requested to monitor the illegal emission of gases and dust from the

surrounding areas of the proposed power plant which will facilitate to operate this plant

smoothly.

Ambient air quality monitoring: Monthly monitoring of the following air quality

indicators e.g., NOX, SO2, PM10, PM2.5 (if required) and temperature will be monitored.

One monitoring station will be installed at a strategically viable location within the

Siddhirganj Power Plant premises.

Drinking water quality monitoring: Drinking water quality will be monitored during

the operation phase. During operation phase excess water will not be produced, and waste

water will not be drained in to the natural stream for this particular project.

River water monitoring: Although the proposed plant is not expected to be a contributor

to the deterioration of water quality of the Sitalakhya River, a water quality monitoring

program during the dry periods may be conducted. Water temperature and dissolved

oxygen along with BOD5, COD, Oil, Grease and heavy metals during March – May and

October – December may be tested as and when is required.

Noise level monitoring: Indoor noise levels in the generator and turbine facilities along with the outdoor noise at the school premises and near the air condenser system will be monitored regularly. The noise level drops along the distance, and barriers therefore the convenient fence and indigenous tree plantation will be taken place to protect the school children from the noise. The previously built barrier during construction will be maintained by the O&M contractors and EGCB Ltd., respectively. Noise pollution control will be integrated in the plant building design to meet the GOB and WB regulatory standards during operation. Data should correspond to the international norm for averaging (i.e., time weighted averaging for 8 hours). On top of the regular monitoring, the comprehensive noise monitoring during operation

will be accomplished regularly and the mitigation measures will be taken. The noise level

during operation on site would be kept within WB/DoE's permissible limit. The cost of


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these barriers will be estimated during EPC contract. The cost of this mitigation of noise

will be borne by the EPC contractor.

8.3.2.2. Monitoring Schedule

The following table provide a summary of the monitoring schedule for the construction

and operational phases of the proposed power plant (Table 8.3). Monitoring should start

one year in advance of construction to characterize the resources potentially affected

significantly by the project.

Table 8.3. Monitoring activities during construction and operation phase of the project.

Issue Parameters Monitoring Frequency

Resource Required and Responsibility

Construction Phase

Ambient air quality NOX, CO, Temperature, PM10 and PM2.5 (if required)

Once in every month (or as per DoE's reporting obligation)

This monitoring activities will be done by the EPC contractor during contract period when EMU in EGCB will supervise.

River water Water temp., DO, BOD5, COD, Oil and Grease and heavy metals

Once in every month if required (It is not the part of regular environmental monitoring)

Monitoring at this stage is the obligation of the EPC contractor and EMU in EGCB will supervise.

Drinking water Physical parameter: - color, turbidity, Chemical parameters: - pH, nitrate, alkalinity, total hardness, calcium hardness, arsenic, Iron (Fe), Cl, Mn, Al, arsenic, Biological parameters: - total coliform, faecal coliform,

Once in every month (If the workers use drinking water from the contractors supply source)

The EPC contractor will monitor the drinking water parameter

Soil quality Soil will be monitored. Agricultural soil may be tested by the SRDI.

As and when is required. If any adverse report/information is found

The EPC contractor will responsible for cleaning in case of accidental spillage and during this period EMU in EGCB will supervise.


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Noise level Noise at different locations

Once in every monthly, as and when is required.

The contractor will be responsible for the monitoring activities and EMU in EGCB will supervise.

Process waste Solid / liquid wastes Wastes will be collected and disposed on daily basis, as and when is required.

The contractor will be responsible for waste management. EGCB will supervise and advise as and when is required

Operation Phase

Meteorological measurements

Wind direction and speed, temperature, humidity and precipitation.

Monitoring data can be taken from the Meteorological Department of Dhaka office

EPC contractor will collect information during contract period and after the ends of contract period, the EGCB Environmental unit will collect and record this information

Atmospheric emissions

Stack emission (CO, SO2, NOx, PM10, oxygen content and temperature)

Once a month EPC contractor shall install continuous stack emission monitoring devices to monitor and take mitigation measures to comply DOE regulations including WB guidelines (EHS guidelines for Thermal power plant-2008) and EMU in EGCB will supervise during that period After ends of contract period, EMU in EGCB will take over the monitoring activities.

Ambient air quality NOX, SO2, PM10, PM2.5 (if required) and temperature

Once a month EPC contractor will carry out monitoring activities up to cotract period and comply DOE regulations including WB EHS guidelines for Thermal power plant (2008) during that period EMU in EGCB will supervise but afterwards EMU in EGCB will conduct monitoring of those parameters

River water Water temp., DO, BOD5, COD, Oil and Grease and heavy metals

Occasionally as and when is required (It is not the part of regular environmental monitoring)

EPC contractor will continue monitoring up to contract period during that period EMU in EGCB will supervise but after ends of contract, EMU in EGCB will take monitoring responsibilities.


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Drinking water Physical parameter: - color, turbidity, Chemical parameters: - pH, nitrate, alkalinity, total hardness, calcium hardness, arsenic, Iron (Fe), Cl, Mn, Al, arsenic, Biological parameters: - total coliform, faecal coliform,

Once in every month (If the workers use drinking water from the contractors supply source)

EPC contractor will ensure supply of good quality of water to workers and conduct monitoring of water quality up to contract period during that period EMU in EGCB will supervise but after contract period EMU in EGCB will monitor the drinking water parameter

Soil quality Soil will be monitored. Agricultural soil may be tested by the SRDI.

As and when is required. If any adverse report/information is found

EPC contractor will be responsible for cleaning of oil spillage during contract period.

Noise level Noise at different locations Once in every monthly, as and when is required.

EPC contractor will carry out noise level monitoring and comply DOE regulations including WB EHS guidelines for Thermal Power Plant (2008) during that period EMU in EGCB will supervise but after contract periods, EMU in EGCB will be responsible for the monitoring activities

Process waste Solid / liquid wastes Wastes will be collected and disposed on daily basis, as and when is required.

EPC contractor will be responsible for waste management during their tenure, maintain chain of custody and to comply DOE regulations including WB EHS guidelines for Thermal power plant (2008). During this period EMU in EGCB will supervise but after ends of contract period EGCB will take the responsibilities of waste management.

Note: Actual monitoring time and location will be decided by the proposed Environmental Management Unit during the construction and operation phase.


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8.3.2.3.. Report Implementation Schedule

In accordance to the provision of the institutional framework, monitoring plan, EIA, DOE

compliance regulations and also Contract document, the Contractor shall prepare an

“Implementation Schedule” for the measures to be carried out as part of the

environmental management and monitoring programme. Table 8.4 shows a tentative plan

for environmental reporting.

Table 8.4: The schedules of environmental monitoring reports

Particulars

Frequency/ Stage Responsible Agency

Construction Phase

Initial review Before start of work Contractors and owners engineer will

prepare, EGCB will review the report

Environmental Monitoring

Report

Monthly Contractor will produce and will forward to

the PD/Manager Environment (EMS). This

report will be forwarded to the DoE, WB and

concern Ministries.

Specific Problems and

Solutions

As and when required Project Director/ Project Manager/ Manager

environment may raise, that need to be

resolved by the contractor

Mid-term Review:

review of activities

possible modification

to procedure and/or

overall plan

- Approximate mid-

way of the project

Owners engineer will review and prepare a

report, which will be reviewed by EGCB

Final Review :

review of program

recommendation for

similar future program

Completion Report:

- Towards the end of

the project

- At the time of

commission

-Owners engineer will review and prepare a

report, which will be reviewed by EGCB

-The turnkey contractor will prepare monthly

environmental monitoring report and will

forwarded to EMS, EGCB, which will also

be forwarded to the DoE, WB and concern

Ministries.

Operation Phase

Environmental Monitoring Monthly Owner's Engineer with the help of other


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Report chemists working at the Siddhirganj Power

Station will prepare monthly monitoring

report which will be forwarded to the DoE,

WB and concern Ministries. The EMS,

EGCB will overall supervise and help to

implement their reporting obligation.

8.3.2.4. Estimated environmental monitoring cost

The analytical work for environmental monitoring will be carried out in the in-house laboratory by EGCB during operation and maintenance period after the end of the contract period of EPC contractor. Therefore, initial investment will be required for procurement of laboratory equipments which will be obtained from a separate allocated fund of the proposed project. But it may be noted that during contract period EPC contractor will carry out all monitoring program by their own cost.

The cost of Environmental monitoring equipment:

The following is the indicative cost for procurement of environmental monitoring

equipment and chemicals for a period of ten years time which will be used by EGCB

after commercial hand over of the proposed power plant from EPC contractor. This may

be noted that the laboratory equipment will be procured on the basis of need assessment

by a laboratory expert under the management of EGCB concern unit. The indicative cost

provided in the Table-8.5 is obtained from quotation received from the local suppliers.

Table-8.5: The price of different environmental monitoring equipments (for ten years time).

Sl. No. Description Qty Unit Price TK Total Price TK

01 Fine Particulate Sampler ( required during construction phase only)

Envirotech, India, APM 550.

01 4,75,000.00 4,75,000.00

02 Extra spares & consumables (Optional) GF/A Filter paper, (100 discs).

01 7,800.00 7,800.00

03 BOD Incubator

01 3,30,000.00 3,30,000.00

04 Multi parameter meter

01 2,50,000.00 2,50,000.00

05 SOx NOx, CO, etc. Analyzer.

01 5,50,000.00 5,50,000.00


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06 Chemical Lab equipment and chemicals (According to the need basis) the lump sum price

50,00,000.00 50,00,000.00

Sub Total (C) =66,12,800.00

N.B. The above noted equipment shown in this table has not been included in the bid documents

The monthly cost for in-house laboratory will be about BD TK=55,106.65 per month. 8.3.3. Environmental Management Training EGCB Ltd. will implement the environmental measures recommended in this EIA. Hence, training on environmental management is an integral part of the environmental management plan, EGCB Ltd., ensures that the environmental manager and safety manager of EMU under EGCB Ltd., will have better perception and understanding of environmental issues related to construction and operation of the power plant and will be capable of implementing mitigation measures and subsequent monitoring. It is also important environmental manager and safety manager of this agency who will be involved in the proposed project have a good understanding of relevant WB environmental assessment procedures and requirements. Environmental training will be divided in to two types such as local and overseas. Overseas short training will be provided to 1 person i.e., one Environmental manager/Senior Environmental manager with relevant degrees in the subject and experience in this area will be sent to overseas for short training for 2 months. Local training on Environmental, Health and safety will be provided to 4 personnel which include 1 person from EGCB corporate Office, 3 personnel i.e. one Environment Manager, One occupational Health and safety Officer and one Junior Chemist who will be recruited under the WB financed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP. The training objectives are (a) to help build the capacity and procedures of the EGCB and to undertake analyses of environmental impacts of power plants projects of different types and to prepare corporate environmental policies, environmental management plans in accordance with Government regulations and donor guidelines, and (b) to provide training on environmental management of power plant projects. The primary focus of training is to enable the officials to carry out environmental monitoring, implement the environmental management plans and conduct impact assessments. After participating in such training the participants will be able to make brief environmental assessments, conduct environmental monitoring, implement EMPs and incorporate environmental features into future power plant designs, specifications and tender/contract documents.


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The proposed environmental overseas training will be held in the England or European country where the course is offered. The cost of the training will be borne under WB financed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP and is shown in Table-8.6. The local training will be conducted by a local Environmental Training Specialist who will be recruited under the proposed 450 MW CCPP for total 3 months. The EGCB will prepare the TOR for Local Environmental Training Specialist who will be employed by EGCB under the proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP. The Local Environmental Training Specialist will prepare training manual as per need of the project and submit to EGCB for review. Table 8.6. Total cost estimate for training (indicative price)

Items Number of person

Overseas training country

Man-month

Per Unit Cost (Taka) Total Cost (Tk.)

Overseas training: Training for one Environmental manager/senior environmental manager on "Environmental Management System" and Modeling on air emission: a. Course fee b. Accommodation c. Training allowance d. Food e. Over seas travel cost (once)

01 Training in Europe/England where appropriate training is offered

02 a. =400000 b. =@ 250000/month c. =Training allowance =@200000 /month d. =@ 200000/month e.=150000

1850000/-

Local Environmental Training Specialist: a. Remuneration

01 03 a. =@ 150000

450000/-

Total cost in BD Taka 2300000/- N.B. The environmental training cost has not been included in the bid documents

8.3.4. Strengthening of EMU for implementation of EMP

At present the EGGB has one Manager Environment (Environment Management Specialist) at the corporate office to look after environmental, occupational health and safety issues of the corporate office. In addition to the activities of corporate Office, the Manager Environment is supervising the environmental monitoring and management activities of three other power plants which include 2x 120 MW PPP (financed by ADB), new Horipur 360 MW CCPP (funded by JICA) and also proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP under financial assistance of WB. The above noted volume of work is an excessive work load for one Environment Manager heading EMU in EGCB. Therefore, it is


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necessary to increase number of personnel and restructure manpower of EMU in the EGCB organogram. Regarding manpower requirements, it is suggested that each power plant shall have separate set up under EMU of corporate Office. The EMU of corporate Office shall be headed by at least one Senior Environment Management Specialist (DGM-equivalent) for overall supervision of environmental, occupational health and safety issues of corporate office, and of all power plants located at Horipur and Siddhirganj power plant complexes. Therefore, the current post of Environment Manager in EMU of EGCB can be upgraded to Senior Environmental manager (DGM-equivalent) from EGCB fund. This is also suggested that one Environmental Manager, one Occupational health and safety Officer and one Junior Chemist may be recruited from the fund of proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP who will work dedicatedly for proposed project for appropriate environmental, health and safety management which is required to meet both GOB and WB guidelines. In addition to that, a local laboratory expert will be recruited for a period of 1.5 months under the project who will carry out need assessment, prepare design and assist EGCB for procurement of necessary laboratory equipment.

The EGCB will prepare the TOR for Environmental Manager, Occupational health and safety Officer and Junior Chemist and laboratory expert who will be employed by EGCB under the proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP.

Considering the future 5-year plan of EGCB it is expected that the company will be expanded having some more power plants within it's management and therefore, there should have future restructuring of the EMU along with other engineering section of EGCB for sustainable management of the company. A suggestion for future restructuring of EMU in the EGCB is shown in Annex-XIV for review.

8.3.5. The environmental monitoring and mitigation cost

The summary of environmental monitoring and mitigation cost for the proposed

Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP is summarized in Table-8.7.

Table-8.7. Environmental monitoring and mitigation cost per month Item Unit cost (BD-Tk) Total cost (BD-TK)

Monitoring cost during construction phase and part of operation phase is included in the

EPC contractor's package during contract period.

A. Environmental monitoring:

i. in-house laboratory equipment procurement initial cost (one time)

i. =55106.65 per month

i. 55106.65/-

B. Manpower arrangements for EMU in EGCB:

i. Senior Environmental Manager (DGM-equivalent)-current Environmental Manager Posit

ion of EGCB will be upgraded and fund will be obtained from EGCB

ii. Environmental specialist- (1 person)-remuneration (from project)

i. N/A

ii. 60000/-per month

i. No cost from the

project

ii.=60,000/-


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iii. Occupational Health and Safety Officer-(1- person)-Remuneration-from project

iv. Junior Chemist- (1-person) –remuneration from project

v. EPC contractor shall appoint an Environment, Health and safety Officer (included in the

EPC contractor's package)

vi. Local laboratory expert- (1-person for 1.5 months)-remuneration from the project

iii.30000/- per month

iv. 25000/- per month

v. N/A

vi. 220000/-per month

iii.=30,000/-

iv.=25,000/-

v. N/A

C. Training cost

i. Overseas Training (one time cost-from project)

ii. Local Environmental Training Specialist- (1 person for 3 months)-remuneration from

project

i.= 18,50000/- (once)

ii.130000/- per month

Total cost (Cost for over seas training, local env. training specialist and laboratory expert is

not included)

=170106.65/-

8.4. Waste management Records of generated process wastes if any will be recycled and will be kept separately according to the WB and DoE's guideline. Chain of custody for hazardous waste and for process non-hazardous waste will be maintained. The schematic flow chart (Fig-8.1) is shown below. This flow chart will also be used during the operation phase with few changes when ever necessary. The present project activities will involve establishment of camps, transport, site development and construction and operation of power plant. For each activity, various types and quantity of wastes will be generated. The Engineering Procurement and Construction (EPC) contractor and owners engineer will prepare a comprehensive list of waste types, sources and plans to manage all of these wastes in an environmentally friendly manner. The major sources are identified as:

o Camp waste o Construction & operation waste, and o Emission

The EPC contractors will implement wastes segregation strategy as a first step of their waste management program where the hazardous and non-hazardous materials will be separated out following the waste management flow diagram as shown in Figure 8.1. The non-hazardous materials will then be further sorted out into bio-degradable and non-biodegradable groups. Among the bio-degradable materials, EPC contractor and EGCB Ltd., will recycle the recyclable materials and rest will send to designated municipal waste dumping site. Camp Waste Management The EPC contractor will prepare a list of all identified source and type of wastes that would be generated in their campsite (Table 8.8) and is committed to minimize waste


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generation as much as possible. Siddhiganj is well communicated area where municipal waste disposal facilities is available therefore, the EPC contractor will facilitate the corporation authority to collect, manage, treat and dispose off the wastes on its own initiative.

Fig-8.1. Waste Management flow diagram for the EPC contractor

Wastes

Hazardous Non- hazardous

Used Chemicals

Oil Filters

Chemical Drum

Bio-degradable and oxide base

Non Bio-degradable

Papers, Cans. Glass, Bottle

etc.

Safe Disposal

Assigned Recovery

Assigned Incinerator

and safe Disposal

RecycleWood & Paper & oxides Residues

Meat, Fish, Fish

scales

Vegetable, Food,

Recycling

Bio-fertilizer (On-site)

Construction Debris to the assigned landfill

Decompo-sition

Decompo-sition

Bulking & hardness

enhancement for brick production


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The EPC contractor will setup selective waste collection facilities at the site. Special areas for short-term waste storage will be designated to facilitate the program. The EPC is committed to comply with the applicable environmental and sanitary norms and have been equipped in due manner at the proposed facilities, including arrangement for disposal of hazardous wastes (if any) and the environmental impact of waste generated at the Company’s facilities will be minimized. The EPC contractor will follow regulations and guidelines for camp wastewater discharges into surrounding waterways. Liquid wastes including sewage that could damage the environment will never be released or allowed to drain directly into a watercourse. The campsite is provided with septic tank with closed sewage systems. Table- 8.8. Types and sources of domestic wastes Type of wastes

Main components Potential constituents of the released wastes

Drainage Bathing water, Rainwater Trace amount of oil and grease, soap

Emission Construction equipments, vehicles, cranes etc.

Emission of smokes, CO, CO2 etc.

Domestic sewage Biodegradable organic matter Semi-solids, used detergent, coliform bacteria

Domestic refuse

Garbage, packing materials, paper, batteries, paper bags, cartoon, plastic, plastic bottles, cans, wrappers, organic waste, waste, glass bottles etc.

Plastic, organic waste, batteries, glasses

Kitchen waste

Waste vegetable, wastes during processing of vegetables, waste food, soap and detergent, fishes scales, meat's scales and wastes etc produced in kitchen

Protein, bio-degradable organic matters

Washroom Bathing and water Soap, detergent, trace amount of oil and grease

Construction and operation Waste Management During operation there my have chance of releasing of continuous emission of CO, SO2, NOx, PM10, oxygen content and temperature of flue gases and also less treated wastes containing chemicals, oil substance, plant washing water from ETP, sewage and thermal load in the water ways etc. In addition to that other wastes arising from construction and operation are some solid and liquid wastes, filter cartridges, various discarded chemical products, empty drums, pipe dope buckets, household types trash, discarded chemicals, wood pallets, lime, cement and mud sacks etc. A list of typical wastes during construction and operation of the proposed project is shown in Table-8.9. The EPC contractor will establish continuous on line monitoring system to monitor emission level and use state of art technology to minimize all kinds of gaseous emission and temperature within GOB/WB and international standards.


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The proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP will take approximately 14 m3/sec of water from adjacent Sitalakhya river (details are described in section 3.7.3) and a portion of the withdrawn water will undergo chemical treatment to provide boiler make-up water and rest of water will be used in close circuit cooling system for ancillary equipment and condenser. During over hauling of cooling tower and boiler blow down, the waste water will be treated in the ETP of the power plant and discharge in to the river through discharge channel complying industrial (power plant) waste water discharge guidelines of GOB and WB. It may be suggested that Electric contaminant removal (ECR) technology may be used instead of chemical treatment technology in the WTP and ETP of proposed power plant after consultation with EGCB Ltd., as ECR technology is cost effective and produce low sludge compared to chemical treatment technology. EGCB Ltd. will ensure that EPC contractor follows International maintenance and product vendor recommended practices and EGCB Ltd. corporate operations and maintenance guidelines (if any) including GOB and WB guidelines to minimize waste discharges within GOB/WB limits and protect surrounding environment and ground water. Table 8.9. Wastes from construction and operation of power plants

Type of waste

Main component Potential constituents of the released wastes

Drainage Rainwater Hydrocarbons, chemicals, mud particulates Gases from construction SOx, NOx, CO, CO2 PM10, Oxides of nitrogen, sulphur, carbon

Gases during operation Flue gases, NOx, CO, CO2 and temperature

Oxides of nitrogen, Carbon and temperature

Sewage Biodegradable organic matter Semi-solids, detergent, fecal coliform and total coliform bacteria

Canteen Negligible Plastic, organic waste, cans, glasses

Spent bulk chemicals Cement, bentonite, hydrocarbons, thinners

Hydrocarbons, organics, solids, alkalis

Industrial waste Batteries Acid, heavy metals

Chemicals Indiscriminating dumping by factories in to collective stream

Toxic chemicals, acid

Chemical drums (empty) Toxic chemicals, acid

Waste lubricants Lube oil, grease Metals, organic compounds

Cement slurries Cement mix water

Weighting materials, salts, thinners, viscomers

Heavy metals, high pH salts

The EPC contractor will reduce the quantity and toxicity during construction and operation of power plant in the first place thus the impact and cost of environmentally acceptable disposal will be reduced. The proposed approaches of EPC contractor during contract period and EGCB Ltd. afterwards are:


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o Use of best-available technologies to minimize environmental degradation; o Recycle of recyclable materials o Proper disposal of hazardous and non-hazardous solid and liquids; o Minimization of water use in kitchen and worker camp; o Monitoring and maintaining chain of custody for the disposal wastes and

construction debris; o Monthly environmental reporting to the concern authorities; o Involvement of DoE regarding any disposal of wastes, which are not specified in

the environmental guidelines (ECR 1997)

8.5. Occupational health and safety In work place good industrial practice will be maintained during construction and operation phases by the contractor and EMU, EGCB respectively. During construction phase, the contractor will follow their own corporate Occupation Health and Safety (OHS) procedures including specific GOB (Labor-Laws-2006) and WB guidelines. OHS committee will monitor and train the workers. Weekly/ fortnightly training will be conducted to aware the workers under the contractors obligation. The cost of training for workers which will be conducted under EPC contractor during contract period is the EPC contractor's package.

8.5.1. Health Hazards management

The construction phase includes site preparation, plant construction and access road construction etc. The health hazards associated with these activities are mainly due to dust and noise pollution. Excessive noise can cause loss of hearing and psychological changes. Dust pollution can cause eye and respiratory irritation and in some cases allergic reactions. The inhalation of exhaust gases from construction vehicles and machinery can also cause harmful effect to the health. Stress can also be caused by working in shifts, high work load, poor living condition of workers etc. A quantification of the measures of severity in health hazards is not well defined. They are slow acting and cumulative, their effects may not be visible for years. During plant installation and commissioning exposure to the chemicals (paints, solvents, thinners etc.), batteries, welding materials, lubricants etc., may cause hazardous effect to the workers, which ultimately could cause anaemia, liver and kidney damage, cardiovascular diseases and neurological disorder. To minimize the hazards arising from the activities at different phases of plant construction and operation, the following measures will be taken:

the employer (contractor during construction phase and in turnkey period)will inform his employees to submit full scale medical report (if possible) to the authority prior to join in to the company and medical board of the company will take decision on this report.


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works with volatile toxic chemicals will be undertaken in a well ventilated place and as per the corporate OHS guideline.

laborers handling, toxic chemicals will be provided with protective gear and will be relieved frequently from their posting.

workers exposed to an excessive noise should be provided with protective gear and be relieved frequently from their post

workers exposed to dust will be provided appropriate musk and other protective gear.

frequent spraying of water will be undertaken to minimize dust pollution and dispersion.

persons undertaking construction and installation works shall have access to amenities for their welfare and personal hygiene needs such as sanitary toilets, potable drinking water, washing facilities, shelter sheds etc.

proper disposal of waste and sewage will be in practice. health education and information on hygiene will be provided to the workers regular checks on drinking water quality (if the water supplied by the contractors/

company) will be ensured within work site. 8.5.2. Precaution during work in Confined Spaces In the operational phase, noise pollution may pose risk to health. Baseline study measured the noise level near the generators and turbines ranged from 90 dBA to 110 dBA, which may cause hearing impairment of the workers if exposed 2-4 hours/day. Supervisors, inspectors and related personnel who work in this area will be provided ear plugs or ear muffs. Areas where people may be exposed to excessive noise will be sign posted as “Hearing Protection Areas” and their boundaries will be defined with red line. No person will be allowed to enter this area unless wearing personal hearing protectors. The confined work spaces will be provided sufficient air to avoid any health risk. Adequate care will be taken to minimize stress and ergonomic design will be improved in course of time to minimize health hazards. First aid facilities will be kept in place and evacuation plans for emergency situations will be facilitated with adequate drills, instructions and signs. Adequate fire fighting arrangements will be installed and maintained in workable condition on a regular basis. In case of emergency, firefighters from district level will be called on. 8.5.3. Hazardous Material Handling and Storage During construction of the plant, commercially available chemicals (paints, thinners etc) will be used and stored in the construction area. Hence small amount of unused or spent chemicals (used paints, motor oils) will be generated. Hazardous wastes likely to be generated during routine project operations include oily water, spent catalyst, lubricants and cleaning solvents.


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Operation and maintenance of the plant also generates some hazardous wastes. These include waste oil, spent solvents, batteries, fluorescent light tubes, lubricating oils etc. The project will also involve the construction and operation of gas pipe line and handling of large amount of natural gas. Natural gas poses some risk of both fire and explosion. Used lead acid batteries contain lead, sulphuric acid and several kinds of plastics which are hazardous to human health. Therefore the ideal place to store used lead acid batteries is inside an acid resistant sealed container to minimize the risk of an accidental spillage. The following set of storage guidelines will be adopted:

the storage place will be protected from rain and storm water, this place will also be provided with a good shed.

the storage place will be protected from any sources of heat hazards the storage place will have a ground cover the storage place will have an exhaust ventilation system in order to avoid gas

accumulation the storage place will have a restricted access and be identified as a hazardous

material storing place any other lead materials which may eventually arise, such as plumbing, should be

conveniently packaged and stored in accordance with its characteristics The store premises will be provided with fire protection and fire fighting equipment. These equipments will be installed, tested and maintained in accordance with the manufacturer’s guidelines. The employer will ensure that a procedure for dealing with emergencies is in place, implemented, maintained and communicated to persons on the premises who may be affected by or respond to an emergency. Ignition sources in hazardous areas will not be allowed. The facility staff will be trained and equipped with personal protective gear such as rubber gloves, boots, hard hats, apron or splash suit and a face shield with safety glasses or goggles, as per corporate safety guidelines. Toxic chemicals will be handled by using protective gear. Volatile toxic chemicals will be handled in a well ventilated place. Sufficient and suitable lighting will be ensured. Safe access within and to and from the premises will be ensured. Unauthorized access and activity on the premises will be prevented. These measures will reduce the chances of accidents and facilities a safe environment for the workers, the staff and the plant. 8.5.4. OHS Record Keeping and Reporting There shall a record keeping system during construction and operation phases. The records shall include OHS training provided to the workers, health records of workers


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during operation phase including audiometric tests records of workers (as they may provide a useful reference for workers' compensation) and make those records available to any employee or relevant health and safety representative. Records related to hazardous materials used during construction and operation phases of the proposed will be maintained and shall be kept and maintained for at least 30 years because some health effects e.g. cancers many take a long period to become evident. Thus the information kept will be valuable in epidemiological studies and for developing effective control strategies. Reporting will be maintained as per GOB and WB guidelines and will be regularly communicated to the higher authority as a routine work. 8.6. Storage Facilities for Chemicals, Fuel, Oil and Grease 8.6.1 Oil Storage Facilities (generic information and can not be quoted) During construction and operation fuel, lubricants and other chemicals will be required for heavy equipment, vehicles etc. small portion of which will be stored on site. The schematic diagram of chemical storage facility may be used by the EPC contractor and O&M contractor. Conceptual storage facilities are shown in Fig-8.2 & 8.3. The bermed or bunded area would be big enough to hold 1.5 times the volume of the largest tank in the storage facility in the event of spill or leak. The containment berm will have a mechanism to separate out rainwater and treatment of oil contaminated water. The EPC contractor will design a catchments system to minimize spill damage. There is always a risk of fuel leakage either as the result of an accident, failure to close valves or failure of equipment or materials. Leaks caused by corrosion in oil storage tanks will be prevented to the maximum extent possible with coatings and cathodic protection (both interior and exterior). The EPC contractor will employ early leak detection monitoring system where personnel will be aware and trained on oil spill prevention, mitigation and management of the situation such as how to stop further loss, isolate the source, contain the spread of contamination, clean up spills, and file an incident report. Further at each stage of the construction and operation, the EPC and O&M contractor will maintain an inventory of hydrocarbon and chemical sources up-to-date and include

2 ft 1 ft 2.5 ft

Fig-8.2. Bermed containment facility


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fuel tankers, fixed fuel dumps and their locations. The EPC and O&M will maintain this practice and well developed contingency plan throughout their construction and operation up to final commissioning and handing over the power plant to the owner. Contingency plans will be based on the location and volume of potential spills. Fig-8.3 Conceptual drawing for the separation of spillage 8.6.2 Oil Leaks and Drainage Systems (generic information and can not be quoted) The main fuel is natural so there would not be any big types of oil spillage. To maintain a good industrial practice the EPC and O&M contractor will develop a leak minimization strategy as an integral part of facility design and maintenance procedures. Oil sumps will be provided for all drains to prevent contamination of rainwater drainage. Drip pans will be used where needed. The EPC contractor will construct separate storm water drainage systems for rainwater so that oil and chemical will not contaminate the natural stream. Suitable absorbent material will be available onsite for immediate prevention. 8.7. House Keeping The EPC contractor will maintain housekeeping practice to ensure safe working environment for the workers where waste generation and environmental damage will be minimized. The house keeping will include the following:

o Chemical usage o Erosion minimization o Emission reduction

Sump

Oil/water Separator

Tank 1 Tank

2

Oil contaminated water to treatment

facility

Oil rich water to oil recovery or safe disposal

Clean water to discharge


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o Segregated waste handling o Periodic chain of custody inspection

8.8. Emergency Fire Fighting For emergency situation or fire fighting the Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP already have its own fire fighting equipment intact under Assistant Director Security which is shown Annex-XV. In addition to the internal firefighting facility the Siddhirganj premises has the provision of taking help from the Civil Defence Office of the Narayangonj district. The emergency numbers will be posted in front of the Chief Engineer’s office/General Manager’s office and where required at Siddhirganj Power Plant site. In addition to the current facility as noted in the Annex-XV, some other fire hydrant may be installed at different sensitive locations such as in front of school and main gate of proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP at Siddhirganj power plant complex. The AD security will regularly take part for firefighting drill to make the system effective; the whole drill process will be supervised by the head of EMU unit of EGCB corporate office. The EPC contractor of the proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP (during contract period) shall ensure sufficient arrangements of required fire fighting equipment and fire hydrant in and around project site to protect life and properties of the project area.

8.10 Chance-Find Procedures for Physical Cultural Property

The Contractor will be responsible for familiarizing themselves with the following “Chance Finds Procedures” in case culturally valuable materials are uncovered during excavation or any project activities, including: 1. Stop work immediately following the discovery of any materials with

possible archaeological, historical, paleontological, or other cultural value, announce findings to project manager and notify to the Department of Archeology under Ministry of cultural Affairs, GOB.

2. Protect artefacts as well as possible using plastic covers, and implement measures to stabilize the area, if necessary, to properly protect artefacts

3. Prevent and penalize any unauthorized access to the artefacts 4. Restart construction works only upon the authorization of the relevant

authorities.


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CHAPTER-9: RISK ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT

9.1 Introductory description

The problem of protecting human health and the environment may best be defined as the management of risk. The failure to manage risk effectively and to establish priorities rationally translates ultimately into a failure to protect health, safety, and the environment. Through the use of risk assessment, concerned authorities can estimate the relative level of risks posed by different substances, products and activities and can establish priorities in determining whether, and how, to regulate. The risk assessment should constitute an organization’s best effort to employ advanced scientific and technical methods to predict accurately the sizes of the risks. Once the relevant risks are estimated accurately and objectively through the risk assessment process, it can then be decided how best that risks could be addressed in the risk management phase. Risk assessment is the technical process for estimating the level of risks posed by operational processes or products, i.e. the probability that a given harm will occur as a result of the processes or products. Risk assessment is applied to a substance, proceeds in four major steps:

Hazard identification: determining what kinds of adverse health effects a substance, product or activity can cause

Dose – response assessment: predicting the degree of adverse effects at a given exposure level

Exposure assessment: estimating the amount of exposure, and Risk characterization: combining the foregoing into a numerical range of

predicted deaths or injuries associated with actual exposure event Risk management options are then evaluated in a proposed solution to provide reduction of risk to the exposed population. Specific actions that are identified and selected may include consideration of engineering constraints as well as regulatory, social, political and economic issues related to the exposure. Quantitative assessment of risks associated with hazard identification, dose-response assessment, exposure estimation and risk characterization were beyond the scope of the present study. However, this study takes a qualitative approach to identify common hazards within the power plant and recommends measures for managing these risks with accidents and external threats.

9.2 Power Plant Risks Assessment

The process of electricity generation from gas is by no means risk free because of high temperature and pressure conditions within the plants, rotating machineries and high


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voltages involved. Apart from risks associated with emissions, noise generation, solid waste, hazardous waste and wastewater disposal as a result of construction and operation, the gas fired power plants put human beings and the environment inside and outside of the plant to a certain degree of risk of accident and sometime loss of life. It is therefore essential that a risk management plan be devised in order to both reduce risk of accident and to take the correct action during accidents. Important risks of accidents in thermal power plants leading to disasters or emergency situations may occur during following events:

Risks during emergency Fire Explosion Oil/acid spillage Toxic chemical spillage Electrocution

Risks due to natural disasters

Flood Cyclone Earthquake Storm Lightning

Risks due to external threats

Sabotage War situation Water/food poisoning

Several strategic areas within the power plant can be identified as places of potential risks during plant operation: Areas prone to explosion are:

Boiler area Turbine hall

Premises prone to fire and electrocution are:

Electrical rooms Transformer area Cable tunnel

Premises where people can be exposed to toxic chemicals:

Storage facilities for chemicals In power plants accidents can occur at two different levels. First, these may occur due to fires, explosions, oil or chemical spillage and spontaneous ignition of inflammable


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materials. In such events, operators working inside the plant and at various strategic hazard locations will be affected. Second, risks are also associated with external threats of sabotage. Failure of automatic control/warning systems, failure of fuel oil storage tanks and chemical release from acid and alkali stores and handling also pose great degree of associated risks.

9.3 Managing the Risks

As mentioned earlier, in order to reduce the risks associated with accidents, internal and external threats, and natural disasters, a risk management program is essential. Risk management planning can be done during design and planning stage of the plant as well as during plant operation. While risk management is mainly preventive in nature during the plant operation stage, the design and planning stage of the plant can incorporate changes in basic engineering to include safety design for all processes, safety margins for equipment, and plant layout. The following steps among others are important in managing the risks mentioned.

The power plant should be located on a reasonably large plot of land giving ample space to locate all units whilst maintaining safe distances between them.

The plant layout should provide roads of adequate width and service corridors so that no undue problems arise in the event of fires or other hazards.

Gas storage is to be designed with adequate precautions in respect of fire hazard control.

Storage of hazardous substances such as acids and alkalis should be sited in protected areas.

With respect to plant operation, safe operating procedures should be laid down and followed to ensure safety, optimum operation and economy.

A fire fighting group with adequate manpower and facilities such as water tank of sufficient capacity, CO2 tank, foam tank, portable fire extinguishers should be provided and facilities located at strategic locations e.g. generator area, high voltage panel, control rooms, and fuel tank area.

Regular checks on safe operating practices should be performed. In order to achieve the objective of minimizing risks at the Siddhirganj power plant complex, in addition to Environmental Management Unit for the complex, a disaster management unit with adequate manpower and facilities for each plant within the complex must be in place. The unit will be trained to act in a very short time in a pre-determined sequence to deal effectively and efficiently with any disaster, emergency or major accident to keep the loss of life, human injury, material, plant machineries, and impacts on the environment to the minimum.

9.4 Emergency Response Plan


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Emergency response plans are developed to address a range of plausible risk scenarios and emphasize the tasks required to respond to a physical event. The emergency response plan (ERP) for the proposed power plant has been developed listing various actions to be performed in a very short period of time in a pre-determined sequence if it is to deal effectively and efficiently with any emergency, major accident or natural disaster. The primary objective of the plan is to keep the loss of life, material, machinery/equipment damage, and impacts on the environment to minimum.

9.4.1 Emergency Response Cell

It is highly recommended that an Emergency Response Cell (ERC) adequately equipped with highly trained manpower and appropriate gears is established within the power plant complex in order to effectively implement the emergency response plan. The main functions of the emergency response cell should include the following.

Identification of various types of emergencies Identification of groups, communities, and areas those are vulnerable to different

kinds of emergencies Preparing service teams for various operations within the organization through

extensive training Establishment of early detection system for emergencies Developing reliable, instant information communication system Mobilizing all units in the complex within a very short time to address any

emergency

9.4.2 Emergency Preparedness

The ERC headed by a trained Manager should establish an Emergency Control Room with links to all plant control rooms and all other services. The ERC shall work as a team of the following officials.

Emergency Manager (Team Leader), Fire Officer, Safety Officer, Chief Security Officer, Chief Medical Officer, Rescue Officer, and Public Relations Officer

The Senior Environment Management Specialist (Senior Manager Environment) of the proposed Environment Management Unit for the Siddhirganj Power Plant Complex with adequate skills of facing emergency situation can act as the Emergency Manager of ERC. The Emergency Manager shall have the prerogative of shutting down the relevant units or


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the complete plant, which are affected or may further deteriorate damages, in case of an emergency. The EM however, shall have to report to the Chief Engineer of the Siddhirganj power plant of such an event without any delay. The team will be responsible for preparing and executing a specific emergency response plan for the power plant complex. The team should meet at regular intervals to update the plan, based on plant emergency data and changes in support agencies. The team should undertake some trial runs, e.g. fire drill, in order to be fully prepared and to improve upon the communication links, response time, availability and workability of emergency gears and other critical factors. Upon receiving information about an accident, the ERC team will assemble in the Emergency Control Room within the shortest possible time and formulate emergency control procedure.

9.4.3 Fire Fighting Services

The Fire Officer will be the commanding officer of the fire fighting services. The

FO will head a fire fighting team of trained officers and workers. The size of the team should be determined by the EGCB Ltd., considering requirement of all existing and proposed power plants within the complex.

Adequate fire fighting equipment e.g. fire extinguishers of different types appropriate for different strategic locations must be planned according to requirements of existing and future plants in the complex.

Depending on the scale of emergency, the fire fighting team will work in close association with security and maintenance personnel of the complex. Additional assistance may also be sought from outside fire stations when required.

Preparedness is extremely important for efficient and effective fire fighting services at the time of emergency. This can be better achieved by organizing fire drills at regular intervals, e.g. once every two weeks during dry summer months and once every two months during wet months involving all team members, all other service groups, all staff of the power plant complex, and utilizing all fire fighting gears.

9.4.4 Emergency Medical Services

The Chief Medical Officer will be responsible for providing medical services

within the Siddhirganj power plant complex at the time of any emergency. The services should also be rendered to people living in the close vicinity of the complex and affected by any accident within the plant complex.

The existing Medical Center of the Siddhirganj Power Complex must be equipped with adequate medical personnel and equipment for providing emergency services in addition to normal Medicare services to population of the complex.


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A team of well trained Medical Officers specializing in burn injury, orthopaedics, electrocution, chemical toxicity or poisoning, and shock treatment must be available at the power plant Medical Center. The number of officers may be determined considering the total number of staff and their family members in the complex. Special attention must be given to child injury treatment.

The following services must be on alert at all times in the plant complex.

First aid services for attending patients on the spot. The Medical Center should provide training on first aid services to some designated staffs of important areas of operation, e.g. boiler area, turbine hall, transformer area, electrical rooms, and chemical storage facilities, for immediate attention to the injured.

Ambulance services for transport of casualties from spot to Medical Center of the plant, and from Medical Center to outside hospital, as necessary. Facilities for transportation of fatalities to appropriate hospital or to relatives or to the police following prescribed procedure should be available.

All potential areas for emergency/ accidents in the plant complex must have an information chart including contact phone numbers of relevant services.

9.4.5 Rescue Services

Without going for additional manpower, the rescue team can be formed with potential staffs of the Power Plant Complex, e.g. from medical services, security services and fire fighting services, for conducting rescue operations following an emergency. A senior member can be designated Rescue Officer who will be responsible for formulating rescue plan and guiding the team. Important functions include

Cut-off electricity, gas or water supply to accident spots Rescue people from debris of collapsed structures Demolish damaged structures that may endanger human lives Rescue people from fire areas with adequate protection Assist other services promptly to save human lives Salvage equipment from debris Isolate damaged equipment or machineries that may endanger human lives Provide repair services as appropriate to restore operations

9.4.6 Security Services

The Siddhirganj Power Plant Complex will have a strong independent security team headed by the Chief Security Officer and will be responsible for the overall security of the plant complex, its equipment, machineries, buildings, utilities, and the community living within the complex. The security office shall maintain liaison with other emergency services at the time of emergency and during normal hours.


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The Chief Security Officer shall communicate with local police and other law enforcing agencies and seek assistance as may be needed during an emergency. The security team will also regulate vehicular traffic inside the complex. In particular they will ensure that all roads are unobstructed during emergencies.

9.4.7 Public Relations Services

The Public Relations Officer (PRO) of the Power Plant Complex will be

responsible for communicating emergency related information to concerned officials within the complex. The PRO however, will consult the Emergency Manager before communication with outside agencies.

The PRO will be responsible for warning people in and around the complex against potential fire hazards, or possible chemical contamination of water.

The PRO will keep close contact with outside local community and provide direction, and participate along with management team in the welfare services for the affected communities.

9.5 Concluding Remarks regarding risk management

Apart from the services mentioned above, the Environmental Management Unit and the Emergency Response Cell must ensure that all staffs working within the Power Plant Complex are oriented, through orientation programs, about the dos and don’ts during emergencies as well as overall environmental aspects and issues related to power plant operations. It is however, to be emphasized that the emergency response plan (ERP) outlined above is to be used as guide only and that the Environmental Management Unit and the Emergency Response Cell shall develop their own environmental management system (EMS) following ISO 14001 and the emergency response plan (ERP) respectively in consultation with and involving the Siddhirganj Power Complex and the EGCB Ltd., Management.


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CHAPTER-10: CO-ORDINATION WITH VARIOUS ORGANIZATIONS

For the construction and operation of the proposed 450 MW CCPP project related activities it may be needed to develop coordination with different organization and agencies that are as follows:

Ministry of Power, Energy and Mineral Resources of GOB Power Cell Power Development Board (PDB) Ministry of Industries Ministry of Finance Local Government Agencies Department of Environment Board of Investment Customs Department District Administration Civil Defence


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CHAPTER-11: BENEFICIAL IMPACTS, ENHANCEMENT AND PROJECT ENHANCEMENT POTENTIAL

In the national context the Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP, will have tremendous beneficial impacts as it will contribute to generate power and transmit in the national grid to solve the current power crisis of the country. It will help to minimize need of power in the industrial sector, shortage of power in the civil life including power requirements in the export oriented industries. If the increase of new production of power is not ensured, the loss of economy will grow up continuously. Therefore, it is essential to install power generation industries in the country with top priority.

The construction of a Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP within Siddhirganj Power Plant compound will help in the industrial sector, commercial activities, civil life and also play a crucial part in the boosting national economy.

This Endeavour will keep up the economic activities of the project area and thus enhance the over all socio-economic condition by creating more jobs associated with development activities.


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CHAPTER-12: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

MPEMR, GOB initially decided to construct a 2× 150 MW PPP at Siddhirganj power plant complex to meet national power crisis which has been currently revised and planned to construct Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP instead of 2× 150 MW PPP in the same ear marked place within Siddhirganj power plant complex, Siddhirganj, Narayanganj with the financial assistance of WB. This may be further noted that according to the ECR, 1997, proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP falls under “RED category” and needs to submit both IEE and EIA to the DoE for Environmental Clearance which is corresponding to Category-A based on WB Operational Policy (1999, OP 4.01), requiring an Environmental Assessment for the construction and operation of the project with recommendations for appropriate mitigation and management measures. As it has been noted above that an EIA for 2×150 MW PPP was already submitted to DOE therefore, for the revised proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP (instead of previous 2×150 MW CCPP) a full scale ESIA (based on TOR & TOC) report is needed to be submitted to WB to meet their requirements and simultaneously a copy to DOE as addendum of the previously submitted EIA for 2×150 MW PPP. The EIA includes identification of potential impacts and recommendations for mitigation measures for the proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP. The EIA has provided detailed recent environmental baseline information and illustrates the project activity and environmental interactions. An Environmental Management Plan is also provided based on recommended measures to mitigate all the listed issues including accidental risks and occupational health etc. The EMP also provided monitoring plan, contingency plan and community based preparedness plan. EGCB Ltd. will make necessary institutional arrangements and also commits to provide fund for the implementation plan. The EMP will address specific management recommendations for dust, chemicals, emissions etc. The Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP construction activities have been properly designed to establish necessary control mechanisms to prevent potential environmental impacts and EGCB Ltd. is committed in protecting Environment and workers. The Sidhirganj 450 MW CCPP project site location is considered environmentally acceptable compared to other alternative place. The potential negative environmental impacts identified and their mitigation measures suggested in the EIA indicates that there will be minimal environmental adverse impact. The EPC contractor shall develop an effective EHSAP which will provide effective management, and mitigation programmes to address the identified concerns. EGCB Ltd. will ensure that the appointed EPC contractor (during contract period) conduct the proposed construction of Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP with strict adherence to good environmental practices and compliance with DOE and WB guidelines and Environmental Quality Standards. Under the above circumstances it is recommended that the present EIA report be acknowledged as an addendum of the previous EIA report submitted to DOE by EGCB Ltd.


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CHAPTER-13: REFERENCE

Bangladesh Population Census 1991, (Community Series) Zilla : Dhaka, Bangladesh Bureau of Statistic(BBS) .

Bangladesh Environmental Conservation Act 1995, Department of Environment Ministry of Environment and Forest Peoples Republic of Bangladesh.

Bangladesh Environmental Conservation Rules 1997, Department of Environment. Ministry of Environment and Forest Peoples Republic of Bangladesh. Brammer, H. (1996). The geography of the soils of Bangladesh, University Press Ltd. Dhaka, Bangladesh. 450 MW CCPP performance report, 2009. EGCB Ltd. DOE (1997). EIA guidelines for industries, Department of Environment, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Faroque, M. and Hasan, R.S.1996. Laws Regulating Environment in Bangladesh Bangladesh Environmental Lawyers Association (BELA) Dhaka, Bangladesh. Huq, E.M. (2003). Revised Environmental Law. Department of Environment & Bangladesh Environmental Management Project, Ministry of Environment and Forest Peoples Republic of Bangladesh. Harrison, C and Greensmith, A (1993). Birds of the world. Dorling Kindersley Limited, London. IUCN (2000). Red book of Threatened Amphibians and Reptiles of Bangladesh. IUCN, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh. IUCN (2000). Red book of Threatened fishes of Bangladesh. IUCN, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh. IUCN (2000). Red book of Threatened birds of Bangladesh. IUCN, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Khan, M.S. and Halim, M (1987). Aquatic Angiosperms of Bangladesh. Bangladesh National Herbarium, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council.

Khan, S.M, Rahman, M.M (Dhaka, December, 2001). Red Data Book of Vascular Plants of Bangladesh. Bangladesh National Herbarium, Bangladesh.


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Reconnaissance Soil Survey Report (1976), Soil Resources Division, Dhaka (SRDI), Ministry of Agriculture, Government of Bangladesh. MOEF (1995) National Environment Management Plan, Ministry of Environment and Forest UNEP (2001). Bangladesh: State of the Environment 2001. United Nations Environment Program, Bangkok, Thailand. World Bank (2008), Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines for Thermal Power plant-2008. World Bank (1999), Operational Manual –OP 4.01, The World Bank operation manual for environmental assessment, Washington.

Annex-I-TOR of EIA for proposed 450 MW CCPP i

Annex-I

TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR) FOR THE DETAILED EIA OF THE PROPOSED SIDDHIRGANJ 450 MW CCPP AT SIDDHIRGANJ POWER PLANT COMPLEX,

UNDER NARAYANGANJ DISTRICT

Annex-I-TOR of EIA for proposed 450 MW CCPP ii

ANNEX-I-TOR OF EIA

Terms of Reference

Environmental and Social Assessment of the World Bank Financed 450MW Combined Cycle Power Plant at Siddhirganj

1. Background Under the Sidhirganj Peaking Power project, an open cycle gas turbine unit of about 300 (2 X 150) MW was planned to set-up at Sidhirganj. During the project preparation, a full scale environment assessment for this open cycle gas turbine power plant was carried out. This power plant was designed to operate only during the peak demand of the day. However, in view of the severe generation shortfall now gripping Bangladesh, the Government has requested to expand the power station to a combined cycle unit of about 450 MW. The combined cycle design would provide 50% more power output per unit of natural gas input. Due to alteration of project nature few components would be added in this project, namely; cooling tower, water treatment plant, produced solid and liquid wastes, relocation/dismantling of few establishment including school & transformer store under that circumstances the proper environmental impact assessment and mitigation is necessary to meet the Environmental management and mitigation obligation of both World Bank and Department of Environment (DoE), Bangladesh. Also a social impact assessment and related relocation plan is necessary. 2. Project location Siddhirganj power complex is located within Siddhirganj Thana under Narayanganj district and just outside the metro Dhaka area, which is known as an Industrial area. The site for the power plant is located within 88 acre property owned by the BPDB currently managed by EGCB Ltd. Within that premises the proposed WB Financed 450MW combined cycle project will require about 12.25 acres of land with minor relocation. This power plant complex is having the following existing establishment in place; (a) housing complex for almost 3000 people, mosque, school, health center, 210 MW Steam Turbine (ST), 2×120MW Peaking power plant, 100MW rental power plant which is under construction, two 132 KV Sub-stations, RMS of Titas gas, shops, and most other common facilities that can be expected in a small township. The distance between the WB funded sites to ADB funded sites is about 800 meters, likewise the WB funded site to 210MW ST is about 600 meters. On the east side across the river and within 2-3 km radius, there are three more gas fired power plants (Pendakar 360 MW, PDB 99 MW GTs going up to 360MW combined cycle power plant which is also under progress and due to be constructed soon by the JICA’s financial assistance, the NEPC barge mounted 1 x 110 MW is adjacent to the JICA funded project. Beyond the southern boundary of the EGCB Ltd. Adamjee Export Processing Zone and on the other side at northern side of boundary there is a steel re-rolling mill, and then a couple of brick kilns. There are numerous other industries around in the Siddhirganj area. Along the immediate west of the power plant complex the Demra-Narayanganj road is place. The whole Siddhirganj area is quite densely populated like any other peri-urban area around Dhaka. The Sitalakha river immediately to the east of the property is used as a major waterway. It is also the main source of water for all the industrial activity in the Siddhirganj area, including the proposed 450MW combined cycle power plants. The initial estimated land requirement for the open cycle power plant was 6 acres and estimated land for the combined cycle power plant is 12 acres. EGCB can accommodate this within the BPDB compound, but will have to shift and demolish a number of

Annex-I-TOR of EIA for proposed 450 MW CCPP iii

existing structures to do so. This will result in the displacement of approximately 21 families (EGCB/PGCB employees) for whom EGCB has already planned alternative accommodation. A number of structures belonging to other public agencies such as PGCB, DPDC will need to be demolished and shifted at pre-identified sites within the Siddhirganj compound. A Secondary School belonging to the Power Development Board, where 1,109 students are currently enrolled from grades 1-10 will need to demolished and be relocated, as will a housing facility for the guards and two Labor Union Offices and other sheds. EGCB has planned alternative locations for these facilities. There are two storage buildings, a number of tin sheds and other temporary structures which will need to be cleared. 3. Assignment Objective The overall objective of this assignment is to carry out an environmental assessment of the 450 MW combined cycle power plant to be constructed at Sidhirganj based on the existing environmental assessment report carried out for 300 MW open cycle power plant during 2006-2007 and continuous environmental monitoring data of other power plant located in campus. The assessment will include the environmental assessment of the dismantling of the existing infrastructure in proposed sites and site development. It may be noted that during the earlier Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for the same project, the World Bank operational policy (OP) 4.01 and the relevant regulatory requirements of the GoB were followed as this project is classified as Category-A of OP 4.01 and red category under DoE’s guideline. The classification of the project will remain same and all detailed information will be required for this new combined cycle power plant. Since the previous design of the project did not trigger any social issues for this component, no Social Impact Assessment was undertaken at that time. However, this is now necessary due to the demolition and shifting of structures and the relocation of families/other people. 4. Scope of Work Given the existing and proposed development in the area, significant information about the environmental status of the area is already available. The full scale EIA has been undertaken in the recent past for the same project area for previously designed 2×150MW peaking power plant project. The assessment will use all the relevant information from the earlier assessment. However, updating of all information will be mandatory for this assessment. In addition, the assessment will have to address and include the additional features/components added in this project namely; cooling tower water intake and discharge channel, water treatment plant, boiler blow down water treatment provision, solid and liquid waste management to meet the guideline of WB pollution and prevention abatement hand book and the guideline of DoE. The brief scope of work of the assignment:

i) Update the baseline information of the previous EIA report using the continuous monitoring data and carrying out additional investigation (for example, the water flow and water quality of the adjacent river will have to be carried out);

ii) Carry out critical comparative analysis between the open cycle power plant and combined cycle power plant and identify the additional component and requirements for the combined cycle power plant;

iii) Assess the environmental impacts of the additional components of the combined cycle power plant (in comparison to open cycle power plant) and overall impacts of the combined cycle power plant;

iv) Carryout a commutative environment assessment of the sites considering a number of power plants and industries in the areas;

v) Prepare a standalone environment management plan (EMP)1 for the combined cycle power plant;

1 The EMP will have both the mitigation and monitoring plan

Annex-I-TOR of EIA for proposed 450 MW CCPP iv

vi) Assess the environmental impact due to dismantling of the existing facilities, land development and construction of new building (compensation of existing buildings)2 and carryout separate EMP for these activities;

vii) Identify the technical and institutional capacity needs to implement the environmental mitigation and monitoring measures;

viii) Carryout consultation with local community, NGOs and other stakeholders and guide the client on the disclosure requirement of the World Bank

ix) Prepare a combined EIA report following the World Bank standard guidelines; and x) Advise the EGCB on the DoE’s requirements and approval process.

Scope of work for the SIA/SMP

Develop a detailed lay-out plan clearly identifying all affected structures (temporary and permanent) on the proposed project site and at the proposed replacement sites (including square footage).

Identification of Impacts: Since all affected entities are public and all impacts will be constrained within the PDB compound, a brief assessment should be conducted to identify all affected structures and impacts from the demolition/shifting activities, and other social impacts arising from this project component.

Consultation Strategy: Adequate consultation must be demonstrated with the owners of the affected structures and agreements with them for the demolition and shifting of structures belonging to them must be recorded. Appropriate consultation must be documented with people who will be directly affected by the demolition of the school, dormitory and residential buildings. People who will be affected by noise, pollution and general disturbance associated with demolition and construction work will also have to be part of a wider consultation.

Social Management Plan: A management plan will be required to lay out actionable mitigation measures associated with the impacts of the project; for example:

o Compiling a list of all affected people and entities, and an inventory of impacts (for example, people may miss a few days of work due to shifting etc.)

o shifting the school in a manner that leads to the least disruption to the student’s school year,

o Laying out a process to ensure that EGCB bears all costs associated with the shifting of the school and families, (a compensation mechanism may be put in place). All compensation must be at market rates/replacement value,

o maintaining safety standards during construction and demolition, o management of noise and pollution, o traffic management, if required , o spelling out the institutional arrangements for all the activities involving shifting

the school and families, procurement of agreements with all entities involved for the demolition/shifting, etc

o An M&E mechanism

2 An alternative analysis of the proposed locations should be carried out

Annex-I-TOR of EIA for proposed 450 MW CCPP v

o A grievance redress mechanism (simplified) o Budget and Timeline for Implementation of the SMP

4. Structure of EIA Report EIA report will be concise and limited to significant environmental issues. The main text should focus on findings, conclusions and recommended actions, supported by summaries of the data collected and citations for any references used in interpreting those data. Detailed or uninterrupted data are not appropriate in the main text and should be presented in appendices or a separate volume. Unpublished documents used in the assessment may not be readily available and should also be assembled in an appendix. Organize the environmental assessment report according to the outline below:

Executive Summary Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework Description of the Proposed Project Description of the Environment Significant Environmental Impacts Analysis of Alternatives Environmental Management Plan, incl. mitigation, monitoring, capacity development and training

and implementation schedule and costs Inter-Agency and Public/NGO Consultation List of References Appendices: List of Environmental Assessment Preparers; Records of Inter-Agency and Public/NGO Communications; Data and Unpublished Reference Documents

Structure of SIA report

Executive Summary Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework (National Laws and WB Policies as applicable) Description of the Project (including activities leading to social impacts and the detailed map) Methodology for the SIA (BRIEF) Description of Baseline Consultation Description of Impacts Social Management Plan Appendices (Lists of affected people and entities, inventory of losses, compensation amount-

if required, lists of people consulted)

5. Duration Considering the highest priority of the government to fast track the project, the environment and social assessment will be carried out in very short duration. The consultant(s) will have to submit the draft ESIA report for review within 30 days of starting the assignment. The final report will have to be submitted within 45 days incorporating all the comments and suggestions of ECGB and the World Bank. 6. Reporting The consultant(s) will report to EGCB’s Environment Management Specialist (Manager Environment). They should work together extensively to complete the whole addendum document to meet the deadline in reality. 7. Qualifications of Consultants The consultant/s should have 8-10 years experience in undertaking EIA and SIA for power generation projects. The consultant/s, if necessary, can draw supports of other consultants/skills. Experience in ambient environmental monitoring, modeling, and analysis is also mandatory.

Annex-I-TOR of EIA for proposed 450 MW CCPP vi

Annex-II-EIA Team for 450 MW CCPP i

ANNEX-II. EIA-Team Table-1.1. Proposed EIA team members Name of professionals

Position

Md. Noor Newaz, Ph.D. Team Leader, EIA Specialist and Senior Environmental Specialist Prof. M.A. Khaer, Ph.D. Ecologist and Taxonomist Md. Salim, Ph.D. Mechanical Engineer M. Saiful Islam Chemist Md. Rafiqul Islam Geographer and GIS specialist

Technical personnel from EGCB Ltd. involved for supervision of EIA study for Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP at Siddhirganj, Narayanganj is shown in Table-1.2. Table-1.2. EGCB ltd. team members provided support for implementation of the EIA report for Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP project

Name of professionals

Position

Kazi M.H. Kabir, M. Sc. (Ag.), M.Sc. Env. Science, (Australia), ESC (Japan), Ph.D. (Fellow)

Environmental Management Specialist (Manager Environment) EGCB Ltd.

Ibrahim Ahmad Shafi Al Mohtad, M.S.,Renewable Energy, (German)

Manager P & D, EGCB Ltd.

Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines THERMAL POWER PLANTS

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WORLD BANK GROUP

Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines for Thermal Power Plants

Introduction

The Environmental, Health, and Safety (EHS) Guidelines are technical reference documents with general and industry-specific examples of Good International Industry Practice (GIIP)1. When one or more members of the World Bank Group are involved in a project, these EHS Guidelines are applied as required by their respective policies and standards. These industry sector EHS guidelines are designed to be used together with the General EHS Guidelines document, which provides guidance to users on common EHS issues potentially applicable to all industry sectors. For complex projects, use of multiple industry-sector guidelines may be necessary. A complete list of industry-sector guidelines can be found at: www.ifc.org/ifcext/sustainability.nsf/Content/EnvironmentalGuidelines

The EHS Guidelines contain the performance levels and measures that are generally considered to be achievable in new facilities by existing technology at reasonable costs. Application of the EHS Guidelines to existing facilities may involve the establishment of site-specific targets, based on environmental assessments and/or environmental audits as appropriate, with an appropriate timetable for achieving them. The applicability of the EHS Guidelines should be tailored to the hazards and risks established for each project on the basis of the results of an environmental assessment in which site-specific variables, such as host country context, assimilative capacity of the environment, and other project factors, are taken into account. The applicability

1 Defined as the exercise of professional skill, diligence, prudence and foresight that would be reasonably expected from skilled and experienced professionals engaged in the same type of undertaking under the same or similar circumstances globally. The circumstances that skilled and experienced professionals may find when evaluating the range of pollution prevention and control techniques available to a project may include, but are not limited to, varying levels of environmental degradation and environmental assimilative capacity as well as varying levels of financial and technical feasibility.

of specific technical recommendations should be based on the professional opinion of qualified and experienced persons. When host country regulations differ from the levels and measures presented in the EHS Guidelines, projects are expected to achieve whichever is more stringent. If less stringent levels or measures than those provided in these EHS Guidelines are appropriate, in view of specific project circumstances, a full and detailed justification for any proposed alternatives is needed as part of the site-specific environmental assessment. This justification should demonstrate that the choice for any alternate performance levels is protective of human health and the environment.

Applicability

This document includes information relevant to combustion processes fueled by gaseous, liquid and solid fossil fuels and biomass and designed to deliver electrical or mechanical power, steam, heat, or any combination of these, regardless of the fuel type (except for solid waste which is covered under a separate Guideline for Waste Management Facilities), with a total rated heat input capacity above 50 Megawatt thermal input (MWth) on Higher Heating Value (HHV) basis.2 It applies to boilers, reciprocating engines, and combustion turbines in new and existing facilities. Annex A contains a detailed description of industry activities for this sector, and Annex B contains guidance for Environmental Assessment (EA) of thermal power projects. Emissions guidelines applicable to facilities with a total heat input capacity of less than 50 MWth are presented in Section 1.1 of the General EHS Guidelines. Depending on the characteristics of the project and its associated activities (i.e., fuel sourcing and evacuation of generated electricity), readers should also consult

2 Total capacity applicable to a facility with multiple units.

http://www.ifc.org/ifcext/sustainability.nsf/Content/EnvironmentalGuidelines

http://www.ifc.org/ifcext/sustainability.nsf/Content/EnvironmentalGuidelines


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the EHS Guidelines for Mining and the EHS Guidelines for Electric Power Transmission and Distribution.

Decisions to invest in this sector by one or more members of the World Bank Group are made within the context of the World Bank Group strategy on climate change.

This document is organized according to the following sections:

Section 1.0 – Industry Specific Impacts and Management Section 2.0 – Performance Indicators and Monitoring Section 3.0 – References and Additional Sources Annex A – General Description of Industry Activities Annex B – Environmental Assessment Guidance for Thermal Power Projects.

1.0 Industry-Specific Impacts and Management

The following section provides a summary of the most significant EHS issues associated with thermal power plants, which occur during the operational phase, along with recommendations for their management.

As described in the introduction to the General EHS Guidelines, the general approach to the management of EHS issues in industrial development activities, including power plants, should consider potential impacts as early as possible in the project cycle, including the incorporation of EHS considerations into the site selection and plant design processes in order to maximize the range of options available to prevent and control potential negative impacts.

Recommendations for the management of EHS issues common to most large industrial and infrastructure facilities during the construction and decommissioning phases are provided in the General EHS Guidelines.

1.1 Environment

Environmental issues in thermal power plant projects primarily include the following:

• Air emissions

• Energy efficiency and Greenhouse Gas emissions

• Water consumption and aquatic habitat alteration

• Effluents

• Solid wastes

• Hazardous materials and oil

• Noise

Air Emissions The primary emissions to air from the combustion of fossil fuels or biomass are sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOX), particulate matter (PM), carbon monoxide (CO), and greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide (CO2). Depending on the fuel type and quality, mainly waste fuels or solid fuels, other substances such as heavy metals (i.e., mercury, arsenic, cadmium, vanadium, nickel, etc), halide compounds (including hydrogen fluoride), unburned hydrocarbons and other volatile organic compounds (VOCs) may be emitted in smaller quantities, but may have a significant influence on the environment due to their toxicity and/or persistence. Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide are also implicated in long-range and trans-boundary acid deposition.

The amount and nature of air emissions depends on factors such as the fuel (e.g., coal, fuel oil, natural gas, or biomass), the type and design of the combustion unit (e.g., reciprocating engines, combustion turbines, or boilers), operating practices, emission control measures (e.g., primary combustion control, secondary flue gas treatment), and the overall system efficiency. For example, gas-fired plants generally produce negligible quantities of particulate matter and sulfur oxides, and levels of nitrogen oxides are about 60% of those from plants using coal (without


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emission reduction measures). Natural gas-fired plants also release lower quantities of carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas.

Some measures, such as choice of fuel and use of measures to increase energy conversion efficiency, will reduce emissions of multiple air pollutants, including CO2, per unit of energy generation. Optimizing energy utilization efficiency of the generation process depends on a variety of factors, including the nature and quality of fuel, the type of combustion system, the operating temperature of the combustion turbines, the operating pressure and temperature of steam turbines, the local climate conditions, the type of cooling system used, etc. Recommended measures to prevent, minimize, and control air emissions include:

• Use of the cleanest fuel economically available (natural gas is preferable to oil, which is preferable to coal) if that is consistent with the overall energy and environmental policy of the country or the region where the plant is proposed. For most large power plants, fuel choice is often part of the national energy policy, and fuels, combustion technology and pollution control technology, which are all interrelated, should be evaluated very carefully upstream of the project to optimize the project’s environmental performance;

• When burning coal, giving preference to high-heat-content, low-ash, and low-sulfur coal;

• Considering beneficiation to reduce ash content, especially for high ash coal;3

• Selection of the best power generation technology for the fuel chosen to balance the environmental and economic benefits. The choice of technology and pollution control systems will be based on the site-specific environmental assessment (some examples include the use of higher energy-efficient systems, such as combined cycle gas turbine system for natural gas and oil-fired units, and supercritical, ultra-supercritical or integrated coal gasification combined cycle (IGCC) technology for coal-fired units);

• Designing stack heights according to Good International Industry Practice (GIIP) to avoid excessive ground level concentrations and minimize impacts, including acid deposition;4

• Considering use of combined heat and power (CHP, or co-generation) facilities. By making use of otherwise wasted heat, CHP facilities can achieve thermal efficiencies of 70 – 90 percent, compared with 32 – 45 percent for conventional thermal power plants.

• As stated in the General EHS Guidelines, emissions from a single project should not contribute more than 25% of the applicable ambient air quality standards to allow additional, future sustainable development in the same airshed.5

Pollutant-specific control recommendations are provided below.

Sulfur Dioxide The range of options for the control of sulfur oxides varies substantially because of large differences in the sulfur content of different fuels and in control costs as described in Table 1. The choice of technology depends on a benefit-cost analysis of the environmental performance of different fuels, the cost of controls, and the existence of a market for sulfur control by-products6. Recommended measures to prevent, minimize, and control SO2 emissions include:

3 If sulfur is inorganically bound to the ash, this will also reduce sulfur content. 4 For specific guidance on calculating stack height see Annex 1.1.3 of the General EHS Guidelines. Raising stack height should not be used to allow more emissions. However, if the proposed emission rates result in significant incremental ambient air quality impacts to the attainment of the relevant ambient air quality standards, options to raise stack height and/or to further reduce emissions should be considered in the EA. Typical examples of GIIP stack heights are up to around 200m for large coal-fired power plants, up to around 80m for HFO-fueled diesel engine power plants, and up to 100m for gas-fired combined cycle gas turbine power plants. Final selection of the stack height will depend on the terrain of the surrounding areas, nearby buildings, meteorological conditions, predicted incremental impacts and the location of existing and future receptors. 5 For example, the US EPA Prevention of Significant Deterioration Increments Limits applicable to non-degraded airsheds provide the following: SO2 (91 μg/m3 for 2nd highest 24-hour, 20 μg/m3 for annual average), NO2 (20 μg/m3 for annual average), and PM10 (30 μg/m3 for 2nd highest 24-hour, and 17 μg/m3 for annual average).


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• Use of fuels with a lower content of sulfur where economically feasible;

• Use of lime (CaO) or limestone (CaCO3) in coal-fired fluidized bed combustion boilers to have integrated desulfurization which can achieve a removal efficiency of up to 80-90 % through use of Fluidized Bed Combustion7, 8;

• Depending on the plant size, fuel quality, and potential for significant emissions of SO2 , use of flue gas desulfurization (FGD) for large boilers using coal or oil and for large reciprocating engines . The optimal type of FGD system (e.g., wet FGD using limestone with 85 to 98% removal efficiency, dry FGD using lime with 70 to 94% removal efficiency, seawater FGD with up to 90% removal efficiency) depends on the capacity of the plant, fuel properties, site conditions, and the cost and availability of reagent as well as by-product disposal and utilization.9

Table 1 - Performance / Characteristics of FGDs Type of FGD

Characteristics Plant Capital Cost Increase

Wet FGD • Flue gas is saturated with water • Limestone (CaCO3) as reagent • Removal efficiency up to 98% • Use 1-1.5% of electricity generated • Most widely used • Distance to limestone source and

the limestone reactivity to be considered

• High water consumption • Need to treat wastewater • Gypsum as a saleable by-product

or waste

11-14%

Semi-Dry FGD

• Also called “Dry Scrubbing” – under controlled humidification.

• Lime (CaO) as reagent • Removal efficiency up to 94%

9-12%

6 Regenerative Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) options (either wet or semi-dray) may be considered under these conditions. 7 EC (2006). 8 The SO2 removal efficiency of FBC technologies depends on the sulfur and lime content of fuel, sorbent quantity, ratio, and quality. 9 The use of wet scrubbers, in addition to dust control equipment (e.g. ESP or Fabric Filter), has the advantage of also reducing emissions of HCl, HF, heavy metals, and further dust remaining after ESP or Fabric Filter. Because of higher costs, the wet scrubbing process is generally not used at plants with a capacity of less than 100 MWth (EC 2006).

• Can remove SO3 as well at higher removal rate than Wet FGD

• Use 0.5-1.0% of electricity generated, less than Wet FGD

• Lime is more expensive than limestone

• No wastewater • Waste – mixture of fly ash,

unreacted additive and CaSO3 Seawater FGD

• Removal efficiency up to 90% • Not practical for high S coal

(>1%S) • Impacts on marine environment

need to be carefully examined (e.g., reduction of pH, inputs of remaining heavy metals, fly ash, temperature, sulfate, dissolved oxygen, and chemical oxygen demand)

• Use 0.8-1.6% of electricity generated

• Simple process, no wastewater or solid waste,

7-10%

Sources: EC (2006) and World Bank Group.

Nitrogen Oxides Formation of nitrogen oxides can be controlled by modifying operational and design parameters of the combustion process (primary measures). Additional treatment of NOX from the flue gas (secondary measures; see Table 2) may be required in some cases depending on the ambient air quality objectives. Recommended measures to prevent, minimize, and control NOX emissions include:

• Use of low NOX burners with other combustion modifications, such as low excess air (LEA) firing, for boiler plants. Installation of additional NOX controls for boilers may be necessary to meet emissions limits; a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system can be used for pulverized coal-fired, oil-fired, and gas-fired boilers or a selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) system for a fluidized-bed boiler;

• Use of dry low-NOX combustors for combustion turbines burning natural gas;

• Use of water injection or SCR for combustion turbines and


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reciprocating engines burning liquid fuels;10

• Optimization of operational parameters for existing reciprocating engines burning natural gas to reduce NOx emissions;

• Use of lean-burn concept or SCR for new gas engines.

Table 2 - Performance / Characteristics of Secondary NOx Reduction Systems

Type Characteristics Plant Capital Cost Increase

SCR • NOx emission reduction rate of 80 – 95%

• Use 0.5% of electricity generated • Use ammonia or urea as reagent. • Ammonia slip increases with increasing

NH3/NOx ratio may cause a problem (e.g., too high ammonia in the fly ash). Larger catalyst volume / improving the mixing of NH3 and NOx in the flue gas may be needed to avoid this problem.

• Catalysts may contain heavy metals. Proper handling and disposal / recycle of spent catalysts is needed.

• Life of catalysts has been 6-10 years (coal-fired), 8-12 years (oil-fired) and more than 10 years (gas-fired).

4-9% (coal-fired boiler) 1-2% (gas-fired combined cycle gas turbine) 20-30% (reciprocating engines)

SNCR • NOx emission reduction rate of 30 – 50%

• Use 0.1-0.3% of electricity generated • Use ammonia or urea as reagent. • Cannot be used on gas turbines or gas

engines. • Operates without using catalysts.

1-2%

Source: EC (2006), World Bank Group

Particulate Matter Particulate matter11 is emitted from the combustion process, especially from the use of heavy fuel oil, coal, and solid biomass. The proven technologies for particulate removal in power plants are fabric filters and electrostatic precipitators (ESPs), shown in Table 3. The choice between a fabric filter and an ESP depends on the fuel properties, type of FGD system if used for SO2 control, 10 Water injection may not be practical for industrial combustion turbines in all cases. Even if water is available, the facilities for water treatment and the operating and maintenance costs of water injection may be costly and may complicate the operation of a small combustion turbine.

and ambient air quality objectives. Particulate matter can also be released during transfer and storage of coal and additives, such as lime. Recommendations to prevent, minimize, and control particulate matter emissions include:

• Installation of dust controls capable of over 99% removal efficiency, such as ESPs or Fabric Filters (baghouses), for coal-fired power plants. The advanced control for particulates is a wet ESP, which further increases the removal efficiency and also collects condensables (e.g., sulfuric acid mist) that are not effectively captured by an ESP or a fabric filter;12

• Use of loading and unloading equipment that minimizes the height of fuel drop to the stockpile to reduce the generation of fugitive dust and installing of cyclone dust collectors;

• Use of water spray systems to reduce the formation of fugitive dust from solid fuel storage in arid environments;

• Use of enclosed conveyors with well designed, extraction and filtration equipment on conveyor transfer points to prevent the emission of dust;

• For solid fuels of which fine fugitive dust could contain vanadium, nickel and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) (e.g., in coal and petroleum coke), use of full enclosure during transportation and covering stockpiles where necessary;

• Design and operate transport systems to minimize the generation and transport of dust on site;

• Storage of lime or limestone in silos with well designed, extraction and filtration equipment;

• Use of wind fences in open storage of coal or use of enclosed storage structures to minimize fugitive dust

11 Including all particle sizes (e.g. TSP, PM10, and PM2.5) 12 Flue gas conditioning (FGC) is a recommended approach to address the issue of low gas conductivity and lower ESP collection performance which occurs when ESPs are used to collect dust from very low sulfur fuels. One particular FGC design involves introduction of sulfur trioxide (SO3) gas into the flue gas upstream of the ESP, to increase the conductivity of the flue gas dramatically improve the ESP collection efficiency. There is typically no risk of increased SOx emissions as the SO3 is highly reactive and adheres to the dust.


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emissions where necessary, applying special ventilation systems in enclosed storage to avoid dust explosions (e.g., use of cyclone separators at coal transfer points).

See Annex 1.1.2 of the General EHS Guidelines for an additional illustrative presentation of point source emissions prevention and control technologies.

Table 3 – Performance / Characteristics of Dust Removal Systems

Type Performance / Characteristics ESP • Removal efficiency of >96.5% (<1 μm), >99.95%

(>10 μm) • 0.1-1.8% of electricity generated is used • It might not work on particulates with very high

electrical resistivity. In these cases, flue gas conditioning (FGC) may improve ESP performance.

• Can handle very large gas volume with low pressure drops

Fabric Filter • Removal efficiency of >99.6% (<1 μm), >99.95% (>10 μm). Removes smaller particles than ESPs.

• 0.2-3% of electricity generated is used • Filter life decreases as coal S content increases • Operating costs go up considerably as the fabric

filter becomes dense to remove more particles • If ash is particularly reactive, it can weaken the

fabric and eventually it disintegrates. Wet Scrubber • Removal efficiency of >98.5% (<1 μm), >99.9%

(>10 μm) • Up to 3% of electricity generated is used. • As a secondary effect, can remove and absorb

gaseous heavy metals • Wastewater needs to be treated

Sources: EC (2006) and World Bank Group.

Other Pollutants Depending on the fuel type and quality, other air pollutants may be present in environmentally significant quantities requiring proper consideration in the evaluation of potential impacts to ambient air quality and in the design and implementation of management actions and environmental controls. Examples of additional pollutants include mercury in coal, vanadium in heavy fuel oil, and other heavy metals present in waste fuels such as petroleum coke (petcoke) and used lubricating oils13. Recommendations to

13 In these cases, the EA should address potential impacts to ambient air quality

prevent, minimize, and control emissions of other air pollutants such as mercury in particular from thermal power plants include the use of conventional secondary controls such as fabric filters or ESPs operated in combination with FGD techniques, such as limestone FGD, Dry Lime FGD, or sorbent injection.14 Additional removal of metals such as mercury can be achieved in a high dust SCR system along with powered activated carbon, bromine-enhanced Powdered Activated Carbon (PAC) or other sorbents. Since mercury emissions from thermal power plants pose potentially significant local and transboundary impacts to ecosystems and public health and safety through bioaccumulation, particular consideration should be given to their minimization in the environmental assessment and accordingly in plant design.15

Emissions Offsets Facilities in degraded airsheds should minimize incremental impacts by achieving emissions values outlined in Table 6. Where these emissions values result nonetheless in excessive ambient impacts relative to local regulatory standards (or in their absence, other international recognized standards or guidelines, including World Health Organization guidelines), the project should explore and implement site-specific offsets that result in no net increase in the total emissions of those pollutants (e.g., particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, or nitrogen dioxide) that are responsible for the degradation of the airshed. Offset provisions should be implemented before the power plant comes fully on stream. Suitable offset measures could include reductions in emissions of particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, or nitrogen dioxide, as necessary through (a) the installation of new or more effective controls at other units within the same power plant or at other power plants in for such heavy metals as mercury, nickel, vanadium, cadmium, lead, etc. 14 For Fabric Filters or Electrostatic Precipitators operated in combination with FGD techniques, an average removal rate of 75% or 90 % in the additional presence of SCR can be obtained (EC, 2006). 15 Although no major industrial country has formally adopted regulatory limits for mercury emissions from thermal power plants, such limitations where under consideration in the United States and European Union as of 2008. Future updates of these EHS Guidelines will reflect changes in the international state of


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the same airshed, (b) the installation of new or more effective controls at other large sources, such as district heating plants or industrial plants, in the same airshed, or (c) investments in gas distribution or district heating systems designed to substitute for the use of coal for residential heating and other small boilers. Wherever possible, the offset provisions should be implemented within the framework of an overall air quality management strategy designed to ensure that air quality in the airshed is brought into compliance with ambient standards. The monitoring and enforcement of ambient air quality in the airshed to ensure that offset provisions are complied with would be the responsibility of the local or national agency responsible for granting and supervising environmental permits. Project sponsors who cannot engage in the negotiations necessary to put together an offset agreement (for example, due to the lack of the local or national air quality management framework) should consider the option of relying on an appropriate combination of using cleaner fuels, more effective pollution controls, or reconsidering the selection of the proposed project site. The overall objective is that the new thermal power plants should not contribute to deterioration of the already degraded airshed.

Energy Efficiency and GHG Emissions Carbon dioxide, one of the major greenhouse gases (GHGs) under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, is emitted from the combustion of fossil fuels. Recommendations to avoid, minimize, and offset emissions of carbon dioxide from new and existing thermal power plants include, among others:

• Use of less carbon intensive fossil fuels (i.e., less carbon containing fuel per unit of calorific value -- gas is less than oil and oil is less than coal) or co-firing with carbon neutral fuels (i.e., biomass);

• Use of combined heat and power plants (CHP) where feasible;

• Use of higher energy conversion efficiency technology of the

practice regarding mercury emissions prevention and control.

same fuel type / power plant size than that of the country/region average. New facilities should be aimed to be in top quartile of the country/region average of the same fuel type and power plant size. Rehabilitation of existing facilities must achieve significant improvements in efficiency. Typical CO2 emissions performance of different fuels / technologies are presented below in Table 4;

• Consider efficiency-relevant trade-offs between capital and operating costs involved in the use of different technologies. For example, supercritical plants may have a higher capital cost than subcritical plants for the same capacity, but lower operating costs. On the other hand, characteristics of existing and future size of the grid may impose limitations in plant size and hence technological choice. These tradeoffs need to be fully examined in the EA;

• Use of high performance monitoring and process control techniques, good design and maintenance of the combustion system so that initially designed efficiency performance can be maintained;

• Where feasible, arrangement of emissions offsets (including the Kyoto Protocol’s flexible mechanisms and the voluntary carbon market), including reforestation, afforestation, or capture and storage of CO2 or other currently experimental options16;

• Where feasible, include transmission and distribution loss reduction and demand side measures. For example, an investment in peak load management could reduce cycling requirements of the generation facility thereby improving its operating efficiency. The feasibility of these types of off-set options may vary depending on whether the facility is part of a vertically integrated utility or an independent power producer;

• Consider fuel cycle emissions and off-site factors (e.g., fuel

16 The application of carbon capture and storage (CCS) from thermal power projects is still in experimental stages worldwide although consideration has started to be given to CCS-ready design. Several options are currently under evaluation including CO2 storage in coal seams or deep aquifers and oil reservoir injection for enhanced oil recovery.


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supply, proximity to load centers, potential for off-site use of waste heat, or use of nearby waste gases (blast furnace gases or coal bed methane) as fuel. etc).

Table 4 - Typical CO2 Emissions Performance of New Thermal Power Plants

Fuel Efficiency CO2 (gCO2 / kWh – Gross)

Efficiency (% Net, HHV) Coal (*1, *2)

Ultra-Supercritical (*1): 37.6 – 42.7 Supercritical: 35.9-38.3 (*1) 39.1 (w/o CCS) (*2) 24.9 (with CCS) (*2) Subcritical: 33.1-35.9 (*1) 36.8 (w/o CCS) (*2) 24.9 (with CCS) (*2) IGCC: 39.2-41.8 (*1) 38.2–41.1 (w/o CCS) (*2) 31.7–32.5 (with CCS) (*2)

676-795

756-836

763 95

807-907

808 102

654-719

640 – 662 68 – 86

Gas (*2) Advanced CCGT (*2): 50.8 (w/o CCS) 43.7 (with CCS)

355 39

Efficiency (% Net, LHV) Coal (*3) 42 (Ultra-Supercritical)

40 (Supercritical) 30 – 38 (Subcritical) 46 (IGCC) 38 (IGCC+CCS)

811 851

896-1,050 760 134

Coal and Lignite (*4, *7)

(*4) 43-47 (Coal-PC) >41(Coal-FBC) 42-45 (Lignite-PC) >40 (Lignite-FBC)

(*6) 725-792 (Net) <831 (Net)

808-866 (Net) <909 (Net)

Gas (*4, *7)

(*4) 36–40 (Simple Cycle GT) 38-45 (Gas Engine) 40-42 (Boiler) 54-58 (CCGT)

(*6) 505-561 (Net) 531-449 (Net) 481-505 (Net) 348-374 (Net)

Oil (*4, *7)

(*4) 40 – 45 (HFO/LFO Reciprocating Engine)

(*6) 449-505 (Net)

Efficiency (% Gross, LHV) Coal (*5, *7)

(*5) 47 (Ultra-supercritical) 44 (Supercritical) 41-42 (Subcritical) 47-48 (IGCC)

(*6) 725 774

811-831 710-725

Oil (*5, *7)

(*5) 43 (Reciprocating Engine) 41 (Boiler)

(*6) 648 680

Gas (*5) (*5) 34 (Simple Cycle GT) 51 (CCGT)

(*6) 594 396

Source: (*1) US EPA 2006, (*2) US DOE/NETL 2007, (*3) World Bank, April 2006, (*4) European Commission 2006, (*5) World Bank Group, Sep 2006, (*6) World Bank Group estimates

Water Consumption and Aquatic Habitat Alteration Steam turbines used with boilers and heat recovery steam generators(HRSG) used in combined cycle gas turbine units require a cooling system to condense steam used to generate electricity. Typical cooling systems used in thermal power plants include: (i) once-through cooling system where sufficient cooling water and receiving surface water are available; (ii) closed circuit wet cooling system; and (iii) closed circuit dry cooling system (e.g., air cooled condensers).

Combustion facilities using once-through cooling systems require large quantities of water which are discharged back to receiving surface water with elevated temperature. Water is also required for boiler makeup, auxiliary station equipment, ash handling, and FGD systems.17 The withdrawal of such large quantities of water has the potential to compete with other important water uses such as agricultural irrigation or drinking water sources. Withdrawal and discharge with elevated temperature and chemical contaminants such as biocides or other additives, if used, may affect aquatic organisms, including phytoplankton, zooplankton, fish, crustaceans, shellfish, and many other forms of aquatic life. Aquatic organisms drawn into cooling water intake structures are either impinged on components of the cooling water intake structure or entrained in the cooling water system itself. In the case of either impingement or entrainment, aquatic organisms may be killed or subjected to significant harm. In some cases (e.g., sea turtles), organisms are entrapped in the intake canals. There may be special concerns about the potential impacts of cooling water intake structures located in or near habitat areas that support threatened, endangered, or other protected species or where local fishery is active.

Conventional intake structures include traveling screens with relative high through-screen velocities and no fish handling or 17 The availability of water and impact of water use may affect the choice of FGD


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return system.18 Measures to prevent, minimize, and control environmental impacts associated with water withdrawal should be established based on the results of a project EA, considering the availability and use of water resources locally and the ecological characteristics of the project affected area. Recommended management measures to prevent or control impacts to water resources and aquatic habitats include19:

• Conserving water resources, particularly in areas with limited water resources, by: o Use of a closed-cycle, recirculating cooling water

system (e.g., natural or forced draft cooling tower), or closed circuit dry cooling system (e.g., air cooled condensers) if necessary to prevent unacceptable adverse impacts. Cooling ponds or cooling towers are the primary technologies for a recirculating cooling water system. Once-through cooling water systems may be acceptable if compatible with the hydrology and ecology of the water source and the receiving water and may be the preferred or feasible alternative for certain pollution control technologies such as seawater scrubbers

o Use of dry scrubbers in situations where these controls are also required or recycling of wastewater in coal-fired plants for use as FGD makeup

o Use of air-cooled systems

• Reduction of maximum through-screen design intake velocity to 0.5 ft/s;

• Reduction of intake flow to the following levels: o For freshwater rivers or streams to a flow sufficient to

maintain resource use (i.e., irrigation and fisheries) as well as biodiversity during annual mean low flow conditions20

system used (i.e., wet vs. semi-dry). 18 The velocity generally considered suitable for the management of debris is 1 fps [0.30 m/s] with wide mesh screens; a standard mesh for power plants of 3/8 in (9.5 mm). 19 For additional information refer to Schimmoller (2004) and USEPA (2001). 20 Stream flow requirements may be based on mean annual flow or mean low flow. Regulatory requirements may be 5% or higher for mean annual flows and 10% to

o For lakes or reservoirs, intake flow must not disrupt the thermal stratification or turnover pattern of the source water

o For estuaries or tidal rivers, reduction of intake flow to 1% of the tidal excursion volume

• If there are threatened, endangered, or other protected species or if there are fisheries within the hydraulic zone of influence of the intake, reduction of impingement and entrainment of fish and shellfish by the installation of technologies such as barrier nets (seasonal or year-round), fish handling and return systems, fine mesh screens, wedgewire screens, and aquatic filter barrier systems. Examples of operational measures to reduce impingement and entrainment include seasonal shutdowns, if necessary, or reductions in flow or continuous use of screens. Designing the location of the intake structure in a different direction or further out into the water body may also reduce impingement and entrainment.

Effluents Effluents from thermal power plants include thermal discharges, wastewater effluents, and sanitary wastewater.

Thermal Discharges As noted above, thermal power plants with steam-powered generators and once-through cooling systems use significant volume of water to cool and condense the steam for return to the boiler. The heated water is normally discharged back to the source water (i.e., river, lake, estuary, or the ocean) or the nearest surface water body. In general, thermal discharge should be designed to ensure that discharge water temperature does not result in exceeding relevant ambient water quality temperature standards outside a scientifically established mixing zone. The mixing zone is typically defined as the zone where initial dilution of a discharge takes place within which relevant water quality 25% for mean low flows. Their applicability should be verified on a site-specific


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temperature standards are allowed to exceed and takes into account cumulative impact of seasonal variations, ambient water quality, receiving water use, potential receptors and assimilative capacity among other considerations. Establishment of such a mixing zone is project specific and may be established by local regulatory agencies and confirmed or updated through the project's environmental assessment process. Where no regulatory standard exists, the acceptable ambient water temperature change will be established through the environmental assessment process. Thermal discharges should be designed to prevent negative impacts to the receiving water taking into account the following criteria:

• The elevated temperature areas because of thermal discharge from the project should not impair the integrity of the water body as a whole or endanger sensitive areas (such as recreational areas, breeding grounds, or areas with sensitive biota);

• There should be no lethality or significant impact to breeding and feeding habits of organisms passing through the elevated temperature areas;

• There should be no significant risk to human health or the environment due to the elevated temperature or residual levels of water treatment chemicals.

If a once-through cooling system is used for large projects (i.e., a plant with > 1,200MWth steam generating capacity), impacts of thermal discharges should be evaluated in the EA with a mathematical or physical hydrodynamic plume model, which can be a relatively effective method for evaluating a thermal discharge to find the maximum discharge temperatures and flow rates that would meet the environmental objectives of the receiving water.21

basis taking into consideration resource use and biodiversity requirements. 21 An example model is CORMIX (Cornell Mixing Zone Expert System) hydrodynamic mixing zone computer simulation, which has been developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. This model emphasizes predicting the site- and discharge-specific geometry and dilution characteristics to assess the environmental effects of a proposed discharge.

Recommendations to prevent, minimize, and control thermal discharges include:

• Use of multi-port diffusers;

• Adjustment of the discharge temperature, flow, outfall location, and outfall design to minimize impacts to acceptable level (i.e., extend length of discharge channel before reaching the surface water body for pre-cooling or change location of discharge point to minimize the elevated temperature areas);

• Use of a closed-cycle, recirculating cooling water system as described above (e.g., natural or forced draft cooling tower), or closed circuit dry cooling system (e.g., air cooled condensers) if necessary to prevent unacceptable adverse impacts. Cooling ponds or cooling towers are the primary technologies for a recirculating cooling water system.

Liquid Waste The wastewater streams in a thermal power plant include cooling tower blowdown; ash handling wastewater; wet FGD system discharges; material storage runoff; metal cleaning wastewater; and low-volume wastewater, such as air heater and precipitator wash water, boiler blowdown, boiler chemical cleaning waste, floor and yard drains and sumps, laboratory wastes, and backflush from ion exchange boiler water purification units. All of these wastewaters are usually present in plants burning coal or biomass; some of these streams (e.g., ash handling wastewater) may be present in reduced quantities or may not be present at all in oil-fired or gas-fired power plants. The characteristics of the wastewaters generated depend on the ways in which the water has been used. Contamination arises from demineralizers; lubricating and auxiliary fuel oils; trace contaminants in the fuel (introduced through the ash-handling wastewater and wet FGD system discharges); and chlorine, biocides, and other chemicals used to manage the quality of water in cooling systems. Cooling tower blowdown tends to be very high in total dissolved solids but is generally classified as non-contact cooling water and, as such,



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is typically subject to limits for pH, residual chlorine, and toxic chemicals that may be present in cooling tower additives (including corrosion inhibiting chemicals containing chromium and zinc whose use should be eliminated).

Recommended water treatment and wastewater conservation methods are discussed in Sections 1.3 and 1.4, respectively, of the General EHS Guidelines. In addition, recommended measures to prevent, minimize, and control wastewater effluents from thermal power plants include:

• Recycling of wastewater in coal-fired plants for use as FGD makeup. This practice conserves water and reduces the number of wastewater streams requiring treatment and discharge22;

• In coal-fired power plants without FGD systems, treatment of process wastewater in conventional physical-chemical treatment systems for pH adjustment and removal of total suspended solids (TSS), and oil / grease, at a minimum. Depending on local regulations, these treatment systems can also be used to remove most heavy metals to part-per-billion (ppb) levels by chemical precipitation as either metal hydroxide or metal organosulfide compounds;

• Collection of fly ash in dry form and bottom ash in drag chain conveyor systems in new coal-fired power plants;

• Consider use of soot blowers or other dry methods to remove fireside wastes from heat transfer surfaces so as to minimize the frequency and amount of water used in fireside washes;

• Use of infiltration and runoff control measures such as compacted soils, protective liners, and sedimentation controls for runoff from coal piles;

• Spraying of coal piles with anionic detergents to inhibit bacterial growth and minimize acidity of leachate;23

22 Suitable wastewater streams for reuse include gypsum wash water, which is a different wastewater stream than the FGD wastewater. In plants that produce marketable gypsum, the gypsum is rinsed to remove chloride and other undesirable trace elements. 23 If coal pile runoff will be used as makeup to the FGD system, anionic detergents

• Use of SOX removal systems that generate less wastewater, if feasible; however, the environmental and cost characteristics of both inputs and wastes should be assessed on a case-by-case basis;

• Treatment of low-volume wastewater streams that are typically collected in the boiler and turbine room sumps in conventional oil-water separators before discharge;

• Treatment of acidic low-volume wastewater streams, such as those associated with the regeneration of makeup demineralizer and deep-bed condensate polishing systems, by chemical neutralization in-situ before discharge;

• Pretreatment of cooling tower makeup water, installation of automated bleed/feed controllers, and use of inert construction materials to reduce chemical treatment requirements for cooling towers;

• Elimination of metals such as chromium and zinc from chemical additives used to control scaling and corrosion in cooling towers;

• Use the minimum required quantities of chlorinated biocides in place of brominated biocides or alternatively apply intermittent shock dosing of chlorine as opposed to continuous low level feed.

Sanitary Wastewater Sewage and other wastewater generated from washrooms, etc. are similar to domestic wastewater. Impacts and management of sanitary wastewater is addressed in Section 1.3 of the General EHS Guidelines.

Solid Wastes Coal-fired and biomass-fired thermal power plants generate the greatest amount of solid wastes due to the relatively high percentage of ash in the fuel.24 The large-volume coal

may increase or create foaming within the scrubber system. Therefore, use of anionic surfactants on coal piles should be evaluated on a case-by-case basis. 24 For example, a 500 MWe plant using coal with 2.5% sulfur (S), 16% ash, and 30,000 kilojoules per kilogram (kJ/kg) heat content will generate about 500 tons of



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combustion wastes (CCW) are fly ash, bottom ash, boiler slag, and FGD sludge. Biomass contains less sulfur; therefore FGD may not be necessary. Fluidized-bed combustion (FBC) boilers generate fly ash and bottom ash, which is called bed ash. Fly ash removed from exhaust gases makes up 60–85% of the coal ash residue in pulverized-coal boilers and 20% in stoker boilers. Bottom ash includes slag and particles that are coarser and heavier than fly ash. Due to the presence of sorbent material, FBC wastes have a higher content of calcium and sulfate and a lower content of silica and alumina than conventional coal combustion wastes. Low-volume solid wastes from coal-fired thermal power plants and other plants include coal mill rejects/pyrites, cooling tower sludge, wastewater treatment sludge, and water treatment sludge.

Oil combustion wastes include fly ash and bottom ash and are normally only generated in significant quantities when residual fuel oil is burned in oil-fired steam electric boilers. Other technologies (e.g., combustion turbines and diesel engines) and fuels (e.g., distillate oil) generate little or no solid wastes. Overall, oil combustion wastes are generated in much smaller quantities than the large-volume CCW discussed above. Gas-fired thermal power plants generate essentially no solid waste because of the negligible ash content, regardless of the combustion technology.

Metals are constituents of concern in both CCW and low-volume solid wastes. For example, ash residues and the dust removed from exhaust gases may contain significant levels of heavy metals and some organic compounds, in addition to inert materials.

Ash residues are not typically classified as a hazardous waste due to their inert nature.25 However, where ash residues are expected to contain potentially significant levels of heavy metals, radioactivity, or other potentially hazardous materials, they should be tested at the start of plant operations to verify their

solid waste per day. 25 Some countries may categorize fly ash as hazardous due to the presence of arsenic or radioactivity, precluding its use as a construction material.

classification as hazardous or non-hazardous according to local regulations or internationally recognized standards. Additional information about the classification and management of hazardous and non-hazardous wastes is presented in Section 1.6 of the General EHS Guidelines.

The high-volume CCWs wastes are typically managed in landfills or surface impoundments or, increasingly, may be applied to a variety of beneficial uses. Low-volume wastes are also managed in landfills or surface impoundments, but are more frequently managed in surface impoundments. Many coal-fired plants co-manage large-volume and low-volume wastes.

Recommended measures to prevent, minimize, and control the volume of solid wastes from thermal power plants include:

• Dry handling of the coal combustion wastes, in particular fly ash. Dry handling methods do not involve surface impoundments and, therefore, do not present the ecological risks identified for impoundments (e.g., metal uptake by wildlife);

• Recycling of CCWs in uses such as cement and other concrete products, construction fills (including structural fill, flowable fill, and road base), agricultural uses such as calcium fertilizers (provided trace metals or other potentially hazardous materials levels are within accepted thresholds), waste management applications, mining applications, construction materials (e.g., synthetic gypsum for plasterboard), and incorporation into other products provided the residues (such as trace metals and radioactivity) are not considered hazardous. Ensuring consistent quality of fuels and additives helps to ensure the CCWs can be recycled. If beneficial reuse is not feasible, disposal of CCW in permitted landfills with environmental controls such as run-on/run-off controls, liners, leachate collection systems, ground-water monitoring, closure controls, daily (or other operational) cover, and fugitive dust controls is recommended;



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• Dry collection of bottom ash and fly ash from power plants combusting heavy fuel oil if containing high levels of economically valuable metals such as vanadium and recycle for vanadium recovery (where economically viable) or disposal in a permitted landfill with environmental controls;

• Management of ash disposal and reclamation so as to minimize environmental impacts – especially the migration of toxic metals, if present, to nearby surface and groundwater bodies, in addition to the transport of suspended solids in surface runoff due to seasonal precipitation and flooding. In particular, construction, operation, and maintenance of surface impoundments should be conducted in accordance with internationally recognized standards.26, 27

• Reuse of sludge from treatment of waste waters from FGD plants. This sludge may be re-used in the FGD plant due to the calcium components. It can also be used as an additive in coal-fired plant combustion to improve the ash melting behavior

Hazardous Materials and Oil Hazardous materials stored and used at combustion facilities include solid, liquid, and gaseous waste-based fuels; air, water, and wastewater treatment chemicals; and equipment and facility maintenance chemicals (e.g., paint certain types of lubricants, and cleaners). Spill prevention and response guidance is addressed in Sections 1.5 and 3.7 of the General EHS Guidelines.

In addition, recommended measures to prevent, minimize, and control hazards associated with hazardous materials storage and handling at thermal power plants include the use of double-walled, underground pressurized tanks for storage of pure liquefied ammonia (e.g., for use as reagent for SCR) in quantities over 100

26 See, for example, U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration regulations at 30 CFR §§ 77.214 - 77.216. 27 Additional detailed guidance applicable to the prevention and control of impacts to soil and water resources from non-hazardous and hazardous solid waste disposal is presented in the World Bank Group EHS Guidelines for Waste Management Facilities.

m3; tanks of lesser capacity should be manufactured using annealing processes (EC 2006).

Noise Principal sources of noise in thermal power plants include the turbine generators and auxiliaries; boilers and auxiliaries, such as coal pulverizers; reciprocating engines; fans and ductwork; pumps; compressors; condensers; precipitators, including rappers and plate vibrators; piping and valves; motors; transformers; circuit breakers; and cooling towers. Thermal power plants used for base load operation may operate continually while smaller plants may operate less frequently but still pose a significant source of noise if located in urban areas.

Noise impacts, control measures, and recommended ambient noise levels are presented in Section 1.7 of the General EHS Guidelines. Additional recommended measures to prevent, minimize, and control noise from thermal power plants include:

• Siting new facilities with consideration of distances from the noise sources to the receptors (e.g., residential receptors, schools, hospitals, religious places) to the extent possible. If the local land use is not controlled through zoning or is not effectively enforced, examine whether residential receptors could come outside the acquired plant boundary. In some cases, it could be more cost effective to acquire additional land as buffer zone than relying on technical noise control measures, where possible;

• Use of noise control techniques such as: using acoustic machine enclosures; selecting structures according to their noise isolation effect to envelop the building; using mufflers or silencers in intake and exhaust channels; using sound-absorptive materials in walls and ceilings; using vibration isolators and flexible connections (e.g., helical steel springs and rubber elements); applying a carefully detailed design to prevent possible noise leakage through openings or to minimize pressure variations in piping;



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• Modification of the plant configuration or use of noise barriers such as berms and vegetation to limit ambient noise at plant property lines, especially where sensitive noise receptors may be present.

Noise propagation models may be effective tools to help evaluate noise management options such as alternative plant locations, general arrangement of the plant and auxiliary equipment, building enclosure design, and, together with the results of a baseline noise assessment, expected compliance with the applicable community noise requirements.

1.2 Occupational Health and Safety

Occupational health and safety risks and mitigation measures during construction, operation, and decommissioning of thermal power plants are similar to those at other large industrial facilities, and are addressed in Section 2.0 of the General EHS Guidelines. In addition, the following health and safety impacts are of particular concern during operation of thermal power plants:

• Non-ionizing radiation

• Heat

• Noise

• Confined spaces

• Electrical hazards

• Fire and explosion hazards

• Chemical hazards

• Dust

Non-ionizing radiation Combustion facility workers may have a higher exposure to electric and magnetic fields (EMF) than the general public due to working in proximity to electric power generators, equipment, and connecting high-voltage transmission lines. Occupational EMF exposure should be prevented or minimized through the preparation and implementation of an EMF safety program including the following components:

• Identification of potential exposure levels in the workplace, including surveys of exposure levels in new projects and the use of personal monitors during working activities;

• Training of workers in the identification of occupational EMF levels and hazards;

• Establishment and identification of safety zones to differentiate between work areas with expected elevated EMF levels compared to those acceptable for public exposure, limiting access to properly trained workers;

• Implementation of action plans to address potential or confirmed exposure levels that exceed reference occupational exposure levels developed by international organizations such as the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP), the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).28 Personal exposure monitoring equipment should be set to warn of exposure levels that are below occupational exposure reference levels (e.g., 50 percent). Action plans to address occupational exposure may include limiting exposure time through work rotation, increasing the distance between the source and the worker, when feasible, or the use of shielding materials.

Heat Occupational exposure to heat occurs during operation and maintenance of combustion units, pipes, and related hot equipment. Recommended prevention and control measures to address heat exposure at thermal power plants include:

• Regular inspection and maintenance of pressure vessels and piping;

• Provision of adequate ventilation in work areas to reduce heat and humidity;

28 The ICNIRP exposure guidelines for Occupational Exposure are listed in Section 2.2 of this Guideline.



WORLD BANK GROUP

• Reducing the time required for work in elevated temperature environments and ensuring access to drinking water;

• Shielding surfaces where workers come in close contact with hot equipment, including generating equipment, pipes etc;

• Use of warning signs near high temperature surfaces and personal protective equipment (PPE) as appropriate, including insulated gloves and shoes.

Noise Noise sources in combustion facilities include the turbine generators and auxiliaries; boilers and auxiliaries, such as pulverizers; diesel engines; fans and ductwork; pumps; compressors; condensers; precipitators, including rappers and plate vibrators; piping and valves; motors; transformers; circuit breakers; and cooling towers. Recommendations for reducing noise and vibration are discussed in Section 1.1, above. In addition, recommendations to prevent, minimize, and control occupational noise exposures in thermal power plants include:

• Provision of sound-insulated control rooms with noise levels below 60 dBA29;

• Design of generators to meet applicable occupational noise levels;

• Identify and mark high noise areas and require that personal noise protecting gear is used all the time when working in such high noise areas (typically areas with noise levels >85 dBA).

Confined Spaces Specific areas for confined space entry may include coal ash containers, turbines, condensers, and cooling water towers

29 Depending on the type and size of the thermal power plants, distance between control room and the noise emitting sources differs. CSA Z107.58 provides design guidelines for control rooms as 60 dBA. Large thermal power plants using steam boilers or combustion turbines tend to be quieter than 60 dBA. Reciprocating engine manufacturers recommend 65 to 70 dBA instead of 60 dBA (Euromot Position as of 9 May 2008). This guideline recommends 60 dBA as GIIP, with an understanding that up to 65 dBA can be accepted for reciprocating engine power plants if 60 dBA is economically difficult to achieve.

(during maintenance activities). Recommend confined space entry procedures are discussed in Section 2.8 of the General EHS Guidelines.

Electrical Hazards Energized equipment and power lines can pose electrical hazards for workers at thermal power plants. Recommended measures to prevent, minimize, and control electrical hazards at thermal power plants include:

• Consider installation of hazard warning lights inside electrical equipment enclosures to warn of inadvertent energization;

• Use of voltage sensors prior to and during workers' entrance into enclosures containing electrical components;

• Deactivation and proper grounding of live power equipment and distribution lines according to applicable legislation and guidelines whenever possible before work is performed on or proximal to them;

• Provision of specialized electrical safety training to those workers working with or around exposed components of electric circuits. This training should include, but not be limited to, training in basic electrical theory, proper safe work procedures, hazard awareness and identification, proper use of PPE, proper lockout/tagout procedures, first aid including CPR, and proper rescue procedures. Provisions should be made for periodic retraining as necessary.

Fire and Explosion Hazards Thermal power plants store, transfer, and use large quantities of fuels; therefore, careful handling is necessary to mitigate fire and explosion risks. In particular, fire and explosion hazards increase as the particle size of coal is reduced. Particle sizes of coal that can fuel a propagating explosion occur within thermal dryers, cyclones, baghouses, pulverized-fuel systems, grinding mills, and other process or conveyance equipment. Fire and explosion prevention management guidance is provided in Section 2.1 and



WORLD BANK GROUP

2.4 of the General EHS Guidelines. Recommended measures to prevent, minimize, and control physical hazards at thermal power plants include:

• Use of automated combustion and safety controls;

• Proper maintenance of boiler safety controls;

• Implementation of startup and shutdown procedures to minimize the risk of suspending hot coal particles (e.g., in the pulverizer, mill, and cyclone) during startup;

• Regular cleaning of the facility to prevent accumulation of coal dust (e.g., on floors, ledges, beams, and equipment);

• Removal of hot spots from the coal stockpile (caused by spontaneous combustion) and spread until cooled, never loading hot coal into the pulverized fuel system;

• Use of automated systems such as temperature gauges or carbon monoxide sensors to survey solid fuel storage areas to detect fires caused by self-ignition and to identify risk points.

Chemical Hazards Thermal power plants utilize hazardous materials, including ammonia for NOX control systems, and chlorine gas for treatment of cooling tower and boiler water. Guidance on chemical hazards management is provided in Section 2.4 of the General EHS Guidelines. Additional, recommended measures to prevent, minimize, and control physical hazards at thermal power plants include:

• Consider generation of ammonia on site from urea or use of aqueous ammonia in place of pure liquefied ammonia;

• Consider use of sodium hypochlorite in place of gaseous chlorine.

Dust Dust is generated in handing solid fuels, additives, and solid wastes (e.g., ash). Dust may contain silica (associated with

silicosis), arsenic (skin and lung cancer), coal dust (black lung), and other potentially harmful substances. Dust management guidance is provided in the Section 2.1 and 2.4 of the General EHS Guidelines. Recommended measures to prevent, minimize, and control occupational exposure to dust in thermal power plants include:

• Use of dust controls (e.g., exhaust ventilation) to keep dust below applicable guidelines (see Section 2) or wherever free silica levels in airborne dust exceed 1 percent;

• Regular inspection and maintenance of asbestos containing materials (e.g., insulation in older plants may contain asbestos) to prevent airborne asbestos particles.

1.3 Community Health and Safety

Many community health and safety impacts during the construction, operation, and decommissioning of thermal power plant projects are common to those of most infrastructure and industrial facilities and are discussed in Section 3.0 the General EHS Guidelines. In addition to these and other aspects covered in Section 1.1, the following community health and safety impacts may be of particular concern for thermal power plant projects:

• Water Consumption;

• Traffic Safety.

Water Consumption Boiler units require large amounts of cooling water for steam condensation and efficient thermal operation. The cooling water flow rate through the condenser is by far the largest process water flow, normally equating to about 98 percent of the total process water flow for the entire unit. In a once-through cooling water system, water is usually taken into the plant from surface waters, but sometimes ground waters or municipal supplies are used. The potential effects of water use should be assessed, as discussed in Section 3.1 of the General EHS Guidelines, to



WORLD BANK GROUP

ensure that the project does not compromise the availability of water for personal hygiene, agriculture, recreation, and other community needs.

Traffic Safety Operation of a thermal power plant will increase traffic volume, in particular for facilities with fuels transported via land and sea, including heavy trucks carrying fuel, additives, etc. The increased traffic can be especially significant in sparsely populate areas where some thermal power plants are located. Prevention and control of traffic-related injuries are discussed in Section 3.4 of the General EHS Guidelines. Water transport safety is covered in the EHS Guidelines for Shipping.



WORLD BANK GROUP

2.0 Performance Indicators and Monitoring

2.1 Environment

Emissions and Effluent Guidelines Effluent guidelines are described in Table 5. Emissions guidelines are described in Table 6. Effluent guidelines are applicable for direct discharges of treated effluents to surface waters for general use. Site-specific discharge levels may be established based on the availability and conditions in the use of publicly operated sewage collection and treatment systems or, if discharged directly to surface waters, on the receiving water use classification as described in the General EHS Guideline. Guideline values for process emissions and effluents in this sector are indicative of good international industry practice as reflected in standards of countries with recognized regulatory frameworks. These levels should be achieved, without dilution, at least 95 percent of the time that the plant or unit is operating, to be calculated as a proportion of annual operating hours. Deviation from these levels due to specific local project conditions should be justified in the environmental assessment.

Table 5 - Effluent Guidelines (To be applicable at relevant wastewater stream: e.g., from FGD

system, wet ash transport, washing boiler / air preheater and precipitator, boiler acid washing, regeneration of demineralizers

and condensate polishers, oil-separated water, site drainage, coal pile runoff, and cooling water)

Parameter mg/L, except pH and temp pH 6 – 9 TSS 50 Oil and grease 10 Total residual chlorine

0.2

Chromium - Total (Cr)

0.5

Copper (Cu) 0.5 Iron (Fe) 1.0 Zinc (Zn) 1.0 Lead (Pb) 0.5 Cadmium (Cd) 0.1 Mercury (Hg) 0.005 Arsenic (As) 0.5 Temperature increase by thermal discharge from cooling system

• Site specific requirement to be established by the EA.

• Elevated temperature areas due to discharge of once-through cooling water (e.g., 1 Celsius above, 2 Celsius above, 3 Celsius above ambient water temperature) should be minimized by adjusting intake and outfall design through the project specific EA depending on the sensitive aquatic ecosystems around the discharge point.

Note: Applicability of heavy metals should be determined in the EA. Guideline limits in the Table are from various references of effluent performance by thermal power plants.

Emissions levels for the design and operation of each project should be established through the EA process on the basis of country legislation and the recommendations provided in this guidance document, as applied to local conditions. The emissions levels selected should be justified in the EA.30 The maximum emissions levels given here can be consistently achieved by well-designed, well-operated, and well-maintained pollution control systems. In contrast, poor operating or maintenance procedures affect actual pollutant removal efficiency and may reduce it to well

30 For example, in cases where potential for acid deposition has been identified as a significant issue in the EA, plant design and operation should ensure that emissions mass loadings are effectively reduced to prevent or minimize such impacts.



WORLD BANK GROUP

below the design specification. Dilution of air emissions to achieve these guidelines is unacceptable. Compliance with ambient air quality guidelines should be assessed on the basis of good international industry practice (GIIP) recommendations.

As described in the General EHS Guidelines, emissions should not result in pollutant concentrations that reach or exceed relevant ambient quality guidelines and standards31 by applying national legislated standards, or in their absence, the current WHO Air Quality Guidelines32, or other internationally recognized sources33. Also, emissions from a single project should not contribute more than 25% of the applicable ambient air quality standards to allow additional, future sustainable development in the same airshed. 34

As described in the General EHS Guidelines, facilities or projects located within poor quality airsheds35, and within or next to areas established as ecologically sensitive (e.g., national parks), should ensure that any increase in pollution levels is as small as feasible, and amounts to a fraction of the applicable short-term and annual average air quality guidelines or standards as established in the project-specific environmental assessment.

Environmental Monitoring Environmental monitoring programs for this sector are presented in Table 7. Monitoring data should be analyzed and reviewed at regular intervals and compared with the operating standards so

31 Ambient air quality standards are ambient air quality levels established and published through national legislative and regulatory processes, and ambient quality guidelines refer to ambient quality levels primarily developed through clinical, toxicological, and epidemiological evidence (such as those published by the World Health Organization). 32 Available at World Health Organization (WHO). http://www.who.int/en 33 For example the United States National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) (http://www.epa.gov/air/criteria.html) and the relevant European Council Directives (Council Directive 1999/30/EC of 22 April 1999 / Council Directive 2002/3/EC of February 12 2002). 34 US EPA Prevention of Significant Deterioration Increments Limits applicable to non-degraded airsheds. 35 An airshed should be considered as having poor air quality if nationally legislated air quality standards or WHO Air Quality Guidelines are exceeded significantly.

that any necessary corrective actions can be taken. Examples of emissions, stack testing, ambient air quality, and noise monitoring recommendations applicable to power plants are provided in Table 7. Additional guidance on applicable sampling and analytical methods for emissions and effluents is provided in the General EHS Guidelines.

En

viro

nm

enta

l, H

ealt

h,

and

Saf

ety

Gu

idel

ines

THER

MAL

POW

ER P

LANT

S

DEC

EMB

ER 1

9, 2

008

20

W

ORLD

BAN

K GR

OUP

Tabl

e 6 (A

) - E

miss

ions

Gui

delin

es (i

n m

g/Nm

3 or a

s ind

icate

d) fo

r Rec

ipro

catin

g En

gine

No

te:

-

Guid

eline

s are

appl

icabl

e for

new

facil

ities

. -

EA m

ay ju

stify

mor

e stri

ngen

t or l

ess s

tring

ent l

imits

due

to am

bien

t env

ironm

ent,

tech

nica

l and

econ

omic

cons

ider

atio

ns p

rovid

ed th

ere i

s com

plian

ce w

ith ap

plica

ble a

mbi

ent a

ir qu

ality

stan

dard

s and

incr

emen

tal im

pact

s are

min

imize

d.

- Fo

r pro

jects

to re

habi

litat

e exis

ting

facil

ities

, cas

e-by

-cas

e em

issio

n re

quire

men

ts sh

ould

be e

stab

lishe

d by

the E

A co

nsid

erin

g (i)

the e

xistin

g em

issio

n lev

els an

d im

pact

s on

the

envir

onm

ent a

nd co

mm

unity

hea

lth, a

nd (i

i) co

st an

d te

chni

cal f

easib

ility o

f brin

ging

the e

xistin

g em

issio

n lev

els to

mee

t the

se n

ew fa

ciliti

es lim

its.

- EA

shou

ld d

emon

stra

te th

at em

issio

ns d

o no

t con

tribu

te a

signi

fican

t por

tion

to th

e atta

inm

ent o

f rele

vant

ambi

ent a

ir qu

ality

gui

delin

es o

r sta

ndar

ds, a

nd m

ore s

tring

ent l

imits

may

be

requ

ired.

Co

mbu

stio

n Te

chno

logy

/ Fue

l Pa

rticu

late

Matte

r (PM

) Su

lfur D

ioxid

e (SO

2) Ni

troge

n Ox

ides

(NOx

) Dr

y Gas

, Exc

ess

O 2 C

onte

nt (%

) Re

cipro

catin

g En

gine

ND

A DA

ND

A DA

ND

A DA

Natu

ral G

as

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

200 (

Spar

k Ign

ition)

40

0 (Du

al Fu

el)

(a)

200(

SI)

400 (

Dual

Fuel

/ CI

)

15%

Liqu

id F

uels

(Plan

t >50

MW

th to

<300

MW

th)

50

30

1,170

or us

e of

2% or

less

S fu

el 0.5

% S

1,4

60 (C

ompr

essio

n Ign

ition,

bore

size

diam

eter [

mm] <

400)

1,8

50 (C

ompr

essio

n Ign

ition,

bore

size

diam

eter [

mm] ≥

400)

2,0

00 (D

ual F

uel)

400

15%

Liqu

id F

uels

(Plan

t >/=3

00 M

Wth

) 50

30

58

5 or u

se of

1%

or le

ss S

fuel

0.2%

S

740 (

conti

ngen

t upo

n wate

r ava

ilabil

ity fo

r injec

tion)

40

0 15

%

Biof

uels

/ Gas

eous

Fue

ls ot

her t

han

Natu

ral G

as

50

30

N/A

N/A

30%

high

er lim

its th

an th

ose p

rovid

ed ab

ove f

or N

atura

l Gas

an

d Liqu

id Fu

els.

200 (

SI, N

atura

l Ga

s), 40

0 (oth

er)

15%

Gene

ral n

otes: -

MWth

= Me

gawa

tt the

rmal

input

on H

HV ba

sis; N

/A =

not a

pplic

able;

NDA

= N

on-d

egra

ded a

irshe

d; DA

= D

egra

ded a

irshe

d (po

or ai

r qua

lity);

Airsh

ed sh

ould

be co

nside

red a

s bein

g deg

rade

d if

natio

nally

legis

lated

air q

uality

stan

dard

s are

exce

eded

or, in

their

abse

nce,

if WHO

Air Q

uality

Guid

eline

s are

exce

eded

sign

ifican

tly; S

= su

lfur c

onten

t (ex

pres

sed a

s a pe

rcent

by m

ass);

Nm3 i

s at

one a

tmos

pher

ic pr

essu

re, 0

degr

ee C

elsius

; MW

th ca

tegor

y is t

o app

ly to

the en

tire fa

cility

cons

isting

of m

ultipl

e unit

s tha

t are

reas

onab

ly co

nside

red t

o be e

mitte

d fro

m a c

ommo

n stac

k. G

uideli

ne

limits

apply

to fa

cilitie

s ope

ratin

g mor

e tha

n 500

hour

s per

year

. Em

ission

leve

ls sh

ould

be ev

aluate

d on a

one h

our a

vera

ge ba

sis an

d be a

chiev

ed 95

% of

annu

al op

erati

ng ho

urs.

- (a

) Co

mpre

ssion

Ignit

ion (C

I) en

gines

may

requ

ire di

ffere

nt em

ission

s valu

es w

hich s

hould

be ev

aluate

d on a

case

-by-c

ase b

asis

throu

gh th

e EA

proc

ess.

Co

mpar

ison o

f the G

uideli

ne lim

its w

ith st

anda

rds o

f sele

cted c

ountr

ies / r

egion

(as o

f Aug

ust 2

008)

: -

Natur

al Ga

s-fire

d Rec

iproc

ating

Eng

ine –

NOx

o

Guide

line l

imits

: 200

(SI),

400 (

DF)

o

UK: 1

00 (C

I) , U

S: R

educ

e by 9

0% or

mor

e, or

alter

nativ

ely 1.

6 g/kW

h -

Liquid

Fue

ls-fire

d Rec

iproc

ating

Eng

ine –

NOx (

Plan

t >50

MW

th to

<300

MW

th)

o

Guide

line l

imits

: 1,46

0 (CI

, bor

e size

diam

eter <

400 m

m), 1

,850 (

CI, b

ore s

ize di

amete

r ≥ 40

0 mm)

, 2,00

0 (DF

) o

UK

: 300

(> 25

MW

th), In

dia: 1

,460 (

Urba

n are

a & ≤

75 M

We (

≈ 19

0 MW

th), R

ural

area

& ≤

150 M

We (

≈ 38

0 MW

th))

- Liq

uid F

uels-

fired R

ecipr

ocati

ng E

ngine

– NO

x (Pl

ant ≥

300 M

Wth)

o

Gu

idelin

e lim

its: 7

40 (c

ontin

gent

upon

wate

r ava

ilabil

ity fo

r injec

tion)

o

UK

: 300

(> 25

MW

th), In

dia: 7

40 (U

rban

area

& >

75MW

e (≈

190 M

Wth)

, Rur

al ar

ea &

> 15

0 MW

e (≈

380 M

Wth)

) -

Liquid

Fue

ls-fire

d Rec

iproc

ating

Eng

ine –

SO2

o

Guide

line l

imits

: 1,17

0 or u

se of

≤ 2%

S (P

lant >

50 M

Wth

to <3

00 M

Wth)

, 585

or us

e of ≤

1% S

(Plan

t ≥30

0 MW

th)

o

EU: U

se of

low

S fue

l oil o

r the

seco

ndar

y FGD

(IPC

C LC

P BR

EF),

HFO

S co

ntent ≤

1% (L

iquid

Fuel

Quali

ty Di

recti

ve),

US: U

se of

dies

el fue

l with

max

S of

500 p

pm (0

.05%

); EU

: Mar

ine

HFO

S co

ntent ≤

1.5%

(Liqu

id Fu

el Qu

ality

Dire

ctive

) use

d in S

Ox E

miss

ion C

ontro

l Are

as; In

dia: U

rban

(< 2%

S),

Rura

l (< 4%

S), O

nly di

esel

fuels

(HSD

, LDO

) sho

uld be

used

in U

rban

So

urce

: UK

(S2 1

.03 C

ombu

stion

Pro

cess

es: C

ompr

essio

n Ign

ition E

ngine

s, 50

MW

th an

d ove

r), In

dia (S

Ox/N

Ox E

miss

ion S

tanda

rds f

or D

iesel

Engin

es ≥

0.8 M

W),

EU (I

PCC

LCP

BREF

July

2006

), EU

(Liqu

id Fu

el Qu

ality

Dire

ctive

1999

/32/E

C am

ende

d by 2

005/3

3/EC)

, US

(NSP

S for

Stat

ionar

y Com

pres

sion I

gnitio

n Inte

rnal

Comb

ustio

n Eng

ine –

Final

Rule

– July

11, 2

006)

En

viro

nm

enta

l, H

ealt

h,

and

Saf

ety

Gu

idel

ines

THER

MAL

POW

ER P

LANT

S

DEC

EMB

ER 1

9, 2

008

21

W

ORLD

BAN

K GR

OUP

Tabl

e 6 (B

) - E

miss

ions

Gui

delin

es (i

n m

g/Nm

3 or a

s ind

icate

d) fo

r Com

bust

ion

Turb

ine

Note

:

- Gu

ideli

nes a

re ap

plica

ble f

or n

ew fa

ciliti

es.

- EA

may

just

ify m

ore s

tring

ent o

r les

s stri

ngen

t lim

its d

ue to

ambi

ent e

nviro

nmen

t, te

chni

cal a

nd ec

onom

ic co

nsid

erat

ions

pro

vided

ther

e is c

ompl

iance

with

ap

plica

ble a

mbi

ent a

ir qu

ality

stan

dard

s and

incr

emen

tal im

pact

s are

min

imize

d.

- Fo

r pro

jects

to re

habi

litat

e exis

ting

facil

ities

, cas

e-by

-cas

e em

issio

n re

quire

men

ts sh

ould

be e

stab

lishe

d by

the E

A co

nsid

erin

g (i)

the e

xistin

g em

issio

n lev

els an

d im

pact

s on

the e

nviro

nmen

t and

com

mun

ity h

ealth

, and

(ii)

cost

and

tech

nica

l fea

sibilit

y of b

ringi

ng th

e exis

ting

emiss

ion

levels

to m

eet t

hese

new

facil

ities

limits

. -

EA sh

ould

dem

onst

rate

that

emiss

ions

do

not c

ontri

bute

a sig

nific

ant p

ortio

n to

the a

ttain

men

t of r

eleva

nt am

bien

t air

quali

ty g

uide

lines

or s

tand

ards

, and

mor

e st

ringe

nt lim

its m

ay b

e req

uire

d.

Com

bust

ion

Tech

nolo

gy / F

uel

Parti

culat

e Ma

tter (

PM)

Sulfu

r Dio

xide (

SO2)

Nitro

gen

Oxid

es (N

Ox)

Dry G

as, E

xces

s O 2

Con

tent

(%)

Com

bust

ion

Turb

ine

NDA/

DA

NDA/

DA

Na

tura

l Gas

(all t

urbi

ne ty

pes o

f Uni

t > 50

MWth

) N/

A N/

A N/

A N/

A 51

(25 p

pm)

15%

Fuels

oth

er th

an N

atur

al Ga

s (U

nit >

> 50

MWth

)

50

30

Use o

f 1%

or

less S

fuel

Use o

f 0.5%

or

less

S fue

l

152 (

74 pp

m)a

15%

Gene

ral n

otes:

-

MWth

= Me

gawa

tt the

rmal

input

on H

HV ba

sis; N

/A =

not a

pplic

able;

NDA

= N

on-d

egra

ded a

irshe

d; DA

= D

egra

ded a

irshe

d (po

or ai

r qua

lity);

Airsh

ed sh

ould

be co

nside

red a

s bein

g deg

rade

d if

natio

nally

legis

lated

air q

uality

stan

dard

s are

exce

eded

or, in

their

abse

nce,

if WHO

Air Q

uality

Guid

eline

s are

exce

eded

sign

ifican

tly; S

= su

lfur c

onten

t (ex

pres

sed a

s a pe

rcent

by m

ass);

Nm3 i

s at

one a

tmos

pher

ic pr

essu

re, 0

degr

ee C

elsius

; MW

th ca

tegor

y is t

o app

ly to

single

units

; Guid

eline

limits

apply

to fa

cilitie

s ope

ratin

g mor

e tha

n 500

hour

s per

year

. Em

ission

leve

ls sh

ould

be

evalu

ated o

n a on

e hou

r ave

rage

basis

and b

e ach

ieved

95%

of an

nual

oper

ating

hour

s. -

If sup

pleme

ntal fi

ring i

s use

d in a

comb

ined c

ycle

gas t

urbin

e mod

e, the

relev

ant g

uideli

ne lim

its fo

r com

busti

on tu

rbine

s sho

uld be

achie

ved i

nclud

ing em

ission

s fro

m tho

se su

pplem

ental

firing

units

(e

.g., d

uct b

urne

rs).

- (a

) Tec

hnolo

gical

differ

ence

s (for

exam

ple th

e use

of A

erod

eriva

tives

) may

requ

ire di

ffere

nt em

ission

s valu

es w

hich s

hould

be ev

aluate

d on a

case

s-by-c

ase b

asis

throu

gh th

e EA

proc

ess b

ut wh

ich

shou

ld no

t exc

eed 2

00 m

g/Nm3

. Co

mpar

ison o

f the G

uideli

ne lim

its w

ith st

anda

rds o

f sele

cted c

ountr

ies / r

egion

(as o

f Aug

ust 2

008)

: -

Natur

al Ga

s-fire

d Com

busti

on T

urbin

e – N

Ox

o

Guide

line l

imits

: 51 (

25 pp

m)

o

EU: 5

0 (24

ppm)

, 75 (

37 pp

m) (if

comb

ined c

ycle

effici

ency

> 55

%),

50*η

/ 35 (

wher

e η =

simp

le cy

cle e

fficien

cy)

o

US: 2

5 ppm

(> 50

MMB

tu/h (≈

14.6

MWth)

and ≤

850 M

MBtu/

h (≈

249M

Wth)

), 15

ppm

(> 85

0 MMB

tu/h (

≈ 24

9 MW

th))

o

(Note

: fur

ther r

educ

ed N

Ox pp

m in

the ra

nge o

f 2 to

9 pp

m is

typica

lly re

quire

d thr

ough

air p

ermi

t) -

Liquid

Fue

l-fire

d Com

busti

on T

urbin

e – N

Ox

o

Guide

line l

imits

: 152

(74 p

pm) –

Hea

vy D

uty F

rame

Tur

bines

& LF

O/HF

O, 30

0 (14

6 ppm

) – A

erod

eriva

tives

& H

FO, 2

00 (9

7 ppm

) – A

erod

eriva

tives

& LF

O o

EU

: 120

(58 p

pm),

US: 7

4 ppm

(> 50

MMB

tu/h (≈

14.6

MWth)

and ≤

850 M

MBtu/

h (≈

249M

Wth)

), 42

ppm

(> 85

0 MMB

tu/h (

≈ 24

9 MW

th))

- Liq

uid F

uel-fi

red C

ombu

stion

Tur

bine –

SOx

o

Gu

idelin

e lim

its: U

se of

1% or

less

S fu

el o

EU

: S co

ntent

of lig

ht fue

l oil u

sed i

n gas

turb

ines b

elow

0.1%

/ U

S: S

conte

nt of

abou

t 0.05

% (c

ontin

ental

area

) and

0.4%

(non

-conti

nenta

l are

a)

Sour

ce: E

U (L

CP D

irecti

ve 20

01/80

/EC

Octob

er 23

2001

), EU

(Liqu

id Fu

el Qu

ality

Dire

ctive

1999

/32/E

C, 20

05/33

/EC)

, US

(NSP

S for

Stat

ionar

y Com

busti

on T

urbin

es, F

inal R

ule –

July

6, 20

06)

En

viro

nm

enta

l, H

ealt

h,

and

Saf

ety

Gu

idel

ines

THER

MAL

POW

ER P

LANT

S

DEC

EMB

ER 1

9, 2

008

22

W

ORLD

BAN

K GR

OUP

Tabl

e 6 (C

) - E

miss

ions

Gui

delin

es (i

n m

g/Nm

3 or a

s ind

icate

d) fo

r Boi

ler

Note

:

- Gu

ideli

nes a

re ap

plica

ble f

or n

ew fa

ciliti

es.

- EA

may

just

ify m

ore s

tring

ent o

r les

s stri

ngen

t lim

its d

ue to

ambi

ent e

nviro

nmen

t, te

chni

cal a

nd ec

onom

ic co

nsid

erat

ions

pro

vided

ther

e is c

ompl

iance

with

ap

plica

ble a

mbi

ent a

ir qu

ality

stan

dard

s and

incr

emen

tal im

pact

s are

min

imize

d.

- Fo

r pro

jects

to re

habi

litat

e exis

ting

facil

ities

, cas

e-by

-cas

e em

issio

n re

quire

men

ts sh

ould

be e

stab

lishe

d by

the E

A co

nsid

erin

g (i)

the e

xistin

g em

issio

n lev

els an

d im

pact

s on

the e

nviro

nmen

t and

com

mun

ity h

ealth

, and

(ii)

cost

and

tech

nica

l fea

sibilit

y of b

ringi

ng th

e exis

ting

emiss

ion

levels

to m

eet t

hese

new

facil

ities

limits

. -

EA sh

ould

dem

onst

rate

that

emiss

ions

do

not c

ontri

bute

a sig

nific

ant p

ortio

n to

the a

ttain

men

t of r

eleva

nt am

bien

t air

quali

ty g

uide

lines

or s

tand

ards

, and

mor

e st

ringe

nt lim

its m

ay b

e req

uire

d.

Com

bust

ion

Tech

nolo

gy / F

uel

Parti

culat

e Ma

tter (

PM)

Sulfu

r Dio

xide (

SO2)

Nitro

gen

Oxid

es (N

Ox)

Dry G

as, E

xces

s O 2

Con

tent

(%)

Boile

r ND

A DA

ND

A DA

ND

A DA

Natu

ral G

as

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

240

240

3%

Othe

r Gas

eous

Fue

ls 50

30

40

0 40

0 24

0 24

0 3%

Liqu

id F

uels

(Plan

t >50

MW

th to

<600

MW

th)

50

30

900 –

1,50

0a 40

0 40

0 20

0 3%

Liqu

id F

uels

(Plan

t >/=6

00 M

Wth

) 50

30

20

0 – 85

0b 20

0 40

0 20

0 3%

Solid

Fue

ls (P

lant >

50 M

Wth

to <6

00 M

Wth

) 50

30

90

0 – 1,

500a

400

6%

Solid

Fue

ls (P

lant >

/=600

MW

th)

50

30

200 –

850b

200

510c

Or up

to 1,

100 i

f vola

tile m

atter

of fu

el <

10%

20

0 6%

Ge

nera

l note

s:

- MW

th =

Mega

watt t

herm

al inp

ut on

HHV

basis

; N/A

= no

t app

licab

le; N

DA =

Non

-deg

rade

d airs

hed;

DA =

Deg

rade

d airs

hed (

poor

air q

uality

); Ai

rshed

shou

ld be

cons

idere

d as b

eing d

egra

ded i

f na

tiona

lly le

gislat

ed ai

r qua

lity st

anda

rds a

re ex

ceed

ed or

, in th

eir ab

senc

e, if W

HO A

ir Qua

lity G

uideli

nes a

re ex

ceed

ed si

gnific

antly

; CFB

= ci

rculat

ing flu

idize

d bed

coal-

fired;

PC =

pulve

rized

coal-

fired;

Nm3 i

s at o

ne at

mosp

heric

pres

sure

, 0 de

gree

Cels

ius; M

Wth

categ

ory i

s to a

pply

to the

entire

facil

ity co

nsist

ing of

mult

iple u

nits t

hat a

re re

ason

ably

cons

idere

d to b

e emi

tted f

rom

a com

mon

stack

. Guid

eline

limits

apply

to fa

cilitie

s ope

ratin

g mor

e tha

n 500

hour

s per

year

. Emi

ssion

leve

ls sh

ould

be ev

aluate

d on a

one h

our a

vera

ge ba

sis an

d be a

chiev

ed 95

% of

annu

al op

erati

ng ho

urs.

- a.

Targ

eting

the l

ower

guide

lines

value

s and

reco

gnizi

ng is

sues

relat

ed to

quali

ty of

avail

able

fuel, c

ost e

ffecti

vene

ss of

contr

ols on

small

er un

its, a

nd th

e pote

ntial

for hi

gher

ener

gy co

nver

sion

effici

encie

s (FG

D ma

y con

sume

betw

een 0

.5% an

d 1.6%

of el

ectric

ity ge

nera

ted by

the p

lant).

b. T

arge

ting t

he lo

wer g

uideli

nes v

alues

and r

ecog

nizing

varia

bility

in ap

proa

ches

to th

e man

agem

ent o

f SO

2 emi

ssion

s (fue

l qua

lity vs

. use

of se

cond

ary c

ontro

ls) an

d the

poten

tial fo

r high

er en

ergy

conv

ersio

n effic

iencie

s (FG

D ma

y con

sume

betw

een 0

.5% an

d 1.6%

of el

ectric

ity ge

nera

ted by

the p

lant).

La

rger

plan

ts ar

e exp

ected

to ha

ve ad

dition

al em

ission

contr

ol me

asur

es. S

electi

on of

the e

miss

ion le

vel in

the r

ange

is to

be de

termi

ned b

y EA

cons

iderin

g the

proje

ct’s s

ustai

nabil

ity, d

evelo

pmen

t im

pact,

and c

ost-b

enefi

t of th

e poll

ution

contr

ol pe

rform

ance

. c. S

toker

boile

rs ma

y req

uire d

iffere

nt em

ission

s valu

es w

hich s

hould

be ev

aluate

d on a

case

-by-c

ase b

asis

throu

gh th

e EA

proc

ess.

Co

mpar

ison o

f the G

uideli

ne lim

its w

ith st

anda

rds o

f sele

cted c

ountr

ies / r

egion

(as o

f Aug

ust 2

008)

: -

Natur

al Ga

s-fire

d Boil

er –

NOx

o

Guide

line l

imits

: 240

o

EU

: 150

(50 t

o 300

MW

th), 2

00 (>

300 M

Wth)

-

Solid

Fue

ls-fire

d Boil

er -

PM

o

Guide

line l

imits

: 50

o

EU: 5

0 (50

to 10

0 MW

th), 3

0 (>

100 M

Wth)

, Chin

a: 50

, India

: 100

- 15

0 -

Solid

Fue

ls-fire

d Boil

er –

SO2

o

Guide

line l

imits

: 900

– 1,5

00 (P

lant >

50 M

Wth

to <

600 M

Wth)

, 200

– 85

0 (Pl

ant ≥

600 M

Wth)

o

EU

: 850

(50 –

100 M

Wth)

, 200

(> 10

0 MW

th)

o

US: 1

80 ng

/J gr

oss e

nerg

y outp

ut OR

95%

redu

ction

(≈

200 m

g/Nm3

at 6%

O 2 as

sumi

ng 38

% H

HV ef

ficien

cy)

o

China

: 400

(gen

eral)

, 800

(if us

ing co

al <

12,55

0 kJ/k

g), 1

,200 (

if mine

-mou

th pla

nt loc

ated i

n non

-dou

ble co

ntrol

area

of w

ester

n reg

ion an

d bur

ning l

ow S

coal

(<0.5

%))

Sour

ce: E

U (L

CP D

irecti

ve 20

01/80

/EC

Octob

er 23

2001

), US

(NSP

S for

Elec

tric U

tility

Stea

m Ge

nera

ting U

nits (

Subp

art D

a), F

inal R

ule –

June

13, 2

007)

, Chin

a (GB

1322

3-20

03)

En

viro

nm

enta

l, H

ealt

h,

and

Saf

ety

Gu

idel

ines

THER

MAL

POW

ER P

LANT

S

DEC

EMB

ER 1

9, 2

008

23

W

ORLD

BAN

K GR

OUP

Tabl

e 7 –

Typi

cal A

ir Em

issio

n Mo

nito

ring

Para

met

ers /

Fre

quen

cy fo

r The

rmal

Powe

r Plan

ts

(Not

e: D

etail

ed m

onito

ring

prog

ram

s sho

uld

be d

eter

min

ed b

ased

on

EA)

Emiss

ion

Moni

torin

g St

ack E

miss

ion

Test

ing

Com

bust

ion

Tech

nolo

gy /

Fuel

Parti

culat

e Ma

tter (

PM)

Sulfu

r Dio

xide

(SO 2

) Ni

troge

n Ox

ides

(N

Ox)

PM

SO2

NOx

Heav

y Met

als

Ambi

ent A

ir Qu

ality

No

ise

Recip

roca

ting

Engi

ne

Natu

ral G

as (P

lant >

50

MWth

to <3

00 M

Wth

) N/

A N/

A Co

ntinu

ous

or

indica

tive

N/A

N/A

Annu

al N/

A

Natu

ral G

as (P

lant >

/= 30

0 MW

th)

N/A

N/A

Conti

nuou

s N/

A N/

A An

nual

N/A

Liqu

id (P

lant >

50 M

Wth

to

<300

MW

th)

Conti

nuou

s or

indica

tive

Conti

nuou

s or

indica

tive

Liqu

id (P

lant >

/=300

MW

th)

Conti

nuou

s or

indica

tive

Conti

nuou

s if F

GD

is us

ed or

mon

itor

by S

conte

nt.

Conti

nuou

s An

nual

Biom

ass

Conti

nuou

s or

indica

tive

N/A

Conti

nuou

s or

indica

tive

Annu

al N/

A An

nual

N/A

Com

bust

ion

Turb

ine

Natu

ral G

as (a

ll tur

bine

ty

pes o

f Uni

t > 50

MWth

) N/

A N/

A Co

ntinu

ous o

r ind

icativ

e N/

A N/

A An

nual

N/A

Fuels

oth

er th

an N

atur

al Ga

s (Un

it >

50MW

th)

Conti

nuou

s or

indica

tive

Conti

nuou

s if F

GD

is us

ed or

mon

itor

by S

conte

nt.

Conti

nuou

s or

indica

tive

Annu

al

Boile

r

N/A

N/A

Annu

al N/

A Na

tura

l Gas

N/

A N/

A Co

ntinu

ous o

r ind

icativ

e An

nual

Annu

al An

nual

N/A

Othe

r Gas

eous

fuels

Ind

icativ

e Ind

icativ

e Co

ntinu

ous o

r ind

icativ

e

Liqu

id (P

lant >

50 M

Wth

to

<600

MW

th)

Conti

nuou

s if F

GD

is us

ed or

mon

itor

by S

conte

nt.

Conti

nuou

s or

ind

icativ

e

Liqu

id (P

lant >

=600

MW

th)

Conti

nuou

s

Solid

(Plan

t >50

MW

th to

<6

00 M

Wth

) Co

ntinu

ous i

f FGD

is

used

or m

onito

r by

S C

onten

t.

Conti

nuou

s or

indica

tive

Solid

(Plan

t >/=6

00 M

Wth

)

Conti

nuou

s or

indica

tive

Conti

nuou

s

Annu

al

If inc

reme

ntal im

pacts

pred

icted

by E

A >/

= 25

% of

relev

ant s

hort-

term

ambie

nt air

qu

ality

stand

ards

or if

the pl

ant >

/= 1,

200

MWth:

- M

onito

r par

amete

rs (e

.g.,

PM10

/PM 2

.5/SO 2

/NOx

to be

cons

isten

t with

the

relev

ant a

mbien

t air q

uality

stan

dard

s) by

conti

nuou

s amb

ient a

ir qua

lity

monit

oring

syste

m (ty

picall

y a m

inimu

m of

2 sys

tems t

o cov

er pr

edict

ed m

axim

um

grou

nd le

vel c

once

ntrati

on po

int / s

ensit

ive

rece

ptor /

back

grou

nd po

int).

If inc

reme

ntal im

pacts

pred

icted

by E

A <

25%

of re

levan

t sho

rt ter

m am

bient

air

quali

ty sta

ndar

ds an

d if th

e fac

ility <

1,20

0 MW

th bu

t >/=

100 M

Wth

- Mon

itor p

aram

eters

eithe

r by p

assiv

e sa

mpler

s (mo

nthly

aver

age)

or by

se

ason

al ma

nual

samp

ling (

e.g., 1

we

eks/s

easo

n) fo

r par

amete

rs co

nsist

ent

with

the re

levan

t air q

uality

stan

dard

s.

Effec

tiven

ess o

f the a

mbien

t air q

uality

mo

nitor

ing pr

ogra

m sh

ould

be re

viewe

d re

gular

ly. It

could

be si

mplifi

ed or

redu

ced

if alte

rnati

ve pr

ogra

m is

deve

loped

(e.g.

, loc

al go

vern

ment’

s mon

itorin

g netw

ork).

Co

ntinu

ation

of th

e pro

gram

is

reco

mmen

ded d

uring

the l

ife of

the p

rojec

t if t

here

are s

ensit

ive re

cepto

rs or

if mo

nitor

ed le

vels

are n

ot far

below

the

relev

ant a

mbien

t air q

uality

stan

dard

s.

If EA

pred

icts

noise

leve

ls at

resid

entia

l re

cepto

rs or

othe

r se

nsitiv

e rec

eptor

s ar

e clos

e to t

he

relev

ant a

mbien

t no

ise st

anda

rds /

gu

idelin

es, o

r if

there

are s

uch

rece

ptors

close

to

the pl

ant b

ound

ary

(e.g.

, with

in 10

0m)

then,

cond

uct

ambie

nt no

ise

monit

oring

ever

y ye

ar to

thre

e yea

rs de

pend

ing on

the

proje

ct cir

cums

tance

s.

Elim

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2.2 Occupational Health and Safety

Occupational Health and Safety Guidelines Occupational health and safety performance should be evaluated against internationally published exposure guidelines, of which examples include the Threshold Limit Value (TLV®) occupational exposure guidelines and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs®) published by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH),36 the Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards published by the United States National Institute for Occupational Health and Safety (NIOSH),37 Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs) published by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration of the United States (OSHA),38 Indicative Occupational Exposure Limit Values published by European Union member states,39 or other similar sources.

Additional indicators specifically applicable to electric power sector activities include the ICNIRP exposure limits for occupational exposure to electric and magnetic fields listed in Table 8. Additional applicable indicators such as noise, electrical hazards, air quality, etc. are presented in Section 2.0 of the General EHS Guidelines.

Source: ICNIRP (1998) : “Guidelines for limiting exposure to time-varying electric, magnetic, and electromagnetic fields (up to 300 GHz)

36 http://www.acgih.org/TLV/36 Available at: http://www.acgih.org/TLV/ and http://www.acgih.org/store/ 37 Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/ 38 Available at: http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=9992 39 Available at: http://europe.osha.eu.int/good_practice/risks/ds/oel/

Accident and Fatality Rates Projects should try to reduce the number of accidents among project workers (whether directly employed or subcontracted) to a rate of zero, especially accidents that could result in lost work time, different levels of disability, or even fatalities. The accident and fatality rates of the specific facility may be benchmarked against the performance of facilities in this sector in developed countries through consultation with published sources (e.g., US Bureau of Labor Statistics and UK Health and Safety Executive)40.

Occupational Health and Safety Monitoring The working environment should be monitored for occupational hazards relevant to the specific project. Monitoring should be designed and implemented by accredited professionals41 as part of an occupational health and safety monitoring program. Facilities should also maintain a record of occupational accidents and diseases and dangerous occurrences and accidents. Additional guidance on occupational health and safety monitoring programs is provided in the General EHS Guidelines.

40 Available at: http://www.bls.gov/iif/ and http://www.hse.gov.uk/statistics/index.htm 41 Accredited professionals may include Certified Industrial Hygienists, Registered Occupational Hygienists, or Certified Safety Professionals or their equivalent.

Table 8 - ICNIRP exposure limits for occupational exposure to electric and magnetic fields.

Frequency Electric Field (V/m) Magnetic Field (µT)

50 Hz 10,000 500

60 Hz 8300 415



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3.0 References and Additional Sources

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) E 1686-02, Standard Guide for Selection of Environmental Noise Measurements and Criteria, January 2003.

ANZECC (Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council). 1992. National water quality management strategy: Australian water quality guidelines for fresh and marine waters. ISBN 0-642-18297-3. Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council. Canberra Act 2600. New Zealand.

Commission of European Communities (CEC). 1988. European community environmental legislation: 1967-1987. Document Number XI/989/87. Directorate-General for Environment, Consumer Protection and Nuclear Safety. Brussels, Belgium. 229 pp.

Euromot. 2006. World Bank – International Finance Corporation General Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines. Position Paper. November 2006.

European Commission (EC), 2001. Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPCC) Reference Document on the Application of Best Available Techniques to Industrial Cooling Systems, December 2001

European Commission (EC). 2006. Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control Reference Document on Best Available Techniques (BREF) for Large Combustion Plants. July 2006.

G. G. Oliver and L. E. Fidler, Aspen Applied Sciences Ltd., Towards a Water Quality Guideline for Temperature in the Province of British Columbia, March 2001.

International Energy Agency. 2007. Fossil Fuel-Fired power Generation. Case Studies of Recently Constructed Coal- and Gas-Fired Power Plants.

International Organization for Standardization, ISO/DIS 1996-2.2, Acoustics – Description, assessment and measurement of environmental noise – Part 2: Determination of environmental noise levels.

Jamaica. 2006. The Natural Resources Conservation Authority Act. The Natural Resources Conservation Authority (Air Quality) Regulations, 2006.

NRC. 2002. Coal Waste Impoundments: Risks, Responses, and Alternatives. Committee on Coal Waste Impoundments, Committee on Earth Resources, Board on Earth Sciences and Resources, National Research Council. ISBN: 0-309-08251-X.

Official Journal of the European Communities. 2001. Directive 2001/80/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2001 on limitation of emissions of certain pollutants into the air from large combustion plants.

People’s Republic of China. 2003. National Standards of the People’s Republic of China. GB 13223-2003. Emission Standard of Air Pollutants for Thermal Power Plants. December 23, 2003.

Republic of the Philippines. 1999. DENR Administrative Order No. 2000-81. RA 8749: The Philippine Clean Air Act of f 1999 and its Implementing Rules and Regulations. December 2001.

Schimmoller, Brian K. 2004. "Section 316(b) Regulations: The Yin and Yang of Fish Survival and Power Plant Operation" Power Engineering/July 2004 p. 28.

Tavoulareas, E. Stratos, and Jean-Pierre Charpentier. 1995. Clean Coal Technologies for Developing Countries. World Bank Technical Paper 286, Energy Series. Washington, D.C.

The Gazette of India. 2002. Ministry of Environment and Forest Notification, New Delhi, the 9th of July, 2002. Emission Standards for Diesel Engines (Engine Rating More Than 0.8 MW (800kW) for Power Plant, Generator Set Applications and Other Requirements.

The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE), IEEE Guide for Power-Station Noise Control, IEEE Std. 640-1985, 1985

UNIPEDE / EURELECTRIC. 1997. Wastewater effluents Technology, Thermal Generation Study Committee. 20.04 THERCHIM 20.05 THERRES. April 1997.

UNIPEDE. 1998. Wastewater and water residue management – Regulations. Thermal Generation Study Committee. 20.05 THERRES. February 1998

U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) / National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL), 2007. Cost and Performance Baseline for Fossil Energy Plants

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 1994. Water Quality Standards Handbook: Second Edition (EPA-823-B94-005a) August 1994.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 1988d. State water quality standards summary: District of Columbia. EPA 440/5-88-041. Criteria and Standards Division (WH-585). Office of Water Regulations and Standards. Washington, District of Columbia. 7 pp.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 1997. EPA Office of Compliance Sector Notebook Project Profile of the Fossil Fuel Electric Power Generation Industry. EPA/310-R-97-007. September 1997.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2001. Federal Register / Vol. 66, No. 243, National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System: Regulations Addressing Cooling Water Intake Structures for New Facilities, December 18, 2001 pp. 65256 – 65345.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 2005. Control of Mercury Emissions from Coal Fired Electric Utility Boilers: An Update. Air Pollution Prevention and Control Division National Risk Management Research Laboratory Office of Research and Development.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 2006. Federal Register / Vol. 71, No. 129, Standards of Performance for Stationary Combustion Turbines; Final Rule, July 6, 2006 pp. 38482-38506.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 2006. Federal Register / Vol. 71, No. 132, Standards of Performance for Stationary Compression Ignition Internal Combustion Engines; Final Rule, July 11, 2006 pp. 39154-39184.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2006. Final Report. Environmental Footprints and Costs of Coal-Based Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle and Pulverized Coal technologies. July 2006.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2007. Federal Register / Vol. 72, No. 113, Amendments to New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) for Electric Utility Steam Generating Units and Industrial-commercial-Institutional Steam Generating Units; Final Rule, June 13, 2007 pp. 32710-32768

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 2008. Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 13, Standards of Performance for Stationary Spark Ignition Internal Combustion Engines and National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines; Final Rule. pp3568-3614

West Virginia Water Research Institute. 2005. Guidance Document for Coal Waste Impoundment Facilities & Coal Waste Impoundment Inspection Form. Morgantown, WV. December 2005.

WHO (World Health Organization). 2006. Air Quality Guidelines Global Update 2005, Particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen dioxide and sulphur dioxide.

World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe Copenhagen. 2000. Air quality guidelines for Europe, 2nd edition, 2000.

World Bank Group. Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook 1998.

World Bank April 2006. Clean Energy and Development: Towards an Investment Framework.

World Bank Group. Sep 2006. Technical and Economic Assessment of Off-Grid, Mini-Grid and Grid Electrification Technologies Summary Report.



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Annex A: General Description of Industry Activities

Thermal power plants burn fossil fuels or biomass to generate electrical energy and heat. Mechanical power is produced by a heat engine, which transforms thermal energy from combustion of a fossil fuel into rotational energy. A generator converts that mechanical energy into electrical energy by creating relative motion between a magnetic field and a conductor. Figure A-1 is a generalized flow diagram of a boiler-based thermal power plant and its associated operations.

Not all thermal energy can be transformed to mechanical power, according to the second law of thermodynamics. Therefore, thermal power plants also produce low-temperature heat. If no use is found for the heat, it is lost to the environment. If reject heat is employed as useful heat (e.g., for industrial processes or district heating), the power plant is referred to as a cogeneration power plant or CHP (combined heat-and-power) plant.

Types of Thermal power plants Thermal power plants can be divided based on the type of combustion or gasification: boilers, internal reciprocating engines, and combustion turbines. In addition, combined-cycle and cogeneration systems increase efficiency by utilizing heat lost by conventional combustion systems. The type of system is chosen based on the loads, the availability of fuels, and the energy requirements of the electric power generation facility. Other ancillary processes, such as coal processing and pollution control, must also be performed to support the generation of electricity. The following subsections describe each system and then discuss ancillary processes at the facility (USEPA 1997).

Boilers (Steam Turbines) Conventional steam-producing thermal power plants generate electricity through a series of energy conversion stages: fuel is burned in boilers to convert water to high-pressure steam, which is then used to drive a steam turbine to generate electricity. Heat for the

system is usually provided by the combustion of coal, natural gas, oil, or biomass as well as other types of waste or recovered fuel. High-temperature, high-pressure steam is generated in the boiler and then enters the steam turbine. At the other end of the steam turbine is the condenser, which is maintained at a low temperature and pressure. Steam rushing from the high-pressure boiler to the low-pressure condenser drives the turbine blades, which powers the electric generator.

Low-pressure steam exiting the turbine enters the condenser shell and is condensed on the condenser tubes, which are maintained at a low temperature by the flow of cooling water. As the steam is cooled to condensate, the condensate is transported by the boiler feedwater system back to the boiler, where it is used again. A constant flow of low-temperature cooling water in the condenser tubes is required to keep the condenser shell (steam side) at proper pressure and to ensure efficient electricity generation. Through the condensing process, the cooling water is warmed. If the cooling system is an open or a once-through system, this warm water is released back to the source water body.42 In a closed system, the warm water is cooled by recirculation through cooling towers, lakes, or ponds, where the heat is released into the air through evaporation and/or sensible heat transfer. If a recirculating cooling system is used, only a relatively small amount of make-up water is required to offset the evaporative losses and cooling tower blowdown that must be discharged periodically to control the build-up of solids. A recirculating system uses about one-twentieth the water of a once-through system.

Steam turbines typically have a thermal efficiency of about 35 percent, meaning that 35 percent of the heat of combustion is transformed into electricity. The remaining 65 percent of the heat either goes up the stack (typically 10 percent) or is 42 If groundwater is used for cooling, the cooling water is usually discharged to a



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discharged with the condenser cooling water (typically 55 percent).

Coal and lignite are the most common fuels in thermal power plants although heavy fuel oil is also used. Coal-fired steam generation systems are designed to use pulverized coal or crushed coal. Several types of coal-fired steam generators are in use, and are generally classified based on the characteristics of the coal fed to the burners and the mode of burning the coal. In fluidized-bed combustors, fuel materials are forced by gas into a state of buoyancy. The gas cushion between the solids allows the particles to move freely, thus flowing like a liquid. By using this technology, SO2 and NOX emissions are reduced because an SO2 sorbent, such as limestone, can be used efficiently. Also, because the operating temperature is low, the amount of NOX gases formed is lower than those produced using conventional technology.

Natural gas and liquid fuels are usually transported to thermal power plants via pipelines. Coal and biomass fuels can be transported by rail, barge, or truck. In some cases, coal is mixed with water to form slurry that can be pumped to the thermal power plant in a pipeline. Once coal arrives at the plant, it is unloaded to storage or directly to the stoker or hopper. In transporting coal during warmer months and in dry climates, dust suppression may be necessary.

Coal may be cleaned and prepared before being either crushed or pulverized. Impurities in coal such as ash, metals, silica, and sulfur can cause boiler fouling and slagging. Coal cleaning can be used to reduce sulfur in the coal to meet sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions regulations and also reduce ash content and the amount of heavy metals. Cleaning the coal is costly, but the cost can be at least partially offset by an increase in fuel efficiency, reduced emission control requirements, and lower waste management costs. Coal cleaning is typically performed

surface water body.

at the mine by using gravity concentration, flotation, or dewatering methods.

Coal is transported from the coal bunker or silo to be crushed, ground, and dried further before it is fired in the burner or combustion system. Many mechanisms can be used to grind the coal and prepare it for firing. Pulverizers, cyclones, and stokers are all used to grind and dry the coal. Increasing the coal’s particle surface area and decreasing its moisture content greatly boosting its heating capacity. Once prepared, the coal is transported within the plant to the combustion system. Devices at the bottom of the boilers catch ash and/or slag.

Reciprocating Engines Internal combustion engines convert the chemical energy of fuels (typically diesel fuel or heavy fuel oil) into mechanical energy in a design similar to a truck engine, and the mechanical energy is used to turn a generator. Two types of engines normally used: the medium-speed, four-stroke trunk piston engine and the low-speed, two-stroke crosshead engine. Both types of engine operate on the air-standard diesel thermodynamic cycle. Air is drawn or forced into a cylinder and is compressed by a piston. Fuel is injected into the cylinder and is ignited by the heat of the compression of the air. The burning mixture of fuel and air expands, pushing the piston. The products of combustion are then removed from the cylinder, completing the cycle.

The exhaust gases from an engine are affected by the load profile of the prime mover; ambient conditions such as air humidity and temperature; fuel oil quality, such as sulfur content, nitrogen content, viscosity, ignition ability, density, and ash content; and site conditions and the auxiliary equipment associated with the prime mover, such as cooling properties and exhaust gas back pressure. The engine parameters that affect NOX emissions are fuel injection in terms of timing, duration, and atomization; combustion air conditions, which are affected by



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valve timing, the charge air system, and charge air cooling before cylinders; and the combustion process, which is affected by air and fuel mixing, combustion chamber design, and the compression ratio.43 The particulate matter emissions are dependent on the general conditions of the engine, especially the fuel injection system and its maintenance, in addition to the ash content of the fuel, which is in the range 0.05–0.2%. SOx emissions are directly dependent on the sulfur content of the fuel. Fuel oil may contain as little as 0.3% sulfur and, in some cases, up to 5% sulfur.

Diesel engines are fuel flexible and can use fuels such as diesel oil, heavy fuel oil, natural gas, crude oil, bio-fuels (such as palm oil, etc.) and emulsified fuels (such as Orimulsion, etc.).

Typical electrical efficiencies in single mode are typically ranging from 40 % for the medium speed engines up to about 50 % for large engines and even higher efficiencies in combined cycle mode. Total efficiency in CHP (Combined Heat and Power) is typically in liquid operation up to 60 – 80 % and in gas mode even higher dependent on the application. The heat to power ratio is typically 0.5 to 1.3 in CHP applications, dependent on the application.

Lean Burn Gas Engines

Typical electrical efficiencies for bigger stationary medium speed engines in single mode are typically 40 – 47 % and up to close to 50 % in combined cycle mode. Total efficiency in CHP facilities is typically up to 90 % dependent on the application. The heat to power ratios are typically 0.5 to 1.3 in CHP-applications, dependent on the application.

43 If the fuel timing is too early, the cylinder pressure will increase, resulting in higher nitrogen oxide formation. If injection is timed too late, fuel consumption and turbocharger speed will increase. NOX emissions can be reduced by later injection timing, but then particulate matter and the amount of unburned species will increase.

Spark Ignition (SG)

Often a spark ignited gas-otto engine works according to the lean burn concept meaning that a lean mixture of combustion air and fuel is used in the cylinder (e.g., much more air than needed for the combustion). In order to stabilize the ignition and combustion of the lean mixture, in bigger engine types a prechamber with a richer air/fuel mixture is used. The ignition is initiated with a spark plug or some other device located in the prechamber, resulting in a high-energy ignition source for the main fuel charge in the cylinder. The most important parameter governing the rate of NOx formation in internal combustion engines is the combustion temperature; the higher the temperature the higher the NOx content of the exhaust gases. One method is to lower the fuel/air ratio, the same specific heat quantity released by the combustion of the fuel is then used to heat up a larger mass of exhaust gases, resulting in a lower maximum combustion temperature. This method low fuel/air ratio is called lean burn and it reduces NOx effectively. The spark-ignited lean-burn engine has therefore low NOx emissions. This is a pure gas engine; it operates only on gaseous fuels.

Dual fuel engines (DF)

Some DF engine types are fuel versatile, these can be run on low pressure natural gas or liquid fuels such as diesel oil (as back-up fuel, etc.), heavy fuel oil, etc. This engine type can operate at full load in both fuel modes. Dual Fuel (DF) engines can also be designed to work in gas mode only with a pilot liquid fuel used for ignition of the gas.

Combustion Turbines Gas turbine systems operate in a manner similar to steam turbine systems except that combustion gases are used to turn the turbine blades instead of steam. In addition to the electric generator, the turbine also drives a rotating compressor to pressurize the air, which is then mixed with either gas or liquid



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fuel in a combustion chamber. The greater the compression, the higher the temperature and the efficiency that can be achieved in a gas turbine. Higher temperatures, however, typically lead to increases in NOX emissions. Exhaust gases are emitted to the atmosphere from the turbine. Unlike a steam turbine system, gas turbine systems do not have boilers or a steam supply, condensers, or a waste heat disposal system. Therefore, capital costs are much lower for a gas turbine system than for a steam system.

In electrical power applications, gas turbines are often used for peaking duty, where rapid startup and short runs are needed. Most installed simple gas turbines with no controls have only a 20- to 30-percent efficiency.

Combined Cycle Combined-cycle generation is a configuration using both gas turbines and steam generators. In a combined-cycle gas turbine (CCGT), the hot exhaust gases of a gas turbine are used to provide all, or a portion of, the heat source for the boiler, which produces steam for the steam generator turbine. This combination increases the thermal efficiency to approximately 50 - 60 percent. Combined-cycle systems may have multiple gas turbines driving one steam turbine. Combined-cycle systems with diesel engines and steam generators are also sometimes used.

In addition, integrated coal gasification combined-cycle (IGCC) units are emerging technologies. In an IGCC system, coal gas is manufactured and cleaned in a "gasifier" under pressure, thereby reducing emissions and particulates.44 The coal gas then is combusted in a CCGT generation system.

44 Gasification is a process in which coal is introduced to a reducing atmosphere with oxygen or air and steam.

Cogeneration Cogeneration is the merging of a system designed to produce electric power and a system used for producing industrial heat and steam and/or municipal heating. This system is a more efficient way of using energy inputs and allows the recovery of otherwise wasted thermal energy for use in an industrial process. Cogeneration technologies are classified as "topping cycle" and "bottoming cycle" systems, depending on whether electrical (topping cycle) or thermal (bottoming cycle) energy is derived first. Most cogeneration systems use a topping cycle.



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Figure A-1 Generalized Flow Diagram of a Thermal power plant45 and Associated Operations

Source: EC 2006

45 Applicable to boiler plant with cooling tower only. Diagram does not apply to engines and turbines which have completely different configurations.



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Annex B: Environmental Assessment Guidance for Thermal Power Projects

The development of an environmental assessment (EA) for a thermal power project should take into account any government energy and/or environmental policy or strategy including strategic aspects such as energy efficiency improvements in existing power generation, transmission, and distribution systems, demand side management, project siting, fuel choice, technology choice, and environmental performance.

New Facilities and Expansion of Existing Facilities An (EA) for new facilities and a combined EA and environmental audit for existing facilities should be carried out early in the project cycle in order to establish site-specific emissions requirements and other measures for a new or expanded thermal power plant. Table B-1 provides suggested key elements of the EA, the scope of which will depend on project-specific circumstances.

Table B-1 Suggested Key EHS Elements for EA of New Thermal Power Project

Analysis of Alternatives

• Fuel selection including non-fossil fuel options (coal, oil, gas, biomass, other renewable options – wind, solar, geothermal, hydro), fuel supply sources

• Power generation technology o Thermal generating efficiency

(HHV-gross, LHV-gross, HHV-net, LHV-net)

o Cost o CO2 emissions performance

(gCO2/kWh) • GHG emissions reduction / offset

options o Energy conversion efficiency o Offset arrangement o Use of renewable energy

sources, etc. • Baseline water quality of receiving water

bodies • Water supply

o Surface water, underground water, desalination

• Cooling system o Once-through, wet closed

circuit, dry closed circuit • Ash disposal system - wet disposal vs.

dry disposal • Pollution control

o Air emission – primary vs. secondary flue gas treatment (cost, performance)

o Effluent (cost, performance) • Effluent discharge

o Surface water o Evaporation o Recycling – zero discharge

• Siting o Land acquisition

consideration o Access to fuel / electricity

grid o Existing and future land use

zoning o Existing and predicted

environmental baseline (air, water, noise)

Impact Assessment

• Estimation of GHG emissions (tCO2/year, gCO2/kWh)

• Air quality impact o SO2, NO2, PM10, PM2.5,

Heavy metals as appropriate, Acid deposition if relevant

o Incremental impacts to the attainment of relevant air quality standards

o Isopleth concentration lines (short-term, annual average, as appropriate) overlaid with land use and topographic map

o Cumulative impacts of existing sources / future projects if known

o Stack height determination o Health impact consideration

• Water quality / intake impact o thermal discharge if once-

through cooling system is used

o other key contaminants as appropriate

o water intake impact • Noise impact

o Noise contour lines overlaid with land use and locations of receptors

• Determination of pollution prevention and abatement measures

Mitigation Measures /

• Air (Stack height, pollution control measures, cost)



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Management Program

• Effluent (wastewater treatment measures, cost)

• Noise (noise control measures, cost) • Waste utilization / disposal (e.g., ash,

FGD by-product, used oil) o Ash management plan

(quantitative balance of ash generation, disposal, utilization, size of ash disposal site, ash transportation arrangement)

• Fuel supply arrangement • Emergency preparedness and response

plan • Industrial risk assessment if relevant

Monitoring Program

• Parameters • Sampling Frequency • Evaluation Criteria • Sampling points overlaid with relevant

site layout / surrounding maps • Cost

Tasks related to carrying out the quality impact analysis for the EA should include:

• Collection of baseline data ranging from relatively simple qualitative information (for smaller projects) to more comprehensive quantitative data (for larger projects) on ambient concentrations of parameters and averaging time consistent with relevant host country air quality standards (e.g., parameters such as PM10, PM2.5, SO2 (for oil and coal-fired plants), NOX, and ground-level ozone; and averaging time such as 1-hour maximum, 24-hour maximum, annual average), within a defined airshed encompassing the proposed project;46

• Evaluation of the baseline airshed quality (e.g., degraded or non-degraded);

• Evaluation of baseline water quality, where relevant;

• Use of appropriate mathematical or physical air quality

46 The term “airshed” refers to the local area around the plant whose ambient air quality is directly affected by emissions from the plant. The size of the relevant local airshed will depend on plant characteristics, such as stack height, as well as on local meteorological conditions and topography. In some cases, airsheds are defined in legislation or by the relevant environmental authorities. If not, the EA should clearly define the airshed on the basis of consultations with those responsible for local environmental management.

dispersion models to estimate the impact of the project on the ambient concentrations of these pollutants;

• If acid deposition is considered a potentially significant impact, use of appropriate air quality models to evaluate long-range and trans-boundary acid deposition;

• The scope of baseline data collection and air quality impact assessment will depend on the project circumstances (e.g., project size, amount of air emissions and the potential impacts on the airshed). Examples of suggested practices are presented in Table B-2.

Table B-2 - Suggested Air Quality Impact Assessment Approach

Baseline air quality collection

• Qualitative information (for small projects e.g., < 100MWth)

• Seasonal manual sampling (for mid-sized projects e.g., < 1,200MWth)

• Continuous automatic sampling (for large projects e.g., >= 1,200MWth)

• Modeling existing sources

Baseline meteorological data collection

• Continuous one-year data for dispersion modeling from nearby existing meteorological station (e.g., airport, meteorological station) or site-specific station, if installed, for mid-sized and large projects

Evaluation of airshed quality

• Determining if the airshed is degraded (i.e., ambient air quality standards are not attained) or non-degraded (i.e., ambient air quality standards are attained)

Air quality impact assessment

• Assess incremental and resultant levels by screening models (for small projects)

• Assess incremental and resultant levels by refined models (for mid-sized and large projects, or for small projects if determined necessary after using screening models)47

• Modify emission levels, if needed, to ensure that incremental impacts are small (e.g., 25% of relevant ambient air quality standard levels) and that the airshed will not become degraded.

47 For further guidance on refined / screening models, see Appendix W to Part 51 – Guidelines on Air Quality Models by US EPA (Final Rule, November 9, 2005)



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When there is a reasonable likelihood that in the medium or long term the power plant will be expanded or other pollution sources will increase significantly, the analysis should take account of the impact of the proposed plant design both immediately and after any formally planned expansion in capacity or in other sources of pollution. Plant design should allow for future installation of additional pollution control equipment, should this prove desirable or necessary based upon predicted air quality impacts and/or anticipated changes in emission standards (i.e., impending membership into the EU). The EA should also address other project-specific environmental concerns, such as fuel and emissions from fuel impurities. In cases where fuel impurities lead to known hazardous emissions, the EA should estimate the emission amount, assess impacts and propose mitigations to reduce emissions.48 Examples of compounds which may be present in certain types of coal, heavy fuel oil, petroleum coke, etc. include cadmium, mercury, and other heavy metals.

Rehabilitation of Existing Facilities An environmental assessment of the proposed rehabilitation should be carried out early in the process of preparing the project in order to allow an opportunity to evaluate alternative rehabilitation options before key design decisions are finalized. The assessment should include an environmental audit that examines the impacts of the existing plant’s operations on nearby populations and ecosystems, supplemented by an EA that examines the changes in these impacts that would result under alternative specifications for the rehabilitation, and the estimated capital and operating costs associated with each option. Depending on the scale and nature of the rehabilitation, the audit/environmental assessment may be relatively narrow in

48 Several U.S. states have adopted regulations that give coal-fired power plants the option to meet either a mercury emissions standard based on electricity output or a control-based standard. For instance, Illinois requires all coal-fired power plants of 25 MW electrical capacity or greater to meet either an emissions standard of 0.0080 lbs mercury per gigawatt hour (GWh) gross electrical output or an emissions control requirement of 90 percent relative to mercury input.

scope, focusing on only a small number of specific concerns that would be affected by the project, or it may be as extensive as would be appropriate for the construction of a new unit at the same site. Normally, it should cover the following points:

• Ambient environmental quality in the airshed or water basin affected by the plant, together with approximate estimates of the contribution of the plant to total emissions loads of the main pollutants of concern

• The impact of the plant, under existing operating conditions and under alternative scenarios for rehabilitation, on ambient air and water quality affecting neighboring populations and sensitive ecosystems

• The likely costs of achieving alternative emissions standards or other environmental targets for the plant as a whole or for specific aspects of its operations

• Recommendations concerning a range of cost effective measures for improving the environmental performance of the plant within the framework of the rehabilitation project and any associated emissions standards or other requirements implied by the adoption of specific measures.

These issues should be covered at a level of detail appropriate to the nature and scale of the proposed project. If the plant is located in an airshed or water basin that is polluted as a result of emissions from a range of sources, including the plant itself, comparisons should be made of the relative costs of improving ambient air or water quality by reducing emissions from the plant or by reducing emissions from other sources.

Annex-IV-DOE Standards for drinking water i

Annex-IV

DOE (BANGLADESH) STANDARDS FOR DRINKING WATER

Annex-IV-DOE Standards for drinking water ii

Annex-IV

DOE (Bangladesh) Standards for drinking water

SCHEDULE – 3 Standards for Water

[See Rule 12]

(A) Standards for drinking water

Sl. No. Parameter Unit Standards 1 2 3 4 1. Aluminium mg/1 0.2 2. Ammonia (NH3) “ 0.5 3. Arsenic “ 0.05 4. Barium “ 0.01 5. Benzene “ 0.01 6. BODs 20°C “ 0.2 7. Boron “ 1.0 8. Cadmium “ 0.005 9. Calcium “ 75 10. Chloride “ 150-600* 11. Chlorinated alkanes

carbontetrachloride 1.1 dichloroethylene 1.2 dichloroethylene tetrachloroethylene trichloroethylene

“ 0.01 0.001 0.03 0.03 0.09

12. Chlorinated phenols

-pentachlorophenol -2.4.6 trichlorophenol

mg/1 0.03 0.03

13. Chlorine (residual) “ 0.2 14. Chloroform “ 0.09 15. Chromium (hexavalent) “ 0.05 16. Chromium (total) “ 0.05 17. COD “ 4 18. Coliform (fecal) n/100ml 0 19. Coliform (total) “ 0 20. Color Hazan 15 21. Copper Unit 1 22. Cyanide mg/1 0.1 23. Detergents “ 0.2 24. DO “ 6 25. Fluoride “ 1

Annex-IV-DOE Standards for drinking water iii

26. Hardness (as CaCO3) “ 200-500 27. Iron “ 0.3-1.0 28. Kjeldhl Nitrogen (total) “ 1 29. Lead “ 0.05 30. Magnesium “ 30-35 31. Manganese “ 0.1 32. Mercury “ 0.001 33. Nickel “ 0.1 34. Nitrate “ 10 35. Nitrite “ <1 36. Odor “ Odorless 37. Oil and grease “ 0.01 38. pH “ 6.5-8.5 39. Phenolic compounds “ 0.002 40. Phosphate “ 6 41. Phosphorus “ 0 42. Potassium “ 12 43. Radioactive materials

(gross alpha activity) Bq/1 0.01

44. Radioactive materials (gross beta activity)

“ 0.1

45. Selenium mg/1 0.01 46. Silver “ 0.02 47. Sodium “ 200 48. Suspended particulate matters “ 10 49. Sufide “ 0 50. Sulfate “ 400 51. Total dissolved solids “ 1000 52. Temperature 0C 20-30 53. Tin mg/1 2 54. Turbidity JTU 10 55. Zinc mg/1 5

Annex-V- DOE standards for industrial emission i

Annex-V

DOE STANDARDS FOR EMISSION FROM INDUSTRIES

Annex-V- DOE standards for industrial emission ii

ANNEX-IV-DOE standards for industrial emission

Table-1: Bangladesh Standards for Industrial and Project Emissions

Sn. No.

Parameters Values

(in mg/Nm3) 1 Particulates

(ka) Power station of capacity of 200 MW or more (kha) Power station of capacity of less than 200 MW

150 350

2 Chlorine 150 3 Hydrochloric acid vapor and mist 350 4 Total fluoride (as F) 25 5 Sulfuric acid mist 50 6 Lead particulates 50 7 Mercury particulates 10 8 Sulfur dioxide

(ka) Sulfuric acid production (DCDA* process) (kha) Sulfuric acid production (SCSA* process) (* DCDA : Double conversion, double absorption, SCSA : Single conversion single absorption) Lowest height of stack for sulfur dioxide dispersion : (ka) Coal based power plant 500 MW or more 200 MW – 500 MW Less than 200 MW (kha) Boiler Steam per hour – up to 15 tons Steam per hour – more than 15 tons (Q = SO2 emission in kg/hour)

kg/ton acid 4

100

275 m 220m

14(Q)0.3

11m 14(Q)0.3

9 Oxides of nitrogen (ka) Nitric acid production (kha) Gas based power stations 500 MW or more 200 – 500 MW Less than 200 MW (Ga) Metallurgical oven

3 kg/ton acid

50 ppm 50 ppm 40 ppm 30 ppm

200 ppm 10 Kiln soot and dust

(ka) Blast furnace (kha) Brick kiln (Ga) Coke oven (Gha) Lime kiln

Mg/Nm3

500 1000 500 250

Source : Schedule-11, Rule-13, Environment Conservation Rules, 1997 (Page 3135, 3136, Bangladesh Gazette, 28 August 1997) (Own authentic translation from original Bengali).

Annex-VI, DoE standard for ambient air quality

i

Annex-VI

DoE standard for ambient air quality

Annex-VI, DoE standard for ambient air quality

ii

Unofficial English Version [Bangla text of the rules was published in the Bangladesh Gazette additional issue of 28.08.1997 and amended by notification SRO 220-Law/2005 of 19, July 2005]

Government of the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh Ministry of Environment and Forests

Planning Section-5 Notification

Date: 1 Shrabon 1412/ 16 July 2005 S.R.O. No: 220-Law/2005: In exercise of the powers conferred by section 20 of the Bangladesh Environment Conservation Act, 1995 (Act 1 of 1995), the Government hereby amended the Environment Conservation Rules, 1997 as under: (Ka) schedule 2 of the above rule will be replaced by Schedule 2 as under;

“Schedule-2

AIR QUALITY STANDARDS* [See Rule 12]

AIR POLLUTANT STANDARDS AVERAGE TIME

1 2 3

Carbon Monoxide (CO)

10 mg/m3 (9 ppm) (Ka)

8-hour

40 mg/m3 (35 ppm) (Ka)

1-hour

Lead (Pb) 0.5 µg/m3 Annual Oxides of Nitrogen

(NOx) 100 µg/m3

(0.053 ppm) Annual

Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) 200 µg/m3 8-hour

PM10 50 µg/m3 (Kha) Annual 150 µg/m3 (Ga) 24-hour

PM2.5 15 µg/m3 Annual 65 µg/m3 24-hour

Ozone (O3)

235 µg/m3 (0.12 ppm) (Gha)

1-hour

157 µg/m3 (0.08 ppm)

8-hour

Sulfur di Oxide (SO2)

80 µg/m3 (0.03 ppm)

Annual

365 µg/m3 (0.14 ppm) (Ka)

24-hour

Abbreviation: ppm : Parts Per Million Notes: *In this schedule Air Quality Standards means Ambient Air Quality Standards (Ka) Not to be exceeded more than once per year (Kha) Annual average value will be less than or equal to 50 microgram/cubic meter (Ga) Average value of 24 hours will be less or equal to 150 microgram/cubic meter for one day each year. (Gha) Maximum average value for every one hour each year will be equal or less than 0.12 ppm. “

By Order of the President Jafar Ahmed Chowdhury Secretary

Annex VII, DoE standard for emission from vehicle and noise level

i

Annex-VII



ii

Unofficial English Version [Bangla text of the rules was published in the Bangladesh Gazette additional issue of 28.08.1997 and amended by notification SRO 220-Law/2005 of 19, July 2005]

Government of the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh

Ministry of Environment and Forests Planning Section-5

Notification Date: 1 Shrabon 1412/ 16 July 2005

S.R.O. No: 220-Law/2005: In exercise of the powers conferred by section 20 of the Bangladesh Environment Conservation Act, 1995 (Act 1 of 1995), the Government hereby amended the Environment Conservation Rules, 1997 as under: (Kha) Instead of schedule 6 the following schedule 6 will be replaced:-

“Schedule-6 (See Rules 4 & 12)

Part- Ka (Emission standards for diesel driven vehicles during registration)

Bangladesh-1 (Table-1)

Vehicle type Emission Standards (gm/km) Test

Procedure CO HC + NOx PM 1 2 3 4 5

Light duty (Not more than 8 seats in addition to driver & max. weight upto 2.5 tons)

New Type Approval (TA) 2.72 0.97 0.14 91/441/EEC

Conformity of Production (COP) 3.16 1.13 0.18

Imported used 3.16 1.13 0.18

Medium duty (More than 8 seats in addition to driver but less than 15 seats & weight more than 2.5 tons but upto 3.5 tons)

New TA 6.9 1.7 0.25 93/59/EC

COP 8.0 2.0 0.29

Imported used 8.0 2.0 0.29


Vehicle type Emission Standards (gm/kWh) Test

Procedure CO HC NOx PM*


iii

Heavy duty (More than 15 seats in addition to driver & weight more than 3.5 ton)

91/542/EEC

and ECE R

49.02

New TA 4.5 1.1 8.0 0.36

New COP 4.9 1.23 9.0 0.4

Imported used 4.9 1.23 9.0 0.4

*For the diesel engines with 85kW or less power the limit is to be multiplied by a factor of to 1.7.

Abbreviation: EC : European Council km : Kilometer EEC : European Economic Community. TA : Type Approval. COP : Conformity of Production. ECE : Economic Commission for Europe.

Part –Kha (Emission standards for Petrol and CNG driven vehicles during registration)


Vehicle type

Emission Standards (gm/km) Emissions due to

Evaporation (g/test)

Test Procedu

re CO HC + NOx

1 2 3 4 5

(2 and 3 wheeled) 4-stroke

4.5 3.0

- ECE-40

Light duty (Not more than 8 seats in addition to driver & max. GVW. 2.5 tons)

2.2 0.5 2.0 94/12/EC

Medium duty (More than 8 seats in addition to driver but less than 15 seats & GVW more than 2.5 tons but max. 3.5 tons)

5.0 0.7 2.0 96/69/EC


Vehicle type

Emission Standards (gm/kW-hr) Evaporation

emissions

(g/test)

Test Procedure CO HC/

NMHC* NOx


iv

Heavy duty (More than 15 seats in addition to driver & GVW. more than 3.5 ton)

91/542/EEC

and ECE R

49.02 and *13-

mode test cycle

New TA (Petrol/ CNG)

4.5 1.1 8.0 2.0

New COP(Petrol/ CNG)

4.9 1.23 9.0 2.0

Imported used (Petrol/ CNG)

4.9 1.23 9.0 2.0

* Applicable for CNG driven vehicles Abbreviation: CNG : Compressed Natural Gas COP : Conformity of Production EC : European Council EEC : European Economic Community ECE : Economic Commission for Europe TA : Type Approval km : Kilometer kW : Kilo Watt Hr : Hour

Part- Ga (Emission inspection standards during registration mentioned in Part-A and part-B)

Vehicle type Parameter Emission Standard

1 2 3 At least 3 wheeled petrol and CNG driven vehicles

Idle CO Idle HC

0.5 %v/v 1200 ppm

No load, 2500-3000 RPM

CO HC

Lambda

0.3 %v/v 300 ppm 1± 0.03

Visual check 3-Way catalytic converter fitted in the exhaust

Diesel naturally aspirated Free acceleration smoke 1.2 m-1 smoke density (40 HSU)

Diesel turbo-charged Free acceleration smoke 2.2 m-1 smoke density (61 HSU)

Abbreviation: HSU : Hartridge Smoke Unit ppm : Parts Per Million m-1 : Meter Inverse

Part- Gha (Emission standards for In-use diesel vehicle registered before September 1, 2004.)

Vehicle Type Test

Smoke Opacity Effective

01 September, 2004-31

December, 2006

Effective 01 January, 2007-

31 December, 2008

Effective 01 January,

2009


v

Buses

Free acceleration

80 HSU or

3.7 m-1

70 HSU or

2.8 m-1

65 HSU or

2.4 m-1

Trucks and all other diesel vehicles

Free acceleration

90 HSU or

5.3 m-1

80 HSU or

3.7 m-1

65 HSU or

2.4 m-1

Part- Umma (Emission standards for petrol and CNG driven vehicles registered before September 1, 2004)

Vehicle Type

Test CO (% by volume) HC (ppm)

1 2 3 4

4-wheeled petrol vehicles Idle Speed 4.5 1,200

All CNG driven vehicles Idle Speed 3.0 -

Petrol driven 2-Stroke engine 2 and 3-wheelers

Idle Speed 7.0 12,000

Petrol driven 4-Stroke 2 and 3-wheelers

Idle Speed 7.0 3,000

Note: Idle Speed RPM to be specified by the manufacturer.

Part- Ch (Emission Standards for vehicle registered after September 1, 2004)

Vehicle Type Test CO (% by volume)

HC (ppm) Lambda

() Smoke

1 2 3 4 5 6 4-wheeled petrol and CNG vehicles.

Idle Speed 1.0 1200 - -

No load, 2500-3000

RPM

0.5 300 1.0 ± 0.03

-

Petrol driven 4-Stroke 2 and 3-wheelers

Idle Speed 4.5 1200 - -

CNG driven 3-wheelers Idle Speed 3.0 - - - Naturally aspirated diesel vehicles

Free acceleration

- - - 65 HSU or 2.5 m-1

Turbo-charged diesel vehicles

Free acceleration

- - - 72 HSU or 3.0 m-1

Note: Idle speed RPM to be specified by the manufacturer”.

By Order of the President Jafar Ahmed Chowdhury Secretary


vi

Noise level Table-2: DoE standard for noise level (2006, SRO No-212, schedule-1) Locations Standards (dB) at day Standard (dB) at night Silent Zone 50 40 Residential area 55 45 Mixed area 60 50 Commercial area 70 60 Industrial area 75 70

Annex-VIII-DOE standards for inland surface water

i

Annex-VIII

DOE (BANGLADESH) STANDARDS FOR INLAND SURFACE WATER

Annex-VIII-DOE standards for inland surface water

ii

Annex-VII.

DOE (Bangladesh) Standards for inland Surface water

SCHEDULE – 3 Standards for Water

[See Rule 12] (A) standard for inland surface water

Best Practice based

classification Parameter

pH BOD mg/I DO mg/I Total

Coliform number/100

a. Source of drinking water for supply only after disinfecting:

6.5-8.5 2 or less 6 or above 50 or less

b. Water usable for recreational activity

6.5-8.5 3 or less 5 or more 200 or less

c. Source of drinking water for supply after conventional treatment


d. Water usable by fisheries:

6.5-8.5 6 or less 5 or more ----

e. Water usable by various process and cooling industries :


f. Water usable for irrigation:


Notes: 1. In water used for pisiculture, maximum limit of presence of ammonia as Nitrogen

is 1.2 mg/l.

2. Electrical conductivity for irrigation water -2250 μmhoms/cm (at a temperature of 25°C); Sodium less than 26%; boron less than 0.2%.

Annex-IX-List of flora within 5 km of the project study area

Annex-IX

DETAILED LIST OF FLORA WITHIN 5KM OF PROPOSED SIDDHIRGANJ 450 MW CCPP PROJECT STUDY AREA

Annex-IX-List of flora within 5 km of the project study area ii

Annex-VIII Table-1. Lists of plants observed in the homestead within 5km of the project study area.

Ht Habit Family Genus Species Local Name D C Comositae Mikania cordata Veratilata D C Comositae Mikania scandens Assamlata D C Convolvulaceae Cuscuta reflexa Swarnalata D H Amaranthaceae Achytanthes aspera Apang M H Cyperaceae Cyperus distans M H Cyperaceae Cyperus Rotundus M H Cyperaceae Cyperus tenuispica M H Cyperaceae Fimbristylis miliaceae D H Euphorbiaceae Croton bonplandianum Morchagra M H Graminae Cynodon dactyIon Durba D H Labiatae Ocimum americanum Bontulsi D H Leuminosae Crotalaria Saltiana Jhanjhani D H Solanaceae Datura metel Datura D H Umbelliferae achytanthes aspera Thankuni D S Averrhoaceae Averrhoa Carambola Kamranga D S Musaceae Musa Paraducuaca Kala D S Rubiaceae Randia Dumetorum Monkata D S Verbenaceae Clerodendron Viscosum Ghetu, Bat D S Verbenaceae Lantana Camara D T Anacardiaceae Mangifera Indica Am D T Annonaceae Annona Squamosa Ata D T Annonaceae Polyalthia Longifolia Debdaru D T Apocynaceae Alstonia Scholaris Chatim D T T Bombaceae Bombax Ceiba Shimul D T Combretaceae Terminalia Katappa Katharlam

deshibadam D T Ebenaceae Diospyros Perigrina Gab, Deshi Gab D T Euphorbiaceae Citrus Grandis Jambura D T Euphorbiaceae Ricinus Communi Reri. Bheranda D T Leguminosae Albizia Lebbeck Sirish D T Leguminosae Albizia procera Sadakorai.

silkorai D T Leguminosae Butea Monosperma Palash D T Leguminosae Cassia Siamea Minijuri.

eskikoroi D T Leguminosae Delonix Regia Krishnochura D T Leguminosae Erythrina variegata Mander,

Piltamander D T Leguminosae Temarindus Indica Tentul

Annex-IX-List of flora within 5 km of the project study area iii

Ht Habit Family Genus Species Local Name D T Lythraceae Lagerstroemia Speciosa Jarul D T Meliaceae Azadirachta Indica Nim D T Moraceae Artocarpus Chaplasha chapalish D T Moraceae Artocarpus Heterophyllus Khatal D T Moraceae Ficus Benghalensis Bot D T Moraceae Ficus Hispida Dumur D T Moraceae Ficus Religiosa Assawath D T Moraceae Ficus Rumphii Hijulia D T Myrtaceae Syzygium Cuminis Kalojam D T Myrtaceae Syzygium Fruticosa Khudijam M T Palmae Areca Catechu Supari M T Palmae Borassus Flabellifer Tal M T Palmae Cocos Nucifera Narikal D T Rhamnaceae Zizyphus mauritiana Boroi, kul D T Rubiaceae Anthocephalus chinensis Kadom D T Rutaceae Aegle Marmelos Bel D T Verbenaceae Tectona grandis Segun S Pandanus foetidus Kea D=Dicot, M=Monocot, T=Tree, H=Herb, S=Shrub

Table- 2: Common Wetland Plants of the Project Area

Scientific Names Family Local Name Atlernanthera philoxeroides Amarranthaceae Heleencha Asparagus racemosus Liliaceae Satamuli, Hilum Barrinigtonia acutangula Lecythidaceae Hijal Chenopodium album Chenopodiaceae Bathua shak Colocasia eskulenta Araceae Kachu Cynodon dactylon Poaceae Durba Eichhornia creassipes Pontederlaceae Kochuripana Ipomoea aquatica Convolvlaceae Kalmi shak Convolvlaceae Dhon kalmi

Annex-X- List of fauna within 5km of the project study area

Annex-X

DETAILED LIST OF FAUNA RECORDED WITHIN 5KM OF PROPOSED

SIDDHIRGANJ 450 MW CCPP PROJECT STUDY AREA

Annex-X- List of fauna within 5 km of the project study area ii

ANNEX-IX-LIST OF FAUNA WITHIN 5K OF THE PROJECT STUDY AREA.

Table-1: Faunas Recorded within 5 km of 450 MW CCPP Project study area.

Table-1.1. List of Mammals

Sl. No.

Local name Scientific name Ababdance

CM RE EN LE R/ M

1. Baman chika Suncus etrucus + + R 2. Dainibadur Megaderma lyra + R 3 Shial Canis aureus + R 4 Khek shial Vulpes bengalensis + R 5 Mecho biral Felis viverrina + R 6 Khatash Viverricula indica + R 7 Benji/ Nakul Herpestes auropunctatus + R 8 Botakane badur Eptesicus pachyotis + R 9 Bara benji Herpestes auropunctatus + R

Key note: CM= Common, LE= Locally Extinct RE= Rare R= Resident

M= Migrant

Annex-X- List of fauna within 5 km of the project study area iii

Table- 1.2. List of Birds

Sl no.

Local Scientific name Abandance

CM RE ED LE R M

1 Panikawri Phalacrocorax niger + +

2 Sapapakhi Anhinga rufa + +

3 Korchey Bok Ardeola grayii + +

4 Bara sada bok Ardea alba + +

5 Go bok Bubulcus ibis + +

6 Chota bok Egretta garzetta + +

7 Choto sharali Dendrocyzna javanica + +

8 Choka Choki Tadorua ferruginea + +

9 Lenja hans Anas acuta + +

10 Kalo hans Aythya ferina + +

11 Giria hans Anas querquedula + +

12 Bali hans Nettapus coro mendeliannus + +

13 Sada baj Elanus caeruleus + +

14 Kalo baj Aviceda leuphotes + +

15 Lal chil Haliastur indus + +

16 Kestrel Falco tinnunculus + +

17 Bonmurag Gallus gallus +

18 Dahuk Amanrornis phoenicurus + +

19 Kalim Porphyrio porphyrio + +

20 Kura Gallinula cinerea + +

21 Batan Pulvialis dominica + +

22 Hot ti ti Vanellus spp. + +

23 Chaga Gallinago gallinago + +

24 Gonga koitor Larus brunnicephalus + +

25 Mach khaikka Stema aurantia + +

26 Horial ( chota) Treron pompadora + +

27 Jalali Kabutor Columba livia + +

28 Tila Ghugu Streptopelia chinensis +

29 Jongla ghugu S. tranquebarica + + +

30 Tia Psittacula krameri + +

31 Tuta P. alexandari + +

32 Kalo kokil Endynamus sclolpacea + +

33 Nimpokh Otns bakkamoena + +

34 Laxmi puncha Tyto alba + +

35 Khumley pencha Atthene brama + +

36 Ababil Apus affinis + +

37 Nakkati Cypsiurus parvus + +

38 Choto machranga Alcedo atthis + +

39 Sui chura Merops orientalis + + +

40 Chota basanta Bauri

Megalaima haema cephala + +

Annex-X- List of fauna within 5 km of the project study area iv

Sl no.

Local Scientific name Abandance

CM RE ED LE R M

41 Khath thokra Dinopium benghalense

42 Bharat pakhi Mirafra assamica +

43 Bagha tiki Lanins schach + +

44 Halda pakhi Oriolus xanthormus + +

45 Fingey Dicrurus adsimilis + +

46 Bhat shalik Acridotheres tristis + +

47 Gang Shalik A. ginginlanus + +

48 Kutum pakhi Dendrocitta vagabunda + +

49 Dar kak Corvns macrohynchus + +

50 Panti kak C. Splendens + +

51 Gudhu kak Coracina nonaehollandiae + +

52 Kalo bulbul Pycnonotus artriceps + + +

53 Bulbul Hypsipetes meclellanrdi + +

54 Yellow breasted babbler

Macronous gularis + +

55 Red warbler Acrocephalus dumetorum + + 56 Tit peckh Parus major + +

57 Tila munia Lonchura Punctulata + +

58 Kalo matha munia Lonchura malacca + +

Annex-X- List of fauna within 5 km of the project study area v

Table-1.3. List of Reptiles

Sl no.

Local name Scientific name Abundance

CM RE ED LE R M

1 Kali kaitta Hardella thurji + +

2 Kori kaitta Kachuga tecta tecta + +

3 Dhum kasim Tribyx hurum + +

4 Tiktiki( Ghar) Hemidactylus brooki + +

5 Tiktiki H. flaviviridis + +

6 Anjum Babuya carinata + +

7 Gui shap Varanus bengalensis + +

8 Haldey hui V. flaviscens + +

10 Dora shap Amphiesma stolata + +

11 Maitta shap Atretium schistosum + +

12 Daraj Ptyas mucosus + +

13 Paina shap Enhydris enhydris

14 Shankhini shap Bungarus fasciatus + +

15 Jati shap Naja naja kaouthia + +

16 Kal keotey Bungarus caeruleus + +

Annex-X- List of fauna within 5 km of the project study area vi

Table-1.4. List of Amphibians

SL no.

Local name Scientific name CM RE ED

LE R M

1 Kuno Bang Bufo melanostictus + +

2 Kotkoti Bang Rana cynophlyctis + +

3 Shona Bang R. tigerina + +

4 Jhi Jhi Bang R. limnocharis +

5 Gach Bang R. temporalis + +

6 Gecho Bang Rhacophorus leuco + +

7 Gecho Bang Rhacophorus maculatus

+ +

Annex-X- List of fauna within 5 km of the project study area vii

Table-1.5. List of Fishes (Stream, Ditches, Ponds, Rivers etc.)

Sl. no.

Local Name Scientific name Abandance

CM RE

ED P F

1 Potka Tetradon Cutcutia + +

2 Jati puti Puntius sophore + +

3 Sar puti P. sarana + +

4 Chola puti P. Chola + +

5 Deto puti P. Stigma + +

7 Khalisha Colis fasciatus + +

6 Veda/ Meni Nandus nandus + +

7 Baim/ Guchi Mastacembelus pancalus

+ +

8 Koi Anabus testudineus + +

9 Chanda Chanda beculis + +

10 Belia/ Bele Glossogonius giuris + +

11 Baim (big) Mastacembelus armatus

+

12 Magur Clarius batrachus + +

13 Shole Channa striatus + +

14 Gutum Lepidchalas guntea + +

15 Darkina Rasbora danricus + +

16 Rui Labeo rohita + +

17 Katla Katla katla + +

18 Taki Channa punctatus + +

19 Kucha cuchia cuchia + +

20 Kakila Xenentodom corcila + +

21 Nilotica Telapia nilotica + +

22 Chuchra Colisa sota + +

23 Chital Notopterus chitala + +

24 Singi Heteropueustes foc\ssilis

+ +

25 Banshpata Elupisoma psendeutropius

+ +

26 Pabda Ompok pabda + +

27 Boal Wallago nttu + +

28 Tangra Mystus vittatus + +

28 Gura Icha Macrognathus ocaleatus

+ +

Note: P= Poisonous

Annex-XI-List of Endangered Species of Bangladesh

Annex -XI

LISTS OF ENDANGERED SPECIES OF BANGLADESH (ACCORDING TO IUCN, BANGLADESH)

Annex-XI-List of Endangered Species of Bangladesh ii

Annex-XI-LIST OF ENDABGERED SPECIES OF BANGLADESH

Table – 1: Endangered wildlife Species in Bangladesh

The following list includes all mammals, which occur in Bangladesh, and are rated as Critically Endangered (CR), Endangered (EN) or Vulnerable (VU) in the 2000 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals. ENDANGERED

Asian Elephant Elephas maximus.Banteng Bas javanicus. Blue Whale Balaenoptera musculus. Capped Langur Trachypithecus pileatus. Rated Vulnerable in the 1996 Red List. Fin Whale Balaenoptera physalus. Ganges River Dolphin Platanista gangetica. Hispid Hare Caprolagus hispidus. Hoolock Gibbon Bunipithecus hoolock. Rated Endangered in the 1994 IUCN Red

Data Book; rated Data Deficient and listed as Hylobates hoolock in the 1996 Red List.

Particolored Flying Squirrel

Hylopetes alboniger.

Tiger Panthera tigris.

VULNERABLE:

Asiatic Black Bear Ursus thibetanus. Assam Macaque Macaca assamensis. Not listed in 1996 in Bangladesh. Barasingha Cervus duvaucelii. Not listed in 1996 in Bangladesh. Blackbuck Antilope cervicapra. Clouded Leopard Neofe'is nebulosa. Dhole Cuon alpinus. Dugong Dugong dugon. Eurasian Otter Lutra lutra. Not listed in 1996. Gaur Bos frontalis. Humpback Whale Megaptera novaeangliae. Irrawaddy Squirrel CallosciuTUs pygerythrus. Mainland Serow Capricornis sumatraensis. Northern Pigtail Macaque Macaca leonina. Sloth Bear Melursus ursinus. Smooth-coated Otter Lutrogale perspicillata. Listed as Lutra perspicillata in 1996. Stumptail Macaque Macaca arctoides.

ANNEX-XII

Summary of Focus Group Discussion (FGD) for proposed Siddhirganj 450 MW CCPP

EGCB Ltd. Annex-XII, FGD of EIA for Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP 2010

ii

FGD for Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of World Bank financed Siddhirganj 450MW CCPP project at Siddhirganj, Narayanganj

FGD meeting no.1 Location of FGD : Sonamia Bazar, Adamjeenagar, (Impact area)

Pauroshova: Siddhirganj, Thana: Narayanganj Sadar Category : Shopkeepers, local traders/Customers Date : October 02, 2010 Time : 03:40 PM

Sl. No. Name of the Participants Sex Age Present Occupation

1 Md. Shamsul Haque M 66 Business 2 Md. Fazlul Haque M 55 Business

3 Md. Abdul Jabbar M 80 Business 4 Md. Rowshon Mia M 60 Business 5 Md. Abdul Hakim M 41 Business

6 Md. Abdur Rahim M 39 Business

7 Md. Mokhlesur Rahman M 52 Service 8 Mrs. Saleha Begum F 35 Housewife

9 Mrs. Kulsum F 30 Service in NGO

10 Mrs. Afia Tahsin F 28 Customer/Agro-business

Issues and concerns raised (project related): River and canal water will not be affected by the project

Fish resources will be severely affected if hot water generated from the proposed plant is discharged into the river

Crops, vegetation and soil quality will not be affected

During the construction stage traffic movement along the road may be hampered if proper measure is not taken

Issues and concerns raised (existing environment related): River, canal and ponds are in good condition

At some indefinite or unstated time when the existing plant released steam/gas sound level becomes intolerable and because of this children specially infants in the area suffers most during night time

There is hardly any fish found the Shitalakhaya at present time

Income of the people is not good after Adamjee Jute Mill shut down

There no mentionable industry in the area as discussed

Overall health of the people of the area and health system is not good

Insufficient electricity and loadshading is the common problem of the area

There no waste management system. Existing wastes are dumped and discharged into the river

Only severe flooding creates problem in the area

Comments of the Interviewer: In overall project has the beneficial effect to the country although it will create some negative impact like sound pollution. People in area are suffering from unemployment after the closure of Adamjee Jute Mill. Local business, trading and markets are also affected for the closure of Adamjee Jute Mills. They are expecting that, the situation will be improved when Adamjee EPZ will function fully and the new power


iii

plant project will also bring some positive impact at the impact zone particularly employment. They demanded for one intermediate college and degree college as part of social activities from this project. FGD meeting no.02 Location of FGD : Kuripara Bazar, (Impact area)

Thana: Bandar (Narayanganj) Category : Businessmen Date : October 02, 2010 Time : 10:26 AM


1 Md. Nurul Islam M 49 Business 2 Shahjalal Member M 47 Business

3 Md. Ruhul Amin M 44 Service

4 Md. Amin Uddin M 34 Service

5 Azim Uddin M 49 Business

6 Mahfuzur Rahman M 64 Agro- Farming

7 Delwar Hossain M 50 Business 8 Md. Amzad Hossain M 44 Business 9 Md. Mohiuddin (Mohin) M 49 Business 10 Md. Ali Hossain M 44 Business 11 Md. Hossain Ali M 34 Business 12 Md. Motalib M 42 Business 13 Abdul Mannan M 42 Business 14 Md. Hossain (Sana) M 40 Business

Issues and concerns raised (project related): River or canal water may be affected by the discharged water of the proposed plant.

Fish resources of the nearby Shitalakhaya River may be partially affected.

Used hot water of the proposed power plant will be discharged through 1.5 Km (appx) drain/canal in to the river.

Vegetation, agricultural practices, livestock, poultry industries, transportation, different industries etc may not be affected by the proposed project.

Short and long term few employment opportunities may be increased.

Industrial development around the country will speed up.

Issues and concerns raised (existing environment related): River, canal and water bodies are in good condition.

Noise pollution occurs as complained by the some attendees.

Fishes on the Shitalakhaya River has become in extinction.

Unemployment is one of the problem in the area as raised in the discussion.

People suffers for interrupted and insufficient loading of electricity.

Comments of the Interviewer: It can be stated from the discussion that people has no such complain about the project and the environmental condition of the area is not bad.


iv

FGD meeting no.3 Location of FGD : Siddhirganj Power Plant, (Project site)

Pauroshova: Siddhirganj, Thana: Narayanganj Sadar Category : Male & Female workers in the power plant

Date : October 03, 2010 Time : 11:10 AM


1 Md. Feroze Miah M 58 Service 2 Md. Ishaque Khan M 44 Service 3 Md. Nurul Islam M 37 Service 4 Md. Abdus Salam Miah M 47 Service 5 Md. Nazrul Islam M 41 Service 6 Sddique Ahmed M 42 Service 7 Anwar Hossain M 42 Service 8 Md. Kabir Hossain Khan M 44 Service 9 Dewan Jasim Uddin M 39 Service 10 Abdul Halim M 44 Service 11 Md. Mahbubul Alam M 46 Service 12 S. M. Shafiqul Islam M 45 Service 13 Md. Ali Miah M 41 Service 14 Md. Rafiqul Huq M 56 Service 15 Reazuddin Ahmed M 50 Assistant Head Master

16 Anwarul Azim M Asstt Teacher

17 Rowshan Ara F 35 Asstt Teacher

18 Shamsun Nahar Joarder F 37 Asstt Teacher

19 Zillar Hossain M 30 Scout Teacher

20 Jahanara Begum F 40 Guardian

Issues and concerns raised (project related): Air pollution may occur if new project implemented without proper mitigation measures There will be no adverse impact on nearby river, canal and crops, vegetation and soil Local traffic movement may be hampered during construction phase, so alternate route can be

suggested. Alternate service road is advised to be constructed and used for power plant. Residential facility of the power plant employee should be increased and improved. There should provision for subsidised gas, water supply and health service for the employee of the

power plant. Capacity of students may be increased for the power plant residents and for local residents residing

outside of the power plant complex. Safety and security will not be affected by the proposed project activities. New project will definitely increase the employment opportunity. Authority should take the responsibility of the safety aspects including using personal protective

equipment. Industrial activity will be benefited as successful implementation of the proposed project will add

more power in the national power grid. Issues and concerns raised (existing environment related): River depth is gradually lowering because of unplanned industrial invasion around the impact area

outside the project site, the government should take care to restore flow of adjacent river as national wealth.


v

Air temperature within power plant complex is higher than the adjacent villages. Noise level reaches higher than the standard level at some specific location inside the power plant Health services are not up to the standard at this locality, but minor pathological tests may be

introduced in the local medical center within the power plant complex. Water supply is adequate and quality of the drinking water is good. Waste management system is systematic and dustbin is used inside the power plant. There is no separate storm water drainage system inside the power plant. The old residential houses often submerge during excessive rainfall. Comments of the Interviewer: People said that existing Russian power plant is generating power and connected in the national grid system. Gradually the power plant complex area is being congested with many establishments like one rental power plant has been built inside this power plant. The respondents opined that, the existing school within power complex need to be upgraded to a intermediate college facility. They also recommended for establishment of one auditorium hall at school premises for all type of educational and social activities for school children and residents of this power plant complex. The WTP and ETP are expected to be set adjacent to the school boundary wall so, the teachers, guardian, students expressed their concern about the noise and odour expected to be generated. Under this circumstances, proper attention need to be given, the WB safeguard policies, DoE emission and noise standard should be strictly followed by the contractors and EGCB Ltd. subsequently. FGD meeting no.4 Location of FGD : Silo Gate, (Impact area)

Thana: Narayanganj Sadar

Category : Mixed

Date : October 03, 2010 Time : 03:45 PM


1 Md. Alhaj Abdus Salam M 49 Service

2 Md. Mohsin M 45 Service

3 Md. Alhaj Ali Asgar M 40 Service

4 Md. Abdul Mannan M 42 Service

5 Md. Shah Alam M 50 Service

6 Md. Ruhul Amin M 45 Service

7 Md. Milon M 34 Service

8 Md. Hossain Ali M 25 Service

9 Md. Abed Ali M 50 Service

10 Md. Ramjan Ali M

11 Setara Begum F 54 Service

12 Rowshan Ara Begum F 52 Service

Issues and concerns raised (project related): Workers in the power plant may be affected by the excessive exposure of the intolerable noise if

proper PPE were not used. New project will engage more manpower from the locality. River and canal water will not be affected. Fish resource may adversely affect if hot water discharged from the proposed power plant.


vi

There will be no negative impact on the crops, soil, terrestrial flora and domestic animal due to the proposed project activities.

Job opportunity will be increased if the new power plant operates as a limited company. Traffic and pedestrian movement outside the existing power plant complex will be hampered if

vehicle used for construction is not properly managed. During the construction stage noise pollution will occur to some extent. Existing WB safe guard policies and GoB’s industrial rules should be followed during construction

and operation stage. Issues and concerns raised (existing environment related): Sedimentation at river ways will not be expected during construction and operation of this project. Air temperature inside the plant complex is higher than the outside, temperature seems good at our

locality. Harmful noise may be produced if proper attentions are not taken during construction and operation

activities. Fishes in the Shitalakhaya River is rarely available now a days, because of gradual invasion of

unplanned industries at this locality around impact area. Transport service in the area is not good as condition of the bus, truck, utility vehicles are very poor Quality of education is good but people feel the absence of university in Narayanganj district Solid waste management system is up to the standard inside the power plant complex but outside the

complex area waste management is not up to the mark. Residents usually affected due to excessive rainfall, because of not proper drainage system around the

impact area. The project authority can help the local residents to repair the adjacent road for the local residents

outside the power plant complex. Comments of the Interviewer: Student capacity of the school within power plant complex should be increased to accommodate more local students as the school inside power plant complex is having good reputation. They also expect more employment from the local villages for this project.

Annex-XIII- DOE standards for industrial and sewage discharges i

ANNEX-XIII

DOE STANMDARDS FOR INDUSTRIAL

AND SEWAGE DISCHARGES

Annex-XIII- DOE standards for industrial and sewage discharges ii

ANNEX-XIII-DOE standards for industrial effluent & sewage discharges

Table-1: Bangladesh Standards for Sewage Discharge

Parameters Unit Values BOD mg/l 40 Nitrate mg/l 250 Phosphate mg/l 35 Suspended Solids (SS) mg/l 100 Temperature oC 30 Coliforms number/100ml 1000

Source : Schedule- 9, Rule-13, Environment Conservation Rules, 1997. (Page-3131 of the Bangladesh Gazette of 28 August 1997) (Own authentic translation from original Bengali)

Note : 1. These standards are applicable for discharge into surface and inland water bodies. 2. Chlorination is to be done before final discharge.

Table-2: Bangladesh Standards for Industrial and Project Effluent

Sl. No. Parameters Unit

Discharge To Inland Surface Water

Public Sewer to Secondary Treatment Plant

Irrigable Land

1 Ammonical nitrogen (as elementary N) mg/l 50 75 75 2 Ammonia (as free ammonia) mg/l 5 5 15 3 Arsenic (as As) mg/l 0.2 0.05 0.2 4 BOD5 at 20oC mg/l 50 250 100 5 Boron mg/l 2 2 2 6 Cadmium (as Cd) mg/l 0.05 0.5 0.5 7 Chloride mg/l 600 600 600 8 Chromium (as total Cr) mg/l 0.5 1.0 1.0 9 COD mg/l 200 400 400 10 Chromium (as hexavalent Cr) mg/l 0.1 1.0 1.0 11 Copper (as Cu) mg/l 0.5 3.0 3.0 12 Dissolved oxygen (DO) mg/l 4.5-8 4.5-8 4.5-8 13 Electro-conductivity (EC) µsiemens/cm 1200 1200 1200 14 Total dissolved solids mg/l 2100 2100 2100 15 Flouride (as F) mg/l 2 15 10 16 Sulfide (as S) mg/l 1 2 2 17 Iron (as Fe) mg/l 2 2 2 18 Total kjeldahl nitrogen (as N) mg/l 100 100 100 19 Lead (as Pb) mg/l 0.1 1 0.1 20 Manganese (as Mn) mg/l 5 5 5 21 Mercury (as Hg) mg/l 0.01 0.01 0.01 22 Nickel (as Ni) mg/l 1.0 2.0 1.0 23 Nitrate (as elementary N) mg/l 10.0 Not yet set 10 24 Oil and grease mg/l 10 20 10 25 Phenolic compounds (as C6H5OH) mg/l 1.0 5 1 26 Dissolved phosphorus (as P) mg/l 8 8 15 27 Radioactive substance (to be specified by Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission) 28 PH 6-9 6-9 6-9 29 Selenium (as Se) mg/l 0.05 0.05 0.05 30 Zinc (as Zn) Mg/l 5 10 10 31 Total dissolved solids Mg/l 2100 2100 2100

32 Temperature oC (summer)

oC (winter) 40 45

40 45

40 45

33 Suspended solids Mg/l 150 500 200 34 Cyanide Mg/l 0.1 2.0 0.2

Source : Schedule –10, Rule-13, Environment Conservation Rules, 1997 (Page 3132 - 3134 of the Bangladesh Gazette of 28 August 1997) (Own authentic translation from original Bengali).

Annex-XIII- DOE standards for industrial and sewage discharges iii

Note : These standards will be applicable for all industries other than those which are specified under ‘industrial sector specific standards’. These standards will have to be complied from the moment of trial production in case of industries and from the moment of the very beginning in case of projects. These standards will have to be met at any point of time and any sampling. In case of need for ambient environment condition, these standards may be made stringent. Inland surface water will include drains, ponds, tanks, water bodies, ditches, canals, rivers, streams and estuaries. Public sewer means leading to full fledged joint treatment facility comprising primary and secondary treatment. Land for irrigation means organized irrigation of selected crops on adequate land determined on the basis of quantum and characteristics of waste water. If any discharge is made into public sewer or on land which does not meet the respective definitions in notes 5 and 6 above, then the inland surface water standards will apply.

Annex-XIV-EMU of EGCB 1

ANNEX-XIV. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT UNIT

1 Environmental Management Unit (EMU) of EGCB

At preset the EGGB has one Manager Environment (Environment Management Specialist) at the corporate office to look after environmental, occupational health and safety issues of the corporate office. In addition to the activities of corporate Office, the Manager Environment is supervising the environmental monitoring and management activities of 2x 120 MW PPP financed by ADB located at Siddhirganj power plant complex, new Horipur 360 MW CCPP funded by JICA located at Horipur within Bandar upazilla under Narayanganj district and also proposed 450 MW CCPP under financial assistance of WB located at Siddhirganj power plant complex. This may be noted that the environmental monitoring and management activities of all the plants at both Horipur power plant complex and Siddhirganj power plant complex have increased volume of work load for the EMU of corporate office and will be necessary to restructure manpower arrangements of EMU in the EGCB organogram. Regarding manpower requirements, it is suggested that each power plant shall have separate set up under EMU of corporate Office. The EMU of corporate Office shall be headed by at least one Senior Environment Management Specialist (DGM-equivalent) to supervise environmental, occupational health and safety issues of corporate office, and of all power plants located at Horipur and Siddhirganj power plant complexes. The detail of EMU manpower structure is suggested below as Fig-1. This may be noted that strengthening of manpower of EMU of EGCB corporate Office is also suggested earlier by WB in DAP during 2008. Central laboratory for supporting environmental monitoring programme The current analytical laboratory under 210 MW thermal power plant has to be upgraded as central laboratory and placed under EMU of EGCB Ltd. The capacity of the central laboratory shall be increased to carry necessary analytical works for all power plants located at Siddhirganj power plant complex and also analysing of all monitoring parameters needed to meet GOB and WB requirements. In this regard, a need assessment for laboratory equipment and facilities will be required by an independent laboratory expert and on the basis of that it will be developed. The fund necessary for upgrading of the suggested central laboratory may be obtained from GOB. This may be noted that the above suggested central laboratory may be used as a reference laboratory for other power plants under Ministry of Power, Energy and Mineral Resources, GOB. The development of a central laboratory can save cost of environmental monitoring activities and will also ensure good quality of data.

Annex-XIV-EMU of EGCB 2

Fig-1. proposed Man power structure of EMU, EGCB

Managing Director

Director Technical

Senior Environment Management Specialist

(DGM)

Manager Env./DM

Env. 450 MW Manager Env./DM

Env. 2×120 MW PPP

Manager Env./DM Env. 360 MW CC

PPP

-OHS Officer=1 &Jr.Chem.=1

DM Env./AM Env. 100 MW

GT

Manager Env./DM

Env. 210 MW ST

Chemical Lab (Existing-210

MW TP)





Annex-XV-Fire fighting equipment at Siddhirganj power plant complex

Annex-XV-Fire fighting equipment currently at the disposal of Assistant Director Security of Siddhirganj Power plant complex Table-1. The list of the firefighting facilities are summarized in the following table Sl no.

Name of the firefighting equipment and facilities

Capacity

Quantity Last date of test

Chemicals and Sand

1 Dry Chemical Powder 50 Kg 12 05/01/2010 2 Dry Chemical Powder 15 11 05/01/20103 Dry Chemical Powder 8 39 05/01/20104 Dry Chemical Powder 5 45 05/01/20105 Carbondioxide (CO2) 40 Liters 12 05/01/20106 Carbondioxide (CO2) 5 24 05/01/20107 Carbondioxide (CO2) 3 28 05/01/20108 Foam type 8 22 05/01/2010

9 Water Bucket 8 05/01/201010 Sand Bucket 8 05/01/2010

Fire Hydrant point 11 Main Building Stair case area of

210 MW Power plant office 06 05/01/2010

12 Main Building 0-meter area of 210 MW Power plant office

10 05/01/2010

13 Main Building Boiler House area of 210 MW Power plant office

04 05/01/2010

14 Main Building 12 & 18 meters area of 210 MW Power plant office

15 05/01/2010

15 Water treatment plant 06 05/01/201016 Hydrogen Plant 02 05/01/201017 Workshop Building 07 05/01/201018 Oil Refinery Plant 05 05/01/201019 PM Warehouse 15 05/01/201020 Project area (outside building) 23 05/01/2010sub total

93

21

Fire hose pipe (30 meters each) 65 05/01/2010

Source: Assistant Director, Security Siddhirganj power plant complex, Narayangonj.