Final Report Saddam

8/19/2019 Final Report Saddam

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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 General introduction

The Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences of Bahria University , Islamabad

was organized four days field trip from !th December to ""th December "#$ to Sargodah

and %hinote& The aim was to study and observe the structure of roc's and to carry out

understanding of the geology of area&&

1.2 Introduction to AreaThe study area comprises of (recambrian igneous and meta)sedimentary roc's of the

Indian shield& The Indian shield roc's form outcrops as low)lying barren scattered hills, isolated

by the intervening alluvial (un*ab plain& They are+ irana, %hiniot, Sangla hill and Shah 'ot& The

irana hills e-tend e-tends for appro-imately ## 'm east to west and the western most hill is

only .# 'm south of the salt range& The foremost roc's are grey)green hardened shale, slates,

reddish /uartzite, thin diabase bands and layers of rhyolite and rhyolitic tuffs& The western hills

show 01)SE stri'e and are dominated by /uartzites whereas the eastern hills have 0E)S1

stri'e and show more argillaceous roc's& The irana volcanics constitute the oldest leftovers of

broad volcanoplutonic suites which mar' important tectono)magmatic events in the late

proterozoic period in (a'istan& The volcanic suites belong to tholeiitic basalt)andesite)rhyolite

magma association& The volcanics are interbedded with intercalations of volcanogenic sediments

and tuffs& The overlying meta)sedimentary units are Tuguwali, phyllites and 2sianwla /uartzites

respectively&


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1.3 Previous iterature

The area was previously e-plored by 2bdul 3ateen, Syed 2lim 2hmed, and 3uhammad

0awaz %haudhary and others&

The authors established that the e-posed formations were not part of Indian shield roc's as

previously believed 4%haudhary et al&, 5556 rather they are distinctive assemblages of cratonic

rift& The 'irana hill in the area is considered to be the largest outcrop with a general northwest

stri'e& 7verall geology of the area is mafic suits of theolitic basalts, basaltic andesite and minor

andesite, while felsic roc's are rhyolite and minor dacites&

The concept of Indian shield encapsulated the purely cratonic crystalline roc's that had been

a relatively stable part of the earth8s crust over a long period of time and has only undergone

gentle wrapping& 9owever according to the petro genetic interpretations of 'iranavolacanics, it

has been suggested that bimodal suites may be produced in e-tensional environments, hence

shedding doubt on it being part of Indian shield&

1.! ocation and Accessi"ilit#

Sargodha 4the city of eagles6 is the administrative center of Sargodha division of (un*ab

province (a'istan& Sargodha is the th in the :ist of most populated metropolitan areas in

(a'istan and $th largest in (un*ab&

Sargodha itself is located "#; 'm 4"! miles6 from :ahore the second largest city in (a'istan and

"


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$i%ure 1 &atellite I'a%e o( &ar%oda)

$i%ure 2 &atellite I'a%e o( C)inot

=


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1.* O"+ectives o( t)e $ield Tri,

The primary purpose of this field was to enhance the 'nowledge of students and ma'e them

able to identify and analyze different roc' types and structures in the field& To enable the studentshow to measure dip and stri'e with brunton compass in the field and how to ma'e rough

s'etches of out crops with proper lithology and structures&

The main purpose of the field trip was to familiarize students with geology and stratigraphy of

irana hills and %hiniot area& To enable them to distinguish between different roc' types& To

give them sufficient 'nowledge for the use of different field e/uipment i&e& brunton compass,

hand lens, geological hammer and inch meter, so that the students at the end of field study should

'now how to measure dip and stri'e, bearing of *oints and outcrops, from where and how

samples should be ta'en and how to measure the contacts, width and length of different strata& It

has also been the focus of field e-cursion, to advise students how to perform acid test on a

certain lithology and what results to be concluded on its basis& 7ne of the ob*ectives of field trip

was to enable the students to ma'e s'etch of any type of outcrop through different field

e-ercises& To e/uip students with the 'nowledge of determination of different features and

structures such as sheared zones, veins, convolute banding, ripple mar's, mineralizationAore

mineralization, laminaAbeds, talus, etc& was also an ob*ective&

1.- Eui,'ent used/

(S for identifying latitude and longitude

Brunton %ompass for measuring dip and stri'e&

9and lens to spot fossils and grain size&

eological hammer for collecting samples&

3easuring Tape for measuring bed thic'ness&. 3ethodology

o 7bserve the formation members, outcrops, and lithology and ma'e cross)sections&

o 3easure the dip stri'e and draw the s'etches of the deformational structures

o Ta'e samples and cross match to observe similarities and differences&


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CHAPTER 2

2 GENERA GEOOG0 &TRATIGRAPH0

2.1 To,o%ra,)# o( irana Hills

The irana 9ills is a small mountain range in (a'istanCs (un*ab province& It spans

appro-imately


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2.3$or'ations O( THE &tud# AreaTa"le 4.1 s)o5s various $or'ations o( t)e &tud# Area

Group Formation Description

Machh Super

Group

Sharaban formation Conglomerates with slate

intercalations.

Hadda formation Calcareous quartzite

Asianwala Formation 3ainly /uartzite with sub ordinate

/uartz wac'es A arenaceous slates,

gritty /uartzite and slates, often

showing cross bedding and

ripple marks

uguwali Formation Slates! "ne grained quartz

wackes # arenaceous slates

Chak $$%

Conglomerates

(olymict conglomerate with clasts

of dolerite and acid

&olcanics.

Hachi 'olcanics

&olcanogenic slates 7ften interbedded with rhyolite A

rhyolitic tuff and

dolerite

&olcanics Dolerites, andesites, dacites, dacitic

tuff, rhyolites and

(h)olitic tu*.

2.3.1Hac)i Grou,

0amed after the type :ocality at 9achi 9ill lies between latitude => $


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slates, phyllites, tuffs and lava flows& 2t the type locality it is $;80

and longitude .">


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2.3.! Asian5ala $or'ation

The formation drives its name from the 2sianwala canal rest house which lies between

latitude => $5C =!CC0 and .">


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2.3.- &)ara"an $or'ation

0amed after the type locality at Sharaban hill, about ! 'm SE of Sargodha the formation is

characterized by a "# m thic' se/uence of conglomerates with minor lenses of fine)grained

/uartzite&

The conglomerate is thic' bedded 4$)# m6 and contains flattened and elongated pebblesand cobbles 4)#cm6 of /uartzite and slate, apparently derived from the older se/uences in this

region& The conglomerate also contains limestone pebbles that must have come from distant

source since there are no limestone outcrops in this region&

0o fossils have been found in this formation &Its upper part is covered by alluvium&

5


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&

#$i%ure 3 Geolo%ical resource 'a, o( irana Area


11/37


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CHAPTER 3

TECTONIC &ETTING&

3.1 Tectonics o( t)e area The irana 9ills in (a'istan are e-posed in the (un*ab plains and represent remnants of the

(recambrian igneous activity within the irana)3alani basin of 0E ondwana& They are mainly

comprised of mafic and felsic roc's which belong to tholeiiticbasalt)rhyolite magma association

with meta)sediments& 3afic roc's are mainly comprised of theoleiitic basalts, basaltic andesites

and felsic roc's are rhyolites and minor dacites Hhyolites and dacites&

The Hhyolite volcanism occurred during the separation of Hadinia supercontinent as a result

of tectonic events with irana3alanibasin&Theirana 9ills volcanic is 0eoproterozoic in age,

representing the isolated outcrops of volcanic and sedimentary roc's scattered in the (un*ab

plain areas from %hiniot to Sargodha& The volcanics are the remnants of the widespread

(recambrian igneous activity within the irana)3alani basin of 0E ondwana& The irana 9ills

are very important economic sources of aggregates in the (un*ab province indicates that a variety

of roc's are e-posed in the area that includes volcanics and meta)sedimentary roc' groups&

"


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CHAPTER !

$IED O6&ER7ATION&

This section contains all the observations that were conducted on the field& The

observations are mentioned in a se/uence with which field was conducted&

!.1 DA0 $IR&T

7n !th December "#$ we arrived at our first stop, we strolled further to our destination

where our teacher let us 'now about the zone which was illa (ahari& The reason for day was to

get ac/uainted with the volcanic roc's and to have the capacity to distinguish them&

!.1.2 &tation 1

2rea+ %ha' ## (indi Hasool

:atitude+ =7 $!8 "


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$i%ure ! Dolerite di8e intrudin% into 9uar:ite

$i%ure * 9uart: veins ,resent in dolorite


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uartzite was present in that area that is meta sedimentary roc' and had been formed by the

partial metamorphism of sandstone& (resence of /uartzite was confirmed with the help of the

presence of chert in it& uartzite also had sand size particles in it& Banded /uartzite and schist pebbles in lense form&

!.1.! &to, 2

2t second stop same doloritic dy'e was available yet after erosion& There were faults and

folds that were visible on the outcrop& %onvolution banding and *oints were also present in

it&Se/uence of synclines and anticlines was also visible there& Dragging effect was observed on

the anticline& This zone was deformed zone normally in these area normal faulting was common

but due to dragging effects thrust faulting was common due to inverse tectonics The outcrop

showed inversed tectonics& uartzite is now intruded by Hhyolite& 7n stop two we observed

rhyolite having glassy te-ture, fresh color grey and weathered rusted color, *oints were also

present from which gases were e-pelled, 2nastamosal structure were present form during stress&

In between the fold breccias was present which was because of shearing&Dendrite li'e te-ture of

manganese was visible in rhyolite&Feldspar as phenocryst of pin'ish color were also visible in

rhyolite&

Stri'e+ 0 ;$ 1

Dip + ;# S1

$


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$i%ure - Cross section s)o5s reverse $ault

$i%ure ; Dandiritic te


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!.1.! DA0 T=O

&tation 1

:ocation+ cha' #.

:atitude+ =>$;?#??0

:ongitude + .">


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$i%ure > &edi'entr# cover on 9uar:ite

$i%ure ? T)rust (ault ,resent in Asi a5ala $or'ation

!


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!.1.; &to, 2

7n stop two we observed shattered roc's which consist of copper and chalcopyrite,

con*ugate bandings were also present &There is an alteration between sand stone, siltstone

and clay or mudstone, called turbidities& It is also called Bouma se/uence& Bedding is also

present there& Iron in red color is present there which is due to metamorphism or heat&

&tation 1

:atitude+ =O

$


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!.1.> &to, 3

!.1.? &tation 1

:atitude + 0=o$;8.J

:ongitude + E."o


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&tation 1

2rea %ha' # 7 Sharaban Gillage

:atitude+ =

7

$;8 ";&=88 0

:ongitude+ ."7


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!.1.11&to, 3

1e had observed convolution banding i&e& sedimentary structure and was presentdue to physical weathering or due to water action&The convolution banding was discovered

by Dr&Tahseenullah han two years ago but the native thought that 2llah and 3uhammad

4(BU96 is written on roc's&

$i%ure 13 s)o5s convolute 6eddin%

!.1.12 &tation !

:ongitude+ ."o


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!.1.1! &to, *

9ere we observed basalts& Due to metamorphism of sandstone, /uartzite was formed and

/uartzite present in the area was dar' grey in color and had calcite in it that was greenish white

in color& This calcite was confirmed by performing the acid test& 1e had observed some well

developed shiny crystals present in calcite called dog tooth spar, these were the ore minerals&

In /uartzite, gemstone *asper was present which is red variety of /uartz and cannot be

scratched with hammer& asper is sometimes called chert and is cryptocrystalline silica& 3etallic

minerals were also present and had shine in them&/uartz vein was also present it and ore

mineralization occurred due to hydrothermal fluid& %rumpled material present due to shearing&

$i%ure 1! s)o5s Ge'stone @es,er in 9uar:ite

"=


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!.1.1* &to, - /

1e had reached a place where adit was present& 9ematite was present at the top of adit having a brown strea' and blac' color& Hhyolite intruded into /uartzite, rhyolite provided the heat source

to hematite mineralization, and therefore hematite is found in fractures and *oints& 1hen

/uartzite was scratched, calcite was visibly present beneath it& 2t the right side of adit, schist and

rhyolite were present and /uartzite was present on the left side of adit&

$i%ure 1* s)o5s Adit and )e'atite 'inerali:ation in (or' o( vein

"


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!.1.1-&tation ;

:atitude + =o$;8#J0

:ongitude + ."o


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!.2 DA0 THREE

!.2.1 &tation 1

:ocation+ Shaheenabad area

latitude => $$? 5?? 0

longitude ."> =!? ==?? E

!.2.2 &to, 1

7n day three we observed hachi group, & It was made out of volcanic basalts, tuffacious slates,

dolerite, and rhyolite& The iron and magnetite veins were li'ewise e-hibit& The roc's here were

molten and meta)sedimentary roc's& The specimen was made out of tuffacious slate and had iron

substance in it, thic' /uartz and minor calcite veins were also present, iron leaching was also

ta'e place there, it was highly sheared zone&

";


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$i%ure 1; s)o5s Tu((acious slatesBdoleriteBr)#oliteB "asalt..

!.2.3 &to, 2

There we observed we rhyolite, fresh color light green to grey and weathered brown to rusty ,

this zone was highly sheared zone

!.2.! &to, 3

There we observed basaltic roc's, fresh color was dar' green and weathered color dar' grey

Stri'e + 0=#1

Dip direction 0=#E

Dip angle+ =#

!.2.* &to, !

The specimen was made out of /uartzite as particles were obvious& %oncoidal faults were

additionally introduce&

".


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!.2.- &to, *

The specimen was made out of rhyolite& The calcite or /uartz veins were li'ewise e-hibit& Themagnetite were additionally introduce inside calcite veins& (yrite was li'ewise sedimented&

Stri'e + 0"#1

Dip direction + 0E

Dip angle + "$

!.2.; &tation 2

2fter offering Friday prayer we moved toward new station of hachi volcanic group

!.2.> &to, 1

1hen moving forward the very large di'e was seen of micro granite 4coarse grained6 which is

inturded in the basaltic roc'& 3icro granite have main composition of al'i fledpar& Biotite may

also found in this di'e,zenolith were present in the di'e which is the indication that di'e isyounger than the basalt That di'e was younger than the parent roc' they was also pinchout is

shown in figure, the length of the di'e is almost 5=$ feet and width is . meter

"!


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$i%ure 1> s)o5s enolit)s intrude (ro' ,arent roc8 to 'icro %ranite di8e

$i%ure 1? 7er# s)ar, contact "et5een 6asalt and 'icro %ranite

"5


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!.2.14 &to, / 2

9ere we observe rhyolite present between basalt, fresh color greenish tolight grey, weathered

color light brown

!.2.11&to, / 3

1e observed sheared roc's, lithology was dolorite having igneous te-ture& 2lso observed meta

volcanic roc's having apegenitic te-ture&

=#


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!.3 DA0 $OUR

!.3.1 &tation 1

:ocation+ %hiniot village

:atitude+ =o


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$i%ure 24 s)o5s iron 'inerali:ation

="


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CONCU&ION

Field e-cursion concludes that area has pre %ambrian age roc's composed of meta)

sedimentary and igneous roc's& 3eta)sedimentary roc's are /uartzite, slates and phyllites while

basalt, rhyolite and dolerites represent igneous origin& 2rea is e-tensively sheared, magmatic

intrusions can be observed by presence of dy'es, fractures and *oints while hematite, calcite and

/uartz veins represent the hydrothermal mineralization& 2cademically area is pretty good for

understanding hard roc's, hydrothermal activities and paleo)environments and economically area

has potential of metallic minerals and building materials&

==


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RE$ERENCE&2hmad, S& 2&, 3ateen, 2&, han, K&& and %haudhary, 3& 0&, "###& eology and geochemistry

of 0eoproterozoiciranaGolcanics, Sargodha District, (un*ab, (a'istan& eol& Bull& (un*ab Univ&

=$, pp&, $5 L .&

Stratigraphy of (a'istan, Ibrahim Shah, "##5&

2lam, &S 45!.6& eology of irana 9ills, District Sargodha, (un*ab, (a'istan&eol& Bull&

Surv& (a'& Inf& Helease "#,=;p&

9eron, 2&3& 45=6, The irana and other hills in the ech and Hechna Doabs& Hecs& eol& Surv&

India


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%92(TEH &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&

I0TH7DU%TI70&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&

& eneral introduction&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&

&" Introduction to 2rea&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&

&= (revious :iterature&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&"

&< :ocation and 2ccessibility&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&"

&$ 7b*ectives of the Field Trip&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&<

&; E/uipment used+&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&<&. 3ethodology&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&<

%92(TEH "&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&$

" E0EH2: E7:7M N STH2TIH2(9M&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&$

"& Topography of irana 9ills&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&$

"&" Structural Kones of irana roup&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&$

"&=Formations 7f T9E Study 2rea&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&;

"&=&9achi roup&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&.

"&=&" Tuguwali Formation&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&.

"&=&" Tuguwali Formation&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&.

"&=&; Sharaban Formation&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&5

%92(TEH =&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&"

TE%T70I% SETTI0S&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&"

=& Tectonics of the area&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&"

%92(TEH


36/37


37/37

HEFEHE0%ES&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&=<

Figure Satellite Image of Sargodah&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&=

Figure " Satellite Image of %hinot&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&=

Figure = eological resource map of irana 2rea&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&

Figure < Dolerite di'e intruding into uarzite&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&<Figure $ uartz veins present in dolorite&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&<

Figure ; %ross section shows reverse Fault&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&;

Figure . Dandiritic te-ture of manganese in Hhyolite&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&;

Figure ! Sedimentry cover on uarzite&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&!

Figure 5 Thrust fault present in 2si awala Formation&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&!

Figure # shows chalcopyrite inclusion&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&5

Figure sedimentry Di'e in uarzite&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&"#

Figure " shows contact between Sharaban Formation and 9adda uarzite&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&"

Figure = shows convolute Bedding&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&""

Figure < shows emstone esper in uarzite&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&"=Figure $ shows 2dit and hematite mineralization in form of vein&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&"<

Figure ; shows 3assive mineralization in Sharaban Formation&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&"$

Figure . shows Tuffacious slates,dolerite,rhyolite, basaltO&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&".

Figure ! shows Penoliths intrude from parent roc' to micro granite di'e&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&"5

Figure 5 Gery sharp contact between Basalt and micro granite&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&"5

Figure "# shows iron mineralization&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&="

M

Table #& shows various Formations of the Study 2rea&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&;

Final Report Saddam

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