Final psychpowerpoint (1)

What to do about corporal punishment of children: How research should (or should not) affect our

principles.

Presentation Group: Páraic Ó Súilleabháin, Katherine Semas, Elaine Gallagher, Lara Estes, Joshua Cuddy,

Sommer Mc Whirter.

Which of these, are banned in public schools throughout the United States of America?

Peanuts Corporal Punishment

What do these people have in common?

Principled Arguments in Support of Corporal Punishment

• Conservative Religious Groups

• In South Korea the use of corporal punishment is widely supported

• Many physician and pediatricians support corporal punishment.

Principled Arguments Against Corporal Punishment

• Brenner (1998) found evidence to show that corporal punishment is not good healthy for children

• Others like Romeo (1996) focus on the emotional damage a child will have because of corporal punishment.

• Others such as Larzelere (1996) believe that the effects of physical and non-physical punishment “probably depend on when and how parents implement it, its role in their overall approach to parental discipline, and the overall parent-child relationship (Andero 2002).

Research in Support of Corporal Punishment of Children

•There is little research evidence that demonstrates the effectiveness of corporal punishment of children, however a number of studies have suggested that there are a few advantages of corporal punishment.

Vockell (1991) indicates three potential advantages:

1.It is perceived by the recipient as unpleasant.2.It can be administered quickly and be over with quickly. 3.It is a very clear, specific, and obvious consequence.

•A meta-analysis (Gershoff, 2002) study indicated that corporal punishment has only one desirable effect. Gershoff (2002) revealed that corporal punishment is associated with increased immediate compliance.

Research Against Corporal Punishment of Children

• There is a huge body of empirical research that does not support the use of corporal punishment (CP) of children.

Corporal punishment of children is associated with: 1. Increased aggression 2. Increased anti-social behaviours3. Decreased quality of the parent-child relationship4. Decreased mental health outcomes5. Increased adult abusive behaviour6. CP decreases internalization of moral rules

Strengths and Weaknesses of the Research

Strengths Weaknesses

Substantial amount of empirical research

Diverse populations

used in studies

Lack of understanding

in the definition of

CP.

Method of assessing corporal

punishment

Specific Proposition- Against

According to research findings, our group is against corporal punishment in the classroom and in the home

Reasoning

◦ There is very little evidence that demonstrates that CP benefits children

◦ The majority of research shows there is a negative impact of CP:

Humiliation for student Possibility of increased aggression Long term psychological effects

Final Recommendations In the School

Empirical research shows Corporal Punishment has no place in the school environment

In school’s cp has shown to instigate:

Long Term psychological and physical damage.

Humiliation.

Increased aggression and defiance towards learning (Dupper & Montgomery, 2008)

In the Home

Despite its practice by 50-65% of parents (Tharps, 2003), corporal punishment slowly needs to outlawed in the home.

The following steps need to be taken in order to curb the practice of cp:

1. Recognition that CP is a violation of Internal Human Rights Law (Gershoff & Bitensky, 2007)

2. Government programs to raise awareness of the negative outcomes

3. Raised awareness of a clear, legal definition of what CP means

4. Over time assessment of the practice and long term movement to ban practice

References Andero, A. (2002). Issue of Corporal Punishment: Re-Examined. Journal Of

Instructional Psychology, 29(2), 90. Aucoin, K. J., Frink, P. J., & Bodin, S. D. (2006). Corporal punishment and child

adjustment. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 26 (4), 527–541. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2006.08.001

Beckham, G., & Ellinger,T. (1997). South Korea: Placing education on top of the family agenda. Phi Delta Kappan, 78(8), 624.

Brenner,V., & Fox, R. (1998). Parental discipline and behavior problems in young children. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 159(2), 251.

Combs-Orme, T., & Cain, D. S. (2008). Predictors of mothers’ use of spanking with their infants. Child Abuse & Neglect, 32(6), 649-657. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2007.08.006.

Dupper, D. R., & Montgomery Dingus, A. E. (2008). Corporal Punishment in U.S. Public Schools: A Continuing Challenge for School Social Workers. Children & Schools, 30(4), 243-250.

Dobson, J. (1970). Dare to Discipline. Toronto: Bantam Books. Ellison, C. (1996). Conservative Protestantism and the corporal punishment of

children: Clarifying the issues. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 35(1), 1.

• Gershoff, E. T., & Bitensky, S. H. (2007). The case against corporal punishment of children. Psychology, Public Policy and Law, 13(4), 231-272. Retrieved from http://psycnet.apa.org/?&fa=main.doiLanding&doi=10.1037/1076-8971.13.4.231

• Larzelere, R. (1996).A review of the outcomes of parental use of non-abusive or customary physical punishment. Pediatrics, 99(6), 904.

• McCormick, K. (1992).Attitudes of primary care physicians toward corporal punishment. Journal of the American Medical Association, 267(23), 3161.

• Ramsburg, D. (1997).The debate over spanking. Urbanna, IL: ERIC Clearinghouse on Elementary and Early Childhood Education. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED405139).

• Romeo, F. (1996). Corporal punishment is wrong! Hands are not for hitting! Journal of Instructional Psychology, 23(3), 228.

• Tharps, L. L. (2003). The Truth About Spanking. Essence (Time Inc.), 34(1), 260.

• Vockell, E. L. (1991). Corporal punishment: the pros and cons. The Clearing House, 64(4) 278-283. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/30188613