FOOT STEP POWER GENERATION SYSTEM
PROJECT REPORTAPRIL-2014
Submitted by
NAME REGISTER NUMBER
R.DEEPAK RAJ ANAND 12201769
R.ESWARAMOORTHI 12201773
R.K.GUNASEKARAN 12201776
K.KARTHIK KUMAR
12201783
D.MANIKANDAN
12201785
A.VIGNESH
12201802
In partial fulfilment of the requirements of the award of
DIPLOMA IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
of the
STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING
CHENNAI-600 025
Under the Guidance of
Mr.M.KULOTHUNGAN, M.E., MISTE.HOD/MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
(SANDWICH)
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
CIT SANDWICH POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
GOVERNMENT AIDED INSTITUTION
COIMBATORE -641 014.CIT SANDWICH POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
GOVERNMENT AIDED INSTITUTION
COIMBATORE -641 014
BOARD EXAMINATION PRACTICAL APRIL 2014
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Project Work report on
FOOT STEP POWER GENERATION SYSTEMS
Submitted by the following student for the award of the DIPLOMA
IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Is a bonafide work done by
Mr._________________________
Register no.__________________
In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of
DIPLOMA IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
of State Board Of Technical Education and Training,
Chennai 600 025.
Signature of the guide
(Mr.M.KULOTHUNGAN, M.E., MISTE.,)
[H.O.D. / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING (SANDWICH)]
Submitted for the Board Practical Examination, April 2014 held
on _________________
... ...
Internal Examiner
External Examiner
INDEX
CONTENTSPage. No
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT...6 CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction to the project..8 1.2 Project Over
view...10CHAPTER 2 : SYNOPSIS 2.1 Project Description....13 2.2
Working Principle.14CHAPTER 3 : DESCRIPTION OF THE COMPINENTS 3.1
Foot Step Platform17 3.2 Rack And Pinion17 3.3 Chain And
Sprocket..18 3.4 DC Generator.19 3.5 Shaft20 3.6 Spring..20 3.7
Gear wheel..21 3.8 L.E.D Light.23CHAPTER 4
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES..27 CHAPTER 5
APPLICATIONS.....29CHAPTER 6 : SPECIFICATIONS31CHAPTER 7
:APPROXIMATE COST ESTIMATION........34CHAPTER 8 :
CONCLUSION.....36CHAPTER 9 : PHOTOGRAPHS.38CHAPTER 10 :
DRAWINGS
10.1 Foot step platform...41 10.2 Spring...42 10.3 Rack..43 10.4
Pinion44 10.6 Assembled View...45CHAPTER - 11
BIBILIOGRAPHY...47
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to express our sincere thanks to the management
and to our respected principal, Dr.V.SELLADURAI, Ph.D., M.I.E.,
F.I.P.E., O.R.S.I., for having permitted us to do this project work
by offering adequate duration to complete the work.
We express our sincere thanks to Mr.M.KULOTHUNGAN, ME., MISTE.,
Head of the Department, Department of Mechanical Engineering
(Sandwich) for his valuable advice and guidance to complete this
project work successfullyWith deep sense of gratitude, we extend
our earnest and sincere thanks to our beloved Head Of the
Department Mr.S.KAARMUMKHILAN., M.E., M.I.E., M.I.S.T.E., for his
encouragement and valuable suggestions during this project work
We also express our sincere thanks to the faculty of all
Departments and staff members of our institution, who have helped
us in various ways to complete this project work successfully. We
also express our in depth thanks to our parents, friends and
everyone else those who have helped us either directly or
indirectly for completing our project work successfully.
CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction to the project : Man has needed and used energy
at an increasing rate for his sustenance and wellbeing ever since
he came on the earth a few million years ago Primitive man required
energy primarily in the form of food. He derived this by eating
plants or animals, which he hunted. With the passage of time, man
started to cultivate land for agriculture. He added anew dimension
to the use of energy by domesticating and training animals to work
for him. With further demand for energy, man began to use the wind
for sailing ships and for driving windmills, and the force of
falling water to turn water for sailing ships and for driving
windmills, and the force of falling water to turn water wheels.
Till this time, it would not be wrong to say that the sun was
supplying all the energy needs of man either directly or indirectly
and that man was using only renewable sources of energy. Other
people have developed piezo-electric (mechanical-to electrical)
surfaces in the past, but the Crowd Farm has the potential to
redefine urban space By adding a sense of fluidity and encouraging
people to activate spaces with their movement. The Crowd Farm floor
is composed of standard parts that are easily replicated but it is
expensive to produce at this stage. This technology would
facilitate the future creation of new urban landscapes athletic
fields with a spectator area, music halls, theatres, nightclubs and
a large gathering space for rallies, demonstrations and
celebrations, railway stations, bus stands, subways, airports etc.
like capable of harnessing human locomotion for electricity
generation. With further demand for energy, man began to use the
wind for sailing ships for driving windmills, the force of falling
water to turn water for sailing ships and for driving windmills,
and the force of falling water to turn water wheels. Till this
time, it would not be wrong to say that the sun supplying solar
energy needs of man either directly or indirectly and that man was
using only renewable sources of energy.
1.2 Project Overview:The field of Mechanical Engineering has a
theme word called CHANGE as its backbone. The new technological
advancements and the need of the people have made us think about
this project. Nowadays Power plays an important role in our
society. Particularly in India there is huge demand of power for
human needs.Our project maiden venture into the field of power
generation. This system would be economic utility at all places to
provide power to the needs of the people in their areas. In this
project we are generating electrical power as non-conventional
method by simply walking or running on the foot step. In
construction of foot operated generator project the reciprocal
moment is converted into rotary motion which generates electrical
energy. The control mechanism carries the rack & pinion, D.C
generator, battery and Non-conventional energy system is very
essential at this time to our nation. Non-conventional energy using
foot step needs no input power to generate the output of the
electrical power. This project using simple drive mechanism such as
rack and pinion assembly and chain drive mechanism is used to make
this project. It is very useful one in the day to day human
activities.
CHAPTER 2 : SYNOPSIS2.1 Project Description :
2.2 Working Principle :
The pushing power is converted into electrical energy by proper
driving arrangement. The rack & pinion, spring arrangement is
fixed at the inclined step. The spring is used to return the
inclined step in same position by releasing the load. The pinion
shaft is connected to the supporter by end bearings as shown in
fig. The larger sprocket also coupled with the pinion shaft, so
that it is running the same speed of pinion. The larger sprocket is
coupled to the small cycle sprocket with the help of chain (cycle).
This larger sprocket is used to transfer the rotation force to the
smaller sprocket. The smaller sprocket is running same direction
for the forward and reverse direction of rotational movement of the
larger sprocket. This action locks like a cycle pedalling action.
The fly wheel and gear wheel is also coupled to the smaller
sprocket shaft. The flywheel is used to increase the rpm of the
smaller sprocket shaft. The gear wheel is coupled to the generator
shaft with the help of another gear wheel. The generator is used
here, is permanent magnet D.C generator. The generated voltage is
12Volt D.C. This D.C voltage can be stored to the Lead-acid 12 Volt
battery. Then battery is connected to the inverter. This inverter
is used to convert the 12 Volt D.C to the 230 Volt A.C. That 230
Volt A.C voltage is used to activate the light, fan and etc. Here
we are using L.E.D lights as load to our systems. By increasing the
capacity of battery and inverter circuit, the power rating is
increased. This arrangement is fitted in shopping complex, college
and wherever the large people walking on the footsteps
simultaneously.
CHAPTER 3 :DESCRIPTION OF COMPONENTS
3.1 Foot Step Platform:
This is made up of mild steel sheet. It is 2.5mm steel sheet
fabricated steel structures of size 991mm x 305mm x 2.5mm. This
section is mainly placed in the crowed areas. This footstep
arrangement is attached with spring section.
3.2 Rack And Pinion: Rack and pinion gears are used to convert
rotation (From the pinion) into linear motion (of the rack). Arack
and pinionis a type oflinear actuatorthat comprises a pair
ofgearswhich convert rotational motion into linear motion. The
circularpinionengages teeth on a linear "gear"
bartherack.Rotationalmotion applied to the pinion will cause the
rack to move to the side, up to the limit of its travel.
3.3 Chain and Sprocket :
Asprocketis a profiledwheelwith teeth that meshes with
achain,trackor other perforated or indented material. It is
distinguished from agearin that sprockets are never meshed together
directly, and differs from apulleyin that sprockets have teeth and
pulleys are smooth. The spring is used to return the inclined step
in same position by releasing the load .The pinion shaft is
connected to the supported by end bearings as shown in fig. The
larger sprocket also coupled with the pinion shaft, so that it is
running the same speed of pinion. The larger sprocket is coupled to
the small cycle sprocket with the help of chain (cycle). This
larger sprocket is used to transfer the rotation force to the
smaller sprocket. The smaller sprocket is running same direction
for the forward and reverse direction of rotational movement of the
larger sprocket. This action locks like a cycle pedaling action.
The fly wheel and gear wheel is also coupled to the smaller
sprocket shaft. 3.4 D.C.Generator : In electricity generation, an
electric generator is a device that converts mechanical energy to
electrical energy. The reverse conversion of electrical energy into
mechanical energy is done by a motor, motors and generators have
many similarities. The gear wheel is coupled to the generator shaft
with the help of a nother gear wheel. The generator is used here,
is permanent magnet D.C generator. The generated voltage is 12Volt
D.C.
3.5 Shaft :
In our project there are two shaft is considered i.e. Main shaft
and other one is Primary shaft. Both shafts are made up of mild
steel. It is heavy to with stand the human load and ends are
supported by two end bearings.3.6 Spring : In this project spring
plays an important role for reverse action. That means the upward
motion is gained by the spring deflection.
The material of the spring is mild steel.
Here we are using four number of springs in under step
(Platform).
3.7 Gear wheel :
Gears are mechanical parts with cut teeth designed to mesh with
teeth on another part so as to transmit or receive force and
motion. Gears are also sometimes called toothed wheels or cogged
wheels or cogs. The cut teeth are also sometimes called cogs.
Gears are positive type drives which are used to transmit motion
between two shafts or a shaft and a component having linear motion,
by the meshing of two or more gears. Their definite velocity ratio
is an advantage over other drives (such as traction drives and
V-belts) in precision machines such as watches that depend upon an
exact velocity ratio. In cases where driver and follower are in
close proximity gears also have an advantage over other drives in
the reduced number of parts required; the downside is that gears
are more expensive to manufacture and their lubrication
requirements may impose a higher operating cost. Gears of differing
size are often used in pairs for a mechanical advantage, allowing
the torque of the driving gear to produce a larger torque in the
driven gear at lower speed, or a smaller torque at higher speed.
The larger gear is known as a wheel and the smaller as a pinion.
This is the principle of the automobile transmission, allowing
selection between various mechanical advantages.
A vital aspect of two meshed gears is the gear ratio. It is the
ratio of their rotational speeds. A gearbox is not an amplifier or
a servomechanism. Conservation of energy requires that the amount
of power delivered by the output gear or shaft will never exceed
the power applied to the input gear, regardless of the gear ratio.
Work equals the product of force and distance therefore the small
gear is required to run a longer distance and in the process is
able to exert a larger twisting force or torque, than would have
been the case if the gears were the same size. There is actually
some loss of output power due to friction.The gearwheel section is
attached with the dynamo though the coupling.
3.8 Light Emitting Diode ( L.E.D ): The longer lead is the anode
(+) and the shorter lead is the cathode (&minus). In the
schematic symbol for an LED (bottom), the anodeis on the left and
the cathode is on the right. Light emitting diodes are elements for
light signalization in electronics.
They are manufactured in different shapes, colors and sizes. For
their low price, low consumption and simple use, they have almost
completely pushed aside other light sources- bulbs at first
place.
It is important to know that each diode will be immediately
destroyed unless its current is limited. This means that a
conductor must be connected in parallel to a diode. In order to
correctly determine value of this conductor, it is necessary to
know diodes voltage drop in forward direction, which depends on
what material a diode is made of and what colors it is. Values
typical for the most frequently used diodes are shown in table
below: As seen, there are three main types of LEDs. Standard ones
get full brightness at current of 20mA. Low Current diodes get full
brightness at ten times lower current while Super Bright diodes
produce more intensive light than Standard ones.
CHAPTER 4
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES :
Power generation is simply walking on the step.
Power also generated by running or exercising on the step.
No of need fuel input.
This is a Non-conventional system Battery is used to store the
generated power.
DISADVANTAGES :
Only applicable for the particular place. Mechanical moving
parts is high. Initial cost of this arrangement is high.
Care should be taken for batteries.
CHAPTER 5
APPLICATIONS
This technology would facilitate the future creation of new
urban landscapes, athletic fields with a spectator area, music
halls, theatres, nightclubs and a large gathering space for
rallies, demonstrations and celebrations, railway stations, bus
stands, subways, airports etc. like capable of harnessing human
locomotion for electricity generation. Power generation using foot
step can be used in most of the places such as,
colleges,
schools,
cinema theatres,
Shopping complex and
Many other buildings.
CHAPTER 6
SPECIFICATIONS
RACK
Length, l
=
240mm
Thickness, T
=
17mm
Module, m
=
1.6mm
PINION
Outer diameter, O.D = 60mm
Inner diameter, I.D = 20mm
Width, B = 25mm
Module, m
=
1.6mm
Addendum
=
1.6mm
Dedendum
= 2mm
Tooth Thickness
=
2.513mm
Working Depth =
3.2mm
Pitch diameter, D1 = 38mm
SPRING
Free length, l
=
120mm
Inner diameter, I.D
=
32mm
Outer diameter, O.D
=
36mm
Number of turns, n
=
10
Wire diameter, W.D
=
2mm
BIG SPROCKET WHEEL
Inner diameter, I.D
=
20mm
Outer diameter, O.D
= 135mm
Number of teeth, n
=
32 nos
SMALL SPROCKET WHEEL
Inner diameter, I.D
=
20mm
Outer diameter, O.D
= mm
Number of teeth, n
=
16 nos
SHAFT
Outer diameter, O.D =
20mm
CHAPTER 7
S.NONAME OF THE PART QTYAPPROXIMATE
COST (Rs.)
1Rack and pinion2600
2Chain and sprocket1300
3Spring6800
4Bearing4200
5Shaft2600
6L Angle and Platform 14 Mt2000
7LED Light 1 Mt300
812v - Dynamo1700
8Petrol Allowances __1000
9Fabrication work __4000
10Finishing __2000
TOTAL COST
APPROXIMATE COST ESTIMATION
CHAPTER 8
CONCLUSION
Thus this is a promising technology to provide efficient
solution to power crisis to affordable extent. This will be the
most acceptable means of providing power to the places that
involves difficulties in transmission. Moreover jumping across a
power producing platform, then will be fun for idle people. They
can also improve their health by exercising in such platforms with
earning. This can be used for many applications in rural areas
where power availability is less or totally absence. As India is a
developing country where energy management is a big challenge for
huge population. By using this project we can drive D.C Loads
according to the force.
Hence we have completed the project successfully.
CHAPTER 9 PHOTOGRAPHS
FRONT VIEWSIDE VIEW
CHAPTER 10 : DRAWINGS
10.1 Foot step Plat form:10.2 Rack :10.3 Pinion :10.4 Spring
:10.5 Assembled View :
CHAPTER 11 BIBILIOGRAPHY
Websites Referred:
i. http://www.academia.comii. http://www.wikipedia.comiii.
http://www.wineyard.iniv. http://www.efunda.comBooks Referred:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 2
SYNOPSIS
FOOT STEP ARRANGEMENT
RACK & PINION AND CHAIN SPROCKET ARRANGEMENT
DC GENERATOR
L.E.D LIGHTING LOAD
CHAPTER 3
DESCRIPTION OF COMPONENTS
CHAPTER 4
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
CHAPTER 5
APPLICATIONS
CHAPTER 6
SPECIFICATIONS
CHAPTER 7
APPROXIMATE COST ESTIMATION
CHAPTER 8
CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 9
PHOTOGRAPHS
CHAPTER 10
DRAWINGS
CHAPTER 11
BIBILIOGRAPHY