Flower arrangement Introduction to Flower Arrangements: Flowers are one of the most beautiful creations of God. People, Birds and Insects enjoy them fully. Flowers when brought into the house bring fragrance, color and light. When an arrangement is created using these flowers it gives a new dimension and character to the flowers and also complements the special occasion if any. The arrangements are always appreciated and bring joy to everyone who sees it. The arrangement also reflects your moods and artistic skills. Arrangements can be displayed in the Kitchen , Living Rooms, Room Corners, Stairways, and Bedrooms and even in Bathrooms . There are two different styles of arrangement: 1) Western Arrangement. 2) Japanese Style of Arrangement- Ikebana. 1. Western Arrangement: Here abundant flowers are amassed together and colors are mixed to form arrangements. Planning an arrangement is important keeping in mind the right size, shape, colors and type of flowers used and appropriate containers to hold the flowers. Long-lasting flowers such as Carnations, IIAS college of HMT, Goa Page 1
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Flower arrangement
Introduction to Flower Arrangements:
Flowers are one of the most beautiful creations of God. People, Birds and Insects enjoy them
fully. Flowers when brought into the house bring fragrance, color and light. When an
arrangement is created using these flowers it gives a new dimension and character to the flowers
and also complements the special occasion if any. The arrangements are always appreciated and
bring joy to everyone who sees it. The arrangement also reflects your moods and artistic skills.
Arrangements can be displayed in the Kitchen, Living Rooms, Room Corners, Stairways, and
Bedrooms and even in Bathrooms.
There are two different styles of arrangement:
1) Western Arrangement.
2) Japanese Style of Arrangement- Ikebana.
1. Western Arrangement:
Here abundant flowers are amassed together and colors are mixed to form arrangements.
Planning an arrangement is important keeping in mind the right size, shape, colors and
type of flowers used and appropriate containers to hold the flowers. Long-lasting flowers
such as Carnations, Chrysanthemums, Gladioli, Tube Roses and Orchids are ideal for a
weekly once arrangement. Before buying or cutting flowers, work out the size and shape
of the display. Make sure that the arrangement harmonizes with its surroundings.
Many types of containers can be used like Jugs, Pots, Flower Vases, Teapots, Rustic
Baskets, Bottles, Big Sea Shells, Mugs, Old Watering Cans, Terracotta Pots etc.,
Different types of arrangements created in this style are:
During the early part of the 7th century, the message of the Buddha kindled a new flame
in the hearts of the nature-loving Japanese. The emissary of Prince Shotuko, returning
from China brought back with him the idea of offering arranged flowers to Buddha. Thus,
Ikebana began as a kind of ritual flower offering made in Buddhist temples in Japan as a
means of achieving tranquility of soul. In these arrangements, both the flowers and the
branches were made to point toward heaven as an indication of faith. The emissary – a
gifted painter and sculptor named Ono-no-imoko – was so deeply affected by the idea
that he retired to live beside a lake(Ike) in Kyoto and became a priest(bo) dedicating
himself to the task of recreating the soul of nature in his offerings at the shrine of the
Buddha.
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Types of Flower Arrangement:
"Every flower is a soul blossoming in Nature"
It is well said "Flowers always make people better, happier and more helpful; they are sunshine, food and medicine to the soul.
. "
Flowers are widely used for interior decoration; it gives aesthetic appeal to the ambiance. Flower arrangement is an art and it is widely used in hotel, offices, and hospitals on everyday basis. Flower arrangement may be defined as the art of organizing and grouping together plant materials to achieve harmony of form, color, and texture. They add cheer, beauty, life and happiness to the ambiance.
In hotels flowers are used extensively. There are different arrangements of flower placed on different places. Large spectacular arrangement are kept in the lobby, restaurant and small arrangement are kept in rooms, suites. The extent to which flowers are used in hotel interior depends on the degree of luxury provided. The housekeeper is responsible for all flower arrangement and their placement in most hotels.
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Types of Flower Arrangement:
Circular shape:
Arranging flower in circular design adds a pleasing element. It is satisfying to the viewer's eye. The circular or round shape is loved by nature since majority of flowers lies in this shape. In fact, it’s also easier to arrange flowers in circular fashion. This type of arrangement is laid on conference tables or on buffet tables. They can be presented to high class executives or politicians on different occasion.
Triangular shape:
It is a most common arrangement of flowers used in Personal and Professional functions. Firstly, height and width is fixed with flowers and then focal point is established. It is made in the triangle shape and looks very attractive. They are placed on the buffet table or in the side station. In ceremonies we can find this kind of arrangements.
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Crescent shape:
The crescent is asymmetrical and formal. It requires lot of skill and experience. This type of arrangement is very eye catching. It is kept in the lobby of the hotel. It is used as a focal point to catch the attention of the guest.
Fan shape:
It is a low arrangement and it does not interfere with conversation across the table. It is a fan or a horizontal in shape generally placed in the restaurant either in buffet or on dining table. Hotel rooms also have this kind of arrangement.
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Hogarth or 'S' shape:
This is very graceful style of arrangement. It is easier to make when curved branches are used. Once 'S' shape is made, flowers are filled at the center.
Ikebana: Means 'making flowers live' in Japanese. People in Japan use flowers to symbolize season. They represent ideal harmony between earthy and eternal life. In each arrangement there is an imaginary triangle tallest line represent heaven, towards the heaven is man and the lowest line looking up to both is earth. This is been practiced for past 100 years. The formal type of flower
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arrangement is called Seika style. Floating type of arrangement is called Ukibana and basket type of arrangement is called Morimano.
Flower Arranging Types:
8 basic types of flower arrnagements
Eight Basic Flower Arranging Designs:
If you are used to working with fresh flowers, it will take some time to get used to all the
possibilities and limitations when using silks. Though so similar in use, artificial flowers
are an entirely different art form. The line, focal, filler technique is an excellent way to
design artificial and dried flower arrangements.
Horizontal Arrangements:
1. Using a relatively shallow container, anchor foam with a lot of glue or use anchor pins,
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and position sprays of line flowers to establish the shape of the design.
2. Insert focal flowers in the middle so they gently droop over the lip of the container on
both sides, reach towards the line material and extend on either side of the middle.
Leave room for filler flowers.
3. Fill in and around focal area with filler flowers and foliage.
Vertical Arrangements:
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1. Wedge or secure foam in a vase with hot glue. Cut the stems of the tallest flowers or
leaves to reach three or four times the height of the vase.
2. Place the focal flowers vertically within the diameter of the vase.
3. Fill in the areas as needed with filler flowers.
Triangular Arrangements:
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1. Secure floral foam. Determine the vertical height and horizontal width with the
smallest line flowers and/or leaves. Make the height higher than the width.
2. Position the largest focal flowers in the heart of the arrangement and slightly lower to
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give weight and balance.
3. Fill in with the filler flowers and foliage keeping within the triangular shape.
Crescent Arrangements
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1. Secure foam in container. Determine length of crescent and insert curved line flowers
or leaves to follow the crescent form. Angle the shape to balance in the container.
2. Insert the focal flowers fairly low in the bowl to achieve balance, stability and depth.
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3. Fill in around the focal flowers with smaller flowers and foliage. Place wisps of filler
flowers that gracefully taper off the ends.
Oval arrangements :
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1. Secure the floral foam. Determine the height with line flowers, then frame in the outer
edges of the oval shape with light colored flowers and foliage.
2. Place the largest, strongest or brightest flowers in the focal area.
3. Fill in around the larger flowers and leaves with the filler flowers.
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Minimal Arrangements
1. Adhere foam to container. Insert vertical line flowers to determine the height, and
secure the horizontal line flowers to give the basic outline of the arrangement.
2. Place the focal flowers.
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3. Fill in with filler flowers as needed.
The lazy "S" or "Hogarth's Curve"
1. Anchor the foam securely. Bend the stems gently into graceful curves and insert them in
place so they balance.
2. Add the focal flowers following the lines of the upper and lower curves.
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3. Cluster filler blossoms & foliage around the central flowers maintaining the rhythm of the ‘S’.
Free Standing Arrangements
1. Fill a shallow container with foam that extends one inch over the top. Secure the foam
with hot glue, floral clay or floral tape. Define the shape of the design with the line
flowers and leaves.
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2. Place the focal flowers and leaves, turning the vase as you go so all the sides are even.
3. Add filler flowers to integrate the design.
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How to get ready for flower arrangement?
PURPLE ORCHID FLOWER ARRANGEMENT
Making flower arrangements are not hard it's actually quite simple if you have the correct tools
Once you decide you will need oasis foam that fits into your cage. Usually a block is sufficient. You will then need wire pieces these are used to attach to flowers to give it a longer stem look. I usually use 8" sticks for these. You will attach most of your greenery and or flowers to these wire pieces. (If using flowers that need steady water you will have to get water tubes and insert per flower).
3. Step 3
As you can see I have floral picture holding the leaves that are into the oasis foam
You will then use floral tape to cover the wires this is done just for appearance.
Depending on the arrangement this step is not needed. If using water tubes you will
fasten the tubes to the pikes with floral tape. Remember to fill tubes with water before
It is also coarse and non-porous, but it is easier to penetrate than plastic foam. Secure to the
bottom of the container with hot glue or pan melt glue. Perfect for silk and dried floral
arrangements.
Oasis Foam or Water Holding Floral Foam:
It is highly absorbent. It is best for fresh plants, because it holds water and is easy to penetrate.
Leave a space between the foam and the sides of the container so water can be added to the
flowers. This softer, finer foam is also preferable for standard silks and dried arrangements. It is
perfect for inserting either thick or fragile stems. When using silks or dried flowers, the foam can
be cut up in blocks and stuffed inside the container or shaped to fit, and wedged securely in
place.
Floral Spray Paints :
Floral spray paints designed for dried, silk, and fresh flowers come in a rainbow of colors, including metallic’s and glitter. These sprays are used for changing the color of flowers or adding special color effects and glitter highlights.
Floral Spray Sealer :
A crystal clear spray used in floral arranging to help seal surfaces and create a shine on matt finishes.
"Frog" or Kenzan :
The "frog" or kenzan is a metal device with lots of sharp pins pointing upward. It is used when dry foam will not work, such as in a clear glass bowl or on a plate. The frog is held into place with sticky clay, and then the flower stems are placed into the frog between the steel pins.
Glass Marbles and River Rock:
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Use glass marbles and river rock in clear glass containers.
These polished glass and stone accents can be embedded into the Liquid Illusion resin for color and also can be used in and around arrangements for texture. They also add interest in the bottom of clear glass vases and containers and hide stem ends.
Glue Gun and White Crafts Glue:
A glue gun and hot melt adhesive are indispensable tools that work well for silk and dried flower arrangements. The hot melt adhesive dries quickly and is almost invisible. No crafter's toolbox should be without one. White glue can also be used for the same purpose as a hot-glue gun, but it dries more slowly.
Greening Pins (Ferning Pins) :
Greening pins (also called ferning pins) are used for stabilizing moss and securing other materials to straw or dry foam. The pins may have a "U"shape at the top or an "S"shape.
Liquid Illusion :
Liquid Illusion is used to create the illusion of water in clear glass containers while firmly holding the stems of silk flowers in place. Be sure to follow the manufacturer's instructions for mixing. Glass floral marbles are often embedded in the hard resin for color.
Dry foam is used specifically for dried and silk flower arranging. The dry foam will hold flower or greenery stems at any angle without the use of glue or floral picks. It is easily cut into any shape and placed into any size container.
Preparing the Saturated Foam:
Floral foam bricks self-saturate quickly and continue to wick water to the flowers for the life of
the arrangement. Water lost by evaporation or consumed by the flowers needs to be replaced.
The saturated foam is not a substitute for water. It is best to add bottled water with preservative
to your arrangement daily. As little as 10% moisture losses will cause flower wilting.
Fill a soaking container with fresh water and a proper amount of floral preservative.
The foam should be large enough to be wedged into place and extend 1 to 2" above the
rim of the vase. This allows for top and side placement of stems.
Use flexible, non-corrosive florist's wire to keep flowers in place in a vase. Place some inside the vase and then wrap some around the outside of the vase.
Stones, frosted marbles, and sea glass can also act as a frog in a vase. To add an extra touch, insert tiny waterproof lights. They last about 18 hours in water. Place them under the stones to light up the stones.
Wrap curly willow wire around your hand and insert it into a round bowl vase. Add a few flowers. The willow wire will keep the flowers in place. Change the water every two to three days.
To arrange flowers in a wide-mouthed glass container, use clear florist's tape. Clean the edge of the vase with vinegar so that the tape will stick to the glass. Crisscross the tape across the opening, creating little squares. Insert flowers into each opening.
Use items around the house to make interesting and beautiful arrangements. Fill a large pitcher with hydrangeas and roses, for example.
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Fill a small teapot with dainty flowers.
Wrap a bunch of grass around your hand and insert it into a glass vase. This makes the vase look more natural.
Use rainbow foam to create a display. Just place the desired amount in a zippered bag and add water until the foam is wet. Layer the foam by color in a wide-mouthed vase. Place a sheet of plastic wrap between each layer. Add more water after each layer. Insert flowers.
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How to Make Simple Floral Arrangements?
Make Simple Floral Arrangements
It's 5 p.m. on Saturday and all of a sudden you have guests coming over in a few hours-how do
you spruce up your table? In this article, I'll offer a few different tips on how to save time, money
and make your home look wonderful. This will prepare you for any last minute get-togethers or
Fill out identification card, which can be obtained from a flower shop or hobby store.
Secure the card to the arrangement so the funeral directors know where the arrangement
is supposed to go and the family knows who sent the arrangement.
9 Steps to Making a Great Flower Arrangement
There is so much general information on the internet about what types of flowers to use basic guidelines when arranging flowers, etc. There is a distinct lack of step-by-step information for beginners to use to make their flower arrangement a success.Due to this lack of information, below you will find 9 steps to a great flower arrangement that is aimed at the new flower arranger. The steps are easy to follow and ensure that your flower arrangement not only looks great and professional, but also lasts for as long as possible.
Step 1 –
Select the container that you are going to use and cut your floral foam to fit the container. It is recommended to start with a round container; however the technique that follows is suited to any container.
Soak your foam in a preservative solution. By soaking the foam in the preservative solution before you begin, you allow the foam to absorb the preservative solution, ensuring that there is a sufficient amount to be effective.
Step 3 –
Tape the wet foam down into the container. This will ensure that when making heavy arrangements or arrangements that are going to be moved regularly that the foam stays in its place within the container.
Step 4 –
Hide the foam and cover the edges of the container with a selection of fill material. It is important when working with live flowers that you select a live fill material, this will prevent the fill material from prematurely rotting and spoiling the preservative solution. (Not to mention your arrangement!)
Step 5 –
Select your first flower and begin to arrange it in a circular pattern around the container. When you are happy with how they look, insert the stems into the foam. This should be a simple case of sliding the stem into the wet foam. If you experience difficulty with this step, you can pre-poke the holes for the stems.
Step 6 –
Add a few of your selected flowers to the center of your container. Bear in mind that your final result will be a dome shaped arrangement, so consider this when selecting the height to use.
Step 7 –
Continue with your selection of flowers, gradually increasing the height as you approach the center of your container. The end result that you are
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aiming for is a dome effect, with the peak in the center. The aim is to create a fairly even distribution of color and types of flowers throughout your arrangement.
Step 8 –
You now have the majority of the work done. Add your selected fill material in bare areas of your arrangement between your main flowers. You want to separate the blooms (if they touch) so that they will not be able to crush each other, and they have adequate ventilation space around them.
Step 9 –
This one is simple. All you need to do now is add some more preservative solution to the container and select where your new arrangement is going to be located.
P.S.: Even fruits and vegetables can be made into a dome shaped arrangement
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Learning and Conclusion:
1) Flower arrangement taught me the new ideas for arranging the flowers into
attractive bouquets.
2) This assignment helps me to understand the importance of flower
arrangement in housekeeping department.
3) Due to learning of flower arrangement it is very easy for me to prepare the
bouquet in home only without much expense.
4) Flower arrangement is a very economic and good job for the women who
eager to start their business.
5) Flower arrangement gives idea regarding the management skills and
creativity.
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Bibliography
1) Britannica Floral decoration
2) Ancient Flowers Found in Egypt Coffin , National Geographic
3) Ancient China's Flower Arrangements , New York Times