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H.L. Institute of Computer Applications

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Mail Services and Mail Commands in Linux

CommandsMail

and Linux

Mailin

ServicesGroup Topic :

Group Names :

Introduction and Basics of Mail in Linux

The Procedure

Working With mail in Linux

Mailing Commands and Description

H.L. Institute of Computer Applications Mail Services and Mail Commands in Linux

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ONE TWO THREE FOUR

• 3. WORKING WITH MAILS IN LINUX1. When an email is sent, the message is routed from server

to server, all the way to the recipient's email server.2. The message is sent to the mail server tasked with

transporting emails (called the MTA, for Mail Transport Agent) to the recipient's MTA.

3. The recipient's MTA then delivers the email to the incoming mail server (called the MDA, for Mail Delivery Agent), which stores the email as it waits for the user to accept it.

4. Retrieving mail is done using a software program called an MUA (Mail User Agent)

• 1. Introduction and Basics of Mail in Linux1. Linux is the first applications that UNIX users are

familiar with. 2. An email message never appears on your terminal

the moment it is received. 3. Email is deposited in your mailbox even when you

are not logged in.

• 2. The Procedure1. It helps to know that an Internet mail message

consists of two parts; mail headers and a mail body, separated by a blank line.

2. The mail headers contain the source and destination of the mail, a user-supplied subject line, the date it was sent, and various other kinds of useful information.

• 4. MAILING COMMANDS AND DESCRIPTION1. mail - send and receive mail

2. Task: Compose mail

3. Use following format:mail -s <subject> <mailaddress>

Summary

Mail Services and Mail Commands in Linux

In LinuxWorking of E-mail

H.L. Institute of Computer Applications Mail Services and Mail Commands in Linux

Working of E-mail In Linux

• You will need to make sure that the sendmail, sendmail-cf and m4 software RPMs are installed.

• Incoming mail servers are called POP servers or IMAP servers, depending on which protocol is used.

• It is not necessary for recipients to be connected in order for them to be sent email.

• To keep everyone from checking other users' emails, MDA is protected by a user name called a login and by a password

H.L. Institute of Computer Applications Mail Services and Mail Commands in Linux

Working of E-mail In Linux

• Email is based around the use of electronic mailboxes. When an email is sent, the message is routed from server to server, all the way to the recipient's email server.

• More precisely, the message is sent to the mail server tasked with transporting emails called the MTA(Mail Transport Agent), to the recipient's MTA. On the Internet, MTAs communicate with one another using the protocol SMTP, and so are logically called SMTP servers.

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Mail Services and Mail Commands in Linux

Working of E-mail In Linux

• The recipient's MTA then delivers the email to the incoming mail server called MDA(Mail Delivery Agent), which stores the email as it waits for the user to accept it.

• There are two main protocols used for retrieving email on an MDA:i. POP3 (Post Office Protocol)ii. IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol)

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Mail Services and Mail Commands in Linux

MDA(Mail Delivery Agent)

POP3 (Post Office Protocol)

• POP3 is used for retrieving email and, in certain cases, leaving a copy of it on the server.

IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol)

• IMAP is used for coordinating the status of emails (read, deleted, moved) across multiple email clients.

H.L. Institute of Computer Applications Mail Services and Mail Commands in Linux

o MTAs act as the post office (the sorting area and mail carrier, which handle message transportation)

o MDAs act as mailboxes, which store messages until the recipients check the box. It is not necessary for recipients to be connected in order for them to be sent email.

Working process of POP3 & IMAP Server :

H.L. Institute of Computer Applications Mail Services and Mail Commands in Linux

How to Retrieve an E-mail?

• Retrieving mail is done using a software program called an MUA (Mail User Agent).

• When the MUA is a program installed on the user's system, it is called an email client (such as Mozilla Thunderbird, Microsoft Outlook).

• When it is a web interface used for interacting with the incoming mail server, it is called webmail

H.L. Institute of Computer Applications Mail Services and Mail Commands in Linux

And DescriptionsMailing Commands

H.L. Institute of Computer Applications Mail Services and Mail Commands in Linux

Mailing Commands and Descriptions

• Mail is an intelligent mail processing system, which has a command syntax reminiscent of ed1 with lines replaced by messages.

mail [-s subject ] [-c cc-addr ] [-b bcc-addr ] to-addr... mail [-f name ] mail [-u user ]

H.L. Institute of Computer Applications Mail Services and Mail Commands in Linux

Mailing Commands and Descriptions

• -v :- Verbose mode. The details of delivery are displayed on the user's terminal.

• -I :- Ignore tty interrupt signals. This is particularly useful when using mail on noisy phone lines.

• -c :- Send carbon copies to list of users.

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Mail Services and Mail Commands in Linux

Mailing Commands and Descriptions

• -b :- Send blind carbon copies to list List should be a comma-separated list of names.

• -f :- Read in the contents of your mbox (or the specified file) for processing; when you quitmail writes undeleted messages back to this file.

• -c :- Send carbon copies to list of users.• -N :- Inhibits the initial display of message

headers when reading mail or editing a mail folder.

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Mail Services and Mail Commands in Linux

Mailing Commands and Descriptions

• - :- Print out the preceding message. If given a numeric argument n goes to the n 'th previous message and prints it.

• ? :- Prints a brief summary of commands.• ! :- Executes the shell (see sh(1)

and csh(1)) command which follows.

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Mail Services and Mail Commands in Linux

Mailing Commands and Descriptions

• Print (P ) Like print but also prints out ignored header fields. See also print ignore and retain• Reply (R ) Reply to originator. Does not reply to other recipients of the original message.• Type (T ) Identical to the Print command.

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Mail Services and Mail Commands in Linux

Mailing Commands and Descriptions

• edit (e ) Takes a list of messages and points the

text editor at each one in turn. On return from the editor, the message is read back in.

• exit (ex) Effects an immediate return to the

Shell without modifying the user's system mailbox, his mbox file, or his edit file in -f

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Mail Services and Mail Commands in Linux

Mailing Commands and Descriptions

• preserve (pre ) A synonym for hold• print (p ) Takes a message list and types out each

message on the user's terminal.• type (t ) A synonym for print

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Mail Services and Mail Commands in Linux

Mailing Commands and Descriptions

• copy (co ) The copy command does the same thing that save does, except that it does not mark the messages it is used on for deletion when you quit.• Delete (d ) Takes a list of messages as argument and marks them all as deleted. Deleted messages will not be saved in mbox nor will they be available for most other commands.• exit (x ) A synonym for exit

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Mail Services and Mail Commands in Linux

SENDING MAIL FROM A SHELL SCRIPT

• Now, with the basics covered you can send mails from your shell scripts. Here’s a simple shell script that gives you a reading of the usage of space on your partitions and mails the data to you.

#!/bin/bashdf -h | mail -s “disk space report”

[email protected]

H.L. Institute of Computer Applications Mail Services and Mail Commands in Linux

Mailing List Types

• There are three main types or styles of mailing lists, each with its own advantages for specialized use. Setting specific keywords to certain values and then editing various templates creates different types of mailing lists. The three major types of lists are:

1. One-Way Announcement2. Two-Way Discussion3. Moderated

H.L. Institute of Computer Applications Mail Services and Mail Commands in Linux

One-Way Announcement

• The owner(s) and/or editor(s) of the list are the only people who are allowed to send messages to the subscribers.

• The communication flows one way – from the list administrators to the list subscribers. This type of list is primarily used for newsletters and product announcements of information that does not require feedback from the subscriber.

H.L. Institute of Computer Applications Mail Services and Mail Commands in Linux

Two-Way Announcement

• The list administrators and the list subscribers are both permitted to post messages to the list.

• The communication flows two ways - between the administrators and the subscribers. This type of list is primarily used for discussion groups engaged in the exchange of ideas and information centered on a specific topic.

H.L. Institute of Computer Applications Mail Services and Mail Commands in Linux

Moderated

• This type of discussion list has an editor or editors who review all incoming messages.

• The editor can then decide to allow the message to be sent to all the subscribers on the list, or not allow the message to be posted to the list.

• Moderated lists can be used to control the discussion by keeping off topic, inflammatory, or otherwise inappropriate messages from the reaching subscribers.

H.L. Institute of Computer Applications Mail Services and Mail Commands in Linux

Any Questions ????Thank - You

H.L. Institute of Computer Applications Mail Services and Mail Commands in Linux