Comparative Study of Commercial Broiler, Brown Cock and Sonali for the Meat Purposes in Savar Upazilla Under Dhaka District A Production Report Submitted by: Intern ID: A-08 Roll No. : 2005/08 Reg. No. : 200 Session: 2004-2005 AS THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF VETERINARY MEDICINE (DVM)
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Comparative Study of Commercial
Broiler, Brown Cock and Sonali for the
Meat Purposes in Savar Upazilla Under
Dhaka District
A Production Report Submitted by:
Intern ID: A-08
Roll No. : 2005/08
Reg. No. : 200
Session: 2004-2005
AS THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE DEGREE
OF
DOCTOR OF VETERINARY MEDICINE (DVM)
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University,
Khulshi, Chittagong - 4202.
February, 2011.
Comparative Study of Commercial Broiler, Brown Cock and Sonali for the Meat Purposes in Savar Upazilla Under
Dhaka District
A Production Report Submitted as Per Approved Style and Content
I am expressing my thanks and gratitude to Dr. Forhadul Alam, ULO, Savar, Dhaka
and Dr. Sahnewaz Ali, Lecturer, OTI, Savar, Dhaka and Dr. Taslima, Additional
Veterinary Surgeon, HPAI Active Surveillance Programme Bangladesh, FAO of the
UN and Gopal & Sheuli, Field Worker, HPAI Active Surveillance Programme
Bangladesh, FAO of the UN for their kind help, co-operation and inspiration in field
survey at Savar upazilla, Dhaka.
I express my boundless gratitude and deepest appreciation to my dear father, mother
and brother for their encouragement, sacrifice and well wishes thorough out the whole
academic life. Finally, I express my best wishes and warmest sense of gratitude to all
of my friends in home and abroad. I’m immensely grateful to all of them, although it
is not possible to mention every one by name.
The Author:
І ACRONYMS USED
BBS Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics
BCR Benefit Cost Ratio
BLRI Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute
DLS Directorate of Livestock Services
DFID Department for International Development
FAO Food and Agriculture Organization
FCR Feed Conversion Ratio
GDP Gross Domestic Product
Gm Gram
GOB Government of Bangladesh
Kg Kilogram
NGO Non Government Organization
OIE Office International des Epizooties’
SD Standard Deviation
Tk Taka
WB World Bank
WHO World Health Organization
ІІ
Ahsan, M.M. (2011). Comparative Study of Commercial Broiler, Brown Cock and Sonali for the
Meat Purposes in Savar Upazilla Under Dhaka District.
Abstract
The study was conducted with comparison of Commercial Broiler, Brown Cock and
Sonali for the meat purposes. A total of 63 poultry farms from Savar Upazilla of
Dhaka district of Bangladesh were randomly selected during the study period through
survey method.
The finding of the study revealed that the FCR of three birds were 1.723±0.130,
2.490±0.024 and 2.775±0.101 respectively at 30-35 days, 50-55 days and 55-60 days.
The superior FCR found in Commercial Broiler due to its superior genetic
conformation. Inferior FCR found at Sonali Bird. The highest total production cost
per bird Tk. 189.709±13.354 found in Commercial Broiler and lowest found in Sonali
among three birds Tk. 106.286±3.314. The highest per bird profit is Tk.
26.434±10.798 found at Commercial Broiler. Lowest per bird profit Tk.10.812±3.128
found in Sonali. The highest Benefit cost ratio (BCR) found in Brown Cock is 1.22
and it is most profitable among three Birds. BCR of Commercial Broiler is 1.14 which
is next to profit earning bird. Lowest BCR found in Sonali is 1.10 and it is less
profitable among three Birds.
This study also revealed that the poultry farmers faced various types of problems such
as high price of feeds, high price of Commercial Broiler day old chick and non
availability of day old chicks of Brown Cock and Sonali in proper starting time of
farming according to the market demand.
Key words: Commercial Broiler, Brown Cock, Sonali, FCR, profitability
ІІІ
CHAPTER-I
1. INTRODUCTION
Poultry meat is the fastest growing component of global meat production,
consumption and trade, with developing and transition economies playing a leading
role in the expansion. World poultry meat increased nearly eightfold between 1961-
2001. (Regmi, 2001). Commercial broiler production contributes about 86% to total
poultry meat production worldwide, leaving other birds far behind. (Executive Guide
to World Poultry Trends, 2002). The total poultry population in year 2002 is
estimated to be 211.4 million (Howlider, 1999).World-wide, poultry meat and egg
production accounts for more than 30% of all animal protein (Permin and Pedersen,
2000). The International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI, 2000) has estimated
that by year 2015 poultry will be account for 40 percent of all animal protein.
In Bangladesh poultry is a substantial contributor to food supply and poultry industry
is one of the rapidly developing industries in the livestock sector of the country.
Bangladesh is considered as one of the most appropriate countries in the world for
poultry production. The revolution in poultry industry has achieved more than 200
percent growth last 5 years though they are facing scarcity of efficient or skilled
workforce, mainly because of new technology, using locally available feed
ingredients, breeding, hatching and other inputs (Samsuddoha and Sohel, 2008).
In Bangladesh broiler farming is recognized as a profitable business and getting
popularity as employment opportunities are being created among rural people, traders,
support serviceman and other business people. As developing country poverty,
unemployment and nutrition are the major problems. Over 80% of the country’s
people live in the rural sector and highly dependent on agricultural system that is
finely attuned to a tropical monsoon climate. The Human Development Repots-2005
of UNDP indicates that the total population in Bangladesh is 14.18 crore at an annual
growth rate of 1.7%. The per capita income is only US$ 476 (BBS 2006) and the
percentage of literacy is around 51.6% (BBS2006, BANBEIS). A major portion
(44%) of the population of Bangladesh lives below absolute poverty line and the
number of landless poor has been increasing by 3.4% per annum (BBS, 2000). About
47.5% people receive less than 1900 calorie per person per day as against the standard
2300 calories (HDI, UNDP 1996). The current production of all types of meat
provides only 10.44% of total meat requirement of the country while eggs meet
24.04% of the requirement (Rahman, 2003). Consumption of animal protein is only
17.3 grams (BBS, 1998) per capita per day as against the standard requirement of 36.0
grams as recommended by UNO ( Ahmaed and Islam, 1985). According to DLS
(2007) meat requirement is 120 gm/day/head and 6.26 metric tonnne/year. But our
achievement is only 20 gm/day/head and 1.04 million metric tonne/year. And egg
requirement is 104 pieces/head/year but we getting 40 pieces/head/year. So we can
see that the production cannot cope at with the high demand by our native chicken.
Given this context, poultry raising particularly broiler raising appears to be a good
way of meeting the protein gap. Income elasticity of demand for chicken meat is very
high (Raha, 2003). The share of poultry in the animal protein of human diet is
estimated to be 30% (DLS, 1995).
A large number of energetic men and women are coming forward to undertake broiler
farming as a means of self employment. For the development of sound, healthy and
imaginative people, supply of huge amount of animal protein is essential. Broiler can
efficiently and rapidly meet the huge requirement of protein as it can be produced
within shortest possible time. Moreover, of all types of meat chicken meat is the most
popular to all irrespective of religion. All these factors induce rapid growth of poultry
farming in the different parts of the country. The numbers of farms are increased by
more than 26 times in 2001-2002 as compared to that of 1994-95. Broiler contributes
nearly 24% of total meat production in Bangladesh (Raha, 2005).
Poultry meat is the most popular to all irrespective of religion in whole world. But
sometimes the evaluation of poultry can be affected by some socio-cultural events or
activities such as special banquets for family distinguished guests, gifts, cocks as
alarm clock for the villagers; religious ceremonies using cocks as offering to the
deities; marginal practices where eggs are widely used. Black feathered chickens are
favored by some communities for casting away bad spirits or in traditional human
medicine where white-feathered chickens tend to be more involved in medical cures.
(Gueye, 1998). Though white-feathered broilers are dominate world poultry meat
production owing to their rapid growth and high feed efficiency. However,
consumers’ preference for color-feathered and slow-growing meat -type quality
chickens is growing in certain regions of the world. The appearance (plumage, skin,
combs and so on), meat flavor, and meat texture are the main attributes that attract
customers to purchase those (Yang and Jiang, 2005).
Now-a-days in Bangladesh color-feathered Brown Cock (Brown Cocks are male
birds of different commercial layer strain which are separated in the hatchery at
day old by sexing. Cock is not important in commercial egg production.) and
cross breed Sonali (Fayoumi x Rhode Island Red) rearing on ad libitum feeding
basis for meat purpose like Commercial Broiler (strain) also getting popular beside
with White-feathered Commercial Broiler for their color-feathered and slow growing
capacity. Generally Commercial Broiler reared 30-35 days where Brown Cock reared
50-55 days and Sonali reared 55-60 days. Sonali is mostly chosen for their looking
appearance like Deshi (Local) chicken, colored-feathered and slow growing.
Sometimes it is sold as Deshi Chicken by cheat traders to consumers. Because Deshi
chickens are popular for its palatability, aged meat texture and flavor to the consumers
and price of Deshi chicken is higher than any other chicken of the market. Frands
Dolberg reported (2008) that in the market the Sonali goes as a local chicken with the
associated premium price. Brown Cock is mostly popular for roasting purpose. In
urban or rural areas, any great festival of either religion or social origin is
unimaginable without roasted chicken. People think that it is a great dishonour not to
serve roast chicken at a festival (Shamsuddoha et al,.2008).
Thus it is important to make a comparative analysis among Commercial Broiler,
Brown Cock and Sonali Chicken for the meat purpose, because no systemic study has
yet been under taken to determine the comparative discussion among these three
chickens which will be beneficiary for poultry industry of Bangladesh. It will give
them the insight on the relative profitability of these three Birds.
The objectives of the present study are:
(i) To estimate per batch production of three birds.
(ii) To compare profitability of three birds for the meat purposes.
(iii) To explore the possible constraints in production and marketing of
three birds.
(iv) To suggest possible recommendations
CHAPTER-II2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Akhtar-Uz-Zaman ( 2002) reported that Sonali is the crossbred of RIR (male) ×
Fayoumi (female). They have very attractive reddish brown or golden body color to
given perfect name ‘Sonali’. They are developed in1980’s by DLS. This type of
chicken can easily be reared both in scavenging and semi-scavenging system at rural
environment, they are disease resistant and have an ability to produce about 200 eggs
per year. Their body weight is approximately 1.8 kg.
Azharul et al. (2005) found higher meat yield in crossbred RIR×Fayoumi (Sonali)
compared with pure Fayoumi breed.
Ali and Bala (2005) reported that feed intake in Commercial Broiler at 42 days
3370±49.75 gm in summer season and 3170±25 gm at winter season at Open house
system and 3579±34.13 gm in summer season and 3125±30.46 gm at Tunnel house.
They mentioned that body weight gain in Commercial Broiler at 42 days 1502±6.45
gm in summer season and 1478±15.90 gm at winter season at Open house system and
1759±27.35 gm in summer season and 1665±13.23 gm at Tunnel house. They also
reported that FCR in Commercial Broiler at 42 days 2.32±0.03 in summer season and
2.22±0.01 at winter season at Open house system and 2.08±0.02 in summer season
and 1.93±0.003 at Tunnel house.
Saleque (2007) stated that only 5% of the poultry meat consumed in Bangladesh was
processed in a modern slaughter house.
Saleque (2007) demonstrated that dressed broiler price were 75, 85, 105 and 116
BDT/Kg in 2003, 2004, 2005 and 2006 respectively.
Shamsuddoha and Shoel (2008) reported according to Poultry Business Directory
the price of Day Old Broiler Chick is Tk.25.61 in winter season.
Frands Dolberg reported (2008) that in the market the Sonali goes as a local chicken
with the associated premium price.
Raihan and Mahmud (2008) reported by sample survey at Gazipur district that
production cost of per Kg poultry meat is Tk.63.10 and before 5 years it was Tk.47.50
and before 10 years it was Tk.28 only. They also mentioned that profit of per Kg
poultry meat is Tk.10.78 and before 5 years it was Tk.11.50 and before 10 years it
was Tk.21.25.
Shamsuddoha and Sohel (2008) reported that lack of financial credit; inadequate
modern poultry equipment, inadequate logistic support, lack of adequate poultry
rearing knowledge, absence of government help and guidance etc are problem faced
by the poultry farmers of Bangladesh. Lack of financial credit is the highest problem
of poultry sector and it is 12.45% and inadequate modern poultry equipment is the
second highest problem and it is 11.20%.
CHAPTER ІІІ 3. METHODOLOGY OF THEW STUDY
3.1 Introduction
For any type of investigation, the investigator or researcher has to follow
appropriate guideline i.e. the method, which somehow differs, from one investigation
to another. This method is set in such a way that it must satisfy the objective of the
investigation/research project. However, in any type of investigation, emphasis is
given on the survey method to collecting primary data. Direct observation and
informal discussions with the concerned persons and the farmers supplement this
primary data. The steps followed in the present study are discussed below:
3.1.1 Selection of the study Area
Selection of the study area is an important step in a study. Keeping objectives of the
study in mind, the present study was conducted in Savar Upazilla of Dhaka district.
The main considerations in selecting the study area were as follows:
i. Availability of large number of commercial poultry farms in the study area for
being one of the highest s poultry belt areas of Bangladesh.
ii. Good communication facilities. Since the researcher resides in the Savar, the
conduct of study was less expensive as well as les time consuming.
iii. The author expected high co-operation from the owners of poultry farms.
iv. No study of this type was done previously in this area.
Figure 1: Location of the Study Area
3.1.2 Selection of Sample Size and period of survey
About 63 poultry farms were selected randomly from the Savar Upazilla in
Dhaka district of Bangladesh for collecting primary data through survey method.
Limited time, costs and resources compelled the researcher to study only 63 sample
from a large population among which 21 commercial broiler, 21 Brown Cock and rest
were Sonali farms. The data were collected during the period of 27.06.2010 to
27.08.2010.
3.1.3 Preparation of questionnaire/interview Schedule
The requisite primary data for this study were collected through survey method. For
collecting the necessary data, questionnaire/interview schedule was prepared in the
light to the objectives of the proposed project. The questionnaire was pre-tested and
then finalized. The information to each of the items of the questionnaire/ interview
schedule was assured for correct recording. If any item overlooked and misunderstood
or found contradictory, these was corrected through re-interviewing on the spot. Any
further recommendation/comments were also recorded at the end part of the
questionnaire/ interview schedule. The schedules contained both the open and close-
ended questions.
3.1.4 Collection of Data
Collection of reasonable and reliable data and other necessary information from the
field survey is not an easy task. The success of survey depends on the reliability of
data and therefore, data all possible care to establish rapport with the respondents so
that the respondents did furnish correct data. While interviewing, the aims and
objectives of the study were explained to each owner of the poultry farms. They were
convinced that the study was purely an academic one and was not likely to have an
adverse effect on their business. Thus the primary data were collected. The secondary
data were collected from different published documents such as Survey reports, Five
Year Plans and Statistical Yearbooks. Further, various publications of national and
international organizations like NGO forums, DANIDA, DFID, WB, FAO etc were
collected.
3.1.5 Problems Faced in Collecting Data
In conducting the field survey a number of problems were faced by the author. Some
of them are mentioned below:
i. Most of the owner of poultry farms thought that the investigator was an agent
of the government authority and therefore, they initially did not want to co-
operate with the researcher. In fact they heisted to answer some questions
relating to income and asset, because they were afraid of tax imposition or tax
increase.
ii. Most of the owners of poultry farms still were in fear about the surveillance
program of previous outbreak of Bird Flu.
iii. Another important limitation of survey was the researcher had to depend
solely on the memory of the farm owners for collecting necessary information
because they do not keep written records.
iv. The owners were not available for interview and therefore several visits were
needed to collect relevant information which was often very time-consuming
for the researcher.
v. Literacy of the respondents was great hindrance of data collection. They could
not sometimes answer to question accurately and to the point.
3.1.6 Analytical technique
In the progress of analysis of collected data various statistical tools like weighted
averages, percentages, tables, graphs and diagrams were applied in order to make the
study worthy, informative and useful for the purposes. Benefit-Cost Analysis also
estimated to find out the profitability of the farm owner.
Figure 2: Fill up Questionnaire
Figure 3: Commercial Broiler
Figure 4: Brown Cock
Figure 5: Sonali
CHAPTER-IV
4. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
The result of the comparative study of three Birds are presented in following tables and discussed under subheading:4.1 Production performances of three Birds in the study area
Table-1: Production performances of three Birds in the study area:
Comparative Study of Commercial Broiler, Brown Cock and Sonali for the Meat s in Savar Upazilla Under Dhaka District.
General Information about the Owner & the Farm:1. Name of the Owner:………………………………………….2. Name of the Farm:……………………………………………3. Location of the Farm:…………………………………………4. Type of the Farm: Sonali/ Commercial Broiler/ Brown Cock5. Total Flock Size:……………….
Information about Chick:1. Where is the Source of your Chick :……………………….( Hatchery Name) 2. Price of each Day Old Chick (DOC):…………..3. Transport Cost of Chick:…………..4. Given money to the Agent (If given):…………5. How many days will you rear it?.........................Information about Feeding Cost:
1. Source of Feed:……………………………………(Name of Feed Company)2. How many Sacks of starter feed you use?..............................3. How many sacks of Grower feed you use?........................4. How many sacks of finisher feed you use?5. Price of your starter feed per sack:…………………TK6. Price of your grower feed per sack:………………..TK7. Price of your finisher feed per sack:…………………TK
Information about Vaccination:1. What are the Vaccines are given in your Farm ?.................................(Name)2. What are the manufacturer/ source of your given vaccine?.................3. Vaccination Schedule of your Farm:……………………4. Price of the given Vaccine:……………………………
Information about Other Medication & Diseases:1. What are the growth Promoters are used in your Farm?...................2. Price & amount of growth promoter of a flock rearing:…………..
3. What are the WS vitamins & minerals are used in your Farm:……….4. Price & amount of WS vitamins & minerals of a flock rearing:…………
5. Any toxin binder is used in your Farm?6. If yes, tell its name, price & amount of it of a flock rearing:
………………………7. What are the disease out breaks of your Farm?................8. Name of the usable Drugs in Disease Control & Preventions:…………….9. Cost of Drugs in disease control & prevention:…………………………..
Miscellaneous Information:1. Labor Cost of a flock rearing:……… 2. Electricity Cost of a flock rearing:……..3. Foot Bath Cost/ Antiseptic cost:………4. FCR of your Farm:……5. Mortality of your Farm:………
Market Information:1. How will you sale your birds? Wholesale/ Retail2. Transport Cost for marketing:…………..(If Applicable)3. Price of Bird:……………………………(/Kg or / piece)
What is main problem are you facing in farming?………………………………………………………