Final Presentation_Melanie Rondot

7/30/2019 Final Presentation_Melanie Rondot

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VOC Reduction byVOC Reduction byDynamic CondenserDynamic Condenser

DesignDesignMelanieMelanie RondotRondotAugust 5, 2004August 5, 2004

University of Illinois at Chicago NSFUniversity of Illinois at Chicago NSF--REU 2004REU 2004

Advisors:Advisors:Professor Andreas LinningerProfessor Andreas LinningerAndrs Malcolm, graduate studentAndrs Malcolm, graduate student


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Organic solvents

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in air emissionsVOC emissions regulated by EPA

Pharmaceutical ProcessPharmaceutical Process

Source: EPA Office ofCompliance SectorNotebook Project: Profile ofthe PharmaceuticalManufacturing Industry;September 1997

Flow diagram for typical pharmaceutical process:

Reactor

Condenser

Product


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Project DescriptionProject Description

Surface condensationSurface condensation Condenser Model using MATLABCondenser Model using MATLAB

Steady StateSteady State

DynamicDynamic

UncertaintyUncertainty

Operating ConditionsOperating Conditions

Estimated ParametersEstimated Parameters

Control SystemControl System


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Condenser ModelCondenser Model

Fcool,Tcooln-1

Fgn-1,Tg

n-1

Wall, Twalln

Coolant

Tcooln , Ncool

Gas

TgN,Ng

N

Fcon,Tco

n

Fcool,Tcooln

Qw-cooln

Fgn,Tg

n

Qw-gn

Finite Volume Discretization:

Gas

Inlet

Gas

Outlet

Coolant

InletCoolant

Outlet

Condensate Outlets


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Condenser TheoryCondenser Theory

Energy BalancesEnergy Balances Mass BalancesMass Balances

Diffusion EquationsDiffusion Equations


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Diffusion EquationsDiffusion Equations

0I g

n n n

condensatey y F = No condensationNo condensation

1. ..ln 1

I

n

n ABcondensate n

g

yA D CF y

=

DiffusionDiffusion--Controlled CondensationControlled Condensation


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MATLAB ModelMATLAB Model

User defines

Condenser geometry

Physical properties

Initial temperatures

Initial flow rates

Program calculates

system variables

(h, Dab, Cp, etc)


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Steady State ModelSteady State Model

Simultaneous solution of mass and energy balances using fsolve

Temperature, concentration, and flow profiles

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3200

300

400

Steady State Condenser

Temp(K)

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 30

0.1

0.2

VOC

Conc.

(molfr.)

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

5

10

15

Fconb(mol/s)

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 30

0.2

0.4

Length (m)

Fcon(mol/s)

gas

wall

coolant

gas

w all

20% Inlet VOC Concentration

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 30

200

400


Temp(K)

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 30

0.2

0.4

VOC

Conc.

(molfr.)

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

10

20

30

Fconb(mol/s)

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 30

0.5

1

Length (m)

Fcon(mol/s)

coolant

ga s

wa ll

gas

wall

40% Inlet VOC Concentration


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ExplanationExplanation

Appropriate concentrationAppropriate concentrationgradientgradient ----> condensation> condensation

Energy balancesEnergy balances

n n

w g w cool Q Q =

.( )

n n n

w cool cool w cool Q T T

=

( ). .( ) ( )n n n n n v nw g g condensate pg g w g wQ Q F C T T H T = + +

.( )n n ng g g wQ T T=

0 0.5 1 1.5 2-1

0

1


Qgas(kJ/s)

0 0.5 1 1.5 20

10

20

30

Qcond(kJ/s)

0 0.5 1 1.5 20

10

20

30

Length (m)

Qd

isp(kJ/s)

40% Inlet VOC Concentration -Heat Flow Profiles


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Limiting ConditionLimiting Condition

Heat Transfer Limited CondensationHeat Transfer Limited Condensation

( );

( )

n

w gn n n n n

g w g w condensate v n

g w

QT T T T F

H T

= =

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3200

300

400


Temp(K)

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 30

0.2

0.4

VOC

Conc.

(molfr.)

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 320

25

30

Fconb(mol/s)

0.5

1

on(mol/s)

ga s

wall

coolantga s

wall

0 0.50

0.5

1

Qgas(kJ/s)

20

30

nd(kJ/s)

40% Inlet VOC Concentration with Heat Transfer Limitation


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Dynamic ModelDynamic Model

Introduces change into system

Simultaneous solution of mass

and energy balances using

ode15s

Initial values obtained fromsteady state solution


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Dynamic Model OutputDynamic Model Output


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Uncertain ParametersUncertain Parameters

Operating ConditionsOperating Conditions Inlet Gas TemperatureInlet Gas Temperature

Inlet Coolant TemperatureInlet Coolant Temperature

Inlet Flowrate of Condensable SpeciesInlet Flowrate of Condensable Species

Estimated ParametersEstimated Parameters

Heat Transfer Coefficient of GasHeat Transfer Coefficient of Gas Diffusion CoefficientDiffusion Coefficient


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Uncertainty Evaluation:Uncertainty Evaluation:ProcedureProcedure

LevelsLevels Tg_inTg_in: 350 5 K: 350 5 K

Tcool_inTcool_in: 230 2 K: 230 2 K

Fconb_inFconb_in: 15 1 mol/s: 15 1 mol/s

HgasHgas (initial): calculated 20%(initial): calculated 20%

Dab (initial): calculated 20%Dab (initial): calculated 20%


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Outlet Gas Temperature vs. Inlet Gas Temperature

y = 0.8814x - 41.819

R2

= 1

261

262

263

264

265

266

267

268

269

270

271

272

344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356

Inlet Gas Temperature (K)

OutletGasTemperature(K)

Outlet Gas Temperature vs. Inlet Coolant Temperature

y = 0.1407x + 234.3

R2

= 0.9996

266.3

266.4

266.5

266.6

266.7

266.8

266.9

267.0

227.6 228.0 228.4 228.8 229.2 229.6 230.0 230.4 230.8 231.2 231.6 232.0 232.4

Inlet Coolant Temperature (K)


SS Uncertainty Evaluation:SS Uncertainty Evaluation:Independent Variation of 1 VariableIndependent Variation of 1 Variable

Outlet Gas Temperature vs. Inlet Condensable Flowrate

y = -4.7536x + 337.95

R2

= 1

260

262

264

266

268

270

272

13.8 14.0 14.2 14.4 14.6 14.8 15.0 15.2 15.4 15.6 15.8 16.0 16.2

Inlet Condensable Flowrate (mol/s)



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SS Uncertainty Evaluation:SS Uncertainty Evaluation:Independent Variation of 1 VariableIndependent Variation of 1 Variable

Outlet Gas Temperature vs. Heat Transfer Coefficient of Gas (Initial Value)

y = -450.94x + 326.71

R2

= 0.9991

250

255

260

265

270

275

280

285

0.10 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.15 0.16 0.17

Heat Transfer Coefficient of Gas (Initial Value) ( kJ / (s*m^2*K) )


Outlet Gas Temperature vs. Diffusion Coefficient (Initial Value)

y = -14.415x + 324.42

R2

= 0.9994

250

255

260

265

270

275

280

3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4.0 4.2 4.4 4.6 4.8 5.0

Diffusion Coefficient (Initial Value) ( mol / (s*m^2*atm) )

OutletGasTemperature

(K)


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SS Uncertainty Evaluation:SS Uncertainty Evaluation:Simultaneous Variation of 2 VariablesSimultaneous Variation of 2 VariablesOutlet Gas Temperature vs. Variation in Inlet Gas and Coolant Temperatures

y = 0.9423x + 266.65

R2

= 1

266

267

268

269

270

271

272

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Level of Variation in Inlet Gas and Coolant Temperatures


Outlet Gas Temperature vs. Variation in Inlet Coolant Temperature

and Inlet Condensable Flowrate

y = 1.0037x + 266.66

R2

= 1

266

267

268

269

270

271

272

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Level of Variation in Inlet Coolant Temperature and Inlet Condensable Flowrate


Outlet Gas Temperature vs. Variation in Inlet Gas Temperature

and Inlet Condensable Flowrate

y = 1.8291x + 266.66

R2

= 1

266

268

270

272

274

276

278

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Level of Variation in Inlet Gas Temperature and Inlet Condensable Flowrate



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Control SystemControl System

Influence system toward operation about set point by adjusting

coolant flowrate

( 1)e Tg n Tsp= + Error: Control Action: 1*( )IT

Gc kc e edt = +


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Control System:Control System:Decrease Inlet Coolant TemperatureDecrease Inlet Coolant Temperature

0 50 100 150 200 250230

240

250

260

270

Temporary reponse of element a

Time (s)

Temp(K)

0 50 100 150 200 250266

266.5

267

267.5

268

268.5

Time (s )

GasTemp(K)

0 50 100 150 200 250-2

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

Time (s)

Error(K)

0 50 100 150 200 2500

5

10

15

Time (s )

Coolant

Flowrate(kg/s)

Ga s

Coolant

Wall

Response to 20% Decrease in Inlet Coolant Temperature at t = 120s

Tsp = 268.2K


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Control System:Control System:Increase Inlet Coolant TemperatureIncrease Inlet Coolant Temperature

Response to 20% Increase in Inlet Coolant Temperature at t = 120s

Tsp = 268.2K


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Suggested Future WorkSuggested Future Work

Run simulations and uncertainty trials for systems withRun simulations and uncertainty trials for systems withdifferent species and condenser geometriesdifferent species and condenser geometries

Introduce system variable calculations into model forIntroduce system variable calculations into model fortreatment of inlet streams containing more than onetreatment of inlet streams containing more than one

condensable speciescondensable species

Compare simulation results with experimental data to judgeCompare simulation results with experimental data to judgeaccuracy and determine magnitude of error in parameteraccuracy and determine magnitude of error in parameterestimations (estimations (CpgasCpgas,, hgashgas, Dab), Dab)

Gather information regarding cryogenic cooling systems andGather information regarding cryogenic cooling systems andcost data for condenser construction and operationcost data for condenser construction and operation


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AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements

Faculty, graduate students, and postFaculty, graduate students, and post--doctoral researchers indoctoral researchers inthe Chemical Engineering Department at the University ofthe Chemical Engineering Department at the University ofIllinois at Chicago, particularly Professor AndreasIllinois at Chicago, particularly Professor Andreas LinningerLinningerandandAndrsAndrs MalcolmMalcolm

The National Science FoundationThe National Science Foundation

Final Presentation_Melanie Rondot

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