1 CAN BLIND PEOPLE SEE AGAIN?
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Jan 29, 2016
retinitis pigmentosa
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CAN BLIND PEOPLE SEE AGAIN?
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THE HUMAN EYE
Velez Guerra
The retina is a thin layer of tissue that lines the back of the eye on the inside. It is located near the optic nerve. The purpose of the retina is to receive light that the lens has focused, convert the light into neural signals, and send these signals on to the brain for visual recognition.
Velez Guerra
The retina processes light through a layer of photoreceptor cells. These are essentially light-sensitive cells, responsible for detecting qualities such as color and light-intensity. The retina processes the information gathered by the photoreceptor cells and sends this information to the brain via the optic nerve. Basically, the retina processes a picture from the focused light, and the brain is left to decide what the picture is.
Velez Guerra
Due to the retina's vital role in vision, damage to it can cause permanent blindness. Conditions such as retinal detachment, where the retina is abnormally detached from its usual position, can prevent the retina from receiving or processing light. This prevents the brain from receiving this information, thus leading to blindness.
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RETINAL DISEASESNORMAL VISION
RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA
• HEREDITTARY• PROGRESSIVE• RARE
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AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION
RETINAL DISEASES
• AGING• COMMON
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RETINAL PROSTHESIS
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TYPES OF SYSTEMS
Argus II
Alpha IMS
James D. Weiland, Senior Member, IEEE, and Mark S. Humayun, Fellow, IEEE
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Argus II
bionic-eye-17-638.jpg?cb=1379656077
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Argus II
The Detection of Motion by Blind Subjects With the Epiretinal 60-Electrode (Argus II) Retinal Prosthesis
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Alpha IMS
Object Camera Implant+
Photo Receiver
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Alpha IMS
Chip is composed of:
Photo-receives Stimulating array
“Photo-Diode”
Blog | NeuroTechZone
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Alpha IMSA state-of-the-art retinal implant and its controller/battery
www.extremetech.comThe Bionic Eye,The Scientist Magazine
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ENGINEERING CHALLENGES
IMAGE PROCESSING
MICROELECTRONICS
ELECTRODES
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IMAGE PROCESSING SYSTEM
BASIC REQUIREMENTS
• Zoom• Brightness and contrast adjustment• Portability• Real-time operation• Decimation and enhancement
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MICROELECTRONIC CHIP
SIZE: small or large ?
Affected by the necessary
PACKAGING
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STIMULATING ELECTRODES
ARRAY DESIGN• 600 – 1000 electrodes required• Maximum electrodes density• 100nC impulses
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CONCLUSION• Retinal diseases lead to blindness
• Retinal prostheses restore the perception of light
• Two different examples: Argus II and Alpha IMS
• Analysis of technological issues
GOAL
PIXELIZED VISION
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THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
REFERENCES1. Weiland, J., Liu, W. & Humayun, M. Retinal prosthesis. Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. 7, 361–401
(2005). 2. Weiland, J. Retinal prosthesis. Biomed. Eng.-61, 1412–1424 (2014). 3. Weiland, J., Cho, A. & Humayun, M. Retinal prostheses: current clinical results and future
needs. Ophthalmology 118, 2227–2237 (2011). 4. Weiland, J. & Humayun, M. A biomimetic retinal stimulating array. Eng. in Med. and Bio.
Magazine, IEEE 24, 14–21 (2005).
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