FINAL PRESENTATION

WIRELESS BASED TRANSFORMER FAULT

LOCATION ANALYSIS IN DISTRIBUTION

SYSTEMBY

P.JEEVANANDHAM-135

G.LOGESHKUMAR-136

A.SRINIVASAN-137

P.NAVEENKUMAR-138

GUIDED BY : Ms.S.SATHYA M.E.,

AIM

The project deals with the problem of detecting and locating the

transformer and intimating to the Electricity Board(EB) office automatically using

microcontroller.

OBJECTIVE

• Detecting and locating the fault in the transformers using PIC microcontroller.

• Transmitting the data to the receiving unit (monitoring unit) in the Electricity Board(EB) office through the RF- transmitter.

• The received fault is indicated in the monitor (LCD display) and audible indicator unit through microcontroller.

ABSTRACT•This project deals with the problem of detecting and locating the fault in the transformer and the automatic intimation to Electricity Board (EB). •By the usage of the transformer, the 1-phase, 230v AC supply is stepped-up which is fed to the Transmission line. In this transmission line, if a fault occurs in between the transmission line and the load, an indication is provided to the microcontroller. •When the voltage through the line falls below a programmed voltage, an immediate indication is provided by the microcontroller(PIC) through the RF transmitter. •The receiver after receiving the fault data , the microcontroller(ATMEL) will display the fault in the monitor and an audible indication will also be provided.

TRANSMITTER SECTION BLOCK DIAGRAM

230V

AC

STEP DOWN POTENTIAL

TRANSFORMER

OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER

TL082

PIC

MICRO

CONTROLLER

16F877A

230V AC/

I/P LOAD

CURRENT TRANSFORMER

OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER

TL082

RF

TRANSMITTER

433.92 MHZ

RF TRANSMITTER ANTENNA

BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION

TRANSMITTING SECTION

• The supply is given to the potential and current transformers. The transformers will step down the values from the supply.

• The stepped down values from the transformers will be given to the operational amplifiers (ICTL082).

• The operational amplifier will change the values accordingly to the operating value of the microcontroller(PIC).

• The output of the PIC microcontroller will be given to the RF transmitter from where the data’s will be transmitted to the receiving section.

RECEIVER SECTION BLOCK DIAGRAM

RF RECEIVER

433.92 MHZ

ATMEL

MICRO

CONTROLLER

AT89C52

MONITOR DISPLAY

AUDIBLE INDICATOR

UNIT

RF RECEIVER ANTENNA

BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION

RECEIVING SECTION

• The transmitted data from the transmitting section will be received by the receiver in the receiving section.

• The received data’s will be given to the microcontroller (ATMEL).

• The ATMEL microcontroller will provide the data for the display and an audible indicator unit (Buzzer).

TRANSMITTER SECTION CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

PHASE

2 0 K

R 1

R

-

+

U 5 A

TL 0 8 2

3

21

84

2 0 K

-

+

TL 0 8 2

5

67

1 0 0 K

NEUTRAL

T2TR A N S F O R M E R C T

5 6 K 2 W

C 6

5 6 K 2 W

-

+

TL 0 8 2

5

67

1 0 0 K

C 4

LOAD

1 5 K

1 N 4 1 4 8

3 . 3 K

2 0 K

PHASE

5 V

V C C

1 0 K

1 N 4 1 4 8

5 V

RF TX -433.92M HZ

1 2 3 4

1 5 K

U 1

P I C 1 6 F 8 7 7 A

9

1 81 9

2 93 0

3 1

12345678

2 12 22 32 42 52 62 72 8

1 01 11 21 31 41 51 61 7

3 93 83 73 63 53 43 33 2

2 04 0

R E 1 / W R / A N 6

R C 3 / S C K / S C LR D 0 / P S P 0

R D 6 / P S P 6R D 7 / P S P 7

V S S

M C L R / V P PR A 0 / A N 0R A 1 / A N 1R A 2 / A N 2 / V R E F -R A 3 / A N 3 / V R E F +R A 4 / T0 C K IR A 5 / A A N 4 / S SR E 0 / R D / A N 5

R D 2 / P S P 2R D 3 / P S P 3

R C 4 / S D 1 / S D AR C 5 / S D 0

R C 6 / TX/ C KR C 7 / R X/ D T

R D 4 / P S P 4R D 5 / P S P 5

R E 2 / C S / A N 7V D DV S S

O S C 1 / C L K I NO S C 2 / C L K O U T

R C 0 / T1 O S O / T1 C K IR C 1 / T1 O S 1 / C C P 2

R C 2 / C C P 1

R B 6 / P G CR B 5R B 4R B 3 / P G MR B 2R B 1R B 0 / I N TV D D

R D 1 / P S P 1R B 7 / P G D

-1 2 V

1 0 K

NEUTRAL

4MH

Z

1 0 0 K

2 0 K

-

+

U 5 A

TL 0 8 2

3

21

84

C 6

1 N 4 1 4 8

1 0 0 K

1 0 K2 0 K

1 N 4 1 4 8

A N TE N N A

C 5

-1 2 V

2 0 K

1 0 K

3 . 3 K

+1 2 V

5 V

+1 2 V

0 -1 2 V

TR A N S F O R M E R

CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

TRANSMITTING SECTION

• The supply or 230 v output of the transformer is stepped down by a step down potential transformer (230v-12v). The 12v ac is converted into 12v dc and then fed into the operational amplifier (TL082 IC), where the 12v dc is converted into 5v dc which is then fed to the PIC microcontroller.

• Also a current transformer is connected from the supply or output of the transformer, from which a low voltage in milli volts will be the output. The low voltage is boosted through the operational amplifier (TL082 IC) and fed to the PIC microcontroller.

• The PIC microcontroller will be programmed in such a way that, whenever the voltage or current, increases above or decreases below the normal value, it will be denoted as a fault condition and immediate indication is provided to the EB office.

• The output of the PIC microcontroller is given to the RF Transmitter. The transmitter then transfers the data to the receiving unit through RF transmitter antenna.

RECEIVER SECTION CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

10K SIP

123456789

10KPOT

A B

W

5V

5V

10K SIP

1 23456789

22PF

5V

BZ1

BUZZER5V

+10MFD/50V

11.0592MHZ

LCD DISPLAY1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1

0

11 12

13

14

15

U1

AT89C52

9

1819

20

2930

31

40

12345678

2122232425262728

1011121314151617

3938373635343332

RST

XTAL2XTAL1

GN

D

PSENALE/PROG

EA/VPP

VC

C

P1.0P1.1P1.2P1.3P1.4P1.5P1.6P1.7

P2.0/A8P2.1/A9

P2.2/A10P2.3/A11P2.4/A12P2.5/A13P2.6/A14P2.7/A15

P3.0/RXDP3.1/TXD

P3.2/INT0P3.3/INT1

P3.4/T0P3.5/T1

P3.6/WRP3.7/RD

P0.0/AD0P0.1/AD1P0.2/AD2P0.3/AD3P0.4/AD4P0.5/AD5P0.6/AD6P0.7/AD7

22PF

104

5V

5V

5V

5V

10KE

VCC

CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

RECEIVING SECTION

• In the receiver side, there will be a receiving antenna which receives the data from the transmitting side. From the receiving antenna, the data’s are sent to receiver and from the receiver to the ATMEL microcontroller.

• The ATMEL microcontroller is programmed in such a way that it receives the data from the receiver and transfers those signals to the LCD display and to the buzzer.

• Whenever a fault occurs, the buzzer will produce a sound so that we can be identified that there is a fault in the system and then we can see the display to find out what is the fault and in which transformer the fault has been occurred.

HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

1. Power supply

1. Potential and Current Transformer

2. Regulator IC’s (IC7805, IC7812&IC7912)

3. Operational Amplifier(TL082)

1. Liquid Crystal Display (16*2 type)

2. Microcontrollers

1. PIC microcontroller (16F8774)

2. ATMEL microcontroller (89C52)

3. Crystal oscillator(20 MHz&11.0952MHz)

POWER SUPPLY

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF POWER SUPPLY

• The step-down transformer used to reduce the available 230 V

into 12 V for the circuit operation.

• Since the ICs working under DC voltage conditions, bridge

rectifier circuit converts the AC into DC supply

Transformer Rectifier Filter IC regulator Load

• There is a possibility of presence of Ac component in the rectified

DC supply. The filter circuit is used to by pass the AC

components in the DC voltage

• The ICs working in 5 V DC the regulators are used here in

order

to maintain the supply at a constant level. Here we have used

LM7812 to maintain 12 V & LM7805 to maintain 5 V for Ics

and Display.

• Here load is our system components

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF POWER SUPPLY

LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY

• Connection to the LCD is through a 14-pin interface, physically

arranged 1x14. We only need to use six lines to write to the

display. And since four of these lines are tri-stated when not in

use, they can be shared by other hardware.

PIC MICROCONTROLLER DEVICE FEATURES

• Operating frequency DC- 20 MHz• Resets ( and Delays) POR, BOR (PWRT, OST)• Flash Program Memory ( 14-bit words) 8K• Data Memory ( bytes ) 368• EEPROM Data Memory ( bytes ) 256• Interrupts 15• I/O Ports Ports A, B, C, D, E• Timers 3• Capture/Compare/PWM Modules 2• Serial Communications MSSP, USART• Parallel Communications PSP• 10-bit Analog-to-Digital Module 8 input channels• Analog Comparators 2• Instruction Set 35 instructions• Packages 40-pin PDIP,44-pin

PLCC

PIN CONFIGURATION OF PIC MICRO CONTROLLER

ATMEL MICROCONTROLLER DEVICE FEATURES

• Extensive Boolean processing (Single - bit Logic) Capabilities.

• On - Chip Flash Program Memory

• On - Chip Data RAM

• Bi-directional and Individually Addressable I/O Lines

• Multiple 16-Bit Timer/Counters

• Full Duplex UART

• Multiple Source / Vector / Priority Interrupt Structure

• On - Chip Oscillator and Clock circuitry.

• On - Chip EEPROM

• SPI Serial Bus Interface

• Watch Dog Timer

ATMEL CONFIGURATION OF PIC MICRO CONTROLLER

ADVANTAGES

• This proposal greatly reduces the manpower and operates efficiently without human interference.

• This is a time-saving method.

• Installation cost is also low.

CONCLUSION

• Thus we conclude that our project will detect the fault in the transformer using microcontrollers and RF transmitter and receiver. Also it can detect the location of the fault and intimates it to the Electricity Board office automatically through wireless communication.

• The system mainly works on fault analysis and microcontroller operation. The intimation of fault occurrence to the Electricity Board office is very quick.

• The result of this proposed work is very promising and gives perfect detection of transformer fault and its location. This project will be very useful in day to day life.

FUTURE WORK

This can be used in real time application for detecting and locating the transformer faults with the help of microcontrollers and RF transmitter and receiver. This Project can be modified by using FPGA and GSM. Using FPGA, any number of parameters can be connected. Using GSM, long distance transmission can be done.

THANK YOU..!!!