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History of Education Sector:1948-49 University education commission constituted

1951 First Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) established at Kharagpur

1952-53 Secondary Education Commission constituted

1958 Second IIT established at Mumbai

1961 First two Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs) set up at

Ahmedabad and Kolkata

1968 First National Policy on Education (NPE) adopted

1975 Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) Scheme launched

1985 Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU) established by an

Act of Parliament

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Contd.1987-88 All India Council of Technical Education (AICTE) vested with

statutory status by an Act of Parliament

1994 District Primary Education Programme (DPEP), National

Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) , National Board of

Accreditation (NAB) established.

2001 Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) launched to universalize

elementary education of good quality all over the country

2004 Mid-Day Meal scheme as well as EDUSAT a satellite dedicated to

education, launched

2005 National Commission for Minority Educational Institutions

established by Act of Parliament

2006 Two Indian Institutes of Science Education & Research (IISERs)

established at Kolkata and Pune, respectively

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Indian education system

Elementary Education

Secondary board Examination

(SSC/ICSE/CBSE Board)

Senior/ Higher secondaryBoard Examination

Graduation Degree

(B.com, B.sc, BA)

Masters Degree

(MBA,CA,CFA)

Doctorate level Programme

(PhD)

Masters Degree

(M.tech MD)

Engineering/

Doctor Degree

Vocational Secondary

Polytechnics(Diploma Course)

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Indian Education system

Pre-School and Primary & Secondary Education

Central Board of secondary education CBSE

Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations CISCE State Board

Higher Education :

Diploma Courses Bachelors/UndergraduateDegrees

Masters/Post-graduate

Degrees and Pre-doctoral/Doctoral programs

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Main features ofIndian Higher Education system

Highly bureaucratized system with multiple controls and regulations

exercised by Central and State Governments.

System is heavily subsidized by the Government. The efficiency offund utilization is very poor due to internal rigidities.

Salary and compensation for teaching staff is poor and, therefore,

higher education institutions are unable to attract and retain

qualified and trained teachers.

Most institutions offer outdated programmes with inflexible

structures and content.

Infrastructural facilities range from inadequate to dismal.

Steady electric power supply is not available.

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Classification ofH

igher Education

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TECHNICALEDUCATION

UNIVERSITYGRANTS

COMMISSION

(UGC)

ALL INDIACOUNCIL

FOR TECHNICAL

EDUCATION(AICTE)

STATUTORY

COUNCILS SUCH AS

THE MCI, BCI, ETC

DISTANCE

EDUCATION

COUNCIL

Classification cntd..

Governed by

Non Technical Education is governed by University Grantscommission and Distance education council.

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Avenues ofHigher

Education

University

University GrantsCommission

DeemedUniversities


Colleges


All India councilfor Technical

Education (AICTE)

Governed by

Avenues of Higher Education:

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Higher Education: International Scenario

Economic Order and the Role ofHigher Education

Internet in Education

Globalisation and Higher Education

World Trade Organization (WTO) and Higher Education

e-Education

Academic Community on Globalisation

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Current Scenario:

World well known higher education institutions

Challenge of maintaining quality of education in primary and secondary

schools, vocational studies, distance education

New emerging professions (like BPOs, clinical research, aviation, travel,tourism etc.)

Rough estimate of approx 8.8 lacks elementary schools & 3-4 lacks upperprimary schools

1.46 lacks secondary and senior secondary schools

Around 7.7 lack ISO 9000 certified schools and 1.1 lacks

ISO 14000 certified schools all over the world

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Facets of Higher Education

University Grants Commission (UGC)

Universities

Autonomous Colleges

Deemed Universities

All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE)

Position of Institutes such as ISB, IIPM, etc.

Foreign Universities

Distance Education Council (DEC)

Statutory Professional Councils

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Main players in Indian Higher Education University Grants Commission (UGC) set up under UGC Act 1956

is responsible for coordination, determination, and maintenance of

standards and release of grants to universities and research

organizations.

Professional councils that are responsible for recognition ofcourses, promotion of professional institutions and provision of

grants to undergraduate programmes.

As of today software development does not have a statutory

council. NASSCOM is generally accepted as equivalent of a

council. Research Councils: A number of them have been setup under the

Central (federal) government.

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Present Situation : Why the sector is lagging

Indian education sector is regulated by two agencies namely the

University Grants Commission (UGC) and the All India Council for

Technical Education (AICTE).

The UGC controls the establishment of private universities in the

country while the AICTE has the sole authority to plan and maintain

technical education in the country.

Another reason for slow pace of growth in this sector can be

attributed to delay in allowing FDI in education.

Also, there is an effort on the part of the government to block the

entry of foreign universities into India.

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Principal goals in educational services: Ensure right of US companies to establish operations in

foreign markets including the right to wholly own these

investments.

Ensure that U.S companies get national treatment by

getting foreigners same rights as domestic investors.

Promote pro-competitive regulatory reform focused on

an adequacy of appropriate and consistent rules.

Remove barriers to generate cross border trade.

Remove obstacles to free movement of people and

business information.

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Issues related to Education Sector

Funding And Infrastructure

Quality education requires teacher training

increase in Enrolment rate

Curriculum issues

Controversy

Development of Teachers

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%

of GDP spend byI

ndia at the global average

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

% of GDP Spend on Education

Public Education Expenditure GDP Population Aged 5-25 yrs

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Expenditure by Indian Education Sector

0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

14%

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Expenditure on Education by IEC

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Expenditure on Higher education per student

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

Public Expenditure

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Genesis ofCoaching Class Market:

Indias inadequate education system is being further

stretched due to its increasing population.

$6.4bn segment of coaching classes has sprouted around

formal IES. The market is rapidly growing as the Indian education

system lays heavy emphasis on marks scored in an exam.

At $5.1bn, the tuitions market forms 80% of the coaching

class opportunity and is inherently difficult to scale.

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Share of Private and Public Education

010203040

50607080

0100

Public

Private

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Market size Current &After Five yearsSegment Current Market (US $M) 2012 Market (US $M)

Preschools 985 3,426

Engineering 5,850 9,750

Medical 473 675

MBA 731 1463

Engineering (Test Prep) 1,000 2,000

UPSC (Civil Service) 120 240

Medical (Test Prep) 420 840

IT-Training - Retail 187 376IT-Training - Corporate 38 140

E-learning - Retail 14 147

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FDIIn ducation Sector

Government allows FDI up to 100% in education sector.

Foreign investments can be made only into companiesproviding educational services

Other segments such as vocational training and tutoring

services are attracting a great amount of interest amonginvestors largely due their unregulated environment.

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Genesis ofCoaching ClassMarket:

Indias inadequate education system is being further

stretched due to its increasing population.

$6.4bn segment of coaching classes has sproutedaround formal IES.

The market is rapidly growing as the Indian education

system lays heavy emphasis on marks scored in an

exam.

At $5.1bn, the tuitions market forms 80% of the

coaching class opportunity and is inherently difficult to

scale.

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Coaching class Market

3.40%

16.90%

79.70%

Coaching Class Market

Post Grad test

Grad test prep

6th -12th & Tertiary

education

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Post Grad Test Prep Market:

12.40%2.80%

3.50%

3.10%

1.90%

41.60%

34.70%

Post Grad Test Market

GATE

GMAT

GRE

IELTS

TOEFL

CAT

CET

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SWOTAnalysais:

SWOT

Strengths:Highly educated , skilled , capable &dynamic human resources .English speaking & analytical

studentsVery rich in Natural & Living resourcesBiodiversity & Traditional knowledge baseIndia Strategic position at various platformsIT & Software superpower

Weaknesses:Lack of trained & skill work forceSmall supply of specialize professionalLack of effective & execution frameworkLack ofIndian management modelsLack of transparency-Trust-ResponsibilityLack of spirits of entrepreneurshipFear of sharing knowledge & taking risk

Opportunities:

GeneralA

greement of trade on ServicesResearch & Development capabilityGenerate intellectual propertyResource Building capacityCompetition- cost Quality serviceCollaboration : win-win thinkingHybrid solutionbalancing & blendingRural economy development

Threats:A

feeling of unstable governmentSelf centered political leadershipSlow & Dysfunctional judiciary and corruptlaw enforcersRegulation, protection and restrictionMechanistic -stable-Layered-complex systemCorruption, Ignorance & ComplacencyHigh competitive & marketing forces

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Challenges : Need for Reforms

Provide Quality education rather than focusing on quantity.

A huge variance between Rural and Urban education system.

Like Health Sector a very low or no focus by Indian Government to

improve education in Government Schools and Colleges.

Reservations and Quota system emerged as the only motivating

factor to improve literacy. The actual need is to come up with

reforms to promote literacy by better education.

More Stress is required to improve the quality of teachers and

promote environment and perks to improve teacher ship.

Create quality education hubs like IITs and IIMs. Reforms on

bringing up the foreign college affiliations in India to improve

quality.

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Impact of the Recession on Education Education Financing.

Employment trends in the education sector.

Changes in migration and mobility patterns. Salaries - trends and changes.

Changes in working hours.

Changes in other benefits (pensions, health, other

social protection).

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Mergers andAcquisition

Edserve currently serves a niche in Education space by

providing technology to meet human resource requirements for

educational institutions along with focus on content delivery

and learning model for schools in India.

Schoolmate is a branded CRM and ERP software for

educational institutions.

The solution thus helps schools in automating the information

providing process right from admission to school activities. Schoolmate's acquisition will provide Edserv access to more

than 70 schools and will help it to achieve its target of 250

schools by the year end.

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Recommendations

The Government resources for higher education are simply not

enough. Government supervision of higher education is

dismal, to say the least.

Recourse to quality private higher education, both university

and non-university is essential.

India needs to have a proactive demand based policy towards

private higher education.

Broad-band services and provision of computers is an essential

requirement of higher education.

Open Universities need to be encouraged to offer quality

programmes at the least cost.

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C

onclusion:A number of studies and reports indicate that strongreturns could be expected from the sector. With about

50% of Indias population being younger than 25

years of age and the severe shortage of institutionsdelivering high quality education and training across

various segments, what is present before the

regulators and policy makers is a timely opportunity

to usher in change and raise the reach and standardsof education in India.

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