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How to Learn German Languagea helping tutorial after/Before Sprachen Zentrum offered German Language coursesPart Two Shah Waez © [email protected] +4917671991718 Institute of Crop Science University of Hohenheim
32

Final Lecture Two.

Jan 20, 2017

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Page 1: Final Lecture Two.

How to Learn ‘German Language’a

helping tutorial after/Before

‘Sprachen Zentrum offered German Language courses’

Part Two

Shah Waez©

[email protected]

+4917671991718

Institute of Crop Science

University of Hohenheim

Page 2: Final Lecture Two.

By: Shah Waez

German articles Die Artikel Geschlechtswörter

German articles come from two ways:

1) Naturally occurring articles or natürlischen

Geschlecht. Example: der Man, die Frau.

2) Grammatical articles or gramatischen Geschlecht

Example, der Rogner but its actually one female

fish!! , das Mädchen but acutally they are female.

Page 3: Final Lecture Two.

By: Shah Waez

German articles classifications:

Mainly two types of articles:

1. Die bestimmten Artikel.

der, die and das !!

2. Die unbestimmten Artikel.

ein, eine, kein and keine !!

Page 4: Final Lecture Two.

By: Shah Waez

A. Die bestimmten Artikel. ‘der’

Use of the artikel “DER’’!! >>MASCULINE (der/ein):

1.Days, months, and seasons.

Der Montag, der Januar, der Sommer.

Exceptions!! das Frühjahr

Page 5: Final Lecture Two.

By: Shah Waez

2. Points of the compass, map locations and winds:

Nordwest(en) (northwest), der Scirocco (sirocco, a hot

desert wind).

3. Precipitation:

Regen, Schnee, Nebel (rain, snow, fog/mist)

Exceptions !! Das Wetter, das Klima.

4. Names of cars and trains:

der VW, der ICE, der Mercedes.

Page 6: Final Lecture Two.

By: Shah Waez

Exceptions !!But motorbikes and aircraft are feminine.

5. Words ending in -ismus:

Journalismus, Kommunismus, Synchronismus.

6. Words ending in -ner:

Rentner, Schaffner, Zentner, Zöllner

Page 7: Final Lecture Two.

By: Shah Waez

7. The basic "atmospheric" elements that end in -stoff:

der Sauerstoff (O2), der Stickstoff (N2), der Wasserstoff

(H2). Carbon(der Kohlenstoff), der Phosphor and der

Schwefel (sulphur).

Exceptions: All of the other chemical elements are

neuter (das Aluminium, Blei, Kupfer, Uran, Zink, usw.).

8. Agents, occupations and nationalities:

der Architekt, der Arzt, der Deutsche, der Fahrer, der

Verkäufer.

Page 8: Final Lecture Two.

By: Shah Waez

9.Nouns ending in -er, when referring to people.

Exceptions: die Jungfer, die Mutter, die Schwester, die

Tochter, das Fenster.

10. Names of alcoholic drinks:

der Wein, der Wodka

Exceptions: das Bier !!

11.Names of mountains and lakes:

der Berg, der See

Page 9: Final Lecture Two.

By: Shah Waez

12.Most rivers outside of Europe:

der Amazonas, der Kongo, der Mississippi.

13.Most nouns ending in -ich, -ling, -ist:

Rettich, Sittich, Schädling, Frühling, Pazifist.

Page 10: Final Lecture Two.

By: Shah Waez

B. Die bestimmten Artikel feminine. ‘die’

1. Nouns endning in the following suffixes like –

heit,-keit, -tät, -ung, -schaft. Example: die Freiheit,

Universität.

2. Nouns ending in -ie: Drogerie, Geographie,

Komödie.

3.Names of aircraft, ships and motorbikes: die

Boeing 747, die Titanic, die BMW.

Exception: Motorbike only the car is der BMW.

Page 11: Final Lecture Two.

By: Shah Waez

4. Nouns ending in -ik: die Grammatik, Grafik, Klinik,

Musik, Panik, Physik.

5.Foreign nouns ending in: -ade, -age, -anz, -enz, -

ette, -ine, -ion, -tur: Parade, Blamage (shame),

Bilanz, Distanz, Frequenz, Serviette (napkin),

Limonade, Nation, Konjunktur (economic trend).

A rare –ade exception: der Nomade.

6. Cardinal numbers: eine Eins, eine Drei (a one, a

three)

Page 12: Final Lecture Two.

By: Shah Waez

7. Nouns ending in -in that pertain to female people,

occupations, nationalities: Amerikanerin, Studentin.

Exceptions: der Harlekin, das Benzin, der Urin !!

8. Most nouns ending in -e: Ecke, Ente, Grenze,

Pistole, Seuche.

Exceptions: der Deutsche, der Junge.

9. Nouns ending in -ei: Partei, Schweinerei.

Exceptions: das Ei, der Papagei

Page 13: Final Lecture Two.

By: Shah Waez

10. Most types of flowers and trees: Birke, Rose,Eiche

Chrysantheme.

Exceptions: der Ahorn, das Gänseblümchen, der

Baum

Exceptions: Foreign nouns ending in -isse, -itis, -

ive: Hornisse, Initiative.

Page 14: Final Lecture Two.

By: Shah Waez

C. Die bestimmten Artikel Neuter. ‘das’

1.Nouns ending in -chen or -lein: Fräulein, Häuschen,

Kaninchen, Mädchen.

2.Infinitives used as nouns (gerunds): das Essen, das

Schreiben.

3.Almost all of the 112 known chemical elements das

Aluminium, Blei, Kupfer, Uran, Zink, Zinn, Zirkonium.

4. Names of hotels, cafés and theaters.

Page 15: Final Lecture Two.

By: Shah Waez

5.Geographic place names towns,countries & continents

das Berlin, Deutschland, Brasilien.

Exceptions: der Irak, der Jemen, die Schweiz, die

Türkei, die USA

6.Young animals and people: das Baby, das Küken

7. Nouns ending in -o: das Auto, Büro, Kasino.

Exceptions: die Avocado, die Disko, der Euro.

Page 16: Final Lecture Two.

By: Shah Waez

8. Fractions: das/ein Viertel (¼), das/ein Drittel

Exceptions: die Hälfte, half

9.Most foreign nouns ending in -ment: Ressentiment,

Supplement

10. Most nouns ending in -nis: Versäumnis

Exceptions: die Erlaubnis, die Erkenntnis, die

Finsternis

Exceptions:der Zement, der/das Moment

Page 17: Final Lecture Two.

By: Shah Waez

11. Most nouns ending in -tum or -um: Christentum,

Königtum.

Exceptions: der Irrtum, der Reichtum

Page 18: Final Lecture Two.

By: Shah Waez

German Verbs Die Verben

1. Auxullary verb Hilfsverben Sein verben

I am = Ich ‘bin’

You are 21 =Du ‘bist’

You 22 =ihr ‘seid’

He/she/It/Man 31 = Er/sie/Es/Man ‘ist’

We/YouF/They =Wir/SieF/sie ‘sind’

Present Tense or Präsens sein verben *F= Formal. When you

will speak with unknow

or senior person.

21= second person

singular number.

22= second person

plural number.

Page 19: Final Lecture Two.

By: Shah Waez

Present Tense or Präsens haben verben

I have= Ich ‘habe’

You have= Du ‘hast’

He/she/it/Man has= Er/sie/Es/Man‘hat’

You/They/We have =Sie/sie/Wir ‘haben’

You have= ihr ‘habt’

Page 20: Final Lecture Two.

By: Shah Waez

Future Tense Sein verben

I Shall= Ich ‘werde’

You shall=Du ‘wirst’

He/she/Man/It will = Er/sie/Es/Man ‘wird’

You will=ihr ‘werdet’

You/They/ We shall = Sie/sie/Wir ‘werden’

Page 21: Final Lecture Two.

By: Shah Waez

Past Tense Sein verben

I was=Ich ‘war’

He/She/It/Man was = Er/sie/Es/Man ‘war’

You was= Du ‘warst’

You were= ihr ‘wart’

You/They/We were = Sie/sie/Wir ‘waren’

Page 22: Final Lecture Two.

By: Shah Waez

Past Tense haben verben

I had = Ich ‘hatte’

He/She/It/Man had= Er/sie/Es/Man‘hatte’

You had= Du ‘hattest’

You had= ihr ‘hattet’

You/They/We = Sie/sie/Wir ‘hatten’

Page 23: Final Lecture Two.

By: Shah Waez

German Main verbs: die Vollverben

1. Need to the Infinitive !!

Infinitive Lernen Lern

Page 24: Final Lecture Two.

By: Shah Waez

Ich Lern e Lerne

Du Lern st Lernst

Er/sie/es Lern t Lernt

Wir/Sie/sie Lern en Lernen

ihr Lern t Lernt

Page 25: Final Lecture Two.

By: Shah Waez

Exceptions!!

Some strong verb show the following exceptions for

the 2nd and 3rd person singular number!!

a will be converted into ä

e will be converted into i

Fallen Fall Du fällst Er fällt

Helfen Helf Du hilfst Er hilft

Page 26: Final Lecture Two.

By: Shah Waez

au will be converted into äu

Laufen Lauf Du läufst Er läuft

eh will be converted into ieh

Stehlen Stehl Du stiehlst Er stiehlt

o will be converted into ö

Stoßen Stoß Du stößt Er stößt

Page 27: Final Lecture Two.

By: Shah Waez

Exceptions:

The verb which ends with eln will be changed in le

for 1st person singular and add extra n for 1st person

plural number.

Wandeln Wandel Ich wandle Wir wandeln

Sammeln Sammel Ich sammle Wir sammeln

Page 28: Final Lecture Two.

By: Shah Waez

Exceptions:

The verbs which ends with s,ss, ß, tz and z will add

only t incase of 2nd person plural number.

Rasen Ras Du rast

Lassen Lass Du lässt

Hetzen Hetz Du hetzt

Reißen Reiß Du reißt

Reizen Reiz Du reizt

Page 29: Final Lecture Two.

By: Shah Waez

German Numbers

Page 30: Final Lecture Two.

By- Shah Waez

1 Eins

2 Zwei

3 Drei

4 Vier

5 Fünf

6 Sechs

7 Sieben

8 Acht

9 Neuen

10 Zehn

11

12

Elf

Zwölf

13 Dreizehn

14 Vierzehn

15 Fünfzehn

16 Sechzehn

17 Siebzehn

18 Achtzehn

19 Nuenzehn

20 Zwanzig

Deutche Number

Page 31: Final Lecture Two.

By: Shah Waez

21 Einundzwanzig

30 Dreizig

99 Neunundneunzig

100 Hundert

101 Einhundertundeins

111 Einhundertundelf

Page 32: Final Lecture Two.

By- Shah Waez

Ordinal Number or Ordinalzahlen

Erster Zweiter Dritter

Erste Position Zweite Position

Fractional number or Bruchzahlen

Halb Drittel Viertel

Fractional number or Bruchzahlen