Final Grades and Marks

Final Scores and GradesFinal Scores and Grades

ED 525 Eastern Oregon UniversityED 525 Eastern Oregon University Sharon PorterSharon Porter

Power Law of LearningPower Law of LearningAverage score for a given topic is Average score for a given topic is

not necessarilynot necessarily the best the best representation of a student’s true representation of a student’s true score at the end of the grading score at the end of the grading periodperiod

Averaging assumes that no Averaging assumes that no learning has occurred from learning has occurred from assessment to assessment!assessment to assessment!

In a learning curve, the amount of In a learning curve, the amount of learning from session to session is learning from session to session is large at first and then tapers off.large at first and then tapers off.

The Method of Mounting The Method of Mounting EvidenceEvidence

Low-tech solution and straightfowardLow-tech solution and straightfoward

Once a student has provided enough Once a student has provided enough evidence for the teacher to conclude that evidence for the teacher to conclude that a certain score level has been reached, a certain score level has been reached, that score is considered the student’s that score is considered the student’s true score for the to and pic at that point true score for the to and pic at that point in time.in time.

Then, the teacher seeks evidence for the Then, the teacher seeks evidence for the next score higher up.next score higher up.

Do-oversDo-overs

Offer to the students a do-over when Offer to the students a do-over when a particular assessment for a topic is a particular assessment for a topic is not consistent with their behavior in not consistent with their behavior in class.class.

Again, seeing enough evidence to Again, seeing enough evidence to conclude that a student has reached conclude that a student has reached a certain point on the scalea certain point on the scale

Life Skills Life Skills

Life skills are not tied to specific Life skills are not tied to specific assessmentsassessments

They can be:They can be: BehaviorBehavior Work CompletionWork Completion Class ParticipationClass Participation AttendanceAttendance

Tasks when combining Tasks when combining gradesgrades

Use only Use only achievementachievement factors!factors!

Equate the scoresEquate the scores Weight the scoresWeight the scores Calculate the final markCalculate the final mark

Practice!Practice!

Calculate the percentage of:Calculate the percentage of: 45 points out of 5045 points out of 50 67 points out of 8967 points out of 89 58 points out of 6058 points out of 60 Convert the following from a four-Convert the following from a four-

point rubric:point rubric: 12 out of 1612 out of 16 11 out of 1611 out of 16 8 out of 168 out of 16

Practical approachesPractical approaches

Front-end equating – very Front-end equating – very common practicecommon practice

Back-end equatingBack-end equating Same results for either, Same results for either,

find your fitfind your fit

Using front-end equatingUsing front-end equating

Goal-convert all grades to a 100-Goal-convert all grades to a 100-point scalepoint scale Divide the number of points obtained by Divide the number of points obtained by

the points possible and multiply by 100.the points possible and multiply by 100. Example: (37/50) x 100 = 74%Example: (37/50) x 100 = 74% Not technically perfect, but common Not technically perfect, but common

practice for classroom usepractice for classroom use

Front-end EquatingFront-end Equating

One, Two, Three Times One, Two, Three Times PlanPlan

Percentages PlanPercentages PlanLanguage Arts PlanLanguage Arts Plan

One, Two, Three Times PlanOne, Two, Three Times Plan Homework and classwork are totaled Homework and classwork are totaled

and averaged and used once (1)and averaged and used once (1) Quizzes are totaled and averaged and used Quizzes are totaled and averaged and used

two times (2)two times (2) Performance assessments are totaled and Performance assessments are totaled and

averaged and used three times (3)averaged and used three times (3) Add all and divide by 6.Add all and divide by 6. Practice! Practice!

Practice the 1-2-3 Times Practice the 1-2-3 Times PlanPlan

Homework scores:Homework scores: 83, 82, 87, 93, 83, 82, 87, 93, 95, 86, 79, 84, 92, 80, 88, 9595, 86, 79, 84, 92, 80, 88, 95

Quiz scores:Quiz scores: 81, 89, 79, 92, 77, 87 81, 89, 79, 92, 77, 87 Performance scores:Performance scores: 80, 92, 86 80, 92, 86 87 (one time) + 84 + 84 (two 87 (one time) + 84 + 84 (two

times) + 86 = 86 = 86 = 513/6= times) + 86 = 86 = 86 = 513/6= 85.5 = 86 as the six-week grade85.5 = 86 as the six-week grade

Percentages PlanPercentages Plan

Determine the percentage Determine the percentage of each component: of each component: homework is 20% of the homework is 20% of the grade, quizzes are 40% of grade, quizzes are 40% of grade, performance grade, performance assessments are 40%assessments are 40%

Practice with previous dataPractice with previous data

Homework scores:Homework scores: 83, 82, 87, 93, 83, 82, 87, 93, 95, 86, 79, 84, 92, 80, 88, 95 = 95, 86, 79, 84, 92, 80, 88, 95 = average of 86.7average of 86.7

Quiz scores:Quiz scores: 81, 89, 79, 92, 77, 87 = 81, 89, 79, 92, 77, 87 = average of 84.2average of 84.2

Performance scores:Performance scores: 80, 92, 86 = 80, 92, 86 = average of 86average of 86

Why is the grade different if we used Why is the grade different if we used the same data as the 1,2,3, Times the same data as the 1,2,3, Times Plan?Plan?

Language Arts PlanLanguage Arts Plan

Some components are broken into Some components are broken into smaller bits and then averaged as one smaller bits and then averaged as one component of the totalcomponent of the total

Data to use for practice:Data to use for practice:1.1. Publishing gradePublishing grade, at the end of 6-week period is , at the end of 6-week period is

88882.2. Goal meeting gradeGoal meeting grade, at the end of 6 weeks is 86, at the end of 6 weeks is 863.3. Journal gradesJournal grades are 82 + 92 + 94 + 91 + 88 + are 82 + 92 + 94 + 91 + 88 +

86 86 4.4. Daily process gradesDaily process grades are 78 + 82 + 94 + 94 + are 78 + 82 + 94 + 94 +

91 + 86 91 + 86 What is the 6 week grade?What is the 6 week grade?

Back-End EquatingBack-End Equating

Decide how many points each component Decide how many points each component of your grading system is worth on a of your grading system is worth on a case-by-case basiscase-by-case basis

Use the number of points that fits the Use the number of points that fits the complexity of the component and the complexity of the component and the number discrimination you can reliably number discrimination you can reliably make.make.

Don’t have to stick to evens of 10 or 5 or Don’t have to stick to evens of 10 or 5 or 15 for each homework assignment, etc.15 for each homework assignment, etc.

•Use this if it suits you

Steps in Back-End EquatingSteps in Back-End Equating

1.1. Identify the component of your Identify the component of your grading system and assign each a grading system and assign each a weight, expressed as a percentage of weight, expressed as a percentage of the whole.the whole. Homework 15%Homework 15% Objective tests 20%Objective tests 20% Performance tests 20%Performance tests 20% Portfolio 20%Portfolio 20% Classroom work 15%Classroom work 15% Notebook 10%Notebook 10%

Step 2Step 2

Record in the gradebook the actual Record in the gradebook the actual points earned out of the total points earned out of the total possible.possible.

Example . . .Example . . .

Step 3Step 3 Total the actual points earned for each component and Total the actual points earned for each component and

divide this by the possible points and multiply by 100.divide this by the possible points and multiply by 100.

CornellCornellRosieRosie

HomeworkHomework 50/70 = 50/70 = 55/70 =55/70 =

Objective testsObjective tests 45/60 =45/60 =35/60 =35/60 =

Performance testPerformance test 33/40 =33/40 =39/40 =39/40 =

PortfolioPortfolio 18/20 = 9018/20 = 9015/20 = 7515/20 = 75

Classroom workClassroom work 39/50 = 7839/50 = 7837/50 = 7437/50 = 74

NotebookNotebook 5/10 =5/10 = 50 508/10 = 808/10 = 80

Step 4Step 4

Multiply each of these percentages Multiply each of these percentages by the weights assigned and then by the weights assigned and then sum the products.sum the products.

Homework was weighted at 15% so Homework was weighted at 15% so with Cornell’s homework of 71, it with Cornell’s homework of 71, it looks like this:looks like this:

71 x 0.15 = 10.671 x 0.15 = 10.6

Step 5Step 5

Record the 6-week mark either as Record the 6-week mark either as letter grade or as a total letter grade or as a total (percentage) according to your (percentage) according to your district’s policy.district’s policy.

Textbook Assignment #3Textbook Assignment #3-Due November 7th-Due November 7th

Modeled on exercise #5 on Modeled on exercise #5 on page 241 (where you can page 241 (where you can check your answers to see if check your answers to see if you are tracking this you are tracking this process!)process!)

Use this data:Use this data: Quiz- 8 out of 15Quiz- 8 out of 15 Test 37 out of 50Test 37 out of 50 Paper 7 out of 10Paper 7 out of 10 Homework 85 out of 100Homework 85 out of 100 Portfolio 9 out of 10Portfolio 9 out of 10

What is the final numerical What is the final numerical grade? What is the final grade? What is the final letter grade using the scale letter grade using the scale in your textbook.in your textbook.

Weights are:

Quiz 15%

Test 30%

Paper 20%

Homework 20%

Portfolio 15%