This document is made possible by the generous support of the American People through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents are the responsibility of Freeland and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. Illegal wildlife trade is happening on every urbanized continent in the world. The country where the wildlife is sourced from is often not the same country where people buy or consume that wildlife. WILDLIFE TRAFFICKING IS A GLOBAL CONCERN FOR AVIATION Transportation, transit hubs and airports play a major enabling role in the illegal wildlife trade. PANGOLIN FROM: NIGERIA TO: CHINA Reputational Legal Economic Safety RISK OF INJURY AND SPREAD OF DISEASE FROM SMUGGLED WILDLIFE MEDIA REPORTS MAY GIVE AIRLINE NAME, FLIGHT NUMBER OR SUGGEST STAFF INVOLVEMENT RISK OF PROSECUTION FOR FAILING TO ENSURE CARGO IS LEGAL More More = INCREASED SCRUTINY LEADS TO LOST BUSINESS AIRPORTS ACROSS THE WORLD ARE EXPLOITED DAILY SERIOUS RISKS TO THE AVIATION INDUSTRY 50+ SEIZURES A DAY 20,000 SEIZURES A YEAR FACTSHEET Wildlife Trafficking in Aviation Ivory, rhino horn, reptiles and birds collectively account for over 60% of all trafficked wildlife, according to the United Nations Office On Drugs and Crime (UNODC). Other mammals, including pangolin (the world’s most trafficked mammal), and marine species make up a further 20%. TRANSPORT METHOD UNKNOWN = 21% 35 % 21% 10 % LUGGAGE 3 % AIR FREIGHT PASSENGER CLOTHING / ITEMS IVORY BIRDS INDICATORS OF TRAFFICKING - IVORY INDICATORS OF TRAFFICKING - BIRDS MOST COMMON WAYS IVORY IS TRAFFICKED MOST COMMON WAYS BIRDS ARE TRAFFICKED 54 % 16% 6% LUGGAGE 2 % AIR MAIL AIR FREIGHT PASSENGER CLOTHING / ITEMS REPTILES INDICATORS OF TRAFFICKING - REPTILES MOST COMMON WAYS REPTILES ARE TRAFFICKED 44% 10% 21 % 1 % AIR MAIL AIR FREIGHT PASSENGER CLOTHING / ITEMS 57 % 11% LUGGAGE 5% AIR MAIL AIR FREIGHT RHINO HORN INDICATORS OF TRAFFICKING - RHINO HORN MOST COMMON WAYS RHINO HORN IS TRAFFICKED PRIVATE PLANE 2 % TRANSPORT METHOD UNKNOWN = 21% TRANSPORT METHOD UNKNOWN = 20% 6% PASSENGER CLOTHING / ITEMS TRANSPORT METHOD UNKNOWN = 31% AIR MAIL • Items wrapped in aluminum or tin foil, paper, plastic or cloth (to disguise shape and to prevent being recognized as organic material by scanners). • Suspected change of baggage tags (to disguise route or to swap to an ‘easier’ route). • Additional baggage; baggage or unusual or uneven weight. • Physical pat down or clothing presents unusual bulk or lumps. • Indirect transport routes, especially if originating from African countries. • Missing, incomplete or fraudulent customs documentation. • Items wrapped in aluminum or tin foil, paper, plastic or cloth. • Suspected change of baggage tags. • Additional baggage; baggage or unusual or uneven weight. • Physical pat down or clothing presents unusual bulk or lumps. • Indirect transport routes, especially if originating from African countries. • Missing, incomplete or possibly fraudulent customs documentation. • Described or labeled as taxidermy or pottery. • Detected movement or noise from baggage • Unusual smell • Unusual number of suitcases • Contents described as ‘stones’ • Direct flights • Passenger appears nervous or over-dressed, is walking or moving strangely, visits bathroom frequently. • Missing, incomplete or possibly fraudulent customs documentation. • Detected movement or noise from baggage • Scanner presents multiple tubular shapes • Unusual smell • Physical pat down or passenger clothing presents unusual bulk or lumps • Direct flights • Passenger appears nervous or over-dressed, is walking or moving strangely, visits bathroom frequently. • Missing, incomplete or possibly fraudulent customs documentation. BAGGAGE BAGGAGE BAGGAGE BAGGAGE delays checks Sources: ‘Flying Under The Radar’, C4ADS, ROUTES 2017; ‘In Plane Sight’, C4ADS, ROUTES August 2018.