Final draft is due next Thursday. Please remember: Typed, double-spaced, 12-point Times or similar font. Put your word count in your header. 250-500 words.

Final draft is due next Thursday. Please remember:• Typed, double-spaced, 12-point Times or similar font.• Put your word count in your header. • 250-500 words.• At the top of your essay, type the prompt to which you are responding.• Staple your peer-edited draft to the back along with the yellow peer editing sheet.

I will assess your essay in these categories:

• Content• Structure• Voice• Diction (word choice)• Sentence fluency• Conventions

19th century European art, especially the works canonized by the influential French academy, emphasized an

idealized, romantic view of the world, drawing on classical forms and

mythology. The smoothly-finished surfaces and invisible brushstrokes of academic painters reflect their refined

aesthetic.

Portrait of Princesse de Broglie (1851) by Jean-Auguste Dominique Ingres (1780-1867)

“Grizedale” by Sidney Richard Piercy (1821-1886)

In the late 19th century, the painters who would become known as the

Impressionists rejected the smooth artificiality of academic art. They

developed a new style, with looser, more visible brushstrokes and a more subjective, “impressionistic” view of

the world. Academic artists considered the impressionists “degenerate” and

crude and thought their choice of subjects vulgar and trivial.

In the 1890s, some artists began thinking that the old ideas of art needed to be rejected altogether. Influenced by the

revolutionary thinking of Freud and Nietzsche, and affected by the drastic

cultural and technological changes of the late 19th and early 20th century, artists like

Odilon Redon began creating strange, dream-like works that showed their

interest in the human subconscious, while other painters like Edvard Munch made works that express the anguish of the

human psyche in a time of intense pressure and change.

The Screamby Edvard Munch, 1893

Guardian Spirit of the Watersby Odilon Redon

The Dreamby Odilon Redon, 1903

As the 20th century dawned, the pace of social change increased. The

horrors of World War I shattered what remained of 19th century idealism.

Artists struggling to make sense of a strange and sometimes nightmarish new world broke drastically with old ideas of beauty and developed styles

that came to be known as cubism, surrealism, and abstraction.

Woman with a Blue Hatby Pablo Picasso, 1901

Portrait of Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler by Pablo Picasso, 1910

Wassily Kandinsky, “Improvisation” (1913)

Nude Descending a Staircase by Marcel Duchamp, 1912Derided by one critic as an “explosion in a shingle factory,” Duchamp’s most famous painting was one of many works that caused outrage and scandal at the 1913 Armory Show in New York, which introduced Americans to European modernism.

Let’s contrast Duchamp’s nude with a painting by Ingres to see how ideas of art and the human form changed from the early 19th century to the early 20th century…

Odalisqueby Ingres, 1814

Odalisqueby Ingres, 1814