Final Content Review

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REVIEWFINAL EXAM

QUESTION 1

Use the picture above to explain the lytic cycle.

QUESTION 2

Use the picture above to explain the lysogenic cycle.

QUESTION 3 The fact that the majority of human

newborns weigh around 7 pounds is reflective of ________________.

a. directional selection b. stabilizing selection c. disruptive selection d. None of these is correct.e. All of the above are possibilities

QUESTION 4Describe the structure of a virus.

QUESTION 5 What is natural theology?

QUESTION 6 Which statement most accurately

reflects what population geneticists refer to as "fitness"?

a. Fitness is the measure of an organism's adaptability to various habitats.

b. Fitness reflects the number of mates each individual of the population selects.

c. Fitness refers to the relative health of each individual in the population.

d. Fitness is a measure of the contribution of a genotype to the gene pool of the next generation.

QUESTION 7What is a mass extinction? How are

mass extinctions related to adaptive radiation?

QUESTION 8 Summarize the flow of genetic

information during replication of a retrovirus. Indicate the enzymes that catalyze this flow. _____________ ____________ __________ Enzymes: (where does the RNA

polymerase come from—virus or host?)

QUESTION 9 Bacteria can undergo genetic

recombination. Which of the following is NOT a mechanism by which bacteria can obtain extra novel DNA?

a. Transformationb. Conjugationc. Translocationd. Transductione. All of the above

QUESTION 10 How do viruses get into cells?

#1________ #2________

QUESTION 11What is a deme? Differentiate between intraspecific

variation and interspecific variation.

QUESTION 12Who was Cuvier? What theory was he a

proponent for?

QUESTION 13 Using the Hardy-Weinberg Principle,

which expression represents the frequency of the homozygous recessive genotype?

a. p2

b. 2pqc. q2

d. qe. 2pq2

QUESTION 14Why can’t natural selection fashion

perfect organisms?

QUESTION 15 What is gradualism? Who proposed it?

QUESTION 16What killed the dinosaurs? (Both

theories)

QUESTION 17What is Pangea? How long ago did it

come together? What did it eventually separate to form?

QUESTION 18 Transfer of genes by viruses is called

________.

a. Conjugationb. Mutationc. Transductiond. Transformatione. Transposon

QUESTION 19What is allometric growth?

QUESTION 20Two species of dragons are mated at

Hogwarts and produce viable, but sterile offspring. What type of reproductive barrier is this?

QUESTION 21What is uniformitarianism? Who proposed

it and what was his influence?

QUESTION 22 Differentiate between allopatric and

sympatric speciation.

QUESTION 23 When harmless Streptococcus pneumoniae

are mixed with heat-killed, broken-open cells of pathogenic bacteria, live pneuomonia-causing bacteria are found in culture.


QUESTION 24Embryos of two species of unicorns bred

in the forest usually abort.

QUESTION 25 Compare/contrast how Aristotle and

Linnaeus felt about species and their ability to change.

QUESTION 26What is the niche rule? What could

happen if two species in a the same niche try to compete (give all possibilities)?

QUESTION 27Differentiate between the gradual

model and punctuated equilibrium model for the tempo of speciation.

QUESTION 28 It is possible to artificially induce all

virally infected cells to simultaneously lyse by exposing them to UV light or X-rays.Which of the following phases did the viruse occupy prior to UV exposure?

a. Growth lag phaseb. Lytic phasec. Initiation phased. Lysogenic phasee. Lytic-lysogenic intermediation phase

QUESTION 29 For evolution to occur, we have to have

a production of genotypic variation that is expressed in the phenotype. (Recessive genes can hide for years because they are not expressed to the environment). How do we get this variation?

QUESTION 30Once we get the variation, we reduce it.

(Natural selection: “what combination of genes is best for the environment?”) Reduction happens through….

QUESTION 31 So far, we have gotten variation,

reduced it, and NOW we want to maintain it. How do you maintain variation?

QUESTION 32One species of bunny rabbit hops around

when trying to mate with the female, while the other species eats five carrots while standing on one leg when trying to mate with the male. What reproductive barrier is seen in this example?

QUESTION 33 The source of most of the genetic variation

found in bacterial populations is ________.


QUESTION 34Distinguish between allopolyploidy and

autoploidy.

QUESTION 35 Describe/say everything you must know

about the equations/variable involved in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium to effectively solve problems given on the test.

QUESTION 36What is continental drift?

QUESTION 37 A virus killed most of the seals in the North

Sea (e.g., dropped the population from 8000 to 800). In an effort to help preserve the species, scientists caught 20 seals and used them to start a new population in the northwest Pacific Ocean. Which of the following factors would most likely have the least impact in this new population? a. Founder effectb. Random matingc. Genetic driftd. Bottleneck effecte. None of the above

QUESTION 38What are the three modes of natural

selection? Describe them.

QUESTION 39Two species of lemurs mate at different

times during the summer. What reproductive barrier is seen here?

QUESTION 40 Drifting alleles can disappear all together

from the population gene pool. If all but one allele for a given gene disappears, the proportion of individuals who carry it will never stray from 100 percent, unless which of the following occurs?a. Genetic driftb. Spontaneous mutationc. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is satisfiedd. Forced selectione. None of the above

QUESTION 41What is cline? What are the two

biological rules that relate to varying geographical areas?

QUESTION 42 Define species ($50 definition)

QUESTION 43

How does comparative biology support Darwin’s theory of evolution?

QUESTION 44What conditions are necessary for Hardy-

Weinberg equilibrium?

QUESTION 45 Two species of piggies mate and

produce offspring but the hybrid’s offspring are sterile.

QUESTION 46Describe the basic structure of HIV and

how it works (in as much detail as Dr. Cusic explained it).

QUESTION 47What was Lamarck’s theory of evolution? Describe this

in as much detail as Dr. Cusic did during lecture!

QUESTION 48What is coevolution?

QUESTION 49 What is an exaptation?

QUESTION 50 What are prions and what kinds of

conditions do they cause? Describe these.

QUESTION 51 What is heterochrony?

QUESTION 52 What is “descent with modification”?

QUESTION 53 A scientist measures the circumference

of acorns in a population of oak trees and discovers that the most common circumference is 2 cm. What would you expect the most common circumference(s) to be after 10 generations of stabilizing selection?

a. 2 cmb. greater than 2 cm or less than 2 cm c. greater than 2 cm and less than 2 cm d. can't tell from the information given

QUESTION 54 A scientist measures the circumference

of acorns in a population of oak trees and discovers that the most common circumference is 2 cm. What would you expect the most common circumference(s) to be after 10 generations of disruptive selection? a. 2 cmb. greater than 2 cm or less than 2 cm c. greater than 2 cm and less than 2 cm d. can't tell from the information given

QUESTION 55 A scientist measures the

circumference of acorns in a population of oak trees and discovers that the most common circumference is 2 cm. What would you expect the most common circumference(s) to be after 10 generations of directional selection?

a. 2 cmb. greater than 2 cm or less than 2 cm c. greater than 2 cm and less than 2 cm d. can't tell from the information given

QUESTION 56 In the Hardy-Weinberg equation, the

term 2pq represents the frequency of the

a. dominant homozygotes b. recessive homozygotes c. dominant allele d. recessive allele e. heterozygotes

QUESTION 57Define the following:

Analogous structures Homologous structures Vestigial structures

QUESTION 58What things are necessary to have natural

selection?

QUESTION 59What was the Cambrian explosion? How long

ago did it occur?

QUESTION 60 Which of the following factors is most

likely to contribute to gene flow between populations?a. Random matingb. Migrationc. Mutationd. Genetic drifte. inbreeding

GOOD LUCK STUDYING!

Final Content Review

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