15 (Topic)________________________________ A PROJECT SUBMITTED AS A PART OF INTERNAL EVALUATION OF COURSE: ADVANCED FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING PROGRAMME: M. COM, UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI FIRST SEMESTER 2013-14 SUBMITTED BY (Name)________________________________ ROLL NO. __________ UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF MR. ASHOK GUJAR
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(Topic)________________________________
A PROJECT SUBMITTED
AS A PART OF INTERNAL EVALUATION OF
COURSE: ADVANCED FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING
PROGRAMME: M. COM, UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI
FIRST SEMESTER 2013-14
SUBMITTED BY
(Name)________________________________
ROLL NO. __________
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF
MR. ASHOK GUJAR
GURU NANAK COLLEGE OF ARTS, SCIENCE AND COMMERCE
G. T. B. NAGAR, MUMBAI - 400 037
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Declaration
I hereby declare that the work embodied in this project entitled
“_____________________________________________” forms my own
original contribution which has been carried out under the guidance of
Mr.______________________ at Guru Nanak College of Arts, Science and
Commerce, G.T.B. Nagar, Mumbai – 400037. This work has not been submitted
for any other degree of this or any other University. Whenever reference has
been made to the work of others, it has been clearly indicated and included in the
Bibliography.
Signature of Student
(____________________Name)
Certified by
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Signature of Internal Guide Signature of External Examiner
College seal Signature of Principal
Acknowledgement
This project comes out to be a great source of learning and experience. A lot of
effort has been put by various people to make this project a success. This has
greatly enhanced our knowledge about Dell Inc. I greatly acknowledge our
indebtness to Mr. Rahul Mishra,for helping me throughout this project and for
providing me in-depth knowledge. This project is a culmination of efforts of my
friends whose sincere inputs and focused attitude could bring this project to
fruition. Finally, thanks to almighty God who has been a source of strength and
confidence.
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CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS
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Project by Praveen Kumar
M.com (Part-I), Roll No.19,
S.I.E.S. College
Submitted to
Prof: DHANABALU R. NAIKAR
INDEX
Sr.No. Sub-Topics Page No.
1 Introduction 6-7
2 Meaning 7-7
3 Definition as per AS-21 7-8
4 Explanation of Terms 8-13
5 Objectives 14-16
6 Advantages 16-18
7 Cost of Control 18-21
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8 Minority Interest 21-27
9 Consolidated Profit & Loss 28-32
10 Consolidated Balance Sheet 33-36
11Solved Problem on Consolidated Balance Sheet
36-39
12 BIBLOGRAPHY 40-40
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
INTRODUTION:
Business combinations are often results in a parent-subsidiary relationship between
the acquirer and the acquiree. The acquiree continues to operate as a legal entity
separate from the acquirer, while the latter controls the former. A parent and its
subsidiary together form a group. Shareholders of the parent are more interested in
understanding the performance of the group rather than in understanding the
performance of the parent alone.
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Consolidated financial statements present financial information about a parent and
its subsidiaries as a single economic entity. They are presented primarily for the
benefit of the shareholders, creditors, and other resource providers of the parent.
When the number of related companies is large, there is no other way of
summarizing the vast amount of information relating to the individual companies.
Consolidated financial statements often provide the best means of presenting
information regarding the activities and resources of the overall economic entity.
It is now a well established practice across the globe that a parent should present
consolidated statements, which combine the statements of the parent and all
majority-owned subsidiaries excluding those on which it is unable to exercise
control. Although majority ownership is the most common means of acquiring
control. An enterprise may be able to exercise control over another by other means,
such as through the control of the composition of the governing body (the directors
in case of a company). IAS-27 and AS-21 requires the consolidation of the entities
controlled by the reporting enterprise, including those in which the reporting
enterprise has less than majority ownership. SFAS-94 does not require the
consolidation of subsidiaries with less than majority ownership. However it
requires an entity to include financial statements ‘variable interest entities’ (VIE)
in the consolidated financial statements.
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Meaning of Consolidated Financial Statements:
The objective of this Standard is to lay down principles and procedures for
preparation and presentation of consolidated financial statements. Consolidated
financial statements are presented by a parent (also known as holding enterprise) to
provide financial information about the economic activities of its group. These
statements are intended to present financial information about a parent and its
subsidiary or subsidiaries as a single economic entity to show the economic
resources controlled by the group, the obligations of the group and results the
group achieves with its resources.
Consolidation is mandatory only for listed companies as per the listing agreement.
Consolidation’s done as per general rules of preparation of financial statements of
individual companies. Significant accounting policies and notes which necessary
are presenting a true and fair view of consolidated financial statements should also
be disclosed.
DEFINITION AS PER AS-21:
“Consolidated financial statements are the financial statements of a group
presented as those of a single company”
AS 21 come into effect in respect of accounting periods commencing on or after 1st
April i.ie for year ends 31st
March, 2002.The A.S 21 is applicable to all the
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enterprises that prepare the consolidated financial statement. It is mandatory for
Listed Companies and Banking Companies
As per AS 21, the consolidated Financial Statements would include:
I. Profit and Loss A/c
II. Balance Sheet
III. Cash Flow Statement
IV. Notes of Accounts except typical notes.
V. Segment Reporting
Consolidated Financial Statements are prepared in addition to separate financial
statements of the parent and its subsidiaries. Consolidated statements should be
prepared for both domestic as well as foreign subsidiaries.
EXPLANATION OF TERMS:
SUBSIDIARY
The company whose shares are held is called as a subsidiary company. The
subsidiary companies can either be partly owned or wholly owned subsidiaries.
Wholly owned and partly owned subsidiary companies.
If a holding company acquires all the shares (100%) having voting rights of a
company, such company is called wholly-owned subsidiary company. In other
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case, if the holding company owns the majority of shares having voting rights (i.e.,
more than 50% of voting right shares)of a company , such a company os known as
partly owned subsidiary company. In such partly owned subsidiary companies the
remaining shares which the holding company could not acquire, are called the
minority shareholders or outsiders. And the interest of the minority shareholders in
the assets of the subsidiary company is called the minority interest.
Meaning under companies act 1956
Section 4 of the companies Act, 1956 defines a subsidiary company. A company is
a subsidiary of another if and only if
1. That other company controls the composition of its Board of directors; or
2. That other;
3. Where the first mentioned company is an existing company in respect of
which the holders of Preference shares issued before the commencement of
this Act have the same voting rights in all respect as the holders of Equity
shares exercises or controls more than half of the total voting power of such
company.
4. Where the first mentioned company is any other company, holds more than
half in nominal value of its Equity share capitals. OR
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5. The company is a subsidiary of any company which is that other company’s
subsidiary
Analyze the profit of Subsidiary Company:
Analysis of profit of subsidiary company as pre-acquisition profit and post-
acquisition profit is done on the basis of date of acquisition of shares by the
Holding company. Profits earned by the subsidiary company up to the date of
acquisition of shares by Holding company are called as pre-acquisition profits or
capital profits. The profits earned by the subsidiary company after the acquisition
of shares by the Holding company are called as Post-Acquisition profits or
Revenue profits. The loss of the subsidiary up to the date of acquisition is treated
as a capital loss and subsequent to the acquisition as a revenue loss. Thus, the
cutoff date is the date of acquisition of shares of the Holding Company.
If Investments are made during the financial year, the profits should be apportioned
on a reasonable basis i.e. on the basis of time. The assumption being that profits
have accrued evenly during the year.
Particulars Capital Profit Revenue Profit
General Reserve xx xx
Other Reserve xx xx
Profit & loss xx xx
Total xx xx
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Holding Company xx xx
Minority xx xx
xx xx
HOLDING COMPANY
One of the popular firms of business combination is by means of holding company
or Parent Company. A holding company is one which directly or indirectly
acquires either all or more than half the number of Equity shares in one or more
companies so as to secure a controlling interest in such companies, which are then
known as subsidiary companies. Holding companies are able to nominate the
majority of the directors of subsidiary company and therefore control such
companies. Holding company meet directly from such subsidiary company or it
may acquired majority OR shares in existing company. Such company also
considered as subsidiary company in which holding company acquired majority
shares
1. By acquiring more than 50% of voting right shares of some other companies.
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2. By controlling the composition of the board of directors of some other
companies
3. By controlling any other company which is the holding company some other
company.
ADVANTAGES OF HOLDING COMPANIES:
Holding company need not to be invest entire amount in the share capital in
subsidiary company still enjoy controlling power in such company
It would be possible to carry forward losses for income tax purposes
Each subsidiary company prepares its own accounts and therefore financial
position and profitability of each undertaking is known.
Holding company may additional acquired or disposed of and the shares in
subsidiary company market whenever if desired.
PRESENTATIONS OF ACCOUNTS BY HOLDING COMPANIES
As laid down in section (212) of the companies act, 1956. a holding company
requires to attach its balance sheet. The following documents and present the
same to its shareholders.
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1. A copy of the Balance Sheet of the subsidiary.
2. A copy of the Profit and Loss Account of the subsidiary.
3. A copy of the Report of the Board of Directors of the subsidiary
4. A copy of the Auditors Report of subsidiary.
5. A statement indicating the extent of holding company’s interest in the
subsidiary at the end of the accounting year of the subsidiary
6. Where the financial year of the subsidiary company does not coincident with
the financial year of the holding company. A statement showing the
following.
I. Whether there are any changes in holding companies interest in subsidiary
company since the close of financial year of the subsidiary company.
II. Details of material changes which have occurred between the end of the
financial year or the subsidiary company an end of the financial year of the
holding company
PREFERENCE SHARES HELD BY THE HOLDING COMPANY:
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When preference shares are issued by a subsidiary company and are held by the
holding company it should be treated in the same way as equity shares.
If the holding company acquires the preference shares at par, the cost of
investment of the holding company cancels out of shares shown on the Balance
sheet of subsidiary company.
If the preference shares are acquires at premium or at a discount the balance is
carried to goodwill or capital reserve in the Consolidated Balance Sheet. The
preference shares owned by the Minority shareholders are added to Minority
interest.
PARENT COMPANY:
A parent company is a company that owns enough voting stock in another firm to
control management and operations by influencing or electing its board of
directors; the second company being deemed as a subsidiary of the parent
company. The definition of a parent company differs by jurisdiction, with the
definition normally being defined by way of laws dealing with companies in that
H Ltd. acquired the share on 1st April 2009 on which date General Reserve and
profit and loss Account of S Ltd. Showed balances of Rs. 40,000 and Rs. 8,000
respectively. No part of preliminary expenses was written off during the year
ending 31st
March, 2010. Prepare the consolidated balance sheet of H Ltd. And its
subsidiary S Ltd. as on 31st March 2010.
Solution:
1. Capital profits of the subsidiary (i.e. profits earned prior to acquisition of shares)
General Reserve 40,000
Profit & Loss A/c 8,000
48,000
Less: Preliminary Expenses 6,000
42,000
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2. Revenue profits of the subsidiary (i.e. profits earned after the acquisition of
shares)
To General Reserve 10,000 By balance b/fd 8,000
(Rs.50,000-40,000) By Profit for the year 37,000
To Balance c/d 35,000
45,000 45,000
3. Calculation of cost of control or Goodwill
Amount paid for 60% shares of S Ltd 1,62,400
Less:
paid up value of 60% shares of S Ltd 1,20,000
60% of capital profits i.e. profits
Prior to acquisition Rs.42,000 x 60/100 25,200 (1,45,200)
GOODWILL 17,200
4. Calculation of minority Interest
Paid up value of 40% shares of S Ltd 80,000
Add: 40% capital profits = 42,000 x 40/100 16,800
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Add: 40% Revenue Profits = 37,000 x 40/100 11,800
1,11,600
6. Alternatively, minority interest may be calculated as follows
Paid up value of 40% shares of S Ltd 80,000
Add : 40% of General Reserve as on 31.3.2010 20,000
50,000 x 40/100
Add : 40% of profits and Loss Account 14,000
as on 31.03.2010 Rs. 35,000 x40/100
1,14,000
Less : 40% of preliminary expenses Rs. 6,000 x 40/100 2,400
1,11,600
Consolidated Balance sheet of H Ltd. and its subsidiary S Ltd. as at 31.3.2010
Liabilities Amt (Rs.) Assets Amt (Rs.)
Share capital Goodwill 17,200
Equity shares of Rs. 10 each 5,00,000 Other Fixed Assets
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Minority interest 1,11,600 H Ltd. 3,00,000
General Reserve 1,00,000 S Ltd. 1,00,000 4,00,000
Profit and loss A/c H.Ltd 60,000 Current Assets
Revenue Profits of S.Ltd 22,200 82,200 H Ltd. 2,77,600
Creditors S Ltd. 2,39,000 5,16,600
H Ltd. 80,000
S Ltd. 60,000 1,40,000
TOTAL 9,33,800 TOTAL 9,33,800
CONSOLIDATED PROFIT AND LOSS ACCOUNT:
The consolidated profit and loss account of the holding company and its
subsidiaries are prepared to show the operating company and its subsidiaries are
prepared to show the operating the consolidated profit and loss account of the
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holding company and its subsidiary, the items appearing in the profit and loss
account of the holding company and the subsidiary companies have to be
aggregated.
But while doing so, the following adjustments have to be made.
1. Prepare profit and loss account in columnar form Amounts relating to
intercompany transactions are entered in the adjustment column against the
respective items and are subtracted while entering amounts in the total
columns.
2. All inter company operating transactions are eliminated such as purchase
and sale of goods, interest on loans among the group companies.
3. All inter company profits are adjusted
4. Dividends received from the subsidiary company by the holding company
should be eliminated from both the sides of consolidated profit and loss
account.
5. Interest accrued and outstanding on Debenture of the subsidiary company
held by the holding company should be accounted by holding and subsidiary
company both and then it’s should be eliminated.
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6. Readjustment of Depreciation on Revaluation on fixed Assets at the time of
acquisition of shares by the holding company should be adjusted in
consolidated balance sheet and respective fixed assets and in the
consolidated profit and loss account.
7. The minority interest in the profit of subsidiary company should be
transferred minority interest account, in the proportion of total profit after
adjustment of revaluation of fixed Assets, but before adjusting unrealized
profit on stock.
8. The share of holding company in pre-acquisition profit should be transferred
to cost of control, in case shares are acquired during the year.
9. Share of holding company in the past acquisition profits shall be considered
as revenue profits.
10.The balance in holding company columns will represents the total profit or
loss made or suffered by the group as a whole.
Part II- Form of Statement of Profit and Loss
Name of the company __________
Profit and Loss statement for the year ended _________
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Particulars
Note No.
Figures for the current
reporting period
Figures for the
previous reporting
period I. Revenue from operation xxx xxx II. Other Income xxx xxxIII. Total Revenue (i+ii) xxx xxx Expense: Cost of materials consumed xxx xxx Purchases of stock-in-trade xxx xxxIV. Changes in inventories of finished
Total expense xxx xxx V. Profit before exceptional and
extraordinary items and tax(iii-iv) xxx xxx
xxx xxx
VI. Exceptional items xxx xxxVII. Profit before extraordinary items and
tax(v-vi) xxx xxx
VIII. Extraordinary items xxx xxx IX. Profit before tax(vii-viii) xxx xxxX. Tax Expense: xxx xxx
i)current tax xxx xxxii)deferred tax xxx xxx
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XI. Profit(loss) for the period from continuing operations(vii-viii)
xxxx xxxx
XII. Profit/(Loss) from discontinuing operations
xxx xxx
XIII. Tax expenses of discontinuous operations
xxx xxx
XIV. Profit/(loss) from discontinuing operations(after tax)(xii-xiii)
xxx xxxxxx xxx
XV. Profit(Loss) for the period (xi+xiv) xxxx xxxx
Earning per equity share XVI. i)Basic xxx xxx ii)Diluted xxx xxx
SOLVED EXAMPLE ON CONSOLIDATED
XYZ Limited owns 80 per cent of the voting power of AB Limited, its only
investment, acquired on April 1, 2001 for Rs. 1,00,00,000. The net assets of
AB Ltd. on April 1, 2001 were Rs. 1,00,00,000. On October 1, 2002, the
investment in AB Limited was sold for an amount of Rs. 2,00,00,000. The
net assets of AB Limited on March 31, 2002 and September 30, 2002 were
Rs. 1, 50, 00,000 and Rs. 1,80,00,000, respectively, the difference
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representing the profit for the period. The summarized consolidated financial
position of XYZ Limited and its subsidiary on March. 31, 2002 and on
September 30, 2002 was as follows:
Solution:
Particulars 31/03/2002 30/09/2002
SOURCES OF FUNDS
Share Capital
Equity Capital (@ Rs.10 each) 10,00,00,000 10,00,00,000
Reserves and Surplus
Profit and Loss Account 2,50,00,000 3,00,00,000
Minority Interest 30,00,000 36,00,000
TOTAL 12,80,00,000 13,36,00,000
APPLICATION OF FUNDS xx
Fixed Assets
Goodwill 20,00,000 20,00,000
Other Fixed Assets, Net 8,50,00,000 8,00,00,000
Current Assets, Loans and Advances 5,60,00,000 6,86,00,000
Less : Current Liabilities and Provisions (1,50,00,000) (1,70,00,000)
Net Current Assets 4,10,00,000 5,16,00,000
TOTAL 12,80,00,000 13,36,00,000
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The gain or loss on the disposal of the investment in AB Limited would be
computed as follows:
Net assets of AB Ltd. on the date of disposal, i.e., September 30, 2002 1,80,00,000
Less: Minority Interest (36,00.000)
Parent's share in the net assets of the subsidiary 1.44.00.000
Proceeds from disposal of subsidiary 2,00,00,000
Less: Parent's share in the net assets of the subsidiary (1,44,00,000)
Less: Goodwill (20.00.000)
Gain on disposal 36.00,000
[Based on Background Materials for Seminars on AS-21 published by ICAI]
CONSOLIDATION OF BALANCE SHEET:
A holding company is required to present to its shareholders consolidated balance
sheet of holding company and its subsidiaries. Consolidated balance sheet is
nothing but addicting of up or combining the balance sheet of holding and its
subsidiary together. However assets and liabilities are straight forward, i.e. added
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line to line and combination of share capital, reserves, and accumulated losses are
not directly added in consolidated balance sheet.
Preparation of consolidated balance sheet. The following points need special
attention while preparing consolidated balance sheet.
1. Share of holding company and share of minority (outside shareholders).
2. Date of Balance sheet of holding company and that of various subsidiary
companies must be same. If they are not so necessary adjustment must be
made before consolidation.
3. Date of Acquisition of control in subsidiary companies.
4. Intercompany owing.
5. Revaluation of fixed assets as on date of acquisition, depreciation,
adjustment on revaluation amount etc.
6. The shareholding pattern of the subsidiary company as on the date on which
the consolidated balance sheet is prepared.
Particulars
Figures as at the end of current reporting period
Figures as at the end of the previous reporting period
1. Shareholders’ Funds xx xx
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a)Share capital xx xx b)Reserves and surplus xx xx c)Money received against share warrants
xx2. Share application money pending xx xxallotment xx xx3. Non-current Liabilities a)Long-term borrowings xx xx b)Deferred tax liabilities(Net) xx xx c)Other long term liabilities xx xx d)Long-term provisions xx xx4.Current Liabilities a)Short-term borrowings xx xx b)Trade payables xx xx c)Other current liabilities xx xx d)Short-term provisions xx xx
TOTAL xxxx xxxxI) Assets 1. Non-current Assets xx xxa) Fixed assets xx xxi)Tangible assets xx xxii)Intangible assets xx xxiii)Capital work-in-progress xx xxiv)Intangible assets under development xx xxb) Non-current investments xx xx
c) Deferred tax assets(net) xx xx
d) Long term loans and advances xx xx
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e) Other non-current assets xx xx 2. Current Assets xx xxa) Current Investments xx xxb) Inventories xx xxc) Trade Receivables xx xxd) Cash and cash equivalents xx xxe) Short-term loans and advances xx xxf) Other current assets xx xx
TOTAL xxxx xxxx
No.of Shares Proportion (%)
Holding company xx xx
Minority xx xx
For example H.Ltd acquires 8,000 equity shares in S.Ltd. Out of its issued capital
of 10,000 shares, the pattern of holding will be as follows:
No.of Shares Proportion (%)
Holding company 8,000 80%
Minority 2,000 20%
10,000 100%
This proportion should be used for finding out share of pre-acquisition and post
post acquisition profit, minority interest, and cost of control
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Solved Problem on Consolidated Balance Sheet:
H Ltd. acquired 8,000 shares of Rs. 10 each in K Ltd. on 31st
March 2011. The
summarized Balance Sheets of the two companies as on that date were as follows:
Particulars H Ltd. Rs. K Ltd. Rs. Liabilities : Share Capital : 30,000 Shares of Rs. 10 each 300000 10,000 Shares of Rs. 10 each 100,000Capital Reserve 52,000General Reserve 25000 5,000 Profit & Loss Account 38200 18,000Loan from I Ltd. 2100 Bills payable (including Rs. 1,7001,000 to H Ltd.) Creditors 17900 5,000
Total 383200 181,700Assets : Fixed Assets 150000 144,700Investments in K Ltd. at cost 170000 Stock-in-hand 40000 20,000Loan to H Ltd. 2,000Bills Receivable (including Rs. 1200 700 from K Ltd.) Debtors 20000 10,000Bank 2000 5,000 Total 383200 181,700
You are given the following information:
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1. K Ltd. made a bonus issue on 31st March 2011 of one share for every two shares held, reducing the capital reserve equivalently, but the transaction is not shown in the above Balance Sheets.
2. Interest receivable (Rs. 100) in respect of the loan due by H Ltd. to K Ltd. has not been credited in the account of K Ltd.
3. The directors decided that the fixed assets of K Ltd. Were overvalued and should be written down by Rs. 5,000.
Prepare the Consolidated Balance Sheet as at 31st March 2011, showing your workings.
Solution:
Consolidated Balance Sheet of K Ltd. and its Subsidiary K Ltd. As
At 31st
March, 2011
LIABILITIES Rs. Rs. ASSETS Rs. Rs.
Share Capital Fixed Assets
Equity Share Capital Goodwill (on consolidation) 33,920
30,000 Equity shares of
Rs. 10 each, fully paid
3,00,000 Other Fixed Assets 1,50,000
1,39,700
2,89,700
Reserves & Surplus Current Assets, Loans &
Advances
General Reserves 25,000 Stock 40,000
20,000
60,000
P & L A/c H Ltd. 38,200 63,200 Debtors 20,000
Minority Interest 34,020 10,000 30,000
Current Liabilities &
Provisions
Bills Receivable 1,200
Creditors Less : Mutual Dues (200) 1,000
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H Ltd. 17,900
KLtd. 5,000 22,900
Bills Payable 1,700 Cash & Bank 2,000
5,000
7,000
Less : Mutual Dues
Total
(200) 1,500Total
4,21,620 4,21,620
Working Notes:
1) Holding Proportion H Ltd. =12,000/15,000 = 4/5
Minority Interest=3,000/15,000 = 1/5
2).
Analysis of profits Capital Profit Revenue Profit P/L as on date of Acquisition 18,000 -Add: Interest due on Bal. 100 18,100 - Reserve on date of Acquisition Capital 52,000 -General 5,000 57,000 - 75,100 -Less: Bonus Issue 50,000 Loss Revaluation of Assets 5,000 -55,000 -
On taking credit for interest receivable of Rs. 100 by K Ltd. In respect of loan due by K Ltd., the profit and loss account balance of K Ltd. will increase to Rs. 18,000 and loan to H Ltd. will also increase to Rs. 2,100. On consolidation, inter-corporate loan of Rs 2,100 is set off and hence has not been shown in the consolidated balance sheet.