EVS: Campus Design Project Gaura v Garg Pranav Kumar A Pa van Kishore T anma y Balw a Nishant Jos hi
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EVS: Campus Design ProjectGaurav Garg
Pranav Kumar
A Pavan Kishore
Tanmay BalwaNishant Joshi
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Energy audit of the present campus
Estimation of energy consumption for permanent campus
Ways to produce energy on campus
Ways to reduce consumption of energy
Waste management
Flow of the presentation
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Energy Audit of present Campus
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Assessment of number of tube-lights, fans, ACs and all the
electronic equipments in the campus was carried out and we
show the results in the next slide.
Methodology:
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7%
64%
11%
15%
3%Classrooms
Tube lights
Fans and ACs
Computing
equipment
OHP and TV
25%
24%31%
5%
15%
Hostels
light equipment
AC & fan
computing equipment
elecronic equipment
other
21%
4%
5%
70%
Corridors
light equipment
AC & fan
elecronic equipment
other
4%
60%
30%
6%
0%Administrative Offices
Lighting Equipment
Fans And ACs
Computing
Equipment
Office Equipment
Other
30%
41%
10%
19%
0%
Labs
Chemical Lab
Electrical Lab
Chemistry Lab
Work Shop
Physics Lab.
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9%
41%
24%
3%
14%
9%
Overall Wattage
lighting equipment
A.C./fans
Computing equipments
Electronic equipments
Lab equipments
Others
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Estimation of energy consumption of
permanent campus
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• A total strength of 9000 people on campus has been assumed
• Area of the campus assumed to be 450 acres
• Food consumption and wastage has been assumed to increaselinearly with the number of people
• Assuming 5000 residents take bath everyday (Prettyreasonable, isn’t it? ;-) )
• We have appropriately scaled down the data taken from IIT KGPkeeping the campus area in mind
Assumptions
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Source: IIT KGP
Assumed Wattage breakup
2.50%
25.65%
4.48%
9.37%
26%
35%
Overall WattagePumps
Illumination
Air circulation
Computers
HVAC
Lab appratus and machines
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•
Approximate Gross Annual Energy Consumption: 98,000 GJ
• Approximate per capita consumption of electricity: 2402kWh/year
• Gross Annual Carbon footprint in equivalent tons of CO2 :18,000 tons
(IIT KGP stats)
Approximated energy required in a campus
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• Biogas
• Kitchen Waste
• Human Waste
•
Solar PV• Solar Water heating
Energy generation on campus
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• Calculation done for the present mess:• Kitchen waste : 40 kg/day
• Number of persons : 450-500/day
• Biogas produced @ 0.6m3/kg of kitchen waste
• LPG used : 38 kg/day (2 commercial cylinders @ Rs.1200 per cylinder)
• Efficiency of plant is 70% and 75% of waste is utilized with 60%methane content
• Calorific value of LPG: 41.7 MJ/kg
• Calorific value of biogas: 21 MJ/m3
(From Kitchen waste)
Biogas
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•
Energy produced is 560 MJ from the kitchen waste and that isequivalent to 10.75 kg of LPG.
• Amount saved per day: Rs. 678/-
• Cost of installation of plant: Rs. 20000/- (including operational and maintenance costs)
• Assuming 250 working days, money saved in an year over LPG isRs. 169500/-
Outcome
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•
Assuming 150g of kitchen waste per person.• Total waste generated is 1012 kg/day(@75% utilization of waste)
• Energy produced through biogas: 10416 MJ/day
• Total LPG saved: 250 kg equivalent to 13 cylinders
•
Savings: Rs. 15,775/day => Rs. 39,43,750/year
• Cost of 1 ton plant: Rs.5,00,000/-
• Operational and maintenance cost: Rs. 10,000/- per month
Extrapolating to permanent campus…
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One ton Bio-Gas plant
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• 2.5 lbs of waste per day of which 2 lbs is urine.
• 0.5 lb => 200g of feces per day.
• Assuming 75% utilization, and biogas production value
0.028m3 per kg, 907.2 MJ of energy can be generated.
• This is equivalent to 21.75 kg of LPG energy.
• Savings per day: Rs. 1200/-
• Yearly saving: Rs. 4,38,000/-
• Plant setup: Rs. 10,00,000/-
• Maintenance cost: Rs. 12,000/-
•
Pay back time: 2 to 3 years
(From Human waste)
Biogas
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Type Power (W) No. of lights
C o m
m o n s t r e e t
Filament lamp 100 20
CFL 40 100
sodium/ mercury vapor
lamp200 500
Metal Halide Lamp 500 3
P l a y g r o u n d s
Football 800 24
Hockey 800 16
Basketball 800 24
Volleyball 800 24
Badminton 250 16
(For street lights) assumptions considering 450 acre land and IIT B stats
Solar PV
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• Operation hour for street light = 8 hours
•
Operation hour for playgrounds light = 4hours
• Energy requirement daily = 1100 kWh
• Cost of electricity = 1100*5*350 = Rs.1925000/year
Analysis
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• Average Daily Solar Radiation (kWh/m2‐day): 5.56 (Latitude)
•
Average Daily Solar Radiation (kWh/m2
‐day): 5.22 (Horizontal)• C‐Si based PV module has efficiency = 13.6%
• Electricity generated (kWh/m2-day) = 13.6%*5.39 = 0.733
• The area of the PV module required =1100/0.733 = 1500 m2
•
Cost of C‐Si based PV modules was between 90 to 110 Rs/Wp in Sep. 2010• Cost of C‐Si based PV modules = 14000 Rs/m2
• Total investment = 1500*14000 = Rs. 2.1 Crore
• Payback time = 15 years
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•
20 lit of hot water for a day.• Hot water demand for 100 days
• People using hot water daily is 5000
•
Hot water requirement= 5000*20 = 100000 lit• Typically capacity of a solar water heater of 2 m2is 100 lit/day
• Solar water heater required = 100000/100 = 1000
• Cost of installation of one solar water heater = 15000 Rs.
•
Total cost of installation = 1000*15000 = Rs. 1.5 Crore
(Water heating) assumptions
Solar Heater
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•
Approximately 2 kW geysers of 25 lit capacities are required for15 people.
• Number of geyser required = 5000/15 = 334 (approx.)
• And daily use of geyser is around 8 hr. /day
• Cost of operation of a year = 2*8*334*100= 534400 kWh
• Total expense with geysers = 534400 x 5 Rs/kWh = 2672000 Rs.
• Payback time = 8years
Geyser cost analysis
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• Passive Solar cooling
• Gloss painting and gloss flooring
• Insulating walls and ceilings of rooms
• Power Factor improvement
•
Thin client computing• Effective management of resources
Techniques
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Construction of buildings in such a way so as to improve theventilation and flow of air through the building will enhance theefficiency of energy consumption.
Cross Ventilation Insulators
Passive Solar Cooling
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Roof Vents
Earth Tubes
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Winter day open to reflect sun inside (Left)
Winter night, half way closed
(Right)
Summer night half open to
reflect sun inside (Left)
Summer day (Right)
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• Light entering into room gets reflected of gloss paints and floorsare used which reflect about 60% of light entering into theroom.
• Assuming, the given classroom size of our present campus andthe lightning requirements, 64.648 kWh is consumed per day.
Given 60% reflection in light after glossy paints, 43.314 kWh isonly consumed which saves Rs. 106 per day.
• Paint costs Rs. 1000 more than normal paint for painting theclassroom.
• Hence,
Gloss painting and Gloss flooring
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• Around 55% of most of the electricity bills are due to the
heating and cooling of the rooms.• Insulating the walls will save up to Rs. 462/- per m2 per year
Insulating walls and ceilings of rooms
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• Automatic Power Factor Correction
• 0.95 to 0.99 Reduction in Maximum Demand -107 kVA/month
• Annual Saving -Rs.3.85 lakhs
• Cost of the APFC unit – Rs. 2.5 lakhs (with 150 kVAr Capacitor units)
• Simple Payback Period -8 months
• Use of electronic chokes instead of electronic ballast will reducethe energy consumption
APFC plant
Power factor improvement
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• Having a single switch inside the room which will switch off the
power supply to the room.• Placing infrared sensors in the corridors with a separation of 5m
between each strip of sensors which will activate the lights within 5m if anyone crosses the strip and automatic switch off afterfew minutes will reduce the usage of corridor lights when notnecessary.
• Insulating the geysers with insulating materials will improve theefficiency of heating.
• Having small light inlets on the ceiling fitted with glasses coated
with vanadium oxides will allow only lightning into the roomand stop heat from flowing.
Effective management of resources
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• Power supply to the geysers has to be cut off after a specifictime after starting if the water in the geyser are not used up.This can be achieved by keeping a check on the water flow intothe geysers and a clock.
• Use CFLs wherever possible instead of high wattage bulbs tosave power consumption giving better lightning
• Buy equipment which are high on energy savings. May be
expensive but payback time will be quick• Clean the filters in ACs and water coolers as the machinery takes
extra energy to purify air/water that comes from these uncleanfilters.
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Environmental benefits of Thin Computing
Why it matters?
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What are thin clients?
•
Thin clients are small, silent devices which communicate with acentral server to deliver a computing experience to the user
that is largely identical to that of a PC.
• They have no hard drives, no moving parts, minimum
processing power and a relatively small amount of RAM.
• The average power consumption of 244 Watts per central
server is based on the 2005 world data for volume servers
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Comparison with Desktop PCs
PM - Power Management
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Comparison with Desktop PCs
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•Soil Bio Technology
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• Purification of Drinking Water
• Sewage Purification• Multi Level Sewage Treatment
• Rain water harvesting
• Storm water Purification
• Swimming Pool Water treatment• Air Purification
• Hospital waste Treatment & Disposal
• Municipal solid waste Treatment & Disposal
Various SBT Techniques
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