Final Assigned Cases for Criminal Law.docx

8/9/2019 Final Assigned Cases for Criminal Law.docx

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p'anter an% maintaine% a "ari"ari "tore. So;" *at)er ('aime% t)at )i" "on $a"earnin&


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TO THE HEIRS OF THE VI&TI( RE4NAR) SO

1


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"ross annua#income3

Thus#$, since the ictim Re$nard So 0as earnin"


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1. t)e ru'in& o* t)e +ourt o* Appea'" i" untenab'e an% (ontrary to 'a$ be(au"e t)ee!i%en(e o* t)e pro"e(ution i" in(ompatib'e $it) t)e p)y"i(a' e!i%en(e on re(or%

7. t)e a$ar% o* %ama&e" in t)e @tota' amount o* more t)an intere"t, in proper (a"e".

"IVIL IN!E$NIT% ex delicto

4ot) t)e tria' (ourt an% t)e +ourt o* Appea'" *ai'e% to a$ar% (i!i' in%emnity ex delicto to t)e )eir" o* t)e !i(tim". T)e a$ar% *or (i!i' in%emnity i" man%atory an% i"

&rante% to t)e )eir" o* t)e !i(tim $it)out nee% o* proo* ot)er t)an t)e (ommi""ion o* t)e(rime./170 Hen(e, ba"e% on re(ent Curi"pru%en(e/10, t)e a$ar% o* (i!i' in%emnity ex delicto o*


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In t)i" (a"e, neit)er o* t)e t$o e(eption" app'ie%. T)e earnin&" o* So an% +a"tro$ere bot) abo!e t)e minimum $a&e "et by 'abor 'a$" in t)eir re"pe(ti!e $orp'a(e" att)e time o* t)eir %eat)./1>0 T)i" bein& t)e (a"e, t)e &enera' ru'e o* reEuirin& %o(umentarye!i%en(e o* t)eir earnin& (apa(itie" *in%" app'i(ation. 6n*ortunate'y *or t)eir )eir", no"u() proo* $a" pre"ente% at a''. It $a" t)ere*ore erroneou" *or bot) t)e tria' (ourt an%

t)e +ourt o* Appea'" to a$ar% (ompen"atory %ama&e" *or 'o"" o* earnin& (apa(ity ont)e ba"i" a'one o* t)e ora' te"timonie" o* So;" *at)er an% +a"tro;" mot)er.

T)e 'a( o* %o(umentary e!i%en(e not$it)"tan%in&, "in(e 'o"" $a" a(tua''ye"tab'i")e% in t)i" (a"e, temperate %ama&e" in t)e amount o*


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ATTORNE%'S FEES

-e a**irm t)e a$ar% o* 0

/@,@@@ M mora# dama"es 8/,@@@ M e6emp#ar$ dama"es -@,@@@ M attorne$Ks fees 8/-,@@@ M TOTAL

T)e )eir" o* Ni'o +a"tro are a'"o entit'e% to t)e *o''o$in&:

/@,@@@ M cii# indemnit$ ex delicto /@,@@@ M temperate dama"es/7=0

/@,@@@ M mora# dama"es 8/,@@@ M e6emp#ar$ dama"es

-@,@@@ M attorne$Ks fees 8@/,@@@ M TOTAL

SU(SI!IAR% LIA(ILIT%

-e a%opt t)e pronoun(ement o* t)e +ourt o* Appea'" re&ar%in& t)e "ub"i%iary'iabi'ity o* petitioner;" emp'oyer, Va''a(ar Tran"it In(., un%er Arti('e 1 o* t)e Re!i"e%


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Fa"t'y, $e are a'"o (on"traine% to amen% t)e pena'ty impo"e% by t)e +ourt o* Appea'". T)e impo"ab'e pena'ty, un%er Arti('e >5 @7 o* t)e Re!i"e% 5 @7 o* t)e Re!i"e%


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/110 =, 1= Mar() 7, 75 S+RA >5.

/10 'd .

/10 ?.R. No. 1599, 1= 2une 7, S+RA 1= see a'"o


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S+OND DIVISION

[G.R. No. 155*+1. $-/ 16, 2005]

$EL(A UINTO, petitioner, vs. !ANTE AN!RES n RAN!%VERPA"E"O, respondents.

! E " I S I O N

"ALLEJO, SR., J.#

At aroun% =: a.m. on No!ember 1, 1995, e'e!enyearo'% %i"on ?ar(ia, a?ra%e e'ementary "()oo' pupi', an% )i" p'aymate, -i'"on Luinto, $)o $a" a'"o aboute'e!en year" o'%, $ere at 4aran&ay San Ra*ae', Tar'a(, Tar'a(. T)ey "a$ re"pon%ent"Dante An%re" an% Ran%y!er


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OST(ORTE( FIN)IN*S

+od$ in preious#$ em%a#med, ear#$ sta"e of decomposition, attired 0ith 0hite #on"s#eees and darJ pants and p#aced inside a 0ooden coffin in a niche?apartment st$#e:

Hematoma, 5:@ 6 G:@ cms:, sca#p, occipita# re"ion:A%rasion, :@ 6 -:@ cms:, ri"ht face, /:@ 6 -:@ cms:, #eft forearm:Lar$n"o trachea# #umina con"ested and edematous containin" mudd$ partic#es 0ith %#ood$ path:Lun"s h$perinf#ated, hea$ and readi#$ pits on pressure section contains %#ood$ froth:+rain auto#$ed and #i;uefied:Stomach part#$ auto#$ed:

&AUSE OF )EATH7 Asph$6ia %$ dro0nin" traumatic head inuries, contri%utor$:/90

T)e N4I *i'e% a (rimina' (omp'aint *or )omi(i%e a&ain"t re"pon%ent" An%re" an%


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Dr. A&u%a a'"o %e('are% t)at t)e 1=(entimeter )ematoma at t)e ba( o* -i'"on;")ea% (ou'% )a!e ren%ere% t)e 'atter un(on"(iou", an%, i* )e $a" t)ro$n in a bo%y o* $ater, t)e boy (ou'% )a!e %ie% by %ro$nin&.

In an"$er to ('ari*i(atory Eue"tion" ma%e by t)e (ourt, t)e %o(tor %e('are% t)at t)e(entimeter abra"ion on t)e ri&)t "i%e o* -i'"on;" *a(e (ou'% )a!e a'"o been (au"e%

by rubbin& a&ain"t a (on(rete $a'' or pa!ement, or by (onta(t $it) a rou&) "ur*a(e. Hea'"o "tate% t)at t)e tra()ea re&ion $a" *u'' o* mu%, but t)at t)ere $a" no "i&n o* "tran&u'ation./170

A*ter t)e pro"e(ution )a% pre"ente% it" $itne""e" an% t)e re"pon%ent" )a%a%mitte% t)e pi(ture" ")o$in& t)e %raina&e "y"tem in('u%in& t)e in"i%e portion" t)ereo*,/10 t)e pro"e(ution re"te% it" (a"e.

T)e re"pon%ent" *i'e% a %emurer to e!i%en(e $)i() t)e tria' (ourt &rante% on t)e&roun% o* in"u**i(ien(y o* e!i%en(e, per it" Or%er %ate% 2anuary 78, 1998. It a'"o )e'%t)at it (ou'% not )o'% t)e re"pon%ent" 'iab'e *or %ama&e" be(au"e o* t)e ab"en(e o* prepon%erant e!i%en(e to pro!e t)eir 'iabi'ity *or -i'"on;" %eat).

T)e petitioner appea'e% t)e or%er to t)e +ourt o* Appea'" @+A in"o*ar a" t)e (i!i'a"pe(t o* t)e (a"e $a" (on(erne%. In )er brie*, ")e a!erre% t)at B

THE TRIAL &OURT ERRE) IN )IS(ISSIN* THE &ASE AN) IN RULIN*THAT NO REON)ERANT EVI)EN&E E1ISTS TO HOL) A&&USE)?AELLEES &IVILL4 LIA+LE FOR THE )EATH OF THE VI&TI( WILSONQUINTO:/10

T)e +A ren%ere% Cu%&ment a**irmin& t)e a""ai'e% or%er o* t)e RT+ on De(ember 71, 71. It ru'e% a" *o''o$":

The ac;uitta# in this case is not mere#$ %ased on reasona%#e dou%t %ut rather on afindin" that the accused?appe##ees did not commit the crimina# acts comp#ained of:Thus, pursuant to the a%oe ru#e and sett#ed urisprudence, an$ cii# action exdelicto cannot prosper: Ac;uitta# in a crimina# action %ars the cii# action arisin"therefrom 0here the ud"ment of ac;uitta# ho#ds that the accused did not commit thecrimina# acts imputed to them: 2Tan v. Standard Vacuum Oil Co., 91 Phil. 673/150

T)e petitioner *i'e% t)e in"tant petition *or re!ie$ an% rai"e% t)e *o''o$in& i""ue":

I

WHETHER OR NOT THE E1TIN&TION OF RESON)ENTSK &RI(INALLIA+ILIT4, LI'EWISE, &ARRIES WITH IT THE E1TIN&TION OF THEIR&IVIL LIA+ILIT4:

II

http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2005/mar2005/155791.htm#_ftn12http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2005/mar2005/155791.htm#_ftn13http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2005/mar2005/155791.htm#_ftn14http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2005/mar2005/155791.htm#_ftn15http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2005/mar2005/155791.htm#_ftn12http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2005/mar2005/155791.htm#_ftn13http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2005/mar2005/155791.htm#_ftn14http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2005/mar2005/155791.htm#_ftn15


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(au"e o* a(tion o* t)e pri!ate (omp'ainant a&ain"t t)e a((u"e% *or %ama&e" an%or re"titution.

T)e etin(tion o* t)e pena' a(tion %oe" not (arry $it) it t)e etin(tion o* t)e (i!i'a(tion. Ho$e!er, t)e (i!i' a(tion ba"e% on %e'i(t ")a'' be %eeme% etin&ui")e% i* t)erei" a *in%in& in a *ina' Cu%&ment in t)e (i!i' a(tion t)at t)e a(t or omi""ion *rom $)ere t)e

(i!i' 'iabi'ity may ari"e %oe" not ei"t./70

Moreo!er, a per"on (ommittin& a *e'ony i" (rimina''y 'iab'e *or a'' t)e natura' an%'o&i(a' (on"eEuen(e" re"u'tin& t)ere*rom a't)ou&) t)e $ron&*u' a(t %one be %i**erent*rom t)at $)i() )e inten%e%./70 Natura' re*er" to an o((urren(e in t)e or%inary (our"eo* )uman 'i*e or e!ent", $)i'e 'o&i(a' mean" t)at t)ere i" a rationa' (onne(tionbet$een t)e a(t o* t)e a((u"e% an% t)e re"u'tin& inCury or %ama&e. T)e *e'ony(ommitte% mu"t be t)e proimate (au"e o* t)e re"u'tin& inCury.


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0ide door %$ 0hich persons "ui#t$ of the hi"hest crime mi"ht escape coniction and punishment: /0

In People v. *uianzon,/10 t)e Supreme +ourt )e'%:

The Supreme &ourt of Spain, in a )ecision of Apri# -, 5


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A e", our Honor, (on"i%erin& t)at t)e *in%in& on t)e 'un& a'"o $ou'% in%i(ate t)att)e !i(tim $a" "ti'' a'i!e $)en )e $a" p'a(e% un%er $ater./=0

T)e %o(tor a'"o a%mitte% t)at t)e abra"ion on t)e ri&)t "i%e o* t)e !i(tim;" *a(e(ou'% )a!e been (au"e% by rubbin& a&ain"t a (on(rete $a'' or pa!ement:

L T)e abra"ion (entimeter" on t)e ri&)t /"i%e o* t)e0 *a(e, $ou'% it be (au"e% byt)e *a(e rubbin& a&ain"t a (on(rete $a'' or pa!ement

A e", Sir. Abra"ion i" u"ua''y (au"e% by a (onta(t o* a "in to a rou&) "ur*a(e.

L Rou&) "ur*a(e A e", our Honor.

L -)en you "ay t)at t)e tra()ea re&ion $a" *u'' o* mu%, $ere t)ere no "i&n" t)at t)e!i(tim $a" "tran&'e%

A T)ere $a" no "i&n o* "tran&u'ation, our Honor./80

T)e tria' (ourt &a!e (re%en(e to t)e te"timony o* Dr. A&u%a t)at t)e %e(ea"e% mi&)t)a!e "'ippe%, (au"in& t)e 'atter to *a'' )ar% an% )it )i" )ea% on t)e pa!ement, t)u":

L +ou'% it be po""ib'e, Do(tor, t)at t)i" inCury mi&)t )a!e been (au"e% $)en t)e!i(tim *e'' %o$n an% t)at portion o* t)e bo%y or o((ipita' portion )it a b'unt obCe(tan% mi&)t )a!e been in*'i(te% a" a re"u't o* *a''in& %o$n

A I* t)e *a'' P i* t)e !i(tim *e'' an% )e )it a )ar% obCe(t, $e'', it i" a'"o po""ib'e./90

T)e tria' (ourt too into a((ount t)e *o''o$in& *a(t":

A"ain, it cou#d %e seen from the pictures presented %$ the prosecution that there 0erestones inside the cu#ert: 2See E6hi%it =) to =)?-3: The stones cou#d hae causedthe ictim to s#ip and hit his head on the paement: Since there 0as 0ater on thecu#ert, the portion soaJed 0ith 0ater must %e er$ s#ipper$, aside from the fact that

the cu#ert is round: If the ictim hit his head and #ost consciousness, he 0i## natura##$taJe in some amount of 0ater and dro0n:/0

T)e +A a**irme% on appea' t)e *in%in&" o* t)e tria' (ourt, a" $e'' a" it" (on('u"ionba"e% on t)e "ai% *in%in&".

-e a&ree $it) t)e tria' an% appe''ate (ourt". T)e &enera' ru'e i" t)at t)e *in%in&" o* *a(t" o* t)e tria' (ourt, it" a""e""ment o* probati!e $ei&)t o* t)e e!i%en(e o* t)e partie",an% it" (on('u"ion an()ore% on "u() *in%in&", a**irme% no 'e"" by t)e +A, are &i!en(on('u"i!e e**e(t by t)i" +ourt, un'e"" t)e tria' (ourt i&nore%, mi"app'ie% or mi"(on"true% (o&ent *a(t" an% (ir(um"tan(e" $)i(), i* (on"i%ere%, $ou'% ()an&e t)eout(ome o* t)e (a"e. T)e petitioner *ai'e% to ")o$ any Cu"ti*i(ation to $arrant a re!er"a'

o* t)e *in%in&" or (on('u"ion" o* t)e tria' an% appe''ate (ourt".

T)at t)e %e(ea"e% *e'' or "'ippe% (annot be tota''y *ore('o"e% be(au"e e!en ?ar(iate"ti*ie% t)at t)e %raina&e (u'!ert $a" %ar, an% t)at )e )im"e'* $a" "o a*rai% t)at )ere*u"e% to Coin re"pon%ent" An%re" an%


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abra"ion" on t)e *a(e an% 'e*t *orearm o* t)e !i(tim $ere ma%e ante mortem or post mortem.

T)e petitioner e!en *ai'e% to a%%u(e prepon%eran(e o* e!i%en(e t)at eit)er or bot)t)e re"pon%ent" )it t)e %e(ea"e% $it) a b'unt obCe(t or in"trument, an%, (on"eEuent'y,any b'unt obCe(t or in"trument t)at mi&)t )a!e been u"e% by any or bot) o* t)e

re"pon%ent" in )ittin& t)e %e(ea"e%.

It i" o* Cu%i(ia' noti(e t)at no$a%ay" per"on" )a!e i''e% or (ommitte% "eriou"(rime" *or no rea"on at a''. /70 Ho$e!er, t)e ab"en(e o* any i''moti!e to i'' t)e %e(ea"e%i" re'e!ant an% a%mi""ib'e in e!i%en(e to pro!e t)at no !io'en(e $a" perpetrate% on t)eper"on o* t)e %e(ea"e%. In t)i" (a"e, t)e petitioner *ai'e% to a%%u(e proo* o* any i''moti!e on t)e part o* eit)er re"pon%ent to i'' t)e %e(ea"e% be*ore or a*ter t)e 'atter $a"in!ite% to Coin t)em in *i")in&. In%ee%, t)e petitioner te"ti*ie% t)at re"pon%ent An%re"u"e% to &o to t)eir )ou"e an% p'ay $it) )er "on be*ore t)e 'atter;" %eat):

L Do you no$ t)i" Dante An%re" per"ona''y A Not mu() but )e u"e% to &o to our )ou"e an% p'ay $it) my "on a*ter &oin& *rom

)er mot)er $)o i" &amb'in&, Sir.L 4ut you are a(Euainte% $it) )im, you no$ )i" *a(e

A e", Sir.

L -i'' you p'ea"e 'oo aroun% t)i" (ourtroom an% "ee i* )e i" aroun% A @-itne"" i" pointin& to Dante An%re", $)o i" in"i%e t)e (ourtroom./0

-)en t)e petitioner;" "on %ie% in"i%e t)e %raina&e (u'!ert, it $a" re"pon%ent An%re" $)o brou&)t out t)e %e(ea"e%. He t)en in*orme% t)e petitioner o* )er "on;"%eat). !en a*ter in*ormin& t)e petitioner o* t)e %eat) o* )er "on, re"pon%ent An%re"*o''o$e% t)e petitioner on )er $ay to t)e &ra""y area $)ere t)e %e(ea"e% $a":

L Di% not Dante An%re" *o''o$ you A He $ent $it) me, Sir.

L So $)en you $ent to t)e p'a(e $)ere your "on $a" 'yin&, Dante An%re" $a" $it)you

A No, Sir. -)en I $a" in*orme% by Dante An%re" t)at my "on $a" t)ere at t)e(u'!ert, I ran imme%iate'y. He /$a"0 Cu"t 'e*t be)in% an% )e Cu"t *o''o$e%, Sir.

L So $)en you rea()e% t)e p'a(e $)ere your "on $a" 'yin& %o$n, Dante An%re"a'"o (ame or arri!e%

A It $a" on'y $)en $e boar%e% t)e Ceep t)at )e arri!e%, Sir ./0

In "um, t)e petitioner *ai'e% to a%%u(e prepon%eran(e o* e!i%en(e to pro!e a (au"eo* a(tion *or %ama&e" ba"e% on t)e %e'iberate a(t" a''e&e% in t)e In*ormation.

IN LIGT OF ALL TE FOREGOING, t)e petition i" DNID *or 'a( o* merit. No(o"t".

SO OR!ERE!.

Puno, (Chairman, Austria"Martinez, inga, an% Chico"azario, $$., (on(ur .

http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2005/mar2005/155791.htm#_ftn42http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2005/mar2005/155791.htm#_ftn43http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2005/mar2005/155791.htm#_ftn44http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2005/mar2005/155791.htm#_ftn44http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2005/mar2005/155791.htm#_ftn42http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2005/mar2005/155791.htm#_ftn43http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2005/mar2005/155791.htm#_ftn44


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/10 TSN, 7 May 199=, p. 7.

/70 TSN, 1 2anuary 199=, pp. >=.

/0 Re(or%", pp. ==. @)ibit" D to D

/0 'd . at 8./50 'd .

/>0 'd .

/=0 TSN, > 2une 199=, p. 18.

/80 Re(or%", p. 8. @)ibit A

/90 'd . at >=.

/10 'd . at 1.

/110 TSN, 1= September 199=, pp. 5=.

/170

'd . at 171./10 Re(or%", pp. ==. @)ibit" D to D

/10 +A %ollo, p. =5.

/150 %ollo, p. 59.

/1>0 'd . at 15.

/1=0 Arti('e 1, Re!i"e% 0 +ue''o +o'on, +o%i&o @19>7.

/790 People v. Moldes, >1 7 81>9.

/0 9> S+RA 8> @7.

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/0 'd . at 99.

/50 3ran(i"(o, Re!i"e% Ru'e" o* +ourt o* t)e 2une 199=, p. 8.

/0 'd . at 18.

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+er%a sustained ph$sica# inuries for a period of #ess than nine 2D3 da$s andincapacitated him from performin" his customar$ #a%or for the same period of timeand a#so his passen"ers name#$7 (ar$ +er%a $ (atti and Ame#ia +er%a $ (endoasustained ph$sica# inuries for a period of #ess than nine 2D3 da$s and incapacitatedthem from performin" their customar$ #a%or for the same period of time, thereafter,a%andoned said offended parties 0ithout aidin" them, to the dama"e and preudice ofthe said offended parties in such amount as ma$ %e a0arded to them under the proisions of the &ii# &ode:

&ONTRAR4 TO LAW:/50

A--8n9en: n Pe

-)en arrai&ne% on 7> 2une 199, O'impio, $it) t)e a""i"tan(e o* (oun"e', entere%a p'ea o* not &ui'ty./>0

T/e T-

T)e pro"e(ution pre"ente% *i!e $itne""e": @1 +ar'o" R. 4erba @7 Mary M. 4erba@ Ame'ia 4erba @ %$ar% +ampo" an% @5 nri(o 4. "tupi&an.

On t)e ot)er )an%, t)e %e*en"e pre"ente% t)ree $itne""e": @1 O'impio )im"e'* @7Mi'a&ro" ?arbo an% @ Nenita Ama%o.

T)e *a(t", a" "ummarie% by t)e tria' (ourt, are a" *o''o$":

The eidence of the prosecution sho0s that on u#$ 5@, 5D


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an"onorom: Their car 0as a tota# 0recJ as sho0n in its photo"raphs 2E6hs: + and&3:

&ar#os +er%a noticed this %us fo##o0in" them c#ose#$ at Nepa Q?(art up to the pointof co##ision: His car 0as runnin" a#on" the second #ane of E)SA from the is#and:

The ((T& %us drien %$ the accused 0as runnin" er$ fast, Jept on s0itchin" #aneunti# it fina##$ occupied the second #ane and %umped his car: &ar#os +er%a sustainedcuts on his shou#der and %acJ %ecause of %roJen "#asses and 0as treated at EastAenue (edica# &enter: He incurred5,@@@:@@ for medication 2E6hs: * to *?-3:(ar$ +er%a sustained contusion, hematoma and a%rasion 2E6h: H3: Ame#ia +er%asustained a%rasion on his ri"ht e#%o0 2E6h: '3: +oth 0ere a#so treated at East Aenue(edica# &enter:

Ed0ard &ampos and Enrico +anti;ue Estupi"an, passen"ers of ((T& +us drien %$the accused e6p#ained that their %us 0as runnin" at G@?


24/164

at the scene 0ith a 0recJer: The passen"ers of the Isuu car 0ere %rou"ht to thehospita#:

The trainin" officer of ((T&, (i#a"ros *ar%o, testified on the procedure of thecompan$ in hirin" an app#icant drier and the re;uirements to %e su%mitted %$ the

app#icant: An app#icant for a drier of ((T& as 0hat had %een done to the accused %efore he 0as admitted as compan$ drier of ((T& must pass an interie0,seminars, 0ritten e6amination, actua# driin" test, ps$cho?ph$sica# test, road test, #inefami#iariation test, defensie driin" seminar, drierKs fami#iariation seminar, andtraffic ru#es and enironment seminar: )ocuments the$ re;uired to %e su%mitted %$an app#icant drier 0ere N+I earance, Residence &ertificate, rofessiona# )rierKsLicense, and Officia# Receipts of pa$ment of re;uired fees for drierKs #icense 2E6hs:5 to 5/3:

The interna# contro# re#atie to the superision of their driers 0as e6p#ained %$

0itness Nenita Amado, a transport superisor of ((T&: She superises and "iesinstructions and recommendations on %us ru#es and re"u#ations to their driers: The$hae ten 25@3 comptro##ers, thirt$?si6 2-.3 dispatchers, seen 2G3 fie#d superisors,si6t$ 2.@3 inspectors and four 23 serice 0recJers 0ho he#ped in the superision ofthe driers and conductors of ((T&: The$ hae centra#ied radio that monitor theactiities of their driers durin" their trae#: Her instructions to the driers 0ere toaoid accident, o%e$ traffic ru#es and re"u#ations and to %e courteous to passen"ers: /=0

On 5 3ebruary 199, t)e tria' (ourt ren%ere% it" De(i"ion $it) t)e *o''o$in&%i"po"iti!e portion:

RE(ISES &ONSI)ERE), the &ourt finds accused O#impio an"onorom "ui#t$ %e$ond reasona%#e dou%t of the crime of recJ#ess imprudence resu#tin" in mu#tip#es#i"ht ph$sica# inuries and sentences him to suffer an imprisonment of thirt$ 2-@3da$s of arresto menor , to indemnif$ the offended parties of the dama"es incurred %$their Isuu *emini car in the sum of 8,.@@:@@ and to reim%urse the medica#e6penses of &ar#os R: +er%a in the sum of5


25/164

T)e +ourt o* Appea'" ru'e% t)at t)e *in%in& t)at O'impio %ro!e t)e pa""en&er bu" ina ne&'i&ent manner, (on"i%erin& t)e (ir(um"tan(e" o* $eat)er an% roa% (on%ition, i" a*in%in& o* *a(t o* t)e tria' (ourt t)at i" entit'e% to re"pe(t. T)e +ourt o* Appea'" "tate%t)at it i" a "ett'e% ru'e t)at *a(tua' *in%in&" o* tria' (ourt" are a((or%e% &reat re"pe(tun'e"" it (an be ")o$n t)at t)ey o!er'ooe% "ome (ir(um"tan(e" o* "ub"tan(e $)i(), i*

(on"i%ere%, $i'' probab'y a'ter t)e re"u't. T)e +ourt o* Appea'" )e'% t)at no "u()(ir(um"tan(e $a" o!er'ooe% in t)i" (a"e.

T)e +ourt o* Appea'" ru'e% t)at e!en i* it $ere true, a" O'impio ('aime%, t)at t)e (ar +ar'o" 4erba @+ar'o" $a" t)en %ri!in& o((upie% O'impio;" 'ane $)i'e t)e (ar $a" 7meter" a$ay, it i" a "a*e %i"tan(e *or a !e)i('e to "$it() 'ane". T)e +ourt o* Appea'")e'% t)at i* on'y O'impio %i% not %ri!e !ery *a"t an% (on"i%ere% t)at t)e "treet $a"%o$n&ra%e an% "'ippery, )e (ou'% )a!e ea"i'y a!oi%e% t)e a((i%ent by app'yin& )i"brae".

T)e +ourt o* Appea'" a'"o ru'e% t)at t)e te"timonie" o* %$ar% +ampo" @%$ar%an% nri(o 4anti&ue, $)o $ere pa""en&er" o* t)e MMT+ bu", are $ort)y o* (re%en(e.

T)e +ourt o* Appea'" "tate% t)at t)ey are neutra' $itne""e" $)o )a% no moti!e to te"ti*ya&ain"t O'impio. T)ey te"ti*ie% t)at: @1 t)e MMT+ bu" $a" runnin& at =8 i'ometer"per )our @7 t)e bu" "$er!e% to t)e ri&)t to a!oi% )ittin& a !an "tran%e% at t)e 'e*t "i%eo* t)e i"'an% an% @ in t)e pro(e"", t)e bu" )it an% bumpe% t)e ?emini (ar a)ea% o* it.%$ar% *urt)er te"ti*ie% t)at O'impio ear'ier o!ertoo anot)er bu". %$ar% "tate% t)at it$a" *or t)i" rea"on t)at t)e MMT+ bu" $ent into t)e 'ane $)ere t)e "ta''e% !an $a"'o(ate%. T)e +ourt o* Appea'" )e'% t)at t)e MMT+ bu" $a" t)e one "$it()in& 'ane".

T)e %i"po"iti!e portion o* t)e %e(i"ion o* t)e +ourt o* Appea'" rea%":

WHEREFORE, the ud"ment herein appea#ed from is here%$ AFFIR(E) in toto:

SO OR)ERE):/10

On 78 De(ember 1999, petitioner" *i'e% $it) t)e +ourt o* Appea'" a motion *or re(on"i%eration o* t)e a""ai'e% %e(i"ion.


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T/e I77ue7

5 o* t)e Re!i"e%


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t)e "ubCe(t in(i%ent too p'a(e, /180 O'impio ")ou'% )a!e been more (autiou" an% pru%entin %ri!in& )i" pa""en&er bu".

4a"e% on O'impio;" te"timonia' a%mi""ion, )e $a" %ri!in& at = i'ometer" per )our. He te"ti*ie% )e $a" *ami'iar $it) t)e roa%./190T)ere*ore, )e ou&)t to )a!e no$nt)e %o$n)i'' "'ope (omin& *rom t)e NepaL Mart. /70 A" t)e bu" $a" mo!in& %o$n)i'',

O'impio ")ou'% )a!e "'o$e% %o$n "in(e a %o$n)i'' %ri!e $ou'% natura''y (au"e )i"!e)i('e to a((e'erate. Ho$e!er, in"tea% o* "'o$in& %o$n, O'impio a%mitte% )e $a"runnin& !ery *a"t. T)u", O'impio te"ti*ie%:

Att$: ANTONIO7

Q It 0as ni"httime (r: Witness, 0i## $ou te## us 0hether $ou 0ere a%#e tosee this ehic#e $ou 0ere fo##o0in"

A 4es, sir:

Q Wi## $ou te## us ho0 did $ou notice this ehic#e

A +ecause I sa0 its tai# #i"ht, sir:

Q +efore this ehic#e $ou 0ere fo##o0in" reached the p#ace 0here thissta##ed ehic#e 0as, do $ou Jno0 0here 0as this ehic#e proceeded

FIS&AL7

I thinJ he is incompetent, 4our Honor:

&OURT7

Sustained:

Att$: ANTONIO7

Q +efore $our ehic#e reached the p#ace 0here this sta##ed ehic#e 0as,0hat did $ou notice if an$

A I noticed that the ehic#e I 0as fo##o0in" Isuu *emini %efore reachin"the sta##ed ehic#e sudden#$ s0ered to the ri"ht and I 0as a#read$approachin", sir:

Q +efore this Isuu *emini car $ou 0ere fo##o0in" sudden#$ s0ered tothe ri"ht, ho0 far 0ere $ou

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A A%out t0ent$ 28@3 meters, sir: It sudden#$ s0ered to the ri"ht and Iwas running very as! %ecause it 0as do0n0ard:

Q And 0hen $ou noticed this Isuu *emini sudden#$ s0ered to the ri"ht,0hat if an$ did $ou do

A I %#e0 m$ horn and stepped on m$ %raJes, sir: &onsiderin" that it 0asrainin" and s#ipper$ I cannot contro#:

Q And after $our 0ere not a%#e to contro# $our ehic#e despite the precaution $ou made, 0hat happened

A I %umped him, sir:/710 2Emphasis supp#ied3

T)e on'y (on('u"ion t)at $e (an %ra$ *rom t)e *a(tua' (ir(um"tan(e" i" t)at O'impio

$a" ne&'i&ent. He $a" )urryin& to )i" %e"tination an% %ri!in& *a"ter t)an )e ")ou'%)a!e. T)e *a(t t)at a*ter O'impio "teppe% on t)e brae, t)e bu" "ti'' tra!e'e% a %i"tan(eo* 7 meter" be*ore it *ina''y "toppe%, an% t)e (ar, a*ter it $a" )it, $a" t)ro$n 1 to 15meter" a$ay,/770 on'y pro!e t)at O'impio;" bu" $a" runnin& !ery *a"t.

O'impio;" ('aim t)at +ar'o" "u%%en'y tran"*erre% to )i" 'ane to a!oi% )ittin& a !an"tran%e% at t)e 'e*t "i%e o* t)e i"'an% (ou'% )ar%'y (arry t)e %ay *or )im. O'impio "ay"t)at t)e %i"tan(e bet$een t)e (ar an% t)e bu" be*ore t)e (ar a''e&e%'y "$er!e% to t)ebu"; 'ane $a" 7 meter". T)ere*ore, at t)at point, O'impio "ti'' )a% t)e opportunity toa!oi% t)e (o''i"ion by "'o$in& %o$n or by "teppin& on t)e brae. Ho$e!er, $)at O'impio%i% $a" to (ontinue runnin& !ery *a"t.

Anot)er te''in& proo* o* O'impio;" ne&'i&en(e i" t)e te"timony o* %$ar%, apa""en&er o* t)e MMT+ bu" $)o $a" "eate% at t)e ri&)t *ront "eat neare"t to t)e %oor o* t)e bu"./70 %$ar% re(ounte% t)e in(i%ent, t)u":

Q 4ou said that there 0as a an parJed 0hich the (etro (ani#a Transittried to aoid: Where 0as that an parJed

A It 0as stranded a%oe the midd#e is#and of the road, sir:

&OURT7

Q When $ou said of the road $ou are referrin" to E)SA

A 4es, 4our Honor:

FIS&AL7

Q So 0hen it s0ered to aoid hittin" the parJed an, 0hat happened

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Atty. ANTONIO:

Q It 0as a matter of seconds

A 4es, sir:

Q So if $ou 0ere in this position stoppin" 0ou#d not %e sufficient precautionar$ measure, 0as it not

A +efore that, sir, $e "ver!""* !$a! +us s" i $e &i& n"! "ver!a*e !$a!+us $e w"u#& $ave seen !$e -ar*e& van. eing a &river /yse# !$e

way $e "ver!""* was &anger"us, i! was s" %#"se !$a! y"u %"u#& n"!

see !$e "!$er #ane:

6 6 6

Q Wi## $ou p#ease e6p#ain (r: Witness, ho0 this ((T& %us hit the car0hen $ou c#aimed that the car 0as runnin" ahead of the %us

A There 0as this sta##ed an and there 0as this %us, no0 this 0as the*emini car, this s#o0ed do0n to aoid a#so the sta##ed an, it s0ered sothe +us was $ere running very as! and then noticed the an so its0ered a#so and the *emini here 0as of course s#o0ed do0n to aoidthat an, !$e +us was s!i## running as! then after s0erin" it 0as too#ate for him to notice that there 0as this car runnin" s#o0#$ %$ the %us, he

stepped on the %raJe:

Q )o $ou mean to sa$ (r: Witness, that %oth the Isuu ehic#e and the((T& %us 0ere runnin" on the same course

A 4es, sir :/70 2Emphasis supp#ied3:

%$ar%;" %e('aration" t)at t)e bu" $a" runnin& !ery *a"t an% t)at O'impio %i% not"ee t)e "tran%e% !an be(au"e )e ear'ier o!ertoo anot)er bu" are ('ear an%(ate&ori(a'. T)ere i" no e!i%en(e o* any i'' or improper moti!e on %$ar%;" part t)at$ou'% %i"(re%it )i" te"timony. He $a" not in any $ay re'ate% to t)e (omp'ainant".

Neit)er $a" t)e %e*en"e ab'e to ")o$ t)at "ome *orm o* (on"i%eration in%u(e% %$ar%to te"ti*y *or t)e pro"e(ution. T)e %e*en"e %i% not e!en try to rebut %$ar%;" te"timony.

-)en t)ere i" not)in& to in%i(ate t)at a $itne"" $a" a(tuate% by improper moti!e",)i" po"iti!e an% (ate&ori(a' %e('aration" on t)e $itne"" "tan% un%er "o'emn oat)%e"er!e *u'' *ait) an% (re%it./750

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32/164

re'ation")ip bet$een petitioner", t)e MMT+ i" en&a&e% in t)e tran"portation in%u"try,/0 an% O'impio )a" been a%Cu%&e% &ui'ty o* a $ron&*u' a(t an% *oun% to )a!e (ommitte%t)e o**en"e in t)e %i"()ar&e o* )i" %utie". /50 Ho$e!er, t)ere i" no proo* )ere o* O'impio;"in"o'!en(y. T)e Cu%&ment o* (on!i(tion a&ain"t O'impio )a" not attaine% *ina'ity. T)i"bein& "o, no $rit o* ee(ution (an i""ue a&ain"t )im to "ati"*y )i" (i!i' 'iabi'ity. On'y a*ter

proo* o* t)e a((u"e%emp'oyee;" in"o'!en(y may t)e "ub"i%iary 'iabi'ity o* )i" emp'oyer be en*or(e%./>0

In ")ort, t)ere i" a" yet no o((a"ion to "pea o* en*or(in& t)e emp'oyer;" "ub"i%iary(i!i' 'iabi'ity un'e"" it appear" t)at t)e a((u"e%emp'oyee;" primary 'iabi'ity (annot in t)e*ir"t in"tan(e be "ati"*ie% be(au"e o* in"o'!en(y. T)i" *a(t (annot be no$n unti' "ometime a*ter t)e !er%i(t o* (on!i(tion ")a'' )a!e be(ome *ina'. An% e!en i* it appear" prima&acie t)at ee(ution a&ain"t t)e emp'oyee (annot be "ati"*ie%, ee(ution a&ain"t t)eemp'oyer $i'' not i""ue a" a matter o* (our"e. /=0 T)e pro(e%ure *or t)e en*or(ement o* a

Cu%&ment $i'' )a!e to be *o''o$e%. On(e t)e Cu%&ment o* (on!i(tion a&ain"t O'impiobe(ome" *ina' an% ee(utory, an% a*ter t)e $rit o* ee(ution i""ue% a&ain"t )im i"returne% un"ati"*ie% be(au"e o* )i" in"o'!en(y, on'y t)en (an a "ub"i%iary $rit o*

ee(ution be i""ue% a&ain"t t)e MMT+ a*ter a )earin& "et *or t)at pre(i"e purpo"e. It i""ti'' too ear'y to )o'% t)e MMT+ "ub"i%iari'y 'iab'e $it) it" a((u"e%emp'oyee(on"i%erin& t)at t)ere i" no proo* yet o* O'impio;" in"o'!en(y.

)EREFORE, $e DN t)e in"tant petition. T)e De(i"ion %ate% 79 No!ember 1999 o* t)e +ourt o* Appea'" in +A?.R. +R No. 1=> *in%in& petitioner O'impio0 'bid., p. 17.

/=0 Re(or%", pp. 1>51>=.

/80 'bid., p. 1>8.

/90 %ollo, p. 5.

/10 'bid ., p. .

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/110 +A %ollo, pp. 11917.

/170 S+RA 11 Roma&o'e(tri( +o., In(. v . +ourt o* Appea'", 88 .

/180 TSN, 77 Apri' 1991, pp. 5, 9 an% 1 TSN, 5 May 1997, pp. >, 89 an% 11.

/190 TSN, 5 May 1997, p. 1.

/70

'bid., pp. = 9, an% 11./710 TSN, 5 May 1997, p. 8.

/770 TSN, 1= O(tober 199, p. 17 TSN, 77 Apri' 1991, p. = TSN, 5 May 1997, p. 9.

/70 TSN, 77 Apri' 1991, p. 9.

/70 TSN, 77 Apri' 1991, pp. 5, 1, 11 an% 1>.

/750


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/70 7955, 77 De(ember 198=, 15> S+RA ==9.

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3IRST DIVISION

[G.R. No. 12*0+. No


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of rec#usion tempora#, as ma6imum, and to indemnif$, oint#$ and seera##$, the heirsof the deceased in the amount of /@,@@@:@@ for the death of Rodo#fo (a"rare, andanother sum of 5/,G@:@@ spent in re#ation thereto: /70

Ra*ae' an% )i" $i*e mo!e% *or t)e re(on"i%eration o* t)e abo!e %e(i"ion an% on

Au&u"t 18, 199, t)e tria' (ourt mo%i*ie% it" ru'in&:

WHEREFORE, in ie0 of a## the fore"oin" premises, ud"ment is here%$ rendered asfo##o0s7

Accused Rafae# Rendon is here%$ found "ui#t$ %e$ond reasona%#e dou%t of the crimeof homicide for the death of Rodo#fo (a"rare for 0hich the pena#t$ of rec#usiontempora# is imposed under Artic#e 8D of the Reised ena# &ode: App#$in" theIndeterminate Sentence La0, and there %ein" one miti"atin" circumstance ofo#untar$ surrender and no a""raatin" circumstances to offset the Csame, accused is

here%$ sentenced to suffer an indeterminate prison term ran"in" from si6 2.3 $ears andone 253 da$ of prision ma$or, as minimum, to t0e#e 2583 $ears and one 253 da$ ofrec#usion tempora# or ma6imum, to indemnif$ the heirs of the deceased in the amountof /@,@@@:@@ for the death of Rodo#fo (a"rare, and another sum of 5/,@@@:@@ spentin re#ation thereto:

Anent accused Teresita Rendon, the Ccourt finds her "ui#t$ %e$ond reasona%#e dou%tof the crime of s#i"ht ph$sica# inuries and here%$ sentenced to suffer a definite prisonterm of ten 25@3 da$s:/0

3rom t)i" Cu%&ment, Ra*ae' appea'e% to t)e +ourt o* Appea'". He $a" not Coine%,)o$e!er, by )i" $i*e, Tere"ita. T)e +ourt o* Appea'" t)en ren%ere% t)e Eue"tione%%e(i"ion, t)e %i"po"iti!e portion o* $)i() rea%" a" *o''o$":

WHEREFORE, 0e find no reersi%#e error in the appea#ed )ecision, 0hich is here%$AFFIR(E) in toto:

SO OR)ERE):/0

T)e (on!i(tion $a" ba"e% on t)e *o''o$in& *a(t" a" *oun% by t)e +ourt o* Appea'":

6 6 6 The spouses Rodo#fo and Inocencia (a"rare and the coup#e Rafae# and TeresitaRendon 0ere nei"h%ors in +ia?an, Hamtic, Anti;ue: In the afternoon of Octo%er 8


37/164

Rodo#fo sustained a sta% 0ound at the #eft side of his necJ, incised 0ound at the %uttocJ and fie 2/3 a%rasions in different parts of his %od$: He died as a resu#t of the0ound in his necJ: Rafae# a#so suffered a #acerated 0ound in his #eft arm and four 23incised 0ounds in his hands: He immediate#$ 0ent to the po#ice station ando#untari#$ surrendered:/50

In t)e in"tant petition, t)e main i""ue" brou&)t be*ore t)i" +ourt are:

WHETHER OR NOT THE U)*(ENT IS +ASE) ON A (IS? AREHENSIONOF FA&TS

WHETHER OR NOT THE FIN)IN*S OF FA&TS ARE &ONFLI&TIN*

WHETHER OR NOT SI(ULTANEOUS HEARIN*S ARE ALLOWE): />0

At t)e out"et, t)i" +ourt note" t)at t)e petition i" an()ore% on a p'ea to re!ie$ t)e*a(tua' (on('u"ion" rea()e% by t)e tria' (ourt. Su() a ta", )o$e!er, i" *ore('o"e% byt)e ru'e t)at in petition" *or (ertiorari a" a mo%e o* appea', a" in t)e pre"ent (a"e, on'yEue"tion" o* 'a$ %i"tin(t'y "et *ort) may be rai"e%. T)e"e are t)e Eue"tion" t)at %o not(a'' *or any eamination o* t)e probati!e !a'ue o* t)e e!i%en(e pre"ente% by t)e partie"./=0

3urt)ermore, petitioner ('aim" "e'*%e*en"e. He ar&ue" t)at t)e e!i%en(e )epre"ente% to pro!e t)i" ('aim $a" not taen into (on"i%eration by t)e tria' (ourt an% t)e+ourt o* Appea'". It i" t)e ru'e t)at $)ere t)e a((u"e% in!oe" "e'*%e*en"e, it i"in(umbent upon )im to pro!e by ('ear an% (on!in(in& e!i%en(e t)at )e in%ee% a(te% in%e*en"e o* )im"e'*. He mu"t re'y on t)e "tren&t) o* )i" o$n e!i%en(e an% not on t)e

$eane"" o* t)e pro"e(ution. /80

To pro!e "e'*%e*en"e, petitioner brou&)t *or$ar% t)e $itne"" Farry Sarion, /90 $)ote"ti*ie% t)at on t)e %ay t)e in(i%ent )appene%, )e $a" at petitioner;" )ou"e )e'pin& )im"a$ "ome 'o&". A((or%in& to Sarion, t)ey "toppe% an% re"te% at aroun% : p.m., an%$a'e% to t)e )ou"e o* petitioner;" *at)er, $)i() $a" one i'ometer a$ay. At aroun%5: p.m., t)ey pro(ee%e% ba( to petitioner;" )ou"e an% a" t)ey $ere $a'in&, t)e!i(tim Ma&rare b'o(e% t)em an% a"e% petitioner, -)y are you "mi'in&


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*ir"t, $a" unab'e to )it t)e !i(tim "in(e t)e 'atter $a" ab'e to &rab t)e )an% o* t)e*ormer. T)e t$o men t)en "tru&&'e% *or po""e""ion o* t)e bo'o, but Ma&rare *e'' an%$a" )it on t)e ne( by t)e bo'o.


39/164

/10 Re(or%", p. .

/70 %ollo, pp. 77>.

/0 Re(or%", pp. 715718.

/0 %ollo, p. 71.

/50 De(i"ion o* t)e +ourt o* Appea'", p. 1 %ollo, p. 1=./>0 S+RA 5> @19=, Cortez v. Court o& Appeals, 1> S+RA 19 @1988, People v.0apita1e, et a'., 9= S+RA >= @7.

/10 People v. Castillo, ?.R. No. 118917, May 78, 7.

/150 Te"timony o* Dr. Sme 0 Re(or%", pp. 555>.

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40/164

3IRST DIVISION

[G.R. No. 1**03. A4- 1, 200]

PILIPPINE RA((IT (US LINES, IN"., petitioner, vs. PEOPLE OF TEPILIPPINES, respondent .

! E " I S I O N

PANGANI(AN, J.:

-)en t)e a((u"e%emp'oyee ab"(on%" or Cump" bai', t)e Cu%&ment mete% outbe(ome" *ina' an% ee(utory. T)e emp'oyer (annot %e*eat t)e *ina'ity o* t)e Cu%&mentby *i'in& a noti(e o* appea' on it" o$n be)a'* in t)e &ui"e o* a"in& *or a re!ie$ o* it""ub"i%iary (i!i' 'iabi'ity. 4ot) t)e primary (i!i' 'iabi'ity o* t)e a((u"e%emp'oyee an% t)e"ub"i%iary (i!i' 'iabi'ity o* t)e emp'oyer are (arrie% in one "in&'e %e(i"ion t)at )a"be(ome *ina' an% ee(utory.

T/e "7e

4e*ore t)i" +ourt i" a


41/164

four 23 $ears, nine 2D3 months and e#een 2553 da$s to si6 2.3 $ears, and to pa$dama"es as fo##o0s7

a: to pa$ the heirs of USTINO TORRES the sum of /@,@@@:@@ asindemnit$ for his death, p#us the sum of 8/,-


42/164

i: to &LARITA &A+AN+AN, the sum of 5//:@@ for medica#e6penses,


43/164

amen%, nu''i*y or %e*eat a *ina' Cu%&ment. Sin(e t)e noti(e o* appea' *i'e% by t)ea((u"e% )a% a'rea%y been %i"mi""e% by t)e +A, t)en t)e Cu%&ment o* (on!i(tion an%t)e a$ar% o* (i!i' 'iabi'ity be(ame *ina' an% ee(utory. In('u%e% in t)e (i!i' 'iabi'ity o* t)ea((u"e% $a" t)e emp'oyer;" "ub"i%iary 'iabi'ity.

Hen(e, t)i"


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=An$ part$ ma$ appea# from a ud"ment or fina# order, un#ess the accused 0i## %e p#aced in dou%#e eopard$:

+'ear'y, bot) t)e a((u"e% an% t)e pro"e(ution may appea' a (rimina' (a"e, but t)e&o!ernment may %o "o on'y i* t)e a((u"e% $ou'% not t)ereby be p'a(e% in %oub'e

Ceopar%y./90 3urt)ermore, t)e pro"e(ution (annot appea' on t)e &roun% t)at t)e a((u"e%")ou'% )a!e been &i!en a more "e!ere pena'ty. /10 On t)e ot)er )an%, t)e o**en%e%partie" may a'"o appea' t)e Cu%&ment $it) re"pe(t to t)eir ri&)t to (i!i' 'iabi'ity. I* t)ea((u"e% )a" t)e ri&)t to appea' t)e Cu%&ment o* (on!i(tion, t)e o**en%e% partie" ")ou'%)a!e t)e "ame ri&)t to appea' a" mu() o* t)e Cu%&ment a" i" preCu%i(ia' to t)em. /110

Appeal by the Accused Who Jumps Bail

-e''e"tab'i")e% in our Curi"%i(tion i" t)e prin(ip'e t)at t)e appe''ate (ourt may, uponmotion or motu proprio, %i"mi"" an appea' %urin& it" pen%en(y i* t)e a((u"e% Cump"bai'. T)e "e(on% para&rap) o* Se(tion 8 o* Ru'e 17 o* t)e 7 Re!i"e% Ru'e" o* +rimina' 0

inality of a !ecision

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in a Criminal Case

A" to $)en a Cu%&ment o* (on!i(tion attain" *ina'ity i" ep'aine% in Se(tion = o* Ru'e17 o* t)e 7 Ru'e" o* +rimina'


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Ha!in& 'ai% a'' t)e"e ba"i( ru'e" an% prin(ip'e", $e no$ a%%re"" t)e main i""uerai"e% by petitioner.

Civil "iability !eemed %nstituted

in the Criminal Prosecution

At t)e out"et, $e mu"t ep'ain t)at t)e 7 Ru'e" o* +rimina'


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T)i" %i"(u""ion i" (omp'ete'y in a((or% $it) t)e Re!i"e% 0


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-e are not in a po"ition to "e(on%&ue"" t)e rea"on $)y t)e a((u"e% e**e(ti!e'y$ai!e% )i" ri&)t to appea' by Cumpin& bai'. It i" ('ear, t)ou&), t)at petitioner may notappea' $it)out !io'atin& )i" ri&)t a&ain"t %oub'e Ceopar%y.

Effect of Abscondin# on the Appeal Process

Moreo!er, $it)in t)e meanin& o* t)e prin(ip'e" &o!ernin& t)e pre!ai'in& (rimina'pro(e%ure, t)e a((u"e% imp'ie%'y $it)%re$ )i" appea' by Cumpin& bai' an% t)ereby ma%et)e Cu%&ment o* t)e (ourt be'o$ *ina'. /50 Ha!in& been a *u&iti!e *rom Cu"ti(e *or a 'on&perio% o* time, )e i" %eeme% to )a!e $ai!e% )i" ri&)t to appea'. T)u", )i" (on!i(tion i"no$ *ina' an% ee(utory. T)e +ourt in People v. Ang #ioc />0 ru'e%:

=There are certain fundamenta# ri"hts 0hich cannot %e 0aied een %$ the accusedhimse#f, %ut the ri"ht of appea# is not one of them: This ri"ht is "ranted so#e#$ for the %enefit of the accused: He ma$ aai# of it or not, as he p#eases: He ma$ 0aie iteither e6press#$ or %$ imp#ication: When the accused f#ees after the case has %eensu%mitted to the court for decision, he 0i## %e deemed to hae 0aied his ri"ht toappea# from the ud"ment rendered a"ainst him: 6 6 6: /=0

4y *'eein&, t)e )erein a((u"e% e)ibite% (ontempt o* t)e aut)ority o* t)e (ourt an%p'a(e% )im"e'* in a po"ition to "pe(u'ate on )i" ()an(e" *or a re!er"a'. In t)e pro(e"",)e ept )im"e'* out o* t)e rea() o* Cu"ti(e, but )ope% to ren%er t)e Cu%&ment nu&atory at)i" option./80 Su() (on%u(t i" into'erab'e an% %oe" not in!ite 'enien(y on t)e part o* t)eappe''ate (ourt./90

+on"eEuent'y, t)e Cu%&ment a&ain"t an appe''ant $)o e"(ape" an% $)o re*u"e" to"urren%er to t)e proper aut)oritie" be(ome" *ina' an% ee(utory. /0

T)u" *ar, $e )a!e ('ari*ie% t)at petitioner )a" no ri&)t to appea' t)e (rimina' (a"ea&ain"t t)e a((u"e%emp'oyee t)at by Cumpin& bai', )e )a" $ai!e% )i" ri&)t to appea'an% t)at t)e Cu%&ment in t)e (rimina' (a"e a&ain"t )im i" no$ *ina'.

&ubsidiary "iability 'pon inality of Jud#ment

A" a matter o* 'a$, t)e "ub"i%iary 'iabi'ity o* petitioner no$ a((rue".


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Su() po"turin& i" untenab'e. In %i""e(tin& t)e"e (a"e" on "ub"i%iary 'iabi'ity,petitioner 'o"t tra( o* t)e mo"t ba"i( tenet t)ey )a!e 'ai% %o$n t)at an emp'oyer;"'iabi'ity in a *in%in& o* &ui't a&ain"t it" a((u"e%emp'oyee i" "ub"i%iary.

6n%er Arti('e 1 o* t)e Re!i"e% 0 Ine**e(t an% imp'i(ation, t)e "ti&ma o* a (rimina' (on!i(tion "urpa""e" mere (i!i' 'iabi'ity./=0

To a''o$ emp'oyer" to %i"pute t)e (i!i' 'iabi'ity *ie% in a (rimina' (a"e $ou'% enab'et)em to amen%, nu''i*y or %e*eat a *ina' Cu%&ment ren%ere% by a (ompetent (ourt. /80 4yt)e "ame toen, to a''o$ t)em to appea' t)e *ina' (rimina' (on!i(tion o* t)eir emp'oyee"

$it)out t)e 'atter;" (on"ent $ou'% a'"o re"u't in improper'y amen%in&, nu''i*yin& or %e*eatin& t)e Cu%&ment.

T)e %e(i"ion (on!i(tin& an emp'oyee in a (rimina' (a"e i" bin%in& an% (on('u"i!eupon t)e emp'oyer not on'y $it) re&ar% to t)e *ormer;" (i!i' 'iabi'ity, but a'"o $it) re&ar%to it" amount. T)e 'iabi'ity o* an emp'oyer (annot be "eparate% *rom t)at o* t)eemp'oyee./90

4e*ore t)e emp'oyer"; "ub"i%iary 'iabi'ity i" ea(te%, )o$e!er, t)ere mu"t bea%eEuate e!i%en(e e"tab'i")in& t)at @1 t)ey are in%ee% t)e emp'oyer" o* t)e (on!i(te%emp'oyee" @7 t)at t)e *ormer are en&a&e% in "ome in% o* in%u"try @ t)at t)e (rime$a" (ommitte% by t)e emp'oyee" in t)e %i"()ar&e o* t)eir %utie" an% @ t)at t)e

ee(ution a&ain"t t)e 'atter )a" not been "ati"*ie% %ue to in"o'!en(y./50

T)e re"o'ution o* t)e"e i""ue" nee% not be %one in a "eparate (i!i' a(tion. 4ut t)e%etermination mu"t be ba"e% on t)e e!i%en(e t)at t)e o**en%e% party an% t)e emp'oyer may *u''y an% *ree'y pre"ent. Su() %etermination may be %one in t)e "ame (rimina'a(tion in $)i() t)e emp'oyee;" 'iabi'ity, (rimina' an% (i!i', )a" been pronoun(e% /510 an% ina )earin& "et *or t)at pre(i"e purpo"e, $it) %ue noti(e to t)e emp'oyer, a" part o* t)epro(ee%in&" *or t)e ee(ution o* t)e Cu%&ment.

2u"t be(au"e t)e pre"ent petitioner parti(ipate% in t)e %e*en"e o* it" a((u"e%emp'oyee %oe" not mean t)at it" 'iabi'ity )a" tran"*orme% it" nature it" 'iabi'ity remain""ub"i%iary. Neit)er $i'' it" parti(ipation era"e it" "ub"i%iary 'iabi'ity. T)e *a(t remain"

t)at "in(e t)e a((u"e%emp'oyee;" (on!i(tion )a" attaine% *ina'ity, t)en t)e "ub"i%iary'iabi'ity o* t)e emp'oyer ipso &acto atta()e".

A((or%in& to t)e ar&ument o* petitioner, *airne"" %i(tate" t)at $)i'e t)e *ina'ity o* (on!i(tion (ou'% be t)e proper "an(tion to be impo"e% upon t)e a((u"e% *or Cumpin&bai', t)e "ame "an(tion ")ou'% not a**e(t it. In e**e(t, petitioneremp'oyer "p'it" t)i" (a"einto t$o: &irst , *or it"e'* an% second , *or it" a((u"e%emp'oyee.

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T)e untenabi'ity o* t)i" ar&ument i" ('ear'y e!i%ent. T)ere i" on'y one (rimina' (a"ea&ain"t t)e a((u"e%emp'oyee. A *in%in& o* &ui't )a" bot) (rimina' an% (i!i' a"pe(t". Iti" t)e )ei&)t o* ab"ur%ity *or t)i" "in&'e (a"e to be *ina' a" to t)e a((u"e% $)o Cumpe%bai', but not a" to an entity $)o"e 'iabi'ity i" %epen%ent upon t)e (on!i(tion o* t)e*ormer.

T)e "ub"i%iary 'iabi'ity o* petitioner i" in(i%enta' to an% %epen%ent on t)e pe(uniary(i!i' 'iabi'ity o* t)e a((u"e%emp'oyee. Sin(e t)e (i!i' 'iabi'ity o* t)e 'atter )a" be(ome*ina' an% en*or(eab'e by rea"on o* )i" *'i&)t, t)en t)e *ormer;" "ub"i%iary (i!i' 'iabi'ity )a"a'"o be(ome imme%iate'y en*or(eab'e. Re"pon%ent i" (orre(t in ar&uin& t)at t)e(on(ept o* "ub"i%iary 'iabi'ity i" )i&)'y (ontin&ent on t)e impo"ition o* t)e primary (i!i''iabi'ity.

(o !eprivationof !ue Process

A" to t)e ar&ument t)at petitioner $a" %epri!e% o* %ue pro(e"", $e reiterate t)at$)at i" "ou&)t to be en*or(e% i" t)e "ub"i%iary (i!i' 'iabi'ity in(i%ent to an% %epen%entupon t)e emp'oyee;" (rimina' ne&'i&en(e. In ot)er $or%", t)e emp'oyer be(ome" ipso&acto "ub"i%iari'y 'iab'e upon t)e (on!i(tion o* t)e emp'oyee an% upon proo* o* t)e'atter;" in"o'!en(y, in t)e "ame $ay t)at a(Euitta' $ipe" out not on'y )i" primary (i!i''iabi'ity, but a'"o )i" emp'oyer;" "ub"i%iary 'iabi'ity *or )i" (rimina' ne&'i&en(e. /570

It ")ou'% be "tre""e% t)at t)e ri&)t to appea' i" neit)er a natura' ri&)t nor a part o* %ue pro(e""./50 It i" mere'y a pro(e%ura' reme%y o* "tatutory ori&in, a reme%y t)at maybe eer(i"e% on'y in t)e manner pre"(ribe% by t)e pro!i"ion" o* 'a$ aut)oriin& "u()eer(i"e./50 Hen(e, t)e 'e&a' reEuirement" mu"t be "tri(t'y (omp'ie% $it). /550

It $ou'% be in(orre(t to (on"i%er t)e reEuirement" o* t)e ru'e" on appea' a" mere'y)arm'e"" an% tri!ia' te()ni(a'itie" t)at (an be %i"(ar%e%. /5>0 In%ee%, %e!iation" *rom t)eru'e" (annot be to'erate%./5=0 In t)e"e time" $)en (ourt %o(et" are ('o&&e% $it)numerou" 'iti&ation", "u() ru'e" )a!e to be *o''o$e% by partie" $it) &reater *i%e'ity, "oa" to *a(i'itate t)e or%er'y %i"po"ition o* t)o"e (a"e". /580

A*ter a Cu%&ment )a" be(ome *ina', !e"te% ri&)t" are a(Euire% by t)e $innin&party. I* t)e proper 'o"in& party )a" t)e ri&)t to *i'e an appea' $it)in t)e pre"(ribe%perio%, t)en t)e *ormer )a" t)e (orre'ati!e ri&)t to enCoy t)e *ina'ity o* t)e re"o'ution o* t)e (a"e./590

In *a(t, petitioner a%mit" t)at by )e'pin& t)e a((u"e%emp'oyee, it parti(ipate% in t)epro(ee%in&" be*ore t)e RT+ t)u", it (annot be "ai% t)at t)e emp'oyer $a" %epri!e% o* %ue pro(e"". It mi&)t )a!e 'o"t it" ri&)t to appea', but it $a" not %enie% it" %ay in (ourt./>0 In *a(t, it (an be "ai% t)at by Cumpin& bai', t)e a((u"e%emp'oyee, not t)e (ourt,%epri!e% petitioner o* t)e ri&)t to appea'.

A'' to'%, $)at i" 'e*t to be %one i" to ee(ute t)e RT+ De(i"ion a&ain"t t)ea((u"e%. It ")ou'% be ('ear t)at on'y a*ter proo* o* )i" in"o'!en(y may t)e "ub"i%iary'iabi'ity o* petitioner be en*or(e%. It )a" been "u**i(ient'y pro!en t)at t)ere ei"t" an

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emp'oyeremp'oyee re'ation")ip t)at t)e emp'oyer i" en&a&e% in "ome in% o* in%u"tryan% t)at t)e emp'oyee )a" been a%Cu%&e% &ui'ty o* t)e $ron&*u' a(t an% *oun% to )a!e(ommitte% t)e o**en"e in t)e %i"()ar&e o* )i" %utie". T)e proo* i" ('ear *rom t)ea%mi""ion" o* petitioner t)at /o0n 7> Au&u"t 199, 3hile on its regular trip &rom 0aoag to Manila, a passenger bus o3ned by petitioner , being then operated by petitioner4s

driver , Napo'eon Roman, &igured in an accident in !an $uan, 0a 5nion ./>10

Neit)er %oe" petitioner %i"pute t)at t)ere $a" a'rea%y a *in%in& o* &ui't a&ain"t t)e a((u"e%$)i'e )e $a" in t)e %i"()ar&e o* )i" %utie".

)EREFORE, t)e 7, De(ember 1=, 1999.

/180


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/70 ART. 7. Any pub'i( o**i(er or emp'oyee, or any pri!ate in%i!i%ua', $)o %ire(t'y or in%ire(t'y ob"tru(t",%e*eat", !io'ate" or in any manner impe%e" or impair" any o* t)e *o''o$in& ri&)t" an% 'ibertie" o* anot)er per"on ")a'' be 'iab'e to t)e 'atter *or %ama&e":

@1 3ree%om o* re'i&ion

@7 3ree%om o* "pee()

@ 3ree%om to $rite *or t)e pre"" or to maintain a perio%i(a' pub'i(ation

@ 3ree%om *rom arbitrary or i''e&a' %etention

@5 3ree%om o* "u**ra&e

@> T)e ri&)t a&ain"t %epri!ation o* property $it)out %ue pro(e"" o* 'a$

@= T)e ri&)t to a Cu"t (ompen"ation $)en pri!ate property i" taen *or pub'i( u"e

@8 T)e ri&)t to t)e eEua' prote(tion o* t)e 'a$"

@9 T)e ri&)t to be "e(ure in one;" per"on, )ou"e, paper", an% e**e(t" a&ain"t unrea"onab'e"ear()e" an% "eiure"

@1 T)e 'iberty o* abo%e an% o* ()an&in& t)e "ame

@11 T)e pri!a(y o* (ommuni(ation an% (orre"pon%en(e

@17 T)e ri&)t to be(ome a member o* a""o(iation" or "o(ietie" *or purpo"e" not (ontrary to'a$

@1 T)e ri&)t to tae part in a pea(eab'e a""emb'y to petition t)e ?o!ernment *or re%re"" o* &rie!an(e"

@1 T)e ri&)t to be *ree *rom in!o'untary "er!itu%e in any *orm

@15 T)e ri&)t o* t)e a((u"e% a&ain"t e(e""i!e bai'

@1> T)e ri&)t o* t)e a((u"e% to be )ear% by )im"e'* an% (oun"e', to be in*orme% o* t)e naturean% (au"e o* t)e a((u"ation a&ain"t )im, to )a!e a "pee%y an% pub'i( tria', to meet t)e $itne""e"

*a(e to *a(e, an% to )a!e (ompu'"ory pro(e"" to "e(ure t)e atten%an(e o* $itne"" in )i" be)a'* @1= 3ree%om *rom bein& (ompe''e% to be a $itne"" a&ain"t one;" "e'*, or *rom bein& *or(e% to

(on*e"" &ui't, or *rom bein& in%u(e% by a promi"e o* immunity or re$ar% to mae "u()(on*e""ion, e(ept $)en t)e per"on (on*e""in& be(ome" a State $itne""

@18 3ree%om *rom e(e""i!e *ine", or (rue' an% unu"ua' puni")ment, un'e"" t)e "ame i"impo"e% or in*'i(te% in a((or%an(e $it) a "tatute $)i() )a" not been Cu%i(ia''y %e('are%un(on"titutiona' an%

@19 3ree%om o* a((e"" to t)e (ourt".

In any o* t)e (a"e" re*erre% to in t)i" arti('e, $)et)er or not t)e %e*en%ant;" a(t or omi""ion (on"titute" a(rimina' o**en"e, t)e a&&rie!e% party )a" a ri&)t to (ommen(e an entire'y "eparate an% %i"tin(t(i!i' a(tion *or %ama&e", an% *or ot)er re'ie*. Su() (i!i' a(tion ")a'' pro(ee% in%epen%ent'y o* any

(rimina' pro"e(ution @i* t)e 'atter be in"titute%, an% may be pro!e% by a prepon%eran(e o* e!i%en(e.

T)e in%emnity ")a'' in('u%e mora' %ama&e". emp'ary %ama&e" may a'"o be a%Cu%i(ate%.

T)e re"pon"ibi'ity )erein "et *ort) i" not %eman%ab'e *rom a Cu%&e un'e"" )i" a(t or omi""ion (on"titute"a !io'ation o* t)e


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a(tion ")a'' pro(ee% in%epen%ent'y o* t)e (rimina' pro"e(ution, an% ")a'' reEuire on'y aprepon%eran(e o* e!i%en(e.

/770 ART. . -)en a member o* a (ity or muni(ipa' po'i(e *or(e re*u"e" or *ai'" to ren%er ai% or prote(tion to any per"on in (a"e o* %an&er to 'i*e or property, "u() pea(e o**i(er ")a'' be primari'y'iab'e *or %ama&e", an% t)e (ity or muni(ipa'ity ")a'' be "ub"i%iari'y re"pon"ib'e t)ere*or. T)e (i!i'a(tion )erein re(o&nie% ")a'' be in%epen%ent o* any (rimina' pro(ee%in&", an% a prepon%eran(e

o* e!i%en(e ")a'' "u**i(e to "upport "u() a(tion./70 ART. 71=>. -)oe!er by a(t or omi""ion (au"e" %ama&e to anot)er, t)ere bein& *au't or ne&'i&en(e,

i" ob'i&e% to pay *or t)e %ama&e %one. Su() *au't or ne&'i&en(e, i* t)ere i" no preei"tin&(ontra(tua' re'ation bet$een t)e partie", i" (a''e% a Eua"i%e'i(t an% i" &o!erne% by t)e pro!i"ion"o* t)i" +)apter. @197a

/70 =, 2u'y 1, 195>./790 +A rollo, pp. >>18.

/0 %ollo, pp. 978.

/10 Appe''ant;" 4rie*, p. 1 +A rollo, p. 8.

/70 0ontoc v. People, = , r% e%., p. 57.

/>0 = 9, per Aba% Santo", $ .

/80 3ran(i"(o, Criminal Procedure, supra, p. 57.

/90 'bid .

/0 People v. /no1a, supra.

/10 !upra at note 78.

/70 158 S+RA 5=, 3ebruary 7, 1988.

/0 1> S+RA 9, Au&u"t 18, 1988.

/0 0agazon v. %eyes, 1>> S+RA 8>, O(tober 18, 1988./50 Alvarez v. CA, supra.

/>0 Martinez v. -arredo, 81


54/164

/50 8zoa v. Vda de Madula, 15> S+RA ==9, De(ember 77, 198=.

/510 'bid .

/570 Alvarez v. CA, supra Martinez v. -arredo, supra.

/50 eplum, 'nc. v. 8rbeso, 8 S+RA >>, 2u'y 11, 77.

/50 8ro v. $udge +iaz , >1 S+RA 18, 2u'y 11, 71 Mercury +rug Corp. v. CA, 9 +el %osario v. CA, 71 S+RA 55, 3ebruary 77, 1995.

/5>0 Casim v. 6lordeliza, = S+RA 8>, 2anuary 7, 77.

/5=0 People v. Marong , 119 S+RA , De(ember 7=, 1987.

/580 +el %osario v. CA, supra.

/590 Videogram %egulatory -oard v. CA, 7>5 S+RA 5, No!ember 78, 199>.

/>0 eplum, 'nc. v. 8rbeso, supra.

/>10


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S+OND DIVISION

[G.R. No. 11333. $-/ 1*, 2000]

LUISITO P. (ASILIO, petitioner, vs. TE "OURT OF APPEALS, ON.JESUS G. (ERSA$IRA, n FE A!VIN"ULA,respondents. S?

! E " I S I O N

UISU$(ING, J .#

T)i" i" a petition *or re!ie$ /10 un%er Ru'e 5 o* t)e Re!i"e% Ru'e" o* +ourt $)i() "ee"to annu' an% "et a"i%e t)e De(i"ion /70 an% Re"o'ution/0 o* t)e +ourt o* Appea'" %ate%O(tober 7=, 1997 an% 2anuary 5, 199, re"pe(ti!e'y. T)e %e(i"ion "u"taine% t)e Or%er%ate% Apri' =, 1997 o* t)e Re&iona' Tria' +ourt o*


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57/164

'a( o* merit on September 1>, 1991. /=0 , 1991, %enyin& t)e petitioner;" motion *or re(on"i%eration o* t)e Cu%&ment %ate%3ebruary , 1991 in"o*ar a" t)e "ub"i%iary 'iabi'ity o* t)e petitioner $a" (on(erne%, an%

@7 t)e Or%er %ate% Apri' =, 1997, %ire(tin& t)e i""uan(e o* a $rit o* ee(ution a&ain"tt)e petitioner. 4e*ore t)e appe''ate (ourt, petitioner ('aime% )e $a" not a**or%e% %uepro(e"" $)en )e $a" *oun% "ub"i%iari'y 'iab'e *or t)e (i!i' 'iabi'ity o* t)e a((u"e%


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III. ... IN HOFDIN? THAT 5 *i'e% by petitionera&ain"t t)e tria' (ourt. To re"o'!e it, $e mu"t, )o$e!er, a'"o pa"" upon t)e *o''o$in&:

@1 Ha% t)e Cu%&ment o* 3ebruary , 1991 o* t)e tria' (ourt be(ome *ina'

an% ee(utory $)en a((u"e% app'ie% *or probation at t)e promu'&ation

@7 May t)e petitioner a" emp'oyer *i'e a Motion *or Re(on"i%eration(on(ernin& (i!i' 'iabi'ity %e(ree% in t)e Cu%&ment i* )e i" not a party to t)e(rimina' (a"e

@ May petitioner, a" emp'oyer, be &rante% re'ie* by $ay o* a $rit o*pre'iminary inCun(tion Sppe% Co


59/164

To reme%y t)e "ituation an% t)ereby a**or% %ue pro(e"" to t)e a''e&e%emp'oyer, t)i" +ourt %ire(te% t)e (ourt a quo in


60/164


61/164

S+OND DIVISION

[G.R. No. 165. Ju@ 12, 200]

ERNESTO FRAN"IS"O @ SPENO"ILLA, petitioner , vs. PEOPLE OFTE PILIPPINES, respondent .

! E " I S I O N

"ALLEJO, SR., J .#

T)i" i" an appea' via a petition *or re!ie$ on (ertiorari o* t)e De(i"ion /10 o* t)e +ourto* Appea'" in +A?.R. +R No. 1911 a**irmin& t)e De(i"ion /70 o* t)e Re&iona' Tria' +ourto* Ma'o'o", 4u'a(an, 4ran() 77, *in%in& petitioner rne"to 3ran(i"(o &ui'ty o* !io'atin&


62/164

0ith the tota# a#ue of .//,@@@:@@, %e#on"in" to oita Rodri"ue $ &ru, 0hich heJno0s, or shou#d %e Jno0n to him, to hae %een deried from the proceeds of thecrime of ro%%er$ or theft:

&ontrar$ to #a0:C-

T)e petitioner $a" arrai&ne%, $it) t)e a""i"tan(e o* (oun"e', an% entere% a p'ea o* not &ui'ty. Tria' *ort)$it) en"ue%.

T/e "7e ;o- :/e P-o7eu:on

2o!ita Ro%ri&ue $a" a re"i%ent o* 4aran&ay Man&&a)an, Ro%ri&ue, Ria'. /0 S)e$a" en&a&e% in bu"ine"" a" a &enera' (ontra(tor un%er t)e bu"ine"" name 2.+.Ro%ri&ue +ontra(tor". Ma(ario Fin&)on $a" one o* )er $orer". S)e an% )er

)u"ban%, t)e *ormer Muni(ipa' Mayor o* Ro%ri&ue, Ria', a(Euire% "e!era' pie(e" o* Ce$e'ry $)i() $ere p'a(e% in"i%e a 'o(e% (abinet in a 'o(e% room in t)eir main)ou"e. 2o!ita )i% t)e ey to t)e (abinet in"i%e t)e room. T)e (oup'e an% t)eir "onre"i%e% in"i%e a (ompoun%. T)ey )ire%


63/164


64/164

te"ti*ie% t)at t)ey "o'% a "et o* earrin&", bra(e'et an% t$o rin&" to t)e petitioner *or 0 T)e (ourt *oun% probab'e (au"e a&ain"t t)e petitioner, an%i""ue% a $arrant *or )i" arre"t.

On 2une 7, 199, an In*ormation $a" *i'e% by t)e


65/164


66/164

THE LOWER &OURT ERRE) IN NOT FIN)IN* THAT THE ROSE&UTIONEVI)EN&E WAS NOT SUFFI&IENT TO &ONVI&T THE A&&USE)?AELLANT +E4ON) REASONA+LE )OU+T:

III

THE LOWER &OURT ERRE) IN +ELIEVIN* ON THE &ONTRA)I&TIN*TESTI(ON4 2sic3 OF ROSE&UTION WITNESSES:

IV

THE LOWER &OURT ERRE) IN +ELIEVIN* THE TESTI(ON4 OF AROSE&UTION WITNESS AS TO THE ALLE*E) A&&USE)?AELLANTKSOFFER OF +RI+E WITHOUT SHOW OF (ONE4:

V

THE LOWER &OURT ERRE) IN NOT A&QUITTIN* THE A&&USE)?AELLANT:C8G

On De(ember 79, 7, t)e +A ren%ere% Cu%&ment a**irmin& t)e %e(i"ion o* t)eRT+./780

T/e P-e7en: Pe::on

In t)e pre"ent re(our"e, petitioner rne"to 3ran(i"(o a""ert" t)at:

The &ourt of Appea#s erred in sustainin" the tria# courtKs decision findin" petitioner"ui#t$ %e$ond reasona%#e dou%t of io#ation of the 2sic3 residentia# )ecree No: 5.58,other0ise Jno0n as the Anti?Fencin" La0:

The &ourt of Appea#s erred in re#$in" on the conf#ictin" testimonies of prosecution0itnesses, a## of 0hich consisted of hearsa$ eidence: C8D

T)e petitioner a""ert" t)at t)e pro"e(ution *ai'e% to pro!e )i" &ui't *or t)e (rime

()ar&e% beyon% rea"onab'e %oubt. He a!er" t)at t)e pro"e(ution *ai'e% to pro!e t)at


67/164

2o!ita. T)e petitioner a!er" t)at t)e te"timony o* Ma(ario, t)e prin(ipa' $itne"" o* t)epro"e(ution, i" in(on"i"tent on "ub"tantia' matter" )en(e, ")ou'% not be &i!en (re%en(ean% probati!e $ei&)t.

On t)e ot)er )an%, t)e O**i(e o* t)e So'i(itor ?enera' @OS? maintain" t)at t)epro"e(ution $a" ab'e to pro!e a'' t)e e'ement" o* t)e (rime ()ar&e%. It a""ert" t)at t)e

*ir"t e'ement $a" pro!e% t)rou&)


68/164

a&ain"t )im in t)i" (a"e, t)at


69/164

3ourt). On t)e ot)er )an%, t)e te"timony o* Ma(ario %urin& t)e pre'iminaryin!e"ti&ation o* +rimina' +a"e No. 97181 i" a%mi""ib'e in e!i%en(e a&ain"t t)epetitioner "in(e )e te"ti*ie% *or t)e pro"e(ution an% $a" (ro""eamine% on )i"te"timony %urin& t)e pre'iminary in!e"ti&ation.

In *ine, t)e on'y e!i%en(e o* t)e pro"e(ution to pro!e t)at t)e petitioner pur()a"e%

t)e Ce$e'ry *rom Ma(ario an%


70/164

E ou better t)in about it.

a I $a" (on*u"e%, Sir ./=0

T)e te"timonie" o* Ma(ario are e!en (ontrary to t)e a!erment" o* t)e In*ormation,t)at t)e petitioner re(ei!e% t)e "ai% Ce$e'ry *rom


71/164

A No more, I )a!e no more time./90

T)e pro"e(ution (annot e!en !a'i%'y ar&ue t)at t)e petitioner ")ou'% )a!e no$n$)i() pie(e" o* Ce$e'ry $ere "to'en, (on"i%erin& t)at Ma(ario $a" "e''in& t)e "ame*or


72/164

In People v. Paraiso,/0 $e (ite% our ru'in& in People v. Marcos /0 t)at an or%inary$itne"" (annot e"tab'i") t)e !a'ue o* Ce$e'ry, nor may t)e (ourt" tae Cu%i(ia' noti(e o* t)e !a'ue o* t)e "ame:

CAnd as 0e hae ru#ed in the case of People vs. #ntonio (arcos, an ordinar$

0itness cannot esta%#ish the a#ue of e0e#r$ and the tria# court can on#$ taJe udicia#notice of the a#ue of "oods 0hich are matters of pu%#ic Jno0#ed"e or are capa%#e of un;uestiona%#e demonstration: The a#ue of e0e#r$ is not a matter of pu%#ic

Jno0#ed"e nor is it capa%#e of un;uestiona%#e demonstration and in the a%sence of receipts or an$ other competent eidence %esides the se#f?serin" a#uation made %$

the prosecution, 0e cannot a0ard the reparation for the sto#en e0e#r$:C/

It bear" "tre""in& t)at, in t)e ab"en(e o* %ire(t e!i%en(e t)at t)e a((u"e% )a%no$'e%&e t)at t)e Ce$e'ry $a" "to'en, t)e pro"e(ution i" bur%ene% to pro!e *a(t" an%(ir(um"tan(e" *rom $)i() it (an be (on('u%e% t)at t)e a((u"e% ")ou'% )a!e no$n t)att)e property "o'% to )im $ere "to'en. T)i" reEuirement "er!e" t$o ba"i( purpo"e": @a topro!e one o* t)e e'ement" o* t)e (rime o* *en(in& an%, @b to enab'e t)e tria' (ourt to%etermine t)e impo"ab'e pena'ty *or t)e (rime, "in(e t)e pena'ty %epen%" on t)e !a'ueo* t)e property ot)er$i"e, t)e (ourt $i'' *i t)e !a'ue o* t)e property at 0

In the a%sence of a conc#usie or definite proof re#atie to their a#ue, this &ourt fi6edthe a#ue of the %a" and its contents at 5@@:@@ %ased on the attendant circumstancesof the case: (ore pertinent#$, in the case of People vs. &eyes, this &ourt he#d that ifthere is no aai#a%#e eidence to proe the a#ue of the sto#en propert$ or that the prosecution fai#ed to proe it, the correspondin" pena#t$ to %e imposed on the

accused?appe##ant shou#d %e the minimum pena#t$ correspondin" to theft ino#in"the a#ue of /:@@:CG

IN VIE) OF ALL TE FOREGOING, t)e petition i" ?RANTD. T)e De(i"ion o* t)e +ourt o* Appea'" in +A?.R. +R No. 1911 a**irmin& t)e De(i"ion o* t)e Re&iona'Tria' +ourt o* Ma'o'o", 4u'a(an, 4ran() 77, i" RVRSD an% ST ASID. T)epetitioner i" A+L6ITTD o* t)e (rime o* !io'atin& 17 *or t)e pro"e(ution;"*ai'ure to pro!e )i" &ui't beyon% rea"onab'e %oubt.

SO OR!ERE!.

Puno, (Chairman, *uisumbing, Austria"Martinez, an% inga, $$., (on(ur .

/10


73/164

/0 TSN, 18 Au&u"t 199, p. .

/50 TSN, 19 O(tober 199, p. .

/>0 TSN, 7 May 199, p. .

/=0 'd . at 8.

/80 TSN, 79 Mar() 1995, p. 5./90 TSN, > 2u'y 199, p. =.

/10 'd . at 11.

/110 'd . at 91.

/170 TSN, 7 No!ember 199, p. 1.

/10 )ibit +.

/10 0 2u'y 199, pp. 59>. @Ita'i(", our"

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