ALCOHOL DETECTION SYSTEM ABSTRACT How can it reliably be established that a person has consumed alcohol in amounts that are illegal and/or may cause harm to that person or others and may he works efficiently? Many people think of this as a relatively easy task, conjuring up images of the “falling down drunk,” although even this obvious display may be something else, for example, and diabetic shock. The reality is that even when people have high blood alcohol concentrations (BAC) known to cause significant impairment, it can be difficult for experts and laypersons alike to detect alcohol, especially among seasoned users and among people who wish to remain undetected. Detecting drugs other than alcohol presents its own set of problems, and in many cases the behavioral cues are less obvious than when alcohol has been consumed. At present drunken people have increased enormously and so is the deaths, crimes due to drunken people increases obviously. So there is a need for an effective system to check drunken peoples. In our alcohol detection system the breath of person is sensed by alcohol sensor. The sensor circuit is used to detect whether alcohol was consumed by that person recently. Our design also consists of a breath (MQ3) sensor which is used to check whether alcohol is Dr. J. J. Magdum College Of Engineering, Jaysingpur. Page 1
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ALCOHOL DETECTION SYSTEM
ABSTRACT
How can it reliably be established that a person has consumed alcohol in
amounts that are illegal and/or may cause harm to that person or others and may he
works efficiently? Many people think of this as a relatively easy task, conjuring up
images of the “falling down drunk,” although even this obvious display may be
something else, for example, and diabetic shock. The reality is that even when
people have high blood alcohol concentrations (BAC) known to cause significant
impairment, it can be difficult for experts and laypersons alike to detect alcohol,
especially among seasoned users and among people who wish to remain
undetected. Detecting drugs other than alcohol presents its own set of problems,
and in many cases the behavioral cues are less obvious than when alcohol has been
consumed. At present drunken people have increased enormously and so is the
deaths, crimes due to drunken people increases obviously. So there is a need for an
effective system to check drunken peoples.
In our alcohol detection system the breath of person is sensed by alcohol
sensor. The sensor circuit is used to detect whether alcohol was consumed by that
person recently. Our design also consists of a breath (MQ3) sensor which is used to
check whether alcohol is consumed while driving. In addition to this particular
device we have added thermal printer which will provide receipt containing
information such as amount of alcohol detected and fine accordingly and also there
is pc interface to keep the record of how much fine is collected over a particular
period.
The overall objective of this system is to keep eye on suspects happening
due to alcohol drinkers and to perform accuracy in work while detecting and
preventing alcohol drinkers.
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ALCOHOL DETECTION SYSTEM
INDEXSr. No. Particulars Page No.
1 Introduction 5
2 Literature survey 14
3 Block Diagram 184 Circuit Diagram 215 List of Components
The AT24C32/64 provides 32,768/65,536 bits of serial electrically erasable
and programmable read only memory (EEPROM) organized as 4096/8192 words
of 8 bits each. The device’s cascadable feature allows up to 8 devices to share a
common 2-wire bus. The device is optimized for use in many industrial and
commercial applications, where low power and low voltage operation are essential.
The AT24C32/64 is available in space saving 8-pin JEDEC PDIP, 8-pin
JEDEC SOIC, 8-pin EIAJ SOIC, and 8-pin TSSOP (AT24C64) package.
5.5.3 PIN CONFIGURATION OF EEPROM
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Table 5.5.3.1 Pin configuration of EEPROM
Fig5.5.3.1 Pin out of EEPROM
5.5.4 PIN DESCRIPTION
SERIAL CLOCK (SCL): The SCL input is used to positive edge clock data into
each EEPROM device and negative edge clock data out of each device.
SERIAL DATA (SDA): The SDA pin is bidirectional for serial data transfer. This
pin is open-drain driven and may be wire-O Red with any number of other open-
drain or open collector devices.
DEVICE/PAGE ADDRESSES (A2, A1, A0): The A2, A1 and A0 pins are device address inputs that are hard wired or
left not connected for hardware compatibility with AT24C16. When the pins are
hardwired, as many as eight 32K/64K devices may be addressed on a single bus
system (device addressing is discussed in detail under the Device Addressing
section). When the pins are not hardwired, the default A2, A1, and A0 are zero.
WRITE PROTECT (WP):
The write protect input, when tied to GND, allows normal write operations.
When WP is tied high to VCC, all write operations to the upper quandrant (8/16K
bits) of memory are inhibited. If left unconnected, WP is internally pulled down to
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ALCOHOL DETECTION SYSTEM
GND.
5.6 KEYPAD INTERFACING
Fig5.6.1. Keypad Interfacing
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5.6.1 KEYPAD CONNECTION
Fig5.6.1.1Keypad connection
5.7 MAX 232
It is a voltage converter device in which it converts the TTL logic level to
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the RS-232 voltage level and vice versa. So it is also referred as line driver. The
MAX-232 is interface with PC and operates at +5V power supply.
Also MAX-232 is provides the ESD protection to the RS-232 input and
output pins.
5.7.1 MAX-232 INTERFACING
Fig5.7.1.1 MAX232 Interfacing
5.7.2 DISCRIPTION OF MAX-232
The MAX202E–MAX213E, MAX232E/MAX241E consists of three
sections: charge-pump voltage converters, drivers (transmitters), and receivers.
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These E versions provide extra protection against ESD. They survive ±15kV
discharges to the RS-232 inputs and outputs, tested using the Human Body Model.
When tested according to IEC1000-4-2, they survive ±8kV contact discharges and
±15kV air-gap discharges.
The rugged E versions are intended for use in harsh environments or
applications where the RS-232 connection is frequently changed (such as notebook
computers). The standard (non-“E”) MAX202, MAX203, MAX205–MAX208,
MAX211, MAX213, MAX232, and MAX241 are recommended for applications
where cost is critical.
Voltage Converter
The +5V to ±10V conversion is performed by dual charge-pump voltage
converters (Figure 4). The first charge-pump converter uses capacitor C1 to double
the +5V into +10V, storing the +10V on the output filter capacitor, C3. The second
uses C2 to invert the +10V into -10V, storing the -10V on the V- output filter
capacitor, C4. In shutdown mode, V+ is internally connected to VCC by a 1k½
pull-down resistor, and V- is internally connected to ground by a 1k½ pull-up
resistor.
RS-232 Drivers
With VCC = 5V, the typical driver output voltage swing is ±8V when
loaded with a nominal 5k½ RS-232 receiver. The output swing is guaranteed to
meet EIA/TIA-232E and V.28 specifications that call for ±5V minimum output
levels under worst-case conditions. These include a 3k½ load, minimum VCC, and
Maximum operating temperature. The open-circuit output voltage swings from (V+
- 0.6V) to V-. Input thresholds are CMOS/TTL compatible. The unused drivers’
inputs on the MAX205E–MAX208E, MAX211E, MAX213E, and MAX241E can
be left Unconnected because 400k½ pull-up resistors to VCC are included on-chip.
Since all drivers invert, the pull up resistors force the unused drivers’ outputs low.
The MAX202E, MAX203E, and MAX232E do not have pull up resistors
on the transmitter inputs.
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RS-232 Receivers
The receivers convert the RS-232 signals to CMOS-logic output levels.
The guaranteed 0.8V and 2.4V receiver input thresholds are significantly tighter
than the ±3V thresholds required by the EIA/TIA-232E specification. This allows
the receiver inputs to respond to TTL/CMOS logic levels, as well as RS-232 levels.
The guaranteed 0.8V input low threshold ensures that receivers shorted to ground
have logic 1 output. The 5k½ input resistances to ground ensures that a receiver
with its input left open will also have logic 1 output. Receiver inputs have
approximately 0.5V hysteresis. This provides clean output transitions, even with
slow rise/fall-time signals with moderate amounts of noise and ringing. In
shutdown, the MAX213E’s R4 and R5 receivers have no hysteresis.
RS–232 SPECIFICATIONS
RS–232 is a “complete” standard. This means that the standard sets out to
ensure compatibility between the host and peripheral systems by specifying 1)
common voltage and signal levels, 2)common pin wiring configurations, and 3) a
minimal amount of control information between the host and peripheral systems.
Unlike many standards which simply specify the electrical characteristics of a
given interface, RS–232 specifies electrical, functional, and mechanical
characteristics in order to meet the above three criteria.
5.8 THERMAL PRINTER
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Fig 5.8.1
Thermal Printer
Operates on 5V DC & 1.5A average current. Size :85(W) x 76(L) x 43(H) mm Uses RS-232 level signals for serial interface. Uses Thermo chromic paper for printer
A thermal printer (or direct thermal printer) produces a printed
image by selectively heating coated thermo chromic paper, or thermal paper as it is
commonly known, when the paper passes over the thermal print. The coating
turns black in the areas where it is heated, producing an image. Two-color direct
thermal printers can print both black and an additional color (often red) by
applying heat at two different temperatures.
Thermal transfer printing is a related method that uses a heat-sensitive
ribbon instead of heat-sensitive paper.
A thermal printer comprises these key components:
Thermal head — generates heat; prints on paper
Platen — a rubber roller that feeds paper
Spring — applies pressure to the thermal head, causing it to contact the thermo-
sensitive paper
Controller boards — for controlling the mechanism
In order to print, thermo-sensitive paper is inserted between the
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thermal head and the platen. The printer sends an electrical current to the heating
elements of the thermal head, which generate heat. The heat activates the thermo-
sensitive coloring layer of the thermo-sensitive paper, which changes color where
heated. Such a printing mechanism is known as a thermal system or direct
system. The heating elements are usually arranged as a matrix of small closely-
spaced dots—thermal printers are actually dot-matrix printers, though they are not
so called.
The paper is impregnated with a solid-state mixture of a dye and a
suitable matrix; a combination of a fluoranleucodye and an octadecylphosphonic
acid is an example. When the matrix is heated above its melting point, the dye
reacts with the acid, shifts to its colored form, and the changed form is then
conserved in metastable state when the matrix solidifies back quickly enough. See
thermochromism.
Controller boards are embedded with firmware to manage the thermal
printer mechanisms. The Firmware can manage multiple bar code types, graphics
and logos. They enable the user to choose between different resident fonts (also
including Asian fonts) and character sizes.
Controller boards can drive various sensors such as paper low, paper
out, door open, top of form etc., and they are available with a variety of interfaces,
such as RS-232, parallel, USB and wireless. For point of sale application some
boards can also control the cash drawer.
Thermal printers print more quietly and usually faster than impact dot
matrix printers. They are also smaller, lighter and consume less power, making
them ideal for portable and retail applications. Cost of thermal paper, their only
consumable, was somewhat less than US$0.10 per sheet as of 2010. By
comparison, one study of the per page cost of color inkjet printers [3] found cost of
third-party ink cartridge and paper to be about $0.05 per page (some low-capacity
cartridges are more expensive to use). Roll-based printers can be rapidly refilled.
Commercial applications of thermal printers include filling station pumps,
information kiosks, point of sale systems, voucher printers in slot machines, print
on demand labels for shipping and products, and for recording live rhythm strips on
hospital cardiac monitors.
Through the 1990s many fax machines used thermal printing
technology. Toward the beginning of the 21st century, however, thermal wax
transfer, laser, and inkjet printing technology largely supplanted thermal printing
technology in fax machines, allowing printing on plain paper.
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The Game Boy Printer, made in 1998, was a small thermal printer used
to print out certain elements from some Game Boy games. Early formulations of
the thermo-sensitive coating used in thermal paper were sensitive to incidental
heat, abrasion, friction (which can cause heat, thus darkening the paper), light
(which can fade printed images), and water. Later thermal coating formulations are
far more stable; theoretically, thermally-printed text should remain legible at least
50 years.
Hospitals commonly record fetal ultrasound scan images on thermal
paper. This can cause problems if the parents wish to preserve the image by
laminating it, as the heat of most laminators will darken the entire page—this can
be tested for beforehand on an unimportant thermal print. An option is to make and
laminate a permanent ink duplicate of the image.
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CHAPTER 6SOFTWARE
DEVELOPMENT
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6. SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT6.1 FLOW CHART OF MAIN PROGRAM:
No
Yes
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START
Initialize Serial Comm., Buffers, I/O Devices, etc….
Initialize Interrupt and Hardware
Take analog input of Sensor and give it to ADC for conversion.
Take digital input from ADC and give it to µC for processing.
Is Alcohol Detecte
d?
Check for the level of alcohol detected.
Store the data in EEPROM memory.
Print the report and Fine charged through Thermal Printer.
Input Vehicle Number and Date through keypad.
STOP
START
CALL DELAY
SEND COMMAND
SELECT REGISTER
ENABLE LCD
SEND DATA
CALL DATA ROUTINE
CALL DELAY
STOP
ALCOHOL DETECTION SYSTEM
6.2 FLOW CHART FOR LCD INTERFACING
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START
TAKE DATA FROM P1 TO ACCUMULATOR
REPEAT PROCESS
COMPARE WITH KEY ADDRESS OR DATA
DISPLAY CHARACTER
ALCOHOL DETECTION SYSTEM
6.3 FLOW CHART FOR KEYPAD INTERFACING
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CHAPTER 7ADVANTAGES
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7. ADVANTAGES
1. Easy and Efficient To Test Alcohol detection system is portable hand held devices that are easy to handle and provide quick results. The design and material of Alcohol detection system make it strong to use on field and withstand rough field conditions. The breathalyzers consists of three parts: a mouthpiece, two glass vials containing chemical reaction mixture, and photocells to measure color change. The breathalyzers can easily fit in bag, or purse making it easy to carry anywhere. The portable nature of alcohol detection system makes it a suitable device for random alcohol testing at workplaces, industries etc. The subject has to blow into the mouthpiece and results are displayed in few seconds. Keeping a portable breathalyzers at workplaces makes alcohol monitoring easy and causes very less disruptions during work time. It is difficult to tamper breathalyzers result.
2. Quick and Accurate Results Breathalyzers provide quick and accurate results in few seconds. The alcohol detection sensor in breathalyzers is sensitive enough to detect presence of alcohol with considerable BAC accuracy. The sensor is build strong enough to provide accurate results for several times. The breathalyzers are passed through various quality assurance tests and strict quality requirements. Although portable breathalyzers provide results with considerable accuracy, more advanced types of breathalyzers like Intoxilyzer and Alco sensor can detect alcohol with greater efficiency. Portable breathalyzers are used for preliminary breath test (PBT) and its results are not court admissible. However, the results given by Intoxilyzer are court admissible while that of Alco sensor are not.
3. Helpful For Organizations and Police The law enforcement officers use breathalyzers on highways and roads to check drunken driving that can lead to accidents. Every year large number of accidents occurs on highways and roads due to drunken driving. Drivers who drink and drive put their life as well as others lives at risk. Breathalyzers prove to be an effective tool in checking drunken driving and prevailing of safe driving conditions on highways and roads.
4. Alcohol abuse leads to low productivity, absenteeism, and accidents at workplaces, industries and offices. A lot of alcohol related crimes, injuries can occur at workplaces. There is higher possibility that persons addicted to alcohol can harm themselves or injure others at workplaces. The breathalyzers can help to maintain a safe and productive environment at workplaces. Using breathalyzers for alcohol detection is also a non-invasive way of detection. Even alcohol consumers can use personal breathalyzers which are inexpensive to pre-examine themselves for level of alcohol in blood before driving. As Alcohol testing in laboratories takes more time, breathalyzers provide an easy, quick, and reliable way for alcohol testing at homes, colleges, offices, and highways.
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CHAPTER 8APPLICATIONS
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8. APPLICATIONS
1) In Companies for high performance by Workers.
If the worker found drunk he is not allowed
to work.
2) In Car for Automatic Engine Ignition Off.
Here if the person detected certain alcohol the car will not start.
GM, Toyota and a few others are working under the Driver Alcohol Detection System for Safety, which is a $10 million federal program for mass production of this unit.
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CHAPTER 9FUTURE DEMAND
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9. FUTURE DEMANDS
o In the future, alcohol interlocks may be a standard feature on all vehicles.
o In order to achieve general acceptance, this technology must be unobtrusive,
fast, accurate, reliable, and repeatable.
o It must also be functional across a wide range of driving and environmental
conditions, require little or no maintenance, and are tamper and circumvention
resistant.
CONSUMER BUY-IN IS CRITICAL
Technology will be effective only if the driving public welcomes and
accepts it:
58 percent of U.S. public supports smart technology to prevent alcohol-
impaired driving
56 percent of Canadian public agree that all new vehicles be equipped with
driver alcohol detection device that prevents starting if the driver is over a
preset limit
37 percent of U.K. public supports requiring all new drivers to use
equipment that tests them for alcohol before starting their car
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CHAPTER 10CONCLUSION
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10. CONCLUSION
The device performed well for a prototype. The whole system worked
functional very well; it was able to read in values, display the correct/expected BAC
value, and send the operation signal when programmed to do so. There were some
errors which showed up in the prototype. The semiconductor sensor needed to be
operated in the linear region to get reliable results, however the BAC values that
would occur in the normal operation of the device would sometimes be well below
this range.
An alcohol interlock requires a driver to perform a breath test to start a
vehicle, and provide repeated breath samples while the vehicle is in use.
Advances in alcohol interlock technology have overcome many of the
limitations associated with earlier devices.
Technical standards and certification requirements govern the use of delivery
of these devices across jurisdictions.
Devices can withstand many environmental influences and have a variety of
programmable features.
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COMPANIES
The companies which are developing this system:-
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CHAPTER 11REFERENCES
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