Film Production-- Making the Movie The Process Preproduction Research, Scriptwriting, Storyboards, Shooting Scripts, Funding, Locations, Auditions Production Capturing images & sounds; working with actors-- lighting, sets, costumes, movement, music, sound effects Post-production Editing, motion graphics, color correction, sound mix, score, Foley, etc Distribution and Marketing Film festivals, Markets, Theatrical, Online, DIY, Transmedia
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Post-productionEditing, motion graphics, color correction, sound mix, score, Foley, etc
Distribution and MarketingFilm festivals, Markets, Theatrical, Online, DIY, Transmedia
Transmedia
“Transmedia storytelling represents a process where integral elements of a fiction get dispersed systematically across multiple delivery channels for the purpose of creating a unified and coordinated entertainment
experience.” Henry Jenkins
» Hope is Missing -- a social media driven ARG
“Transmedia storytelling represents a process where integral elements of a fiction get dispersed systematically across multiple delivery channels for the purpose of creating a unified and coordinated entertainment
• Films that are produced within a particular period and/or nation and that share significant traits of style and form.E.g. German Expressionism, Soviet Montage, Italian Neo-realism, etc…
• Filmmakers who operate within a common production structure and who share certain assumptions about filmmaking.
Film Criticism
Film criticism is connected to the cultural criticism that developed in the 20th century and relates to the study of photography, art, media, linguistics and criticism.
• Stanford, governor of CA, wanted to see if all four hooves of horse came off the ground at same time. EM set up series of cameras with trip wires across the track.
Women in Motion
• Muybridge studied the body (particularly the woman’s body) in motion… Was it science? Was it art? Something else?
Early Cinema Names1893-1903
• Etienne-Jules Marey--camera, projector parts• George Eastman--celluloid• Thomas Edison/Dickson--kinetoscope, Black Maria• Lumiere brothers--Project onto screen• George Melies--magician, first special effects
• Independents in CA by 20s--Famous Players Lasky (Paramount), MGM, Fox, Warner Bros, Universal
• Development of continuity system
Continuity system
• Eyeline Matches
• Shot/Reverse shot
• Axis-of-action (180 degree rule)
• Match on action
• Establishing shots
Ex: Record a conversation at table
German Expressionism1919-1926
Emphasis on mise-en- scene--distorted shapes, heavy makeup, exaggerated movements.
“The film image must become graphic art.” Hermann Warm, designer of “Caligari” “Film must be drawings brought to life.”
Kracauer--symbolic power
• “The revolutionary meaning of the story reveals itself unmistakably at the end, with the disclosure of the psychiatrist as Caligari: reason overpowers unreasonable power, insane authority is symbolically abolished.” Siegfried Kracauer, 1947
Soviet Montage1924-1930
Vertov, Kuleshov, Pudovkin, Eisenstein
“Of all the arts, for us the cinema is the most important.” Lenin 1922
Emphasis on editing and action
Eisenstein’s intellectual montage--juxtaposing images to create a concept--often a revolutionary “collision” between a “collective hero”--the proletariat--and the enemy--the bourgeoisie
Watch “Strike”
French Impressionism & Surrealism1918-1930
Emphasis on internal psychology, dreams, flashbacks, emotion.
Point of view shots, distorted images, new lenses, cameras on roller skates--mobile frames.
Surrealist Salvador Dali, Luis Bunuel--anti-narrative, anti-rational. (“Un Chien Andalou,” 1928)
Walter Benjamin Work of Art in Age of Mechanical Reproduction
• “Mechanical reproduction of art changes the reaction of the masses toward art.”
• “Dadaism attempted to create by pictorial--and literary--means the effects which the public seeks in the film.” See Duchamp
• ““I can no longer think what I want to think. My thoughts have been replaced by moving images.” Duhamel
• Iconic--Signifier has resemblance to object it represents. E.g. photograph, portrait, sound effects on radio
• Indexical--Factual connection to object, indicator. E.g. Smoke indicates fire, shadow indicates presence, film=?.
• Symbolic--Abstract relation to signified. E.g. Stop sign, language, burkas
Classical narrative structure--Aristotelian
• "A chain of events linked by cause and effect and occurring in time and space.”
• Protagonist/Antagonist--conflicting goals and motivations
• CHC--Cause/effect structure with closure?
Film Narration
• “The process by which the plot presents story information to the spectator.”
Forms of narration and terms to know:Restricted; Unrestricted degrees of knowledge;
Objectivity/Subjectivity; Omniscient/3rd Person
Point of view shot; hierarchy of knowledge; character or noncharacter narrators.
Bordwell-- Forms of Cinematic MeaningStory and Plot
• Referential--constructed world of film• Explicit--abstract, thematic meaning, stated• Implicit--thematic meaning, not stated overtly• Symptomatic--meaning unknown to filmmaker
Other terms to know:• Diegesis; Non/extra-diegesis (Look them up…)