• Give four examples of hybridity involving specific religious traditions. • Explain three theories of culture using the cartoon shown today. • Explain Geertz’s definition of religion using examples from any two traditions. 1 • Congratulations on submitting!!! • If you’re not done and need help, please ask • RLG101H: focus on writing ➡ General issues of structure, academic conventions, etc. ➡ Use of theory to interpret data ➡ Support of arguments with evidence 4 Film Analysis
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• Give four examples of hybridity involving specific religious traditions.
• Explain three theories of culture using the cartoon shown today.
• Explain Geertz’s definition of religion using examples from any two traditions.
1
• Congratulations on submitting!!!
• If you’re not done and need help, please ask
• RLG101H: focus on writing
➡ General issues of structure, academic conventions, etc.
➡ Use of theory to interpret data
➡ Support of arguments with evidence
4
Film Analysis
7. Culture
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Today• Field Research Analysis
• “Text” + Lady Gaga
• Culture
1. Hybridity/syncretism
2. Theories of culture
3. Field research exercise
• Final exam
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Field Research Analysis
• Instructions on Quercus
• Deadlines (submit everything to Quercus):
➡ Contract due Nov. 8 (with penalty)
➡ Photo + observations due Nov. 10
➡ Outline due Nov. 10
➡ Graded for completion only
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Quercus documents for Outline:
1. Instructions
2. Form
Tutorial next week (Nov. 7):
• Bring draft of completed Field Research Outline Form (2 copies)
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Field Research Analysis
Quercus documents for final assignment:
1. Instructions
2. Advice + example paragraphs
3. Example paragraphs with comments
4. Grading rubric
5. Theories!
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Field Research Analysis
➡ Meant to HELP you with Nye’s text (does not REPLACE Nye’s text!)
• Question: “What do your observations of the religious service reveal about that service in relation to 2 theories of power?” (or gender or culture)
• NOT looking for “answers”
• Offer an interpretation of the data
• Construct an argument based on evidence
• Audience: people who know NOTHING about religion (write for high school student!)
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Field Research Analysis
• What is the meaning of a specific religious practice, symbol, object, etc.?
➡ Usually about insider perspective
➡ NOT what this assignment is about
➡ No additional research!
➡ Go beyond obvious/surface meanings
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Field Research Analysis
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Field Research Analysis
• 5 paragraphs:
1. Description of observations 1
2. Analysis of observations 1
3. Description of observations 2
4. Analysis of observations 2
5. Reflection
Pattern 1
Theory 1
Pattern 2
Theory 2
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Field Research Analysis
• Sample paragraphs: pattern/theme = blankets
• Analysis: use Durkheim’s theory that ritual creates relationships (from chapter 6)
➡ Cannot use this theory in your assignment!
IGUANA!
“Text” + Lady Gaga
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Meaning of Texts?
Author – Text – Reader
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• Authorship (p. 169–71): Michel Foucault + Roland Barthes
• Readers (p. 176–78):Wolfgang Iser + Stanley Fish
• Gender (p. 178): Judith Fetterley + Julia Leslie
• Language + interpretation (p. 158–59): Jacques Derrida
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Authorship
• Two issues re: meaning of a text:
1. Barthes: “Death” of the author(=author’s intent is NOT important in determining the meaning[s] of a text)
2. Foucault: author’s identity IS important in determining the meaning(s) of a text(status, expertise, gender, etc.)
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Jacques Derrida• The meanings of texts are variable➡ Unstable links between words + reality
➡ Meaning of words not fixed
➡ Meaning affected by changes in history, geography, context, author, reader, etc.
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“Monster”?Christian cross?
(Nye p. 137)
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Possible Meanings• “Monster”
➡ Evil creature
➡ Outcast, marginalized creature/person
• Christian cross
➡ Symbol of Christianity
➡ Symbol of peace, love, sacrifice
➡ Symbol of colonialism, genocide 23
Possible Meanings• “Monster” + cross = ?
➡ Christianity is evil.
➡ Christianity is (or should be) about love for those who are marginalized.
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“For I was hungry and you gave me food, I was thirsty and you gave me something to drink, I was
a stranger and you welcomed me, I was naked and you gave me clothing, I was sick and you took care of me, I was in prison and you visited me. . . .
Truly I tell you, just as you did it to one of the least of these who are members of my family, you
did it to me.” (Matthew 25: 35–40)
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“You are from your father the devil.” (John 8:44)
“His blood be on our hands and on the hands of our children.”
(Matthew 25:27)
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Jacques Derrida1. Texts are important 2. The meanings of texts are variable
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Culture!
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• What is “culture”?
➡ Everything!
• What do we study (when we study culture)?
➡ Everything!
• Religions change over time, culture, etc.
➡ Three Christianities; Muslim bride in Bulgaria
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Culture: Review
Culture
• Culture / religion: always changing➡ Hybridity (syncretism) = mix of different
cultures / religions (e.g., James Clifford)
➡ New circumstances/ideas/technology(not necessarily the same as hybridity)
➡ Result of mixing is often hard to understand / predict
➡ May be very POSITIVE 31 32
Song!
• “Stadium Pow Wow” by A Tribe Called Red, featuring Black Bear (2016)
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In Praise of Mixed Religion
by William Harrison
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Princess LeiaStar Wars IV: A New Hope
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Loch Ness Monster = Naga (Buddhism)
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Spider-Man 2 44
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#MuslimRage
• NO BEEF PEPPERONI AT PIZZA HUT?! #MuslimRage
• my dad when Pakistan’s cricket team loses #MuslimRage
• no WiFi in the mosque #MuslimRage
• Lost your kid “Jihad” at the airport. Can't yell for him. #MuslimRage
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Anchored by a strong Jewish identity and driven by a mission to connect Jews around the globe with their heritage through music, professional
Jewish a cappella group Six13 are the originators of today’s Jewish a cappella sound.