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by tiaz Schneider
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- Bulletin E No. 14'
RAL SECURITY
° Education
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CHILDREN AND TEACHER
g AND
II
On 'Mir t.oneern icJ
OGETI
k GET I .
On Activities g Ain the 04-13.i
rt% !flair .provernern..
o "Free" Time
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Extending Experiences OuisiAle the Classroom
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UNITED STATESGOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON : 1952
4
_ 14.
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For side by tim ijf Dm=ments,4. U. S. Government Printing OSee, WaAin«a
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children to feel at t10rilt) ()neeallow for work. rest, relaxation,
of ,being therematerials satisfies curious minds. But must of alt usiashc about going tounderstands them. In trimgroup the) kno_v1 thatout that the\ much t [Five.
d ct tf resourcewhen children
they f the teacher likes R11i-
are en-
feel,N ikr her. Lew,
-Jaye come to SChool to learn, and tney
gowschoo ext-wrieL
harmony,is rri-C_a'-1_
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The
eachDV I
teacner is uchildren, observingco ming nuamten wi
develop t h (74e feelings?(.1h i
which1_ ar naDDv, Ini 1 i
-n.,\.rtwrne a--71.ic_in iii achieverpent.dater' inert r
kr _wrson iri all t
1-In as they worktheir paren
'ma recor litho(,o,. the nurse, and other eopIc
"Working
pri
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lit
them outteachers1.11 0.11 Wor-
t
achievementeverYdavItin they e
Isi
1 she can z
alone and with oti ers,ano comer-ring in their notne,
the school, and talking with teachers,who know the children.
together has a simitcnance to 4eltk about themselves. The teacher ht=simple rules about usmv oilf=1 rooms, lc about
oun(I children haythem Irani how to. make
ielT (ky:11 room. going_to the playgroup ,et out and putting away mater=1 to select games to
stories to dramattre. or songs to sin?paint, work with c.When there scohelps the boys an
to choose what tnev want to)0k at Imoks. wito toyc or take care ot
.
-1 choice. cir (]-(1rL are beyond capacities. tiv- techerarrive at conclusions that are -mod for them.
The teacher encourages children who like to be together to work and play-with one another. She Is sensitive, however, to the needs of those who seem
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T'iiildren and Fork Toralmon....--eart
4
OST CHILDREN like to go
school, flexible which
14th001 it is beicueto
they soon findhave
9 children They develop ofin
And,way in
She liaras aleand play le-
cumulative by
beginning.
play,dci--
play lets.
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ROW ei-HT_AIEN AND LEACHER WOAK TOGETHER 3
.s she, :n her adult way 'ofrf looking at tngs, thinks they ought to go.This does not mean there is turmoil, frustration, or complete freedom.Rather; the teacher realizes that children learn through their mista4es aswell as through their successes. Through a question here and a suggesonthere, she leads them to evaluate their way of _working and tfieir achieve-
and to remaKe their plans so that they may reacn tneir goals.may need to change the personnel of a group that is having troublewith the children as they work.
Some of the "working together"teacher and a pupil.
a
is a very personal thin De ween theThe teacher helps the child examine his strengthsanti weaKnesse-s and plan steps to take so that he may in his own way de-velop greater skill. A child usually needs guidance in learning to read, to ,write, to spell, and to accompii
pendent, in w9rking with people, in playing games; in short, in achievingthose things which are important to him, his parents or teacher, or to thegroup of Which he is a member.
otner skills involved in becoming inde-
"working together"Sometimes the
k
involves the nentire aroup as for in-stance, when the work of the whole day is king planned or when the activityinvolves everyone in the class. Although goals may Lyz. set by all, usually theactual work involved in achieving the goa s orsmall committees. The teacher takes time to disAliss with the whole group
is carried out by
and Lnen wit the cnairmen and committee m'e :71---rs of eac Cogroup re-sponsibilities of a pupil chairman, and similarly, the responsibilities of thecommittee mernirs. When committeesmittee meinimrs, sometime with the
a
work in a new exnenenee the com-.-
VA.1,2 a take time out to aiscu&s certainskills essential to working togethergiving every member a chance togiving each a responsibility, working witnout wasting time, using materialswisely, taking brief notes without copying dirmtly from the book, recon.structing themotes and one's own ideas into interesting reports. i 1 e Com
, .mitteca report back to the whole group when they are ready. They report indifferent ways. Some give oral reports or written reports; some use illustra-
some dramathations-9 others prsent their rts in the form of radio
brc-t,---dcasts or panel dkussions.Sometimes whole school worm for-, .erfN
uEi;R'!:I appreciate help in áing care of te Icops and
Ifl LU1= fHJflJf!- wrap* lt 13 fl-UCfl fl13fl jIflC-rta1fl than it seems to-r
child can easily !t ticieflhlly belongings
I
wu U nis own *1 gives nun a sense Ot security
Besides becoming acquainted with each other. we =wt t} We12rI1ed to u the kierTirtyi entrance ai we learned wheie tie materials used
1
were We our large r:Iav:c!uI11s and our own per ,'
titular ia-ound. Then we wert aboit the setiooI building tc- !inc out wei tJeTwvi J
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w tt. .
_ tI LC1 WVL LLM4VU. superintendent RIHI 5eC1':
tary who OWSd 11$ th& Cfh BlOt th L11 U18 W1 04ff t)K WhO St1OWdattie itehn sled the;
-
S ,5 J exciting to e- throlih tht tunnel .
to the Activity !1Ui1L3=iflg where the baktha1I =mea ai ri!ncLd
ScieLec I1! 1womi most intejsiing to the 5 4y.aoIdi, We hive observ.f panil care1 for a tun!. and flIwr us wjth pair .1
: b-i4ich the rthi P4y" j j" a F;IUI
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EachDo
We Be
were
really
PAUXTS,
the question
teacher and
ones'isms; of what to now.buy/ getting ,aqquainted
getyou how your
all of
instead of a feeling of irutration.learned building.
kindergarten bipkred
metTie
.1
storeroom. wag
andOda* Mane presented a
kinte named Wo saw,tJ I
.,%et.
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strip hamsterson h. enftz Wefi__ tff.1dewJorhaws until they were quite grown IP. _
toT pets properly develops a great sense of re5r---n__t--
-4
11.4 time UI s
to clean the cages ape carein the children.
lovely withBesides the pets, we have a terrArium manlwe -1:-=43 have a rock collection and a awl
setting started with an arrayour science corner is verv much
day we vary Our
lack wainutsalive, thanks
1--APM
br-ction. Our nut collections are tuo4hickory nut& and chestnut& All in allto your
m with songs, records,ivs and girlsc}d FAories, and poems. Thechildren already have dramatized two of the stories. All of interesting activitIv-ether with rnvthir handwork; games
-nsive and meanin.happy individual.
Judy, who had aAi-lay I suaff----Ki
cit-zirs and out ot doorsdevelop your child
iyin,_=0 a cornpre-.
keep nun a
Septembcr birthday, gave the class a beautiful farm stif You are rnding a birthday treat at =omr time or oabout it first? (-
I'd like to mention a very wo whilemade two bright-c-oloredTbe I*mind wrote aelse
in ow- kindergarten.of interest.
project which the chilittleicture or the
tit h,ro, with an tinexteti giftthis u_,s given you a
From time to t
our
e idea
= who" enjoyed._L CL a
to ale
:=.s an ivrrable &-f
ilaren were delighted to make someone
of what off from dayon. to day
I write to you about our new centersThank you for your tiowerb and plants which make our roomdrop in and have a short visit at vou: convenience.
Cordially yours.
ceived a letter fromwanted them ta town into a city.
The class first discussed the question -nat makes anv ell
dren in a southern tit_
a Hun 1 atii
11 about their
bov whoci
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*********
pleased when they re-Iregon. The boy
iwn from
-
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grow?" in aense, they reviewed an earlier unit and came up with ch things asland, raw materials, oad harbors, and means of zransportation. When theytried to decide which of these andir V_AV-V%)- I
°tilercity, they found they needed
With the helD of the teacher,
helped in the c";.--w, ofinformation from the A:immunity.
hildren made a list of the differentcitizens, governmental agencies, organisations, and dher sources which couldgive them the data they needed.The class then divided into committees, according
kikchose a chairman and
ir interviews wu made. One memberfor an appointme, on the day oxittalked with persons to be interviewed tcto la
Were:children call On
.7wouldand
_
-721- 0Aitt
So interest. Each coin-questions wanted &tO
each committee till&information. The
ey would w--mum_w
w.w.
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'4;4trial
0-
10 HOW mummy AND Una= WM& rekaniu ' J
the wee
kinds of plants.
of
Each
these
program that helps to and
to talk
Theybooksstory
1 bope writo-upis
I
very
S `41
The fifth-gradewerelived
tell especially it had
farm
things had
the
mittee a secretary. A list of theyinofphoned
for collectingteacherbe sure be)4'
, Abeunderstand the purposes ofthe
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centrn;,v located than ahe scriool, thmycerai mothers watt to the rary--the
the interviews were completed. ththe fibrarv where they had an opportuni*ty- to ase-mble and
a gathered. Books, copies of old newspapers andource materials were used to round out reports.next day,
reports were mil_oup made
toiciers, and rn
ts report 0 the class.
!tie tirt. ut., who. undoubtedly inspntion about
1g
1
a'disnt city was pleased
-ncludexi in thecomplete report was sent to
teacher to get informa-e report.
z fourth-grade pupils (the oldest group in the school) were having ameeting. The president -r-vned the meeting.
The minutes were read and approved. The secretary done a goodjob in writing the minutes.=
t_irs inoneFrbr
cards to chi
order ot business was the appointmem a committee toe Cairiena.
sugrrestedne room wnorim in
Iv nice to sendsick. Someone e
since &icy, were the oldest ( hiIden in the school the- one
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to semi them toanyone who was sick, not just to the furgraders. motion to this effectwas made and carried.
A girl asked to be r-oz
always puitiA 5_
gy &_e
6---ited. She said, Imeone who sits near m,
his feet on my chair.uirmed self-conmious
4-4-1, a,Ina&Another child said promptly 9
1,
disturbing when I try to -ork."
not A Ann is tnere are only a few people who could do that -Tv
of namingagreed that
names should neve!' lw mentioned in our meetings wnen it wassomethiPff bad. Ann ought to tell the teacher quietly."followed indicated that the other children agreeci.
child askea, frontf t teacner takes something awayA
get it back?"The presiaenrr-fiele was I motion
ICI. We have a mot on fp,
rie silence which
ft-nA a second, lav-irin- the return ofdiscussion which
"erkvs might need it."!lowed was obi MAI ve:
r_. a
-Ms on us valu"---you just want t 0 throw It awayt,
you
they. are just nia sne =gni keep diem Win e end oi thet I -1-
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1 -9 0 '5year. Oil* material oughz toA 5cl -pack so we an FIE-7-12=ee
At Jug point the Want asked speak. Araterg
c5 A E. G5
By- the intaident, s) said "I want to show you wine things i haveef.way. showed t w a corning*, a knife, a pencil, a paper
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stage.
needed.making sat chiir
her
paper, ruler,
painted. pleased."sun, t6 earth, the moon, in creative
wall posters, eachlongBoys." the be back
vlope
the back of the room was a large cage, &bout 3 by 4 feet, holding aof
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terch_
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HOW al E N
fF
le .0 ,y`
AND TACHER Weitit TOGETH R
he, "Th
a questionsvvas t-
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vhtstors pe"d a toin this bow t.
1
the
Irrn
eic_avating
drink her. Ever'trim on
pw we want a
VE
0
Th
we t Jean
and
--s the t t
lot- the school annex, They aStounclatiorab-0141 tie viat-hmer
were
Ing tnetr curictsth antinterest with the comm.-T-1, "I wonder)-rt
about areIna tin Alter V
= tie teacher lic1pd thrsame Kiti-UF-rd deepet
of rkng ha changedkinds of machines you are karning
f'iriN Ir but -yen Liig P- ILK building 'ere bum__
speculation, then -ire to find out nii did wotk. teacherand children found re-athix* htch would
ate-11r4 picture!f1 movies,
L.Tent answer tht-lr qui-Awns.formation in the Ii hr g \ 3114_ at horn
newspaperwrote th
-porter vt.-iti seemsa ciassrourn n aciittii.
There kb a linkfor more 1: Wit ri
ti i"t .16
'1ri u1 Roosevelt
itr-rrst
tcrarilia
6Iuitrpafound additiona
in it local
=1, i=t_wr.)
ich-_*0--Nrit matt -radr-tik. the tini ttx- -*1 rr S _
°conversation, .sit- 1! 11.# .1
--=#1 t tv=-- F,aft k Km the
,
hoursingr t_k it
They are theNewspapers,orn y_tif-f4 room.heavy cars Isoard cores f newsprint IC and 133 ot them wrnt into thc construction
Inc education department
andw-sr-ncr but t VcAitii,-,7strrt
hcv construcir---d clOcir an0 wind°
F-4I I
th_
lirt IN-
f Irs th_mr,t1
entitt N-s) thri couldria To tkvorw a yft
# and kith a CiOf withrifr hInk Lt !ftr- the nVartir---r* Ltiqra '1,=-* kr .= was twuir-
brlo %bort to full- wrre t(*) run 11(' tenth 01 anv wailft the t_ thrn doweledthem together with tin c_a_ri that ?inn -- snugly the to and then orrr1 heoutside wnts with wide *c.
For a hrepiacr the tx_vys put up a framework 0, ,g ,771k oral and the giri covrIt with a realistically paper fireplace M natUral.
VC-4-=
_ their own 01 = V. a F--.AEF z
mattrr-N_L They dipped their own (-Ana
Fron g StateA natl. Leg ._wc_a_tne a churn.
t11111s-f--L itirV
kettle, andirons and a_ Fk-----wt-cr teapot to equi 1,!-- .g- C trustiC realarne-e.For the thir&grat -rs it was an unforgettable exiwrilenc-r------wu.y of tLin iven
1---.orrowea a gp nn.
a _
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fi:TpIcrftF#1
I it Wabino 1
the structure.tr the teseler it
knowl-c±d=2-c
birthday and rat-leo holiday in tv classroom working
excette- waytheminanv ok-I cn
tF0
on
i=vria not a it I _e
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have a of
rs.4y are both irkIy
in th grade interested in machinesbeing in the
beingfind e tin*
yow manof ati,
This VIto to a now Th r:
help Tiey in-
very much schoolsrikport of
leg al but its purpose i
guilt of-,hork,of and
the I c.,
of the cabin.hilli-ocheo.1 vocational Io
Ise fitted at the hadwind
the
settled.m2)
inside
ainte4
furniture---ehairs andiij;jPziu_
(motile holders.
"tlEK
:tern Ate
wheel,
was as_
kL, _4_
gel youngsters develop tie
41,
41.
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Fridayis, bey!'
at i
A
&awedto
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aand and made*
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The, the history of the of howd I the of the timgf.tt.
A of igtttTraphy thrit diocustiiona, toa--they tile oftheir families andrhey of knowit-dpe the blending
At of this airs when they thrit fin-place im papttl.by i. not a yr* trchnique. hut it ift oftrn in
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Bert's parentsr
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good DOOKS 1-bait nOtoccasionally.
spondirigcorrecteal
in
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rFhe other ,==ENE5 NEE=Ic_ff
to%az
lie did havetreatment.
But not ticat
Bert's III
IV'LLZA
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and asked anythingtem Tk.t ATft wie*
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That afternoonThe finu
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school.-a' ' I
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theswers to inreea-- - a(=tar
per.-=a,
y.
answersThe
grouDiA
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10 tnext
His
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VA rftI 4.10_
friends'L
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notthe basis fp_
wen.. n the
in reading. T.z...,...__,_ _.
more than ry-L,.nr.e at the rlic'- el s.#
mit- LinV which,once the
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e a newa differentbook
you try toome.
find
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=g gl,g1axat, story =ES@ aa-at A 4.
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and he was nappier than
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both relieved anddefenses and why reading
in and although the teacher did label,organiza-
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Bert's he had accessto
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His actionsboy.
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Bert came "Mom, I book.". -
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he* from.... / .
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. , - friend helped him with card drill,.c.:,
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he was moved into the group had begs': . in a I. time.
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Ronniegame
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When
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non-pnonetic words, Ronnie soon
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became more Drinterest -7*;11Ren work Was closely related to improved
Theff 55.5
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about the plans they bt-1._, .--er rrigt-.........-sic -V--=- E_______a fit
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an do.
about this
u lust decide by yourself?"
Jorning and.1_
you g:*4 one wno mustmorning.
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Committee Z=ai,a-1,0-10 toalia- E ==a
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When
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in, league bueball.On a Monday morning told the exciting he bad
over the week end. suggested a shortfor paper. After thethe teacher
the -trueWith this it clue, the teacher compiled a list trio
w_ taken from study theni.When had evw showed the"100" to he...beamed with pride. Then the teacher explained that ,.
on the list were spelkd exactly as thiy sounded, but that was not.was he could learn to spell theguess you just hfive to study them until
day the teacher gave Ronnie a list which wasmade true or
others. aim:1 the guidance of for ofin spelling..
in his skill in spelling.6.
sitting rug the front of the rosom,made.
"Alice, with
good chimes a meetingyes-terday .thisbut call the think
. .
of the and Alice squirmed."Slie doesn't want to miss the story. Be' sure to find a dme before to, .
mniorrow, noon to, ho,111, your. 'Dieting, MiceThe leacher didn't pursue the diseussiou further. She bow
year-olds mere °young" 84.thic imssineas of working 4with (Asia.'.
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irritable,were abt to work toge v.,,
started, and weary before the*9
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tentfirisIin1g
wap over. She realizet.effort to have them masterf,a_m
skills. :She decided That one wall to begin to counteractthirigs that were haqening might be to allow a bit *more f-eedom."choice of activity" timeriod was included in the daily program.
On this particular day, the children were seated in a semicircle in thefront of the rbom. Their conversation went something like this:
11.Al
that e wasfundamental
some of the bad
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TLACHER :
SUSAN:
Tom:JOHN:
TEACHER:
Ron:TEACHER:
DAVID:
TN
TRAM= :
"Who knows what he wants"I'd 'like 11 plant ourreal'"I'd like to hnisn tne oiciure started yesterday."
to do during our choicebutter
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mother=ede Heim] me
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"If someone would help me, I'd like to spattei paint. I aiwemess tu0111-
"Who would like to h(.9Aweral hands went up."CouW't we look up"That V1 good
7"
John chose one IMEt
Rake
and one girl to kelp himr)ries to read at our reading party Mona..
(Guite a few hands went up.)wants to gut ready fo.
ffind likeyou Can a story YOU
P-43/aAve, "== from"I know 'what
ALt n e other grades."
QC
books we have we can borrow
g to read. Lucille, Jack, and, would like toplay the arithmetic genies""You told me yesterday that I multi tell almut the speedometer I Vv.-Ito g o Unat right after lunch?""I think e, Richard. ft looks as if ali of you know what you are goingto do. Shall we get darted?"
As the children worked; ihe teacher helped here sold th---re,needed. Then she talked quietly to fo children who went toto get their books. gathered around hir in a corner of
help in re-
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fifth grade fob La. Jones, e othlashad 'children on a fir iI hip Miss Norris told
was 1kep :41, 7it cla, qet forth to.dothe dov/Ilw: fungi was from to -s ---airialocated-'' about miles from the whoa. N_ut 9t cause any promises.
out.
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entire group decided w ey wanIn tete u ).71:
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trip, written by one .1 titeC ithen tve of us au a field trip. e woods.a roadsides. fore we 7,,,,i-ierer we Stt_k at a tree
road and got fungi and orer 0 tr-fle-,2. we wegot 4shelf Tungj,
Next wal yeti to the river and fonglA
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8 Oteils-and anima hole&w--- went tv 1- '.- park and A.9w. le-- mt W9 f mite 04f- Ca:As got some ,
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3,7,_ nE questions. we' eto ,-:teet mem T.av f t -:-Z-P d'in't know all we.we ti about the 4, _ we t hack-. __., daftguru ut .2ings us zone
Sigh
to
picnic.ey eartzz
_fern awl junk. Forfor several manths.-
Y
figured out hew witch the famoney to y £o ü stivitik3.-.,
kinds on to thewoods and fungi and tricms,--s_mushrooms. and other different kind
saw The-._
and sand.got weto
th
We found puff ball&
The grade planned a TheyLhey wanted would cost. the
ng old one reason or other the picnicbe postponed
At last good weather and condt1ons prevailed. Then th_blow! Food costs had risen so much that money whit!h waswould no longer buy the kind and amount of food the children thought theyhad to have.
They talked more money additional foodhornr Then the teacher that they explore the po&sibi itv of sub-'tuft less costly foods. much investigating figuring, and evalu-a mg. _he children decided to ke4 within the budget From all reporbey had a good felt satisfied with the food they finally purchaand pi ased to keep the original bu
rsisoiessAip is
egoing illustrations ts an element of I
by the teacher as she workswork, play, and live
It comes more easily to son to others
n the process oi working logedren are able to Ssn and woi
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Mes to knye thoroughness, o recognue those
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e andchild
en
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learn howthe "shy"
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Eng information from
=31g
OMER
HOW ER WO TOGETRER
pospikeether
onciusion
in eny classroom act
Running through theunderstanding guidance exercised with aor group of children. Learning to plan, together is,like all things, an individual matterand teachers
he teacher which chilwith
who pian exthusiagically but fail to carrytion to feel "lost" or overwhelmedwhere their are expected to con ribute ideas,through re,ponsibility.
As the teacher and children work together, the " onesto organize heir th4nking so that they can makedevelop con ence; the overambitious, the aggressive, nt
more coope ative; the livy" are challengede of using joresight in planning the need for