Figure 3.1 Reynolds’ apparatus
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Figure 3.1 Reynolds’ apparatus
Figure 3.2 Velocity profiles of laminar and turbulent flows in circular pipes
Figure 3.3 General description of flow in pipes
Figure 3.4 Flow through a horizontal nozzle
Figure 3.5 Total energy and head loss in pipe flow
Figure 3.6 Flow from an elevated water tank
Figure 3.7 Geometry of a circular pipe
Table 3.1 Roughness Heights, e, for Certain Common Pipe Materials
Figure 3.8 Friction factors for flow in pipes: the Moody diagram. Source: From L. F. Moody,
“Friction factors for pipe flow,” Trans. ASME, vol. 66, 1944.
Table 3.2 Hazen-Williams Coefficient, CHW, for Different Types of Pipes
Table 3.3 Manning’s Roughness Coefficient, n, for Pipe Flows
Table 3.4 Friction Equations Expressed in the Form of hf = KQm
Figure 3.9 Head loss and pressure variation resulting from sudden contraction
Table 3.5 Values of the Coefficient Kc for Sudden Contraction
Figure 3.10 Pipe confusor
Figure 3.11 Coefficient K’c for pipe confusors. Source: From Chigong Wu et al., Hydraulics
(Chengdu, Sichuan, China: The Chengdu University of Science and Technology Press, 1979).
Figure 3.12 Coefficient Ke for pipe entrances
Figure 3.13 Head loss from sudden expansion
Figure 3.14 Pipe diffusor
Figure 3.15 Exit (discharge) head loss
Figure 3.16 Head loss at a bend: (a) flow separation in a bend and (b) secondary flow at a bend
Table 3.6 Values of Kv for Common Hydraulic Valves
Table 3.6 (continued) Values of Kv for Common Hydraulic Valves
Figure 3.17 Flow through a pipeline
Figure 3.18 Pipes in series
Table 3.7 Equivalent Pipe Equations
Figure 3.19 Pipes in parallel
Figure 3.20 Flow through parallel pipes
Figure P3.5.5
Figure P3.12.5
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