Figure 1.1 Charges of unlike sign attact each other, those of like sign repel. Figure 1.2 The architecture of the dipolar water molecule. The red and blue surface regions are charged positively and negatively respectively. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Figure 1.3 The field created by a positive charge is directed away from the charge in all three-dimensional directions, the converse being true for negative charges.
Figure 1.5 The test charge experiences a repulsive force of magnitude Qtestq/2ε from the positively charged sheet, independent of l, and an attractive force of the same
Figure 1.6 A test charge moves a short distance δr from point A to point B towards the source of an electric field. It experiences a field of strength X acting in the direction of
Figure 1.7 A test charge journeying by the direct A → B route encounters a field that is constantly changing in both strength and direction. However, the work involved is the
same as via the route A → C → B. No work accompanies the A → C journey along the circular arc.
Figure 1.11 Arrangement for measuring the conductivity of an electronic conductor. The method is sometimes called the 4-terminal method because there are four connections
to the conductor. The sample of conductor is of length L and cross-sectional area A.
Figure 1.13 How the charge passed varies with time following the imposition of an electric field on three classes of material. For the insulator, a charge of magnitude
AεΔE/L passes almost immediately. For the electronic conductor, the charge passed increases linearly as AκtΔE/L. For the ionic conductor, the charge accumulates at an
Figure 1.17 Circuits to evaluate the effect of a voltage step on a resistor and a capacitor in parallel (left) and series (right). In the parallel case, ΔEC and ΔER are identical; when
the components are in series, the same current I flows through R and C.
Figure 1.21 A typical Fourier spectrum. In this example, harmonics are present at frequencies of 3ω, 5ω, 7ω, …, in addition to the fundamental of frequency ω. Here,