A student investigated the electrolysis of sodium chloride solution. Figure 1 shows the apparatus. Figure 1 The student measured the volume of gas collected in each measuring cylinder every minute for 20 minutes. 1. Page 1 of 12 Wexham School
Welcome message from author
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
A student investigated the electrolysis of sodium chloride solution.
Figure 1 shows the apparatus.
Figure 1
The student measured the volume of gas collected in each measuring cylinder every minute for20 minutes.
1.
Page 1 of 12Wexham School
(a) Figure 2 shows the volume of hydrogen gas collected in the measuring cylinder after 8minutes.
Figure 2
What is the volume of hydrogen gas collected?
Volume = ___________________ cm3
(1)
Page 2 of 12Wexham School
Figure 3 shows the results of the investigation.
Figure 3
(b) Which of the lines on Figure 3 show that the volume of gas collected is directly proportionalto the time?
Tick one box.
Both lines
Chlorine line only
Hydrogen line only
Neither line
(1)
Page 3 of 12Wexham School
(c) Which of the lines on Figure 3 show a positive correlation between the volume of gascollected and time?
Tick one box.
Both lines
Chlorine line only
Hydrogen line only
Neither line
(1)
A teacher demonstrates the electrolysis of different substances using graphite electrodes.
Figure 4 shows the apparatus used.
Figure 4
Page 4 of 12Wexham School
(d) Why can graphite conduct electricity?
Tick one box.
Graphite exists in layers of atoms.
Graphite has a giant structure.
Graphite has a high melting point.
Graphite has delocalised electrons.
(1)
(e) The teacher demonstrates the electrolysis of:
• molten zinc chloride
• potassium bromide solution.
Complete the table below to predict the products.
Choose answers from the box.
chlorine bromine hydrogen oxygen potassium zinc
Substance electrolysedProduct at cathode(negative electrode)
Product at anode(positive electrode)
Molten zinc chloride
Potassium bromidesolution
(4)
(Total 8 marks)
Page 5 of 12Wexham School
A student investigated the conductivity of different concentrations of sodium chloride solution.The student set the apparatus up as shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1
2.
The student measured the conductivity of the pure water with a conductivity meter.
The reading on the conductivity meter was zero.
(a) The student:
• added sodium chloride solution one drop at a time• stirred the solution• recorded the reading on the conductivity meter.
The student’s results are shown in the table below.
Page 6 of 12Wexham School
Number of drops ofsodium chloride solution
added
Relative conductivityof solution
0 0
1 100
2 120
3 310
4 400
5 510
6 590
7 710
8 800
Page 7 of 12Wexham School
(i) The student plotted the results on the grid shown in Figure 2.
Plot the four remaining results.
Draw a line of best fit, ignoring the anomalous result.
Figure 2
Number of drops of sodium chloride added
(3)
(ii) One of the points is anomalous.
Suggest one error that the student may have made to cause the anomalous result.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
(1)
Page 8 of 12Wexham School
(iii) The student wanted to compare the conductivity of sodium chloride solution with theconductivity of potassium chloride solution.
State one variable he should keep constant when measuring the conductivity of thetwo solutions.
______________________________________________________________
(1)
(b) (i) Explain, in terms of bonding, why pure water does not conduct electricity.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
(2)
(ii) Explain why sodium chloride solution conducts electricity.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
(2)
(iii) After he had added sodium chloride solution, the student noticed bubbles of gas atthe negative electrode.
Complete the sentence.
The gas produced at the negative electrode is __________________
(1)
(Total 10 marks)
Page 9 of 12Wexham School
This question is about magnesium and magnesium chloride.
(a) Magnesium chloride contains magnesium ions (Mg2+) and chloride ions (Cl⁻).
Describe, in terms of electrons, what happens when a magnesium atom reacts withchlorine atoms to produce magnesium chloride.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(4)
3.
Page 10 of 12Wexham School
(b) Magnesium chloride can be electrolysed.
The diagram below shows two experiments for electrolysing magnesium chloride.
(i) Explain why magnesium chloride must be molten or dissolved in water to beelectrolysed.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
(2)
(ii) Explain how magnesium is produced at the negative electrode in Experiment 1.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
(3)
(iii) In Experiment 2 a gas is produced at the negative electrode.Name the gas produced at the negative electrode.
____________________________________
(1)
Page 11 of 12Wexham School
(iv) Suggest why magnesium is not produced at the negative electrode in Experiment 2.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
(1)
(v) Complete and balance the half equation for the reaction at the positive electrode.
_____ Cl⁻ → Cl2 + _____
(1)
(c) Magnesium is a metal.
Explain why metals can be bent and shaped.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(2)
(Total 14 marks)
Page 12 of 12Wexham School
Related Documents
