Fighting new organisms: the new normal? · 2020. 11. 19. · Proefcentrum fruitteelt vzw Fruittuinweg 1, B-3800 Sint-Truiden –0032 (0)11 69 70 80 –[email protected] Fighting

Proefcentrum fruitteelt vzwFruittuinweg 1, B-3800 Sint-Truiden – 0032 (0)11 69 70 80 – [email protected]

Fighting new organisms: the new normal?

BE Scientific Plant Health Symposium15 October 2020

Dany Bylemans - Research Station for Fruit (pcfruit) npo& KULeuven (Dept. Biosystems)

PROEFCENTRUM FRUITTEELT VZWTITEL

2 cases from the fruit sector

• The spotted wing Drosophila - Drosophila suzukii

• The brown marmorated stink bug – Halyomorpha halys


Case 1. The spotted wing Drosophila – Drosophila suzukii

Shane F. McEvey, Australian Museum -

https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.4644793.v1

https://catalog.extension.oregonstate.edu/em9262/html

https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.4644793.v1


Egg deposition in ripening fruit

Martin Hauser, California Department of Food

and Agriculture.

Sean McCann, Simon Fraser Univ., USB

Biobest, Belgium


Pcfruit record:

23 larvae in 1 strawberry

(naturalinfestation)

Sean McCann, Simon Fraser Univ., US@ pcfruit


IOQ22A: Plantenziekten en Plantenplagen. D. Bylemans

6

2008: first observations in California & South-Europa

2011: first observation in Belgium (November)

2012: 26 % of traps caught D. suzukii, no damage

2013: 70 % of traps caught D. suzukii, no damage

2014: 100 % of traps caught D. suzukii, massive damage in berries, cherries, raspberry,

blackberry, viticulture and strawberry (open field)

2015+: strongly depending on weather conditions, but every year damage


Small insect, few notices ? (www.waarnemingen.be)

Pcfruit record observations:

Mark/recapture studies : 109 500 ind/haFruit infestation: > 8 mln ind/ha


Vlaio-LA project: Optical Wing Beat Sensor (with. Prof. De Ketelaere, KULeuven)

licht

Fluctuating current: = signal→ ‘Biometric fingerprint’ depending on wing beat frequency, size and shape of the wings

Wing beat frequence typically100-1000/sec (Hz)


Dead end trapping

IOQ20A D. Bylemans 9

@ pcfruit


@ pcfruit



Toolbox of partial solutions …(investigated in pcfruit)

Physical control:

- Exclusion netting

- Physcial deterrents

- Mass trapping

- Lure and kill

- Sterile Insect Technology

- Cold chain management

- Modified atmosphere

(post harvest)

- Visual distraction

Biological control:

- Predators

- Parasitoids

- Biological control agents

- Natural insecticides

- Pheromone disruption

- Push & pull

- Repellents

- Attractants

Chemical control:

- Selective compounds

- Broad spectrum compounds

Farm management:

- Hygiene measures

- Waste fruit management

- Shorter picking interval

- (Automatic) MonitoringBreeding:

- Resistant varieties @ Alamy


… but the winner is…

Mr. & Mrs. Drosophila suzukii



Case 2: The brown marmorated stinkbug,Halyomorpha halys

David R. Lance, USDAPcfruit

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/Brown_marmorated_stink_bug_eggs_hatched.jpg

mailto:[email protected]


Economic damage: “D. suzukii is a small problem…”

In the US, it took 14 years to become the most important pest in recent history, causing 37 million dollars in losses in

the fruit growing sector.

In Europe, Italy has been the first country invaded. In less than 10 years since its arrival, the insect is damaging apples, pears, kiwifruit, peaches, apricots, cherries, walnuts and even corn and soybeans, with losses reaching up to 100%. In 2019, the value of the damages has been estimated at 250 million Euro.

Since it is a foreign species, it has no dedicated natural enemies. Therefore, only phytosanitary treatments are effective.

Organophosphates, pyrethroids and neonicotinoids are the most effective substances.


15

Halyomorpha halys invasion


16

Halyomorpha halys spread in EU and situation in B

Observations in B (14/10/20)

www.waarnemingen.be


Physical exclusion netting tested on (bio)farm

The Lombardy region (Italy) has invested over €10 millionin protective nets for orchards

in recent years. @ pcfruit


Any natural ennemy around?

The Italian government has passed a law approving the use of the predatory samurai wasp, Trissolcus japonicus, to combat the bug

Recently also found in Europe !

Effective against H.halysbut not against endemic stink bugs…

Tim Haye, Agroscopen, CH


Global warming or globalised trade?

Or both?

Why do we get all these invasive species?


Conclusions

• New pests and diseases invade our regionsat a never experienced frequency

• Some cause enormous economical damage, as no natural population control is existing

• Integration of various control methods:increase of costs but still damageexperienced

• 30 years back in terms of IPM status !

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Peer reviewed papers last 5Y


Thank you !

Contact? [email protected]

Tim Beliën, Vincent Van Kerckvoorde, Rik Clymans,

Gertie Peusens, Eva Bangels et al.

Fighting new organisms: the new normal? · 2020. 11. 19. · Proefcentrum fruitteelt vzw Fruittuinweg 1, B-3800 Sint-Truiden –0032 (0)11 69 70 80 –[email protected] Fighting

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