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Fig. 15-00
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Fig. 15-00. Fig. 15-01a Precambrian Common ancestor to all present-day life Origin of Earth Earth cool enough for crust to solidify Oldest prokaryotic.

Jan 17, 2016

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Shonda Terry
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Page 1: Fig. 15-00. Fig. 15-01a Precambrian Common ancestor to all present-day life Origin of Earth Earth cool enough for crust to solidify Oldest prokaryotic.

Fig. 15-00

Page 2: Fig. 15-00. Fig. 15-01a Precambrian Common ancestor to all present-day life Origin of Earth Earth cool enough for crust to solidify Oldest prokaryotic.

Fig. 15-01a

Precambrian

Common ancestor toall present-day life

Origin ofEarth

Earth cool enoughfor crust to solidify

Oldest prokaryotic fossils

Atmospheric oxygenbegins to appear dueto photosyntheticprokaryotes

Millions of years ago4,500 4,000 3,500 3,000 2,500

Page 3: Fig. 15-00. Fig. 15-01a Precambrian Common ancestor to all present-day life Origin of Earth Earth cool enough for crust to solidify Oldest prokaryotic.

Fig. 15-01b

Paleozoic Mesozoic Cenozoic

Bacteria

Archaea

Plants

Fungi

Animals

Pro

ka

ryote

sE

uk

ary

ote

s

Pro

tists

Oldest eukaryoticfossils

Origin ofmulticellularorganisms

Oldestanimalfossils

Plants andsymbiotic fungicolonize land

Extinction ofdinosaurs

First humans

Millions of years ago

Cambrianexplosion

2,000 1,500 1,000 500 0

Page 4: Fig. 15-00. Fig. 15-01a Precambrian Common ancestor to all present-day life Origin of Earth Earth cool enough for crust to solidify Oldest prokaryotic.

Fig. 15-02Humans

Origin of solarsystem and Earth

1 4

0

2 3

Present

Animals

Colonizof land

ation

Mu

lti

euka

r

cellu

lar

yotes

Sing

euka

r

cel

yote

s

le-

led

Atmo

oxyspheric gen

Bilarsons of

ago

yeli ka

ryo

tes

Pro

Page 5: Fig. 15-00. Fig. 15-01a Precambrian Common ancestor to all present-day life Origin of Earth Earth cool enough for crust to solidify Oldest prokaryotic.

Fig. 15-03

Page 6: Fig. 15-00. Fig. 15-01a Precambrian Common ancestor to all present-day life Origin of Earth Earth cool enough for crust to solidify Oldest prokaryotic.

Fig. 15-04

Stanley Miller re-creatinghis 1953 experiment

Miller and Urey’s experiment

“Sea”

H2O

Sample forchemical analysis

Cooled watercontaining organicmolecules

Cold water

Condenser

Electrode

“Atmosphere”

Water vaporCH4

NH3 H2

Page 7: Fig. 15-00. Fig. 15-01a Precambrian Common ancestor to all present-day life Origin of Earth Earth cool enough for crust to solidify Oldest prokaryotic.

Fig. 15-04a

Stanley Miller re-creating his1953 experiment

Page 8: Fig. 15-00. Fig. 15-01a Precambrian Common ancestor to all present-day life Origin of Earth Earth cool enough for crust to solidify Oldest prokaryotic.

Fig. 15-04b

Miller and Urey’s experiment

“Sea”

H2O

Sample forchemical analysis

Cooled watercontaining organicmolecules

Cold water

Condenser

Water vaporCH4

NH3 H2 Electrode

“Atmosphere”

Page 9: Fig. 15-00. Fig. 15-01a Precambrian Common ancestor to all present-day life Origin of Earth Earth cool enough for crust to solidify Oldest prokaryotic.

Fig. 15-05

Original “gene”

ComplementaryRNA chain

Page 10: Fig. 15-00. Fig. 15-01a Precambrian Common ancestor to all present-day life Origin of Earth Earth cool enough for crust to solidify Oldest prokaryotic.

Fig. 15-06

Page 11: Fig. 15-00. Fig. 15-01a Precambrian Common ancestor to all present-day life Origin of Earth Earth cool enough for crust to solidify Oldest prokaryotic.

Fig. 15-07

Co

lori

zed

SE

M

Page 12: Fig. 15-00. Fig. 15-01a Precambrian Common ancestor to all present-day life Origin of Earth Earth cool enough for crust to solidify Oldest prokaryotic.

Fig. 15-08

SHAPES OF PROKARYOTIC CELLS

Spherical (cocci) Rod-shaped (bacilli) Spiral

Co

lori

zed

SE

M

Co

lori

zed

SE

M

Co

lori

zed

TE

M

Page 13: Fig. 15-00. Fig. 15-01a Precambrian Common ancestor to all present-day life Origin of Earth Earth cool enough for crust to solidify Oldest prokaryotic.

Fig. 15-08a

Co

lori

zed

SE

M

Page 14: Fig. 15-00. Fig. 15-01a Precambrian Common ancestor to all present-day life Origin of Earth Earth cool enough for crust to solidify Oldest prokaryotic.

Fig. 15-08b

Co

lori

zed

SE

M

Page 15: Fig. 15-00. Fig. 15-01a Precambrian Common ancestor to all present-day life Origin of Earth Earth cool enough for crust to solidify Oldest prokaryotic.

Fig. 15-08c

Co

lori

zed

TE

M

Page 16: Fig. 15-00. Fig. 15-01a Precambrian Common ancestor to all present-day life Origin of Earth Earth cool enough for crust to solidify Oldest prokaryotic.

Fig. 15-09

(a) Actinomycete (b) Cyanobacteria (c) Giant bacterium

Co

lori

zed

SE

M

LM

LM

Page 17: Fig. 15-00. Fig. 15-01a Precambrian Common ancestor to all present-day life Origin of Earth Earth cool enough for crust to solidify Oldest prokaryotic.

Fig. 15-09a

(a) Actinomycete

Co

lori

zed

SE

M

Page 18: Fig. 15-00. Fig. 15-01a Precambrian Common ancestor to all present-day life Origin of Earth Earth cool enough for crust to solidify Oldest prokaryotic.

Fig. 15-09b

(b) Cyanobacteria

LM

Page 19: Fig. 15-00. Fig. 15-01a Precambrian Common ancestor to all present-day life Origin of Earth Earth cool enough for crust to solidify Oldest prokaryotic.

Fig. 15-09c

(c) Giant bacterium

LM

Page 20: Fig. 15-00. Fig. 15-01a Precambrian Common ancestor to all present-day life Origin of Earth Earth cool enough for crust to solidify Oldest prokaryotic.

Fig. 15-10

Plasmamembrane

Cell wall

Rotary movement ofeach flagellum

Flagellum

Co

lori

zed

TE

M

Page 21: Fig. 15-00. Fig. 15-01a Precambrian Common ancestor to all present-day life Origin of Earth Earth cool enough for crust to solidify Oldest prokaryotic.

Fig. 15-11

Endospore

Co

lori

zed

SE

M

Page 22: Fig. 15-00. Fig. 15-01a Precambrian Common ancestor to all present-day life Origin of Earth Earth cool enough for crust to solidify Oldest prokaryotic.

Fig. 15-12

MODES OF NUTRITION

Light Chemical

ChemoautotrophsPhotoautotrophs

Photoheterotrophs Chemoheterotrophs

Energy source

Elodea, an aquatic plant

Rhodopseudomonas Little Owl (Athene noctua)

Bacteria from a hot spring

Org

anic

co

mp

ou

nd

s

Car

bo

n s

ou

rce

CO

2

Co

lori

zed

TE

M

Co

lori

zed

TE

M

Page 23: Fig. 15-00. Fig. 15-01a Precambrian Common ancestor to all present-day life Origin of Earth Earth cool enough for crust to solidify Oldest prokaryotic.

Fig. 15-12a

Page 24: Fig. 15-00. Fig. 15-01a Precambrian Common ancestor to all present-day life Origin of Earth Earth cool enough for crust to solidify Oldest prokaryotic.

Fig. 15-12b

Co

lori

zed

TE

M

Page 25: Fig. 15-00. Fig. 15-01a Precambrian Common ancestor to all present-day life Origin of Earth Earth cool enough for crust to solidify Oldest prokaryotic.

Fig. 15-12c

Co

lori

zed

TE

M

Page 26: Fig. 15-00. Fig. 15-01a Precambrian Common ancestor to all present-day life Origin of Earth Earth cool enough for crust to solidify Oldest prokaryotic.

Fig. 15-12d

Page 27: Fig. 15-00. Fig. 15-01a Precambrian Common ancestor to all present-day life Origin of Earth Earth cool enough for crust to solidify Oldest prokaryotic.

Fig. 15-13

(a) Salt-loving archaea (b) Heat-loving archaea

Page 28: Fig. 15-00. Fig. 15-01a Precambrian Common ancestor to all present-day life Origin of Earth Earth cool enough for crust to solidify Oldest prokaryotic.

Fig. 15-13a

(a) Salt-loving archaea

Page 29: Fig. 15-00. Fig. 15-01a Precambrian Common ancestor to all present-day life Origin of Earth Earth cool enough for crust to solidify Oldest prokaryotic.

Fig. 15-13b

(b) Heat-loving archaea

Page 30: Fig. 15-00. Fig. 15-01a Precambrian Common ancestor to all present-day life Origin of Earth Earth cool enough for crust to solidify Oldest prokaryotic.

Fig. 15-14

Haemophilusinfluenzae

Cells of nasallining

Co

lori

zed

SE

M

Page 31: Fig. 15-00. Fig. 15-01a Precambrian Common ancestor to all present-day life Origin of Earth Earth cool enough for crust to solidify Oldest prokaryotic.

Fig. 15-15

“Bull’s-eye” rash

Tick that carries theLyme disease bacterium

Spirochete that causesLyme disease

SE

M

Page 32: Fig. 15-00. Fig. 15-01a Precambrian Common ancestor to all present-day life Origin of Earth Earth cool enough for crust to solidify Oldest prokaryotic.

Fig. 15-15a

“Bull’s-eye” rash

Page 33: Fig. 15-00. Fig. 15-01a Precambrian Common ancestor to all present-day life Origin of Earth Earth cool enough for crust to solidify Oldest prokaryotic.

Fig. 15-15b

Tick that carries the Lyme disease bacterium

Page 34: Fig. 15-00. Fig. 15-01a Precambrian Common ancestor to all present-day life Origin of Earth Earth cool enough for crust to solidify Oldest prokaryotic.

Fig. 15-15c

Page 35: Fig. 15-00. Fig. 15-01a Precambrian Common ancestor to all present-day life Origin of Earth Earth cool enough for crust to solidify Oldest prokaryotic.

Fig. 15-15d

Spirochete that causes Lyme disease

SE

M

Page 36: Fig. 15-00. Fig. 15-01a Precambrian Common ancestor to all present-day life Origin of Earth Earth cool enough for crust to solidify Oldest prokaryotic.

Fig. 15-16

Page 37: Fig. 15-00. Fig. 15-01a Precambrian Common ancestor to all present-day life Origin of Earth Earth cool enough for crust to solidify Oldest prokaryotic.

Fig. 15-17

Liquid wastes Outflow

Rotatingspray arm

Rock bed coatedwith aerobicprokaryotes andfungi

Page 38: Fig. 15-00. Fig. 15-01a Precambrian Common ancestor to all present-day life Origin of Earth Earth cool enough for crust to solidify Oldest prokaryotic.

Fig. 15-18

Page 39: Fig. 15-00. Fig. 15-01a Precambrian Common ancestor to all present-day life Origin of Earth Earth cool enough for crust to solidify Oldest prokaryotic.

Fig. 15-19

Page 40: Fig. 15-00. Fig. 15-01a Precambrian Common ancestor to all present-day life Origin of Earth Earth cool enough for crust to solidify Oldest prokaryotic.

Fig. 15-20

(a) Origin of the endomembrane system (b) Origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts

Plasmamembrane

Ancestralprokaryote

DNA

Cytoplasm

Endoplasmicreticulum

Membraneinfolding

Nucleus

Nuclearenvelope

Cell with nucleus andendomembrane system

Photosyntheticeukaryotic cell

Photosyntheticprokaryote

Aerobicheterotrophicprokaryote

Endosymbiosis(Some cells)

Mitochondrion

Chloroplast

Page 41: Fig. 15-00. Fig. 15-01a Precambrian Common ancestor to all present-day life Origin of Earth Earth cool enough for crust to solidify Oldest prokaryotic.

Fig. 15-20a

(a) Origin of the endomembrane system

Plasmamembrane

Ancestralprokaryote

DNA

Cytoplasm

Endoplasmicreticulum

Membraneinfolding

Nucleus

Nuclearenvelope

Cell with nucleus andendomembrane system

Page 42: Fig. 15-00. Fig. 15-01a Precambrian Common ancestor to all present-day life Origin of Earth Earth cool enough for crust to solidify Oldest prokaryotic.

Fig. 15-20b

(b) Origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts

Photosyntheticeukaryotic cell

Photosyntheticprokaryote

Aerobicheterotrophicprokaryote

Endosymbiosis(Some cells)

Mitochondrion

Chloroplast

Page 43: Fig. 15-00. Fig. 15-01a Precambrian Common ancestor to all present-day life Origin of Earth Earth cool enough for crust to solidify Oldest prokaryotic.

Fig. 15-21

A flagellate: Giardia

A foram An apicomplexan A ciliate

An amoebaAnother flagellate: trypanosomes

Food beingingested

Pseudopodiumof amoeba

RedbloodcellL

M

TE

M

LM

LM

Co

lori

zed

SE

M

Co

lori

zed

SE

M

Apical complex Cilia

Oralgroove

Page 44: Fig. 15-00. Fig. 15-01a Precambrian Common ancestor to all present-day life Origin of Earth Earth cool enough for crust to solidify Oldest prokaryotic.

Fig. 15-21a

A flagellate: Giardia

Co

lori

zed

SE

M

Page 45: Fig. 15-00. Fig. 15-01a Precambrian Common ancestor to all present-day life Origin of Earth Earth cool enough for crust to solidify Oldest prokaryotic.

Fig. 15-21b

Another flagellate: trypanosomes

Co

lori

zed

SE

M

Page 46: Fig. 15-00. Fig. 15-01a Precambrian Common ancestor to all present-day life Origin of Earth Earth cool enough for crust to solidify Oldest prokaryotic.

Fig. 15-21c

An amoeba

LM

Page 47: Fig. 15-00. Fig. 15-01a Precambrian Common ancestor to all present-day life Origin of Earth Earth cool enough for crust to solidify Oldest prokaryotic.

Fig. 15-21d

A foram

LM

Page 48: Fig. 15-00. Fig. 15-01a Precambrian Common ancestor to all present-day life Origin of Earth Earth cool enough for crust to solidify Oldest prokaryotic.

Fig. 15-21e

An apicomplexan

TE

M

Page 49: Fig. 15-00. Fig. 15-01a Precambrian Common ancestor to all present-day life Origin of Earth Earth cool enough for crust to solidify Oldest prokaryotic.

Fig. 15-21f

A ciliate

LM

Page 50: Fig. 15-00. Fig. 15-01a Precambrian Common ancestor to all present-day life Origin of Earth Earth cool enough for crust to solidify Oldest prokaryotic.

Fig. 15-22

Page 51: Fig. 15-00. Fig. 15-01a Precambrian Common ancestor to all present-day life Origin of Earth Earth cool enough for crust to solidify Oldest prokaryotic.

Fig. 15-23

LM

Amoeboidcells

Slug-like colony

Reproductivestructure

Page 52: Fig. 15-00. Fig. 15-01a Precambrian Common ancestor to all present-day life Origin of Earth Earth cool enough for crust to solidify Oldest prokaryotic.

Fig. 15-23a

LM

Page 53: Fig. 15-00. Fig. 15-01a Precambrian Common ancestor to all present-day life Origin of Earth Earth cool enough for crust to solidify Oldest prokaryotic.

Fig. 15-23b

Page 54: Fig. 15-00. Fig. 15-01a Precambrian Common ancestor to all present-day life Origin of Earth Earth cool enough for crust to solidify Oldest prokaryotic.

Fig. 15-23c

Page 55: Fig. 15-00. Fig. 15-01a Precambrian Common ancestor to all present-day life Origin of Earth Earth cool enough for crust to solidify Oldest prokaryotic.

Fig. 15-24

(a) A dinoflagellate, with its wallof protective plates

(c) Chlamydomonas, a unicellulargreen alga with a pair of flagella

(b) A sample of diverse diatoms,which have glossy walls

(d) Volvox, a colonial green alga

Co

lori

zed

SE

MS

EM

LM

LM

Page 56: Fig. 15-00. Fig. 15-01a Precambrian Common ancestor to all present-day life Origin of Earth Earth cool enough for crust to solidify Oldest prokaryotic.

Fig. 15-24a

(a) A dinoflagellate, with its wall of protective plates

SE

M

Page 57: Fig. 15-00. Fig. 15-01a Precambrian Common ancestor to all present-day life Origin of Earth Earth cool enough for crust to solidify Oldest prokaryotic.

Fig. 15-24b

(b) A sample of diverse diatoms, which have glossy walls

LM

Page 58: Fig. 15-00. Fig. 15-01a Precambrian Common ancestor to all present-day life Origin of Earth Earth cool enough for crust to solidify Oldest prokaryotic.

Fig. 15-24c

(c) Chlamydomonas, a unicellular green alga with a pair of flagella

Co

lori

zed

SE

M

Page 59: Fig. 15-00. Fig. 15-01a Precambrian Common ancestor to all present-day life Origin of Earth Earth cool enough for crust to solidify Oldest prokaryotic.

Fig. 15-24d

(d) Volvox, a colonial green alga

LM

Page 60: Fig. 15-00. Fig. 15-01a Precambrian Common ancestor to all present-day life Origin of Earth Earth cool enough for crust to solidify Oldest prokaryotic.

Fig. 15-25

Green algae Red algae Brown algae

Page 61: Fig. 15-00. Fig. 15-01a Precambrian Common ancestor to all present-day life Origin of Earth Earth cool enough for crust to solidify Oldest prokaryotic.

Fig. 15-25a

Green algae

Page 62: Fig. 15-00. Fig. 15-01a Precambrian Common ancestor to all present-day life Origin of Earth Earth cool enough for crust to solidify Oldest prokaryotic.

Fig. 15-25b

Red algae

Page 63: Fig. 15-00. Fig. 15-01a Precambrian Common ancestor to all present-day life Origin of Earth Earth cool enough for crust to solidify Oldest prokaryotic.

Fig. 15-25c

Brown algae

Page 64: Fig. 15-00. Fig. 15-01a Precambrian Common ancestor to all present-day life Origin of Earth Earth cool enough for crust to solidify Oldest prokaryotic.

Fig. 15-26-1

Unicellularprotist

Colony

Page 65: Fig. 15-00. Fig. 15-01a Precambrian Common ancestor to all present-day life Origin of Earth Earth cool enough for crust to solidify Oldest prokaryotic.

Fig. 15-26-2

Unicellularprotist

Colony

Locomotorcells

Food-synthesizingcells

Early multicellular organismwith specialized, interdependent cells

Page 66: Fig. 15-00. Fig. 15-01a Precambrian Common ancestor to all present-day life Origin of Earth Earth cool enough for crust to solidify Oldest prokaryotic.

Fig. 15-26-3

Unicellularprotist

Colony

Locomotorcells

Food-synthesizingcells

Early multicellular organismwith specialized, interdependent cells

Later organism withgametes and somatic cells

Somaticcells

Gamete

Page 67: Fig. 15-00. Fig. 15-01a Precambrian Common ancestor to all present-day life Origin of Earth Earth cool enough for crust to solidify Oldest prokaryotic.

Fig. 15-UN01

Bacteria

Archaea

Prokaryotes

Eukarya

Protists

Plants

Fungi

Animals

Page 68: Fig. 15-00. Fig. 15-01a Precambrian Common ancestor to all present-day life Origin of Earth Earth cool enough for crust to solidify Oldest prokaryotic.

Fig. 15-UN02

Bacteria

Archaea

Prokaryotes

Eukarya

Protists

Plants

Fungi

Animals

Page 69: Fig. 15-00. Fig. 15-01a Precambrian Common ancestor to all present-day life Origin of Earth Earth cool enough for crust to solidify Oldest prokaryotic.

Fig. 15-UN03

Major episode Millions of years ago

All major animal phyla established

Plants and fungi colonize land

Origin of Earth

First multicellular organismsOldest eukaryotic fossils

Accumulation of O2 in atmosphereOldest prokaryotic fossils

5005301,2001,800

2,4003,5004,600

Page 70: Fig. 15-00. Fig. 15-01a Precambrian Common ancestor to all present-day life Origin of Earth Earth cool enough for crust to solidify Oldest prokaryotic.

Fig. 15-UN04

Inorganic compounds

Abiotic synthesisof organic monomers

Abiotic synthesisof polymers

Formationof pre-cells

Self-replicatingmolecules

Membrane-enclosed compartment

Complementarychain

Polymer

Organic monomers

Page 71: Fig. 15-00. Fig. 15-01a Precambrian Common ancestor to all present-day life Origin of Earth Earth cool enough for crust to solidify Oldest prokaryotic.

Fig. 15-UN05

Spherical Rod-shaped Spiral

Page 72: Fig. 15-00. Fig. 15-01a Precambrian Common ancestor to all present-day life Origin of Earth Earth cool enough for crust to solidify Oldest prokaryotic.

Fig. 15-UN06

Nutritional Mode Energy Source Carbon Source

Photoautotroph

Chemoautotroph

Photoheterotroph

Chemoheterotroph

Sunlight

Inorganic chemicals

Sunlight

Organic compounds

CO2

Organic compounds

Page 73: Fig. 15-00. Fig. 15-01a Precambrian Common ancestor to all present-day life Origin of Earth Earth cool enough for crust to solidify Oldest prokaryotic.

Fig. 15-UN07

Bacteria

Archaea

Prokaryotes

Eukarya

Protists

Plants

Fungi

Animals

Page 74: Fig. 15-00. Fig. 15-01a Precambrian Common ancestor to all present-day life Origin of Earth Earth cool enough for crust to solidify Oldest prokaryotic.

Fig. 15-UN08

Bacteria

Archaea

Prokaryotes

Eukarya

Protists

Plants

Fungi

Animals